Article(id=1324044648892727807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044540067328424, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512491, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1766937600000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793606443856, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1777046400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793606443856, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793606443856, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793606443856, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324044540067328424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777046400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793606417910, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793606417910, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1478, endPage=1487, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324044649370878465, articleId=1324044648892727807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Trichlorfon downregulates IRX5 expression to promote hepatic injury and lipid accumulation in rats, columnId=1228016572065837304, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Experimental Technology and Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate whether trichlorfon exposure induces hepatic injury and lipid accumulation by downregulating IRX5 expression.

Methods

Male SD rats were randomly divided into control, low-dose (10 mg/kg), and high-dose (25 mg/kg) trichlorfon gavage groups and exposed for 30 days. Serum liver function (ALT, AST) and blood lipids (TG, TC) were detected; liver histopathology and hepatocyte apoptosis were observed by H&E and TUNEL staining; RT-qPCR and Western Blot were used to detect the expression of inflammation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism-related genes, and IRX5; molecular docking was performed to predict the binding between trichlorfon and IRX5. In vitro experiments were conducted using HepG2 cells as a model, with 200 μM determined as the subtoxic concentration. Cells were divided into control, 200 μM trichlorfon treatment, and 200 μM trichlorfon combined with IRX5 overexpression (OE-IRX5) groups. Intracellular lipid droplets were observed by Oil Red O staining, cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay, and lipid metabolism key proteins were detected by Western Blot.

Results

Compared with the control group, the trichlorfon treatment group showed decreased body weight (P<0.001), significantly increased serum ALT, AST, TG, and TC levels (P<0.000 1); liver tissue exhibited inflammatory damage, increased hepatocyte apoptosis, upregulated lipid metabolism-related gene expression (P<0.001), and downregulated IRX5 expression (P<0.01). Molecular docking showed that the binding energy between trichlorfon and IRX5 was-7.43 kcal/mol. In vitro experiments, 200 μM trichlorfon induced lipid droplet accumulation and downregulated IRX5 (P<0.05); IRX5 overexpression significantly reduced lipid accumulation, partially restored cell viability, and improved lipid metabolism disorder.

Conclusion

Chronic trichlorfon exposure causes hepatic injury and lipid accumulation in rats, potentially through downregulation of IRX5 expression. These findings implicate IRX5 as a critical mediator in trichlorfon-induced hepatotoxicity and metabolic disruption.

, authors=Meng-ling XU1, 2, 3, Yong-jie XU2, Yi-qiong ZHANG2, Bin-chan RAO1, 2, 3, Di CHEN1, 2, 3, Li-ying ZHU1, 3, Yin-xue ZHONG1, 3, 4, Wei PAN1, 2, 3, authorsList=Meng-ling XU, Yong-jie XU, Yi-qiong ZHANG, Bin-chan RAO, Di CHEN, Li-ying ZHU, Yin-xue ZHONG, Wei PAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yin-xue ZHONG, Wei PAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324044653548405266, articleId=1324044648892727807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=敌百虫下调IRX5表达促进大鼠肝脏损伤及脂质蓄积, columnId=1228016572288135432, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=实验技术及其应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究敌百虫暴露是否通过下调IRX5表达介导肝脏损伤及脂质蓄积。

方法

将雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照、低剂量(10 mg/kg)和高剂量(25 mg/kg)敌百虫灌胃组,染毒30天。检测血清肝功能(ALT、AST)与血脂(TG、TC);H&E与TUNEL染色观察肝组织病理与肝细胞凋亡;RT-qPCR、Western Blot检测炎症、细胞凋亡、脂代谢相关基因及IRX5的表达;分子对接预测敌百虫与IRX5的结合。体外实验以HepG2细胞为模型,确定200 μM为亚毒性浓度,分为对照、200 μM敌百虫处理及200 μM敌百虫联合IRX5过表达(OE-IRX5)组。油红O染色观察细胞内脂滴,CCK-8法评估细胞活力,Western Blot检测脂代谢关键蛋白。

结果

敌百虫处理组大鼠体重下降(P<0.001),血清ALT、AST、TG、TC水平明显升高(P<0.000 1);肝组织出现炎性损伤、肝细胞凋亡增加,脂质代谢相关基因表达上升(P<0.001)而IRX5表达下降(P<0.01)。分子对接表明敌百虫与IRX5结合能为-7.43 kcal/mol。体外实验中,200 μM敌百虫诱导细胞脂滴蓄积并下调IRX5(P<0.05);过表IRX5显著减轻脂质积累,部分恢复细胞活力,并改善脂代谢紊乱。

结论

敌百虫持续暴露可导致大鼠肝脏损伤与脂质蓄积,其潜在机制涉及IRX5表达的下调。

, authors=徐梦玲1, 2, 3, 许永劼2, 张艺琼2, 饶彬阐1, 2, 3, 陈迪1, 2, 3, 朱丽英1, 3, 钟银雪1, 3, 4, 潘卫1, 2, 3, authorsList=徐梦玲, 许永劼, 张艺琼, 饶彬阐, 陈迪, 朱丽英, 钟银雪, 潘卫, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=钟银雪, 潘卫, authorNote=

徐梦玲(2004—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:肝病

, correspAuthorsNote=
钟银雪与潘卫为共同通信作者。钟银雪,E-mail:
潘卫,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=xHJwgYC1Zrug7pqZmKfNWQ==, magXml=4evlFsc9yEFfaoBRiLF1wA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=zyjRfEDEZR0FnyWi1kB9Iw==, pdfFileSize=3588202, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=8gGsjEPu/1SYLxFqPr2ILw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=GmG+UL0mo8VE2SJoxteC+Q==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1324044654840250910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044648892727807, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1324044656136290850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044648892727807, authorId=1324044654840250910, language=EN, stringName=Meng-ling XU, firstName=Meng-ling, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Clinical Laboratory Center, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1324044656257925667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044648892727807, authorId=1324044654840250910, language=CN, stringName=徐梦玲, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1.贵州医科大学附属医院,临床检验中心,贵州 贵阳 550004
2.贵州医科大学附属医院,贵州省产前诊断中心
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Effects of low doses Trichlorfon exposure on Rana chensinensis tadpoles[J]. Environmental Toxicology, 2019, 34(1): 30-36., articleTitle=Effects of low doses Trichlorfon exposure on Rana chensinensis tadpoles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324044663493100140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044648892727807, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=84, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Carvalho APC, Silva HCM, Gomes ALS, journalName=Brazilian Journal of Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Carvalho APC, Silva HCM, Gomes ALS, et al. Effects of trichlorfon on ecotoxicological biomarkers in farmed Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui)[J]. 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注:A:大鼠体重;B:大鼠血清ALT;C:大鼠血清AST;D:大鼠血清TG;E:大鼠血清TC;与对照组相比,****P<0.0001,***P<0.001,**P<0.01,ns:无统计学意义(n=3),下同。

, figureFileSmall=zj67WQsdcEmIZ62IIGEXUQ==, figureFileBig=8gGsjEPu/1SYLxFqPr2ILw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044661878293082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044648892727807, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=H&E staining (H&E staining, ×100, ×400), figureFileSmall=fJ1POSkNFdWbs/KxzMlkxA==, figureFileBig=qYNhYY7Qv2aXZ2DIc/YWVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044661949596251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044648892727807, language=CN, label=图2, caption=H&E染色(H&E染色,×100,×400)

注:箭头指向的病理变化为炎性细胞浸润以及肝细胞中空泡变性。

, figureFileSmall=fJ1POSkNFdWbs/KxzMlkxA==, figureFileBig=qYNhYY7Qv2aXZ2DIc/YWVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044662054453852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044648892727807, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Hepatic inflammatory factor expression in rats, figureFileSmall=f5sUII8hYLuckTRSWSeZUg==, figureFileBig=FVUzmwtnapnECTr3SDhYMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044662150922845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044648892727807, language=CN, label=图3, caption=大鼠肝脏炎症因子表达情况

注:A:肝脏IL-1b、IL-6 mRNA表达情况;B:肝脏IL-1b、IL-6蛋白表达情况。

, figureFileSmall=f5sUII8hYLuckTRSWSeZUg==, figureFileBig=FVUzmwtnapnECTr3SDhYMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044662268363358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044648892727807, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Apoptosis of rat hepatocytes, figureFileSmall=yPisq2eR0KlEvuLlvrJ1XQ==, figureFileBig=aoCU4Z6Nv12jhCstdV4aUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044662339666527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044648892727807, language=CN, label=图4, caption=大鼠肝细胞凋亡情况

注:A:TUNEL染色(TUNEL染色,×400);B、C、D:肝细胞凋亡相关指标mRNA表达情况;E:肝细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达情况。

, figureFileSmall=yPisq2eR0KlEvuLlvrJ1XQ==, figureFileBig=aoCU4Z6Nv12jhCstdV4aUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044662427746912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044648892727807, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Expression of lipid-related molecules in the rat liver, figureFileSmall=VTaCV6ftaohgXbUp5x3JbQ==, figureFileBig=oFAtgRcKua9/Djk3X8TfSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044662515827297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044648892727807, language=CN, label=图5, caption=大鼠肝脏脂质相关指标表达情况

注:A:肝脏脂质相关指标mRNA表达情况;B:肝脏脂质相关蛋白表达情况。

, figureFileSmall=VTaCV6ftaohgXbUp5x3JbQ==, figureFileBig=oFAtgRcKua9/Djk3X8TfSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044662608101986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044648892727807, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=The expression of IRX5 in rat liver, figureFileSmall=lG3eiEKseG6LiLcxJE7UNw==, figureFileBig=R4tSFmxcgoVJtfwVX7c8UQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044662675210851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044648892727807, language=CN, label=图6, caption=大鼠肝脏IRX5表达情况

注:A:肝组织IRX5免疫组化染色(IRX5染色,×100,×400);B:肝组织IRX5 mRNA表达情况;C:肝组织IRX5蛋白表达情况;D:IRX5蛋白表达统计分析结果。

, figureFileSmall=lG3eiEKseG6LiLcxJE7UNw==, figureFileBig=R4tSFmxcgoVJtfwVX7c8UQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044662742319716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044648892727807, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Molecular docking between trichlorfon and IRX5, figureFileSmall=VTqSCXgkj4nMNqB1t6IViQ==, figureFileBig=VQFtMxG9QYbAFLhAybbDWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044662826205797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044648892727807, language=CN, label=图7, caption=敌百虫与IRX5分子对接情况, figureFileSmall=VTqSCXgkj4nMNqB1t6IViQ==, figureFileBig=VQFtMxG9QYbAFLhAybbDWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044662905897574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044648892727807, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Trichlorfon induces lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells by downregulating IRX5, figureFileSmall=aebRMzbwDn5F1zG2iOMf1g==, figureFileBig=ptEHBVXGNJpt0fUWlmUnqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044662981395047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044648892727807, language=CN, label=图8, caption=敌百虫通过下调IRX5诱导HepG2细胞脂质蓄积

注:A:敌百虫对HepG2细胞活力的影响及实验浓度筛选;B:油红O染色检测HepG2细胞内脂滴形成(红色);C:IRX5过表达可减轻敌百虫诱导的细胞活力下降(IRX5 overexpression,OE-IRX5)。D:Western Blotting检测IRX5及脂质合成关键蛋白(Fasn、Acc1、Srebf-1)的表达水平。

, figureFileSmall=aebRMzbwDn5F1zG2iOMf1g==, figureFileBig=ptEHBVXGNJpt0fUWlmUnqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044663082058344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044648892727807, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequences

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GeneForward Primer(5’→3’)Reverse Primer(5’→3’)
β-actinGTCTCCTCTCCGGACTTGTGGGGGTGTTGAAGGTCTCAAA
IRX5TCTCAAGGCCTGGCTCAATGGTTGACGAACCAGGTGGACA
BaxGTCCTCACTGCCTCACTCACCTTTCCCCGTTCCCCATTCA
Bcl-2CTGGTGGACAACATCGCTCTGCATGCTGGGGCCATATAGT
Caspase-3TGGACTGTGGCATTGAGACAGCATCGACATCTGTACCAGA
FasnGAGCACTGATGAGCACACCTCCATCAGGTTTCAGCCCCAT
Acc1CCCCACAGCCCATTACACATTCACTGACACGAGTGAAGGC
Srebf-1ATGCCATGGGCAAGTACACACTGCACACTCAGCCAGGTTA
IL-6GCAAGAGACTTCCAGCCAGTGTCTCCTCTCCGGACTTGTG
IL-1bAGCAGCTTTCGACAGTGAGGCTCCACGGGCAAGACATAGG
), ArticleFig(id=1324044663161750121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044648892727807, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

引物序列

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GeneForward Primer(5’→3’)Reverse Primer(5’→3’)
β-actinGTCTCCTCTCCGGACTTGTGGGGGTGTTGAAGGTCTCAAA
IRX5TCTCAAGGCCTGGCTCAATGGTTGACGAACCAGGTGGACA
BaxGTCCTCACTGCCTCACTCACCTTTCCCCGTTCCCCATTCA
Bcl-2CTGGTGGACAACATCGCTCTGCATGCTGGGGCCATATAGT
Caspase-3TGGACTGTGGCATTGAGACAGCATCGACATCTGTACCAGA
FasnGAGCACTGATGAGCACACCTCCATCAGGTTTCAGCCCCAT
Acc1CCCCACAGCCCATTACACATTCACTGACACGAGTGAAGGC
Srebf-1ATGCCATGGGCAAGTACACACTGCACACTCAGCCAGGTTA
IL-6GCAAGAGACTTCCAGCCAGTGTCTCCTCTCCGGACTTGTG
IL-1bAGCAGCTTTCGACAGTGAGGCTCCACGGGCAAGACATAGG
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敌百虫下调IRX5表达促进大鼠肝脏损伤及脂质蓄积
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徐梦玲 1, 2, 3 , 许永劼 2 , 张艺琼 2 , 饶彬阐 1, 2, 3 , 陈迪 1, 2, 3 , 朱丽英 1, 3 , 钟银雪 1, 3, 4 , 潘卫 1, 2, 3
现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2026,53(8): 1478-1487
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现代预防医学 |实验技术及其应用 2026 , 53 (8) : 1478 -1487
敌百虫下调IRX5表达促进大鼠肝脏损伤及脂质蓄积
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徐梦玲1, 2, 3, 许永劼2, 张艺琼2, 饶彬阐1, 2, 3, 陈迪1, 2, 3, 朱丽英1, 3, 钟银雪1, 3, 4 , 潘卫1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.贵州医科大学附属医院,临床检验中心,贵州 贵阳 550004
  • 2.贵州医科大学附属医院,贵州省产前诊断中心
  • 3.贵州医科大学,医学检验学院
  • 4.贵州医科大学附属医院病理科
通讯作者:
钟银雪与潘卫为共同通信作者。钟银雪,E-mail:
潘卫,E-mail:
作者简介:

徐梦玲(2004—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:肝病

Trichlorfon downregulates IRX5 expression to promote hepatic injury and lipid accumulation in rats
Meng-ling XU1, 2, 3, Yong-jie XU2, Yi-qiong ZHANG2, Bin-chan RAO1, 2, 3, Di CHEN1, 2, 3, Li-ying ZHU1, 3, Yin-xue ZHONG1, 3, 4 , Wei PAN1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Clinical Laboratory Center, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
出版时间: 2026-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512491
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目的

探究敌百虫暴露是否通过下调IRX5表达介导肝脏损伤及脂质蓄积。

方法

将雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照、低剂量(10 mg/kg)和高剂量(25 mg/kg)敌百虫灌胃组,染毒30天。检测血清肝功能(ALT、AST)与血脂(TG、TC);H&E与TUNEL染色观察肝组织病理与肝细胞凋亡;RT-qPCR、Western Blot检测炎症、细胞凋亡、脂代谢相关基因及IRX5的表达;分子对接预测敌百虫与IRX5的结合。体外实验以HepG2细胞为模型,确定200 μM为亚毒性浓度,分为对照、200 μM敌百虫处理及200 μM敌百虫联合IRX5过表达(OE-IRX5)组。油红O染色观察细胞内脂滴,CCK-8法评估细胞活力,Western Blot检测脂代谢关键蛋白。

结果

敌百虫处理组大鼠体重下降(P<0.001),血清ALT、AST、TG、TC水平明显升高(P<0.000 1);肝组织出现炎性损伤、肝细胞凋亡增加,脂质代谢相关基因表达上升(P<0.001)而IRX5表达下降(P<0.01)。分子对接表明敌百虫与IRX5结合能为-7.43 kcal/mol。体外实验中,200 μM敌百虫诱导细胞脂滴蓄积并下调IRX5(P<0.05);过表IRX5显著减轻脂质积累,部分恢复细胞活力,并改善脂代谢紊乱。

结论

敌百虫持续暴露可导致大鼠肝脏损伤与脂质蓄积,其潜在机制涉及IRX5表达的下调。

敌百虫  /  IRX5  /  脂质代谢紊乱  /  细胞凋亡
Objective

To investigate whether trichlorfon exposure induces hepatic injury and lipid accumulation by downregulating IRX5 expression.

Methods

Male SD rats were randomly divided into control, low-dose (10 mg/kg), and high-dose (25 mg/kg) trichlorfon gavage groups and exposed for 30 days. Serum liver function (ALT, AST) and blood lipids (TG, TC) were detected; liver histopathology and hepatocyte apoptosis were observed by H&E and TUNEL staining; RT-qPCR and Western Blot were used to detect the expression of inflammation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism-related genes, and IRX5; molecular docking was performed to predict the binding between trichlorfon and IRX5. In vitro experiments were conducted using HepG2 cells as a model, with 200 μM determined as the subtoxic concentration. Cells were divided into control, 200 μM trichlorfon treatment, and 200 μM trichlorfon combined with IRX5 overexpression (OE-IRX5) groups. Intracellular lipid droplets were observed by Oil Red O staining, cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay, and lipid metabolism key proteins were detected by Western Blot.

Results

Compared with the control group, the trichlorfon treatment group showed decreased body weight (P<0.001), significantly increased serum ALT, AST, TG, and TC levels (P<0.000 1); liver tissue exhibited inflammatory damage, increased hepatocyte apoptosis, upregulated lipid metabolism-related gene expression (P<0.001), and downregulated IRX5 expression (P<0.01). Molecular docking showed that the binding energy between trichlorfon and IRX5 was-7.43 kcal/mol. In vitro experiments, 200 μM trichlorfon induced lipid droplet accumulation and downregulated IRX5 (P<0.05); IRX5 overexpression significantly reduced lipid accumulation, partially restored cell viability, and improved lipid metabolism disorder.

Conclusion

Chronic trichlorfon exposure causes hepatic injury and lipid accumulation in rats, potentially through downregulation of IRX5 expression. These findings implicate IRX5 as a critical mediator in trichlorfon-induced hepatotoxicity and metabolic disruption.

Trichlorfon  /  IRX5  /  Lipid metabolism disorder  /  Apoptosis
徐梦玲, 许永劼, 张艺琼, 饶彬阐, 陈迪, 朱丽英, 钟银雪, 潘卫. 敌百虫下调IRX5表达促进大鼠肝脏损伤及脂质蓄积. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (8) : 1478 -1487 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512491
Meng-ling XU, Yong-jie XU, Yi-qiong ZHANG, Bin-chan RAO, Di CHEN, Li-ying ZHU, Yin-xue ZHONG, Wei PAN. Trichlorfon downregulates IRX5 expression to promote hepatic injury and lipid accumulation in rats[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (8) : 1478 -1487 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512491
有机磷类农药(OrganoPhosPhate-s,OPs)是全球广泛使用的杀虫剂,在发展中国家应用更为普遍[1];敌百虫(Trichlorfon)作为OPs的重要成员[2],长期用于多种农业害虫的防治,但其在环境中的持久残留及潜在健康危害日益引发关注[3]。现有研究主要集中于其急性毒性,即通过抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性引起神经传递功能障碍[4-5]。然而,长期低剂量敌百虫暴露亦可产生慢性健康危害,包括诱导氧化应激、血液毒性、肝细胞凋亡及干扰血液学参数等[6]。此外,敌百虫在多动物模型中均显示多系统毒性:在家蚕中诱发铁死亡导致生长发育受损,在尼罗罗非鱼中引发氧化应激并伴随肝脏脂质蓄积[7-8]。鉴于肝脏作为药物与毒物代谢的核心器官,极易受到农药暴露的影响[9-10],长期低剂量敌百虫暴露可能与脂肪肝、糖尿病等代谢性疾病的发生发展相关。
近年来,肝脏脂肪代谢紊乱已成为全球范围内日益严重的健康问题。代谢相关脂肪性肝病(Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease,MASLD)的全球患病率已高达25%[11-12]。值得注意的是,除传统的危险因素外(如肥胖、胰岛素抵抗等),环境污染物如农药的暴露,亦被逐渐视为MASLD的重要诱因[13-14]。然而,敌百虫扰乱肝脏脂质稳态、进而可能诱发或加剧MASLD的具体分子机制,特别是其是否通过影响关键转录调控通路发挥作用,目前尚不明确。Iroquois同源盒(Irx)基因家族基因编码一类高度保守的同源结构域转录因子,在胚胎发育过程中调控细胞命运决定与组织分化中发挥核心作用。其中,IRX5是该家族的重要成员,其DNA结合结构域在脊椎动物中高度保守,提示其具有重要的生理功能[15]。已有研究发现,IRX5基因与肥胖密切相关,进一步的功能研究表明,IRX5在小鼠下丘脑中调控摄食行为及能量代谢[16-17]。本课题组研究发现,转录因子IRX5(Iroquois homeobox 5)能促进肝癌细胞侵袭迁移以及肝细胞脂质蓄积[18]。提示IRX5是肝脏脂质代谢的关键调节因子。尽管现有证据表明IRX5是肝脏脂质代谢的重要调节因子,但目前尚不清楚IRX5是否参与介导环境毒物(如有机磷农药敌百虫)所致的肝脏脂代谢紊乱。
因此,本研究使用敌百虫水溶剂对大鼠进行长期低剂量干预,重点探究敌百虫是否可能通过调控IRX5表达影响肝脏脂质代谢,并且同步构建了体外细胞模型,利用过表达IRX5(IRX5 overexpression,OE-IRX5)的人肝癌细胞系HepG2,直接验证IRX5在敌百虫诱导肝毒性通路中的功能角色。
HepG2人肝癌细胞系由贵州医科大学医学检验中心实验室保存;敌百虫;(上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司,T108160-50 mg,纯度≥99%);β-actin抗体(南京巴傲得,AP0063)、Caspase-3抗体(武汉三鹰,货号为19677-1-AP)、Bax抗体(武汉三鹰,货号为60267-1-g)及Bcl-2抗体(武汉三鹰,货号为26593-1-AP);Srebf-1抗体、Fasn抗体、Acc1抗体(武汉三鹰,货号分别为:66875-1-Ig,10624-2-AP,67373-1-Ig);IL-6抗体、IL-1b抗体(武汉三鹰,货号分别为:21865-1-AP,16806-1-AP);IRX5抗体(Bioss,bs-9469R);一步法TUNEL细胞凋亡检测试剂盒(赛维尔,G1507-50T);RIPA高效裂解液、PMSF、5 x LoadingBufer、二喹啉甲酸(BCA)试剂盒、SDS-PAGE凝胶试剂盒均购于北京索莱宝科技有限公司改良;改良油红O染色试剂盒(索莱宝,G1262);逆转录试剂盒以及TB Green Premix Ex Taq II试剂盒均购于日本Takara公司;PVDF膜及超敏、ECL超敏发光试剂购于美国Millipore公司;
30只SPF级8周龄雄性SD大鼠饲养于贵州医科大学动物中心,体质量(200±20)g,实验动物生产许可证号为SCXK(黔)2018-0001,饲养环境:温度为25~28℃、湿度为50%~70%的动物房、明暗交替12 h/12 h、分3~4只笼中饲养,每日更换垫料,自由进食进水。动物实验通过贵州医科大学动物实验伦理委员会的批准,批准编号为[NO:2304746],并且在实验过程中严格遵循3R原则。
参考前期基础及文献[19],并结合毒理学亚慢性毒性试验的设计原则,本研究参考敌百虫的急性经口LD50值,选取约为LD50的1/20(即10 mg/kg)作为低剂量组,并设置25 mg/kg为高剂量组,以确保在不引起明显急性毒性反应的前提下,能够观察到潜在的生物学效应。染毒周期设定为30天,介于典型的亚急性(2周)与亚慢性(90天)暴露之间,旨在平衡毒性表型的可检测性与实验可行性。30只雄性SD大鼠适应性饲养1周后,随机分为3组(n=10/组):对照组(每日灌胃等体积1×PBS)、低剂量组(10 mg/kg敌百虫)、高剂量组(25 mg/kg敌百虫),连续染毒30天。实验结束时,戊巴比妥钠(50 mg/kg)腹腔注射麻醉后处死,采集肝组织,部分-80 ℃保存用于蛋白提取,部分经10%中性福尔马林固定用于病理学分析。
腹主动脉采血,血液样本室温静置30 min后,4 ℃条件下3 000×g离心15 min,使用生化分析仪检测各组血清AST、ALT、TG、TC水平。
肝组织石蜡切片(4~5 μm),苏木素染色5 min,流水冲洗切片表面浮色1 min,分化液分化5~10 s,流水冲洗10 min,返蓝液返蓝30 s,伊红染色5 min,水洗5 s,85%及95%酒精脱水5 min,脱水封片后光学显微镜下观察。
石蜡切片经蛋白酶K修复(37°C,15~30 min)后,按试剂盒说明书加入TdT酶与荧光素/dUTP混合液(50 μl/切片),37°C避光孵育60 min。DAPI(1 μg/ml)复染5 min,抗淬灭封片剂封片[20],荧光显微镜下观察拍照。
石蜡切片经0.3% H2O2甲醇处理10 min,抗原修复液高压修复10 min,3% H2O2室温避光孵育10 min,5% BSA封闭30 min。加入IRX5一抗(1∶50稀释)4 ℃孵育过夜,二抗(1∶300稀释)室温孵育50 min,DAB显色,苏木素复染,光学显微镜下观察[21]。
HepG2细胞培养于含10%胎牛血清、1%青链霉素的DMEM高糖培养基中,37 ℃、5% CO2饱和湿度培养箱常规培养。IRX5过表达质粒购自广州艾基生物,按Lipo8000TM转染试剂盒说明书进行转染。
HepG2细胞接种于6孔板,分为对照组、200 μM敌百虫组、200 μM敌百虫+OE-IRX5组,处理48 h后,油红O染色10~20 min,显微镜下观察拍照,Image J软件计算阳性面积比。置于显微镜下观察拍照,Image J软件计算阳性面积比。
Trizol法提取肝组织总RNA,逆转录为cDNA。引物由上海深工公司设计合成(表1)。反应体系按说明书配制,进行qPCR扩增。本研究中各基因引物信息见表1。
取50 mg肝组织,液氮研磨,加入1 mlRIPA裂解液,冰上裂解30 min,4 ℃ 12 000×g离心15 min,收集上清。BCA法测定蛋白浓度。蛋白变性后上样,10% SDS-PAGE分离,湿转至PVDF膜经5%脱脂牛奶室温封闭2 h,一抗4 ℃孵育过夜。TBST漂洗3×10 min。HRP标记二抗室温摇床孵育2 h,TBST洗涤3×10 min。ECL检测系统进行曝光观察。
使用SWISS-MODEL构建IRX5同源模型,AutoDock Tools 1.5.7进行受体预处理,CavityPlus在线服务器预测结合口袋,AutoDock Vina 1.1.2进行对接计算,PyMOL 2.5分析分子间相互作用(氢键、疏水作用等)。
使用GraPhPad Prism 10.1.2软件进行统计分析,Image J分析Western Blot灰度值。多组间比较符合正态分布和方差齐性者采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA),检验水准α=0.05。
结果显示,敌百虫灌胃处理30天后,低、高剂量组大鼠体重分别显著降低(P<0.001、P<0.000 1),(见图1A),与对照组相比,敌百虫处理组血清ALT、AST活性及TG、TC水平均显著升高(P<0.001)(见图1B~E),表明敌百虫暴露可导致SD大鼠肝功能损伤且破坏脂质代谢稳态。
H&E染色结果显示,与对照组相比较,敌百虫组大鼠肝细胞排列紊乱,部分细胞坏死,坏死区有炎性细胞浸润,肝细胞中产生空泡,实质内也有局灶性单核细胞聚集(见图2)。
RT-qPCR和Western Blot检测结果显示,与对照组相比,敌百虫组IL-1b、IL-6的mRNA及蛋白表达水平均显著升高(P<0.01)(见图3);表明敌百虫暴露可诱导SD大鼠肝脏炎症反应。
TUNEL染色显示敌百虫组肝细胞凋亡率增加(见图4A)。RT-qPCR和Western Blot检测结果显示,敌百虫组Bax表达上调及Bc1-2表达下调(P<0.05),Caspase-3表达无明显变化(P>0.05)(见图4B~E);提示敌百虫促进大鼠肝细胞凋亡。
RT-qPCR结果显示,与对照组相比,敌百虫低剂量组Fasn表达水平无明显变化(P>0.05),敌百虫高剂量组Fasn表达升高(P<0.05);与对照组相比,敌百虫组Acc1、Srebf-1表达升高(P<0.001)(见图5A)。Western Blot结果显示,敌百虫各干预组Fasn、Acc1、Srebf-1蛋白表达均上升(P<0.01)(见图5B);表明敌百虫可剂量依赖性地促进肝脏脂肪酸合成关键分子表达,影响脂质稳态。
免疫组化染色显示,敌百虫组肝脏IRX5表达较对照组降低(图6A),RT-qPCR和Western Blot检测结果一致表明,敌百虫低、高剂量组IRX5 mRNA及蛋白表达分别下调(P<0.01)(见图6B~D),提示敌百虫暴露可显著抑制大鼠肝脏IRX5表达。
分子对接结果显示,敌百虫(CID:5853)可稳定嵌入IRX5蛋白结合口袋,结合自由能为-7.43 kcal/mol,提示结合过程具有热力学自发性(图7)。敌百虫与多个氨基酸残基(ASN166、ARG170、TRP163等)形成相互作用网络(距离<4.0 Å),其中3个关键氢键对定向结合起主导作用:O4-ASN166(3.04 Å)、O3-ARG170(2.85 Å)、O1-TRP163(3.25 Å)。此外,ALA120、LEU171等疏水残基及THR125、ASN119等极性残基分别通过疏水作用和偶极-偶极相互作用增强复合物稳定性。上述结果表明,敌百虫可通过多种非共价相互作用稳固结合于IRX5活性口袋,可能干扰其构象稳定性或转录功能。
CCK-8实验确定200 μM浓度敌百虫处理HepG2细胞48 h为亚毒性浓度(见图8A)。油红O染色显示,200 μM敌百虫组细胞内出现大量脂滴,200 μM敌百虫+OE-IRX5组中脂滴显著减少(P<0.001)(见图8B)。CCK-8实验证实,过表达IRX5可部分逆转敌百虫引起的细胞活力下降(见图8C)。Western blotting结果表明,200 μM敌百虫组组IRX5蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05),Fasn、Acc1、Srebf-1的表达显著上升(P<0.01),过表达IRX5后,Fasn、Acc1、Srebf-1的表达下降(P<0.01)(见图8D),上述结果证实,敌百虫可通过下调IRX5诱导肝细胞脂质蓄积,而过表达IRX5可逆转这一效应。
常用农业杀菌剂可通过改变肠道微生物组成并破坏肠道屏障完整性,诱发小鼠肝脏脂质蓄积与炎症反应[22]。揭示了农药通过肠-肝轴诱导肝损伤的潜在机制。农药暴露是MASLD的重要环境诱因之一,其中有机磷农药对肝脏脂质代谢的干扰作用日益受到关注[23-24]。此类化学物质可通过损伤线粒体功能和增加活性氧产生,导致肝细胞脂质代谢异常[25]。然而,无论是氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍还是肠-肝轴通讯紊乱,这些上游扰动最终均需通过改变细胞核内基因表达程序,才能实现对脂质代谢通路的长期重编程。在此过程中,转录因子(Transcription Factors,TFs)为感知内外信号并直接调控基因转录的“分子枢纽”,在此过程中起关键作用。但目前关于有机磷农药暴露如何通过调控转录因子干预肝脏脂肪代谢的研究仍十分有限。
转录因子在环境毒物介导的代谢紊乱中发挥着关键作用。例如,Geng[26]等发现,IRX5与YWHAB的启动子区域结合并调节其表达,抑制了乳腺癌细胞的迁移和侵袭;Hu[27]等发现,发现肝巨噬细胞Atf3缺失促进视黄醇结合蛋白4分泌,通过STRA6激活肝细胞Srebf-1依赖的脂质合成通路。以上研究表明,关键转录因子的表达或功能变化可引发特定病理表型。
本研究首次将转录因子IRX5与有机磷农药的肝毒性联系起来。体内外实验均显示,敌百虫处理后肝脏及肝细胞中IRX5的mRNA和蛋白水平显著下调,伴随脂质合成基因上调及脂质蓄积。分子对接结果显示,敌百虫分子能够以中等结合亲和力(-7.43 kcal/mol)嵌入IRX5蛋白推测的DNA结合结构域附近。尽管分子对接仅为计算模拟,但它为“敌百虫可能直接或间接干扰IRX5蛋白功能”这一假说提供了结构生物学的初步依据。我们推测敌百虫可能通过空间位阻或构象变化削弱IRX5的DNA结合能力,损害其转录调控活性,最终导致下游脂代谢通路失调。此机制或构成连接农药暴露与代谢性肝病的重要分子桥梁。
本研究仍存在一定局限:剂量设计参考急性LD50数据,选取约1/20 LD50作为低剂量,染毒周期30天,旨在较短时间内建立毒性表型以探索敌百虫与IRX5的关联。未来可进一步在原代肝细胞中验证敌百虫对IRX5表达的调控机制,通过基因编辑技术构建IRX5敲除或过表达的转基因小鼠模型,明确IRX5在敌百虫诱导肝损伤和脂质代谢紊乱中的特异性作用。同时结合ChIP-seq与转录组学等多组学技术,系统解析敌百虫暴露下IRX5的全基因组结合谱及下游调控网络。综上所述,本研究首次揭示IRX5在农药毒性中的作用,拓展了其生物学功能认知,为阐明敌百虫致肝脏脂质代谢紊乱的分子机制提供了重要依据。
  • 贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2024]一般186)
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2026年第53卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512491
  • 接收时间:2025-12-29
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-29
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贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2024]一般186)
作者信息
    1.贵州医科大学附属医院,临床检验中心,贵州 贵阳 550004
    2.贵州医科大学附属医院,贵州省产前诊断中心
    3.贵州医科大学,医学检验学院
    4.贵州医科大学附属医院病理科

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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