Article(id=1324044608598057846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044540067328424, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501274, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736870400000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793606434249, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1777046400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793606434249, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793606434249, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793606434249, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324044540067328424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777046400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793606417910, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793606417910, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1417, endPage=1422, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324044608900047735, articleId=1324044608598057846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Intergenerational transmission of adversity beliefs and its impact on adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the adversity beliefs of adolescents and their parents, and to explore the impact of parental adversity beliefs on adolescents' adversity beliefs and non-suicidal self-injury.

Methods

Data were derived from the fourth round of the Chengdu Children's Positive Development Cohort. Adversity Beliefs Scale and Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory were used for on-site surveys to collect 4 994 valid paired samples of adolescents aged 8-19 and their parents. Differences in adversity beliefs between adolescents and their parents were analyzed, and the mediating role of adolescents' adversity beliefs under the moderation of parents' educational level was tested using SPSS PROCESS.

Results

(1) The detection rate of NSSI among adolescents was 22.33%, and there are differences in the incidence of NSSI among adolescents under different demographic characteristics; (2) Parental adversity beliefs (r=-0.168, P<0.01) and adolescents' adversity beliefs (r=-0.329, P<0.01) were negatively correlated with NSSI behavior, while parental adversity beliefs were positively correlated with adolescents' adversity beliefs (r=0.293, P<0.01); (3) Adolescents' adversity beliefs played a partial mediating role in the impact of parental adversity beliefs on NSSI behavior, accounting for 52.76% of the total effect; (4) The parents' education level significantly moderates the effect of their adversity beliefs on adolescents' adversity beliefs (β=-0.064, P<0.01).

Conclusion

Adversity beliefs have an intergenerational transmission effect. Parental adversity beliefs influence adolescents' NSSI behavior through intergenerational transmission. Targeted measures can be implemented from the perspective of intergenerational relationships to reduce the occurrence of adolescents' NSSI behavior.

, authors=Shi-wei MEI1, Lin-lin FAN1, Ze-wei FAN1, Zhen-zhao LI1, Zi-gang ZHANG1, Wan-jie TANG2, Li ZHAO1, authorsList=Shi-wei MEI, Lin-lin FAN, Ze-wei FAN, Zhen-zhao LI, Zi-gang ZHANG, Wan-jie TANG, Li ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Li ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324044609495638906, articleId=1324044608598057846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=逆境信念的代际传递及其对青少年非自杀性自伤的影响, columnId=1228016570031604578, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=儿少卫生与妇幼保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解青少年及其父母逆境信念状况,探究父母逆境信念对青少年逆境信念和非自杀性自伤(Non-suicidal Self-injury,NSSI)的影响。

方法

数据来源于第四轮成都儿童正向成长队列,采用逆境信念量表和蓄意自伤量表进行现场调查,收集8~19岁青少年及其父母有效配对样本4 994个,分析青少年及其父母逆境信念差异,使用SPSS PROCESS检验父母受教育水平调节下青少年逆境信念的中介作用。

结果

(1)青少年NSSI检出率为22.33%,不同人口统计学特征下青少年NSSI发生率存在差异;(2)父母逆境信念(r=-0.168,P<0.01)、青少年逆境信念(r=-0.329,P<0.01)与非自杀性自伤行为得分呈负相关;父母逆境信念与青少年逆境信念呈正相关(r=0.293,P<0.01);(3)青少年逆境信念在父母逆境信念对非自杀性自伤行为影响中起到部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应52.76%;(4)父母受教育水平显著调节父母逆境信念对青少年逆境信念的影响(β=-0.064,P<0.01)。

结论

逆境信念具有代际传递效应,父母逆境信念通过代际传递影响青少年NSSI,可从代际关系角度实行针对性措施,减少青少年NSSI发生。

, authors=梅士伟1, 范琳林1, 范泽炜1, 李振朝1, 张子港1, 汤万杰2, 赵莉1, authorsList=梅士伟, 范琳林, 范泽炜, 李振朝, 张子港, 汤万杰, 赵莉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵莉, authorNote=

梅士伟(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:健康促进、爱国卫生运动

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赵莉,E-mail:
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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of adverse childhood experiences on sleep quality in drug addicts: the role of resilience, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324044617431262140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608598057846, awardId=0701-2440111300220, language=CN, fundingSource=《四川省爱国卫生与健康促进条例》研究项目(0701-2440111300220), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324044617523536829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608598057846, awardId=19H0642, language=CN, fundingSource=青少年正面成长纵向研究项目(19H0642), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324044609738908539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608598057846, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044609747297148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608598057846, companyId=1324044609738908539, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Health Policay and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan university, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044609755685757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608598057846, companyId=1324044609738908539, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 卫生政策与管理学系,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324044609818600318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608598057846, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044609826988927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608598057846, companyId=1324044609818600318, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324044614071624620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608598057846, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=A relationship model of parents' belief, adolescent adversity belief, parents' education, and NSSI, figureFileSmall=BTp4eRn82mJQf85LBvq+0A==, figureFileBig=C8RruQIYPzI1OF5ovKkdPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044614155510701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608598057846, language=CN, label=图1, caption=父母逆境信念、青少年逆境信念、父母受教育水平与NSSI的关系模型, figureFileSmall=BTp4eRn82mJQf85LBvq+0A==, figureFileBig=C8RruQIYPzI1OF5ovKkdPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044614390391726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608598057846, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Incidence of NSSI in adolescents with different demographic characteristics (n=4 994)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总体(%)发生率(%)χ2/F值P值变量总体(%)发生率(%)χ2/F值P值
性别2.8460.092户籍地0.4790.489
男2 579(51.64)551(21.36)城镇3 575(71.59)789(22.07)
女2 415(48.36)564(23.35)农村1 419(28.41)326(22.97)
父亲/母亲1.6840.194家庭子女数20.813<0.001
父亲1 768(35.40)413(23.36)11 790(35.84)389(21.73)
母亲3 226(64.60)702(21.76)22 944(58.95)641(21.77)
年龄(岁)35.319<0.0013230(4.61)71(30.87)
8~112 384(47.74)505(21.18)430(0.60)14(46.67)
12~152 438(48.82)563(23.09)父母受教育水平51.991<0.001
16~19172(3.44)47(27.33)小学及以下374(7.49)125(33.42)
家庭收入16.188<0.001初中1 705(34.14)389(22.82)
最低25%组1 471(29.46)379(25.76)高中1 639(32.82)376(22.94)
中低25%组1 043(20.89)208(19.94)大学1 231(24.65)209(16.98)
中高25%组1 270(25.43)259(20.39)硕士及以上45(0.90)16(35.56)
最高25%组1 210(24.23)269(22.23)
), ArticleFig(id=1324044614486860719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608598057846, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同人口统计学特征下青少年NSSI发生率(n=4 994)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总体(%)发生率(%)χ2/F值P值变量总体(%)发生率(%)χ2/F值P值
性别2.8460.092户籍地0.4790.489
男2 579(51.64)551(21.36)城镇3 575(71.59)789(22.07)
女2 415(48.36)564(23.35)农村1 419(28.41)326(22.97)
父亲/母亲1.6840.194家庭子女数20.813<0.001
父亲1 768(35.40)413(23.36)11 790(35.84)389(21.73)
母亲3 226(64.60)702(21.76)22 944(58.95)641(21.77)
年龄(岁)35.319<0.0013230(4.61)71(30.87)
8~112 384(47.74)505(21.18)430(0.60)14(46.67)
12~152 438(48.82)563(23.09)父母受教育水平51.991<0.001
16~19172(3.44)47(27.33)小学及以下374(7.49)125(33.42)
家庭收入16.188<0.001初中1 705(34.14)389(22.82)
最低25%组1 471(29.46)379(25.76)高中1 639(32.82)376(22.94)
中低25%组1 043(20.89)208(19.94)大学1 231(24.65)209(16.98)
中高25%组1 270(25.43)259(20.39)硕士及以上45(0.90)16(35.56)
最高25%组1 210(24.23)269(22.23)
), ArticleFig(id=1324044616214913968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608598057846, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of adversity belief scores between NSSI and non-NSSI groups for parents and adolescents (n=4 994)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
非NSSI组(n=3 879)NSSI组(n=1 115)P值
青少年逆境信念5.38±0.664.79±0.94<0.001
父母逆境信念5.39±0.565.10±0.84<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324044616328160177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608598057846, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

NSSI组和非NSSI组父母和青少年逆境信念得分比较(n=4 994)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
非NSSI组(n=3 879)NSSI组(n=1 115)P值
青少年逆境信念5.38±0.664.79±0.94<0.001
父母逆境信念5.39±0.565.10±0.84<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324044616420434866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608598057846, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation analysis results of parental adversity beliefs, adolescent adversity beliefs, and NSSI (n=4 994)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量均值标准差r
NSSI青少年逆境信念父母逆境信念
NSSI0.591.451.000
青少年逆境信念5.250.77-0.329a1.000
父母逆境信念5.330.65-0.168a0.293a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1324044616508515251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608598057846, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

父母逆境信念、青少年逆境信念和NSSI的相关性分析结果(n=4 994)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量均值标准差r
NSSI青少年逆境信念父母逆境信念
NSSI0.591.451.000
青少年逆境信念5.250.77-0.329a1.000
父母逆境信念5.330.65-0.168a0.293a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1324044616600789940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608598057846, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Testing and effect analysis of adolescent adversity belief mediational model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量预测变量βtP值R2F值
青少年逆境信念0.09968.787
性别-0.009-0.439
年龄-0.020-1.644
家庭子女数-0.009-0.616
父亲/母亲0.0231.516
家庭收入0.0412.547<0.05
户籍地-0.012-0.503
父母逆境信念0.28020.443<0.001
NSSI0.11572.046
性别0.0090.846
年龄0.0070.399
家庭子女数0.0140.438
父亲/母亲-0.007-0.477
家庭收入0.0110.476
户籍地-0.014-0.795
父母逆境信念-0.083-5.380<0.001
青少年逆境信念-0.304-21.597<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324044616705647541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608598057846, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

青少年逆境信念的中介模型检验和效应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量预测变量βtP值R2F值
青少年逆境信念0.09968.787
性别-0.009-0.439
年龄-0.020-1.644
家庭子女数-0.009-0.616
父亲/母亲0.0231.516
家庭收入0.0412.547<0.05
户籍地-0.012-0.503
父母逆境信念0.28020.443<0.001
NSSI0.11572.046
性别0.0090.846
年龄0.0070.399
家庭子女数0.0140.438
父亲/母亲-0.007-0.477
家庭收入0.0110.476
户籍地-0.014-0.795
父母逆境信念-0.083-5.380<0.001
青少年逆境信念-0.304-21.597<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324044616797922230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608598057846, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Analysis of the mediating effect of adolescent adversity belief on parents' belief in adversity and NSSI

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径标准化效应效应值标准误(SE)效应比(%)95%置信区间(CI)
直接效应-0.075 3-0.018 90.003 547.24-0.025 8,-0.012 0
间接效应-0.084 1-0.021 10.001 852.76-0.024 9,-0.017 6
总效应-0.159 4-0.040 00.003 5100.00-0.046 9,-0.033 1
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青少年逆境信念对父母逆境信念和青少年非自杀性自伤行为的中介效应分析

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路径标准化效应效应值标准误(SE)效应比(%)95%置信区间(CI)
直接效应-0.075 3-0.018 90.003 547.24-0.025 8,-0.012 0
间接效应-0.084 1-0.021 10.001 852.76-0.024 9,-0.017 6
总效应-0.159 4-0.040 00.003 5100.00-0.046 9,-0.033 1
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Moderating mediation model tests and effect sizes

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因变量预测变量βtP值R2F值
青少年逆境信念0.10262.897
性别-0.009-0.443
年龄-0.009-1.709
家庭子女数-0.010-0.541
父亲/母亲0.0361.630
家庭收入0.0242.512
户籍地-0.011-0.450
父母逆境信念0.49510.652<0.01
父母受教育水平0.0715.777<0.01
父母逆境信念*父母受教育水平-0.064-3.783<0.01
NSSI0.11659.349
性别0.0040.859
年龄0.0010.405
家庭子女数0.0020.415
父亲/母亲-0.002-0.537
家庭收入0.0010.501
户籍地-0.004-0.793
父母逆境信念-0.023-2.251<0.05
青少年逆境信念-0.079-8.789<0.01
父母受教育水平-0.005-2.101<0.05
父母逆境信念*父母受教育水平0.0020.4840.63
青少年逆境信念*父母受教育水平0.0561.7790.07
), ArticleFig(id=1324044617066357689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608598057846, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

有调节作用的中介模型检验和效应值

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因变量预测变量βtP值R2F值
青少年逆境信念0.10262.897
性别-0.009-0.443
年龄-0.009-1.709
家庭子女数-0.010-0.541
父亲/母亲0.0361.630
家庭收入0.0242.512
户籍地-0.011-0.450
父母逆境信念0.49510.652<0.01
父母受教育水平0.0715.777<0.01
父母逆境信念*父母受教育水平-0.064-3.783<0.01
NSSI0.11659.349
性别0.0040.859
年龄0.0010.405
家庭子女数0.0020.415
父亲/母亲-0.002-0.537
家庭收入0.0010.501
户籍地-0.004-0.793
父母逆境信念-0.023-2.251<0.05
青少年逆境信念-0.079-8.789<0.01
父母受教育水平-0.005-2.101<0.05
父母逆境信念*父母受教育水平0.0020.4840.63
青少年逆境信念*父母受教育水平0.0561.7790.07
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Mediated effect values of adolescent adversity belief for different levels of parents' education

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中介变量父母受教育水平效应值标准误(SE)95%置信区间(CI)
青少年逆境信念高水平-0.015 00.002 3-0.019 7,-0.010 6
低水平-0.026 10.002 7-0.031 3,-0.020 8
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父母受教育水平调节下青少年逆境信念的中介效应值

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中介变量父母受教育水平效应值标准误(SE)95%置信区间(CI)
青少年逆境信念高水平-0.015 00.002 3-0.019 7,-0.010 6
低水平-0.026 10.002 7-0.031 3,-0.020 8
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逆境信念的代际传递及其对青少年非自杀性自伤的影响
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梅士伟 1 , 范琳林 1 , 范泽炜 1 , 李振朝 1 , 张子港 1 , 汤万杰 2 , 赵莉 1
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026,53(8): 1417-1422
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现代预防医学 |儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026 , 53 (8) : 1417 -1422
逆境信念的代际传递及其对青少年非自杀性自伤的影响
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梅士伟1, 范琳林1, 范泽炜1, 李振朝1, 张子港1, 汤万杰2, 赵莉1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 卫生政策与管理学系,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系
通讯作者:
赵莉,E-mail:
作者简介:

梅士伟(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:健康促进、爱国卫生运动

Intergenerational transmission of adversity beliefs and its impact on adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury
Shi-wei MEI1, Lin-lin FAN1, Ze-wei FAN1, Zhen-zhao LI1, Zi-gang ZHANG1, Wan-jie TANG2, Li ZHAO1
Affiliations
  • Department of Health Policay and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan university, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2026-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501274
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目的

了解青少年及其父母逆境信念状况,探究父母逆境信念对青少年逆境信念和非自杀性自伤(Non-suicidal Self-injury,NSSI)的影响。

方法

数据来源于第四轮成都儿童正向成长队列,采用逆境信念量表和蓄意自伤量表进行现场调查,收集8~19岁青少年及其父母有效配对样本4 994个,分析青少年及其父母逆境信念差异,使用SPSS PROCESS检验父母受教育水平调节下青少年逆境信念的中介作用。

结果

(1)青少年NSSI检出率为22.33%,不同人口统计学特征下青少年NSSI发生率存在差异;(2)父母逆境信念(r=-0.168,P<0.01)、青少年逆境信念(r=-0.329,P<0.01)与非自杀性自伤行为得分呈负相关;父母逆境信念与青少年逆境信念呈正相关(r=0.293,P<0.01);(3)青少年逆境信念在父母逆境信念对非自杀性自伤行为影响中起到部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应52.76%;(4)父母受教育水平显著调节父母逆境信念对青少年逆境信念的影响(β=-0.064,P<0.01)。

结论

逆境信念具有代际传递效应,父母逆境信念通过代际传递影响青少年NSSI,可从代际关系角度实行针对性措施,减少青少年NSSI发生。

逆境信念  /  代际传递  /  非自杀性自伤  /  青少年
Objective

To understand the adversity beliefs of adolescents and their parents, and to explore the impact of parental adversity beliefs on adolescents' adversity beliefs and non-suicidal self-injury.

Methods

Data were derived from the fourth round of the Chengdu Children's Positive Development Cohort. Adversity Beliefs Scale and Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory were used for on-site surveys to collect 4 994 valid paired samples of adolescents aged 8-19 and their parents. Differences in adversity beliefs between adolescents and their parents were analyzed, and the mediating role of adolescents' adversity beliefs under the moderation of parents' educational level was tested using SPSS PROCESS.

Results

(1) The detection rate of NSSI among adolescents was 22.33%, and there are differences in the incidence of NSSI among adolescents under different demographic characteristics; (2) Parental adversity beliefs (r=-0.168, P<0.01) and adolescents' adversity beliefs (r=-0.329, P<0.01) were negatively correlated with NSSI behavior, while parental adversity beliefs were positively correlated with adolescents' adversity beliefs (r=0.293, P<0.01); (3) Adolescents' adversity beliefs played a partial mediating role in the impact of parental adversity beliefs on NSSI behavior, accounting for 52.76% of the total effect; (4) The parents' education level significantly moderates the effect of their adversity beliefs on adolescents' adversity beliefs (β=-0.064, P<0.01).

Conclusion

Adversity beliefs have an intergenerational transmission effect. Parental adversity beliefs influence adolescents' NSSI behavior through intergenerational transmission. Targeted measures can be implemented from the perspective of intergenerational relationships to reduce the occurrence of adolescents' NSSI behavior.

Adversity beliefs  /  Intergenerational transmission  /  Nonsuicidal self-injury  /  Adolescents
梅士伟, 范琳林, 范泽炜, 李振朝, 张子港, 汤万杰, 赵莉. 逆境信念的代际传递及其对青少年非自杀性自伤的影响. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (8) : 1417 -1422 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501274
Shi-wei MEI, Lin-lin FAN, Ze-wei FAN, Zhen-zhao LI, Zi-gang ZHANG, Wan-jie TANG, Li ZHAO. Intergenerational transmission of adversity beliefs and its impact on adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (8) : 1417 -1422 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501274
逆境信念是指个体关于逆境本质的认识,包括逆境产生的原因、结果以及合理的应对行为等[1]。积极的逆境信念能够对青少年的个体发展起到促进作用,逆境信念受到家庭环境和社会文化背景影响[2]。非自杀性自伤行为是指个体故意伤害自己身体,但不以死亡为目的的行为[3-4]。目前我国青少年NSSI呈现出检出率高、危害性大、重复性强的特点,属于重要公共卫生问题[5]。研究表明,青少年逆境信念等个人特质和家庭等社会因素对于NSSI的持续和停止具有预测作用[6]。代际传递是指父母或上一代的某些特征、行为或态度通过各种途径传递给下一代,大量研究表明父母和孩子间会发生代际传递现象,心理特征和行为模式在家庭中会进行传递,父母的逆境信念可能通过模仿、社会化等途径影响子女[7-9]。父母因素作为家庭功能的重要组成部分,能够提升个体在逆境下良好适应乃至获得充分发展的能力。本研究关注逆境信念在父母和青少年中的代际传递状况以及逆境信念对NSSI的预测作用,为青少年NSSI干预提供新视角。
研究数据来源于第四轮成都儿童正向成长队列(Chengdu Positive Child Development,CPCD)。采取多阶段随机整群抽样方法:第一阶段,按照经济发展水平将成都市各区县划分为高、中、低三层;第二阶段,在各层级随机抽取1~2所中小学;第三阶段,于抽中学校的全部年级中筛选符合年龄范围(8~19岁)的学生;第四阶段,将所抽取年级的全部学生及其家长列为调查对象。共纳入5 325对青少年及其家长样本。以缺失率20%为阈值剔除存在数据缺失的样本后,最终获得有效样本4 994对,样本有效率93.78%。该调查已获得医学伦理委员会批准(批准号:K2020025)、学校许可、所调查学生及其父母的知情同意。
人口学特征包括性别、年龄、家庭子女数、城乡户籍、父母文化程度和家庭收入等信息。
采用Shek等人编制的中国人逆境信念量表(BAAS)进行青少年逆境信念的测量[10]。量表主要包括9个条目,采用六点式计分法,设置从“非常不同意”到“非常同意”的六个选项,依次计1~6分,对于其中两个消极信念项目进行反向记分。总分越高,代表调查对象的逆境信念越强。该量表已经多次应用于中国青少年逆境信念相关研究[11-12],在本研究测量青少年逆境信念中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.778。
采取相同逆境信念量表对父母逆境信念进行测量,确保测量一致性。在本研究测量父母逆境信念中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.750。
采用蓄意自伤量表(NSSI)对青少年NSSI进行评估[13],其中包括“是否故意割伤自己身体部位”等9个条目,设置“从来没有”“1次”“2次”“3次及以上”四个选项,该条目出现NSSI行为记为1分,没有过NSSI行为记0分。NSSI整体得分按照条目累加进行计算,整体得分范围为0~9分。本次调查样本的Cronbach α系数为0.853。
所有统计分析均采用SPSS 26.0统计软件完成,检验水准设定为α=0.05。采用卡方检验比较不同人口统计学特征组别间青少年NSSI的发生率差异;采用Pearson相关分析探究父母、青少年逆境信念和NSSI得分间的相关性。在控制人口统计学特征混杂影响后,运用PROCESS组件中的Model 4检验青少年逆境信念在父母逆境信念与青少年NSSI间的中介作用;运用Model 59进一步检验在父母受教育水平的调节作用下,青少年逆境信念的中介效应,以此探究逆境信念的代际传递机制及其对青少年NSSI的影响路径。
本研究中NSSI的总体检出率为22.33%,NSSI组和非NSSI组在青少年年龄、家庭收入、家庭子女数和父母受教育水平方面的差异具有统计学意义。见表1。
NSSI组的父母和青少年逆境信念平均得分均低于非NSSI组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。同时非NSSI组的父母和青少年逆境信念得分差异不大,但是NSSI组的青少年逆境信念得分(4.79±0.94)明显低于父母逆境信念(5.10±0.84),体现青少年逆境信念波动相对较大。见表2。
父母逆境信念得分和NSSI呈现负相关(r=-0.168,P<0.01),即父母逆境信念得分越高,NSSI得分越低;青少年逆境信念得分和NSSI呈现负相关(r=-0.329,P<0.01);父母逆境信念得分和青少年逆境信念呈现正相关(r=0.293,P<0.01)。见表3。
在控制青少年性别、年龄等因素的情况下,父母逆境信念对于青少年NSSI的负向预测作用显著(β=-0.083,P<0.001)。父母逆境信念对于青少年逆境信念的正向预测作用显著(β=0.280,P<0.001),青少年逆境信念对于青少年NSSI的负向预测作用显著(β=-0.304,P<0.001)。见表4。中介模型检验结果表明,青少年逆境信念的中介作用显著,间接效应为-0.084 1(95%CI:-0.024 9,-0.017 6),占总效应的52.76%。见表5。
在控制青少年性别、年龄等人口学因素的情况下,将父母受教育水平加入中介模型后,父母逆境信念和父母受教育水平的乘积项对青少年逆境信念的负向预测作用显著(β=-0.064,P<0.01),说明父母受教育水平对于逆境信念的代际传递起调节作用。负向调节作用表明,父母受教育水平越高,其逆境信念对子女信念的正向传递作用越弱。见表6、7。在逆境信念的代际传递方面,当父母逆境信念处于较高水平时,青少年逆境信念也随之增加。其余路径,包括父母受教育水平对“父母逆境信念→青少年NSSI”和“青少年逆境信念→青少年NSSI”关系的调节作用,均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。
本研究中,青少年NSSI检出率为22.33%,与国内同类研究结果基本一致[6]。不同人口统计学特征下青少年NSSI发生率呈现出差异性。就性别而言,女生报告率虽略高于男生,但差异未达显著水平,在本样本中并非是导致NSSI风险分化的主要因素[14]。有关研究表明,大部分青少年NSSI首次发生在12~15岁的年龄段,在16~18岁以后发生率呈现下降趋势[3],这一特征与本研究中观察到的结果大致相符:青少年NSSI的发生率随年龄呈现出逐步上升的趋势。家庭子女数越多(4孩家庭发生率46.67%)、父母受教育水平较低(小学及以下组发生率33.42%)的青少年,NSSI风险更高。此外,父母受教育水平最高组(硕士及以上组发生率35.56%)NSSI发生率较高,可能与该组样本量较小(n=45)有关,也可能反映高学历家庭中存在的独特压力因素。但整体趋势上,NSSI发生率随父母教育水平上升呈下降趋势,支持父母教育水平作为NSSI保护因素的总体结论。抚养孩子数量较多和父母受教育水平更低的家庭,父母的抚养压力会更大,表露出的消极情绪对自己和伴侣的逆境信念带来负面影响[15]。消极情绪的传导会带来青少年NSSI风险的增加。
本研究发现逆境信念在代际间存在传递效应,这与价值观代际传递的连续性特征相符[16]。家庭作为信念传递的核心场域,父母通过日常互动、情感联结及行为示范,将自身对逆境的认知传递给青少年,进而影响其心理适应模式[17-18]。作为价值观的重要组成部分,逆境信念与所经历的社会文化体系直接关联。不同社会文化背景对于逆境理解和应对方式的差异会通过家庭教育等方式进行代际传递,影响着青少年对逆境的认知和应对策略[19-20]。研究表明,父母受教育水平对于逆境信念的代际传递具有显著的负向调节作用。在受教育水平较低的家庭中,父母的逆境信念更容易直接、强烈地传递给下一代,受教育水平更高的父母可能拥有更丰富的认知资源和教育资本,他们倾向于采用更加民主和引导式的教养方式,鼓励孩子进行独立思考和批判性思维,从而带来传递效应的减弱[21-22]。
中介效应分析显示青少年逆境信念在父母逆境信念与NSSI间发挥部分中介作用,间接效应占总效应的52.76%,且青少年逆境信念与NSSI的负相关(r=-0.329,P<0.01)强于父母逆境信念与NSSI的关联(r=-0.168,P<0.01),提示青少年自身逆境信念是影响其NSSI的关键保护因素。依据积极青少年发展理论,父母积极的逆境信念可通过优化家庭功能,为青少年提供情感支持,促进其形成强逆境信念[23];而强逆境信念能帮助青少年理性认知逆境、选择适宜应对策略,减少通过自伤缓解心理压力的行为,这也解释了NSSI组青少年及其父母逆境信念得分均显著低于非NSSI组的结果[24-25]。本研究发现父母受教育水平在逆境信念的代际传递中扮演了关键的调节角色,但其对NSSI的保护作用并非通过调节信念到行为的路径直接实现。这一发现强调了在关注家庭背景的同时,还应将干预的焦点对准青少年自身的认知信念系统。
基于本研究,在关注全面健康素养、推动青少年积极发展的时代背景下,必须关注青少年逆境信念等心理状况的特征和变化走向,发挥家庭功能和价值传递对于青少年的影响。一方面要引入家庭视角,持续加强家风建设和家庭教育指导,强化对父母教育的跟进;另一方面推进家校协同,挖掘包括父母逆境信念在内的家庭资源,为加强青少年素养提供支持;同时重点关注存在家庭功能障碍的家庭,对于存在经济状况较差、父母受教育水平较低等劣势因素的家庭应加强学校教育、社会帮扶的倾斜程度,为青少年建立有力的社会支持网络。
本研究局限性在于缺少对于逆境信念代际传递具体机制的进一步探讨,选取的队列横断面数据尚不能明确相关因果关系,未来将纳入纵向数据进一步分析潜在的因果关联,同时还存在部分效应无法通过中介模型进行解释明确,需要进一步开展后续研究进行补充,以减少青少年非自杀性自伤行为的发生。
  • 《四川省爱国卫生与健康促进条例》研究项目(0701-2440111300220)
  • 青少年正面成长纵向研究项目(19H0642)
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2026年第53卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501274
  • 接收时间:2025-01-15
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-15
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《四川省爱国卫生与健康促进条例》研究项目(0701-2440111300220)
青少年正面成长纵向研究项目(19H0642)
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    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 卫生政策与管理学系,四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系

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