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Article(id=1324044608258323314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044540067328424, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509454, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1758816000000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793606434168, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1777046400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793606434168, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793606434168, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793606434168, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324044540067328424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777046400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793606417910, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793606417910, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1423, endPage=1427, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324044608484815731, articleId=1324044608258323314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of the status of elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents aged 6-17, Fujian, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and its associated factors among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in Fujian Province.

Methods

Data were derived from the 2022 Fujian Provincial Project of the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance. A total of 1 722 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years were selected using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires, physical measurements, and laboratory tests. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of elevated blood pressure.

Results

The detection rates of prehypertension and elevated blood pressure were 11.4% and 11.0%, respectively. Among the types of elevated blood pressure, the detection rates for isolated systolic hypertension, mixed hypertension, and isolated diastolic hypertension are 4.9%, 3.7%, and 2.4%, respectively, with isolated systolic hypertension being the most prevalent. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents included overweight (OR=2.147, 95%CI: 1.435-3.212), obesity (OR=2.688, 95%CI: 1.757-4.112), hypertriglyceridemia (OR=1.554, 95%CI: 1.029-2.346), and vitamin D deficiency (OR=1.777, 95%CI: 1.037-3.047).

Conclusion

Elevated blood pressure is relatively common among children and adolescents in Fujian Province, with isolated systolic elevation being the predominant pattern. Its occurrence is significantly associated with overweight/obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and vitamin D deficiency. A comprehensive prevention and control strategy is recommended that centers on weight management, while also addressing lipid metabolism and vitamin D nutritional status, thereby providing a scientific basis for the early prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

, authors=Li-jun YANG, Yang-fan LI, Zheng HUANG, authorsList=Li-jun YANG, Yang-fan LI, Zheng HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Li-jun YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324044608782611316, articleId=1324044608258323314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=福建省6~17岁儿童青少年血压偏高现状分析, columnId=1228016570031604578, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=儿少卫生与妇幼保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析福建省6~17岁儿童青少年血压偏高的流行现状并探讨其相关影响因素。

方法

数据来源于2022年中国居民营养与健康状况监测福建省项目。采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，抽取1 722名6~17岁儿童青少年。通过标准化问卷调查、体格测量和实验室检测收集数据。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析血压偏高的影响因素。

结果

调查对象中血压偏高前期与血压偏高的检出率分别为11.4%和11.0%。在血压偏高类型中，单纯收缩压偏高、混合性血压偏高以及单纯舒张压偏高的检出率分别为4.9%、3.7%和2.4%，其中单纯收缩压偏高最为常见。多因素logistic回归分析显示，儿童青少年血压偏高的独立危险因素包括：超重（OR=2.147，95%CI：1.435~3.212）、肥胖（OR=2.688，95%CI：1.757~4.112）、高甘油三酯血症（OR=1.554，95%CI：1.029~2.346）及维生素D缺乏（OR=1.777，95%CI：1.037~3.047）。

结论

福建省儿童青少年血压偏高问题较为普遍，且以单纯收缩压升高为主要表现，其发生与超重/肥胖、高甘油三酯血症及维生素D缺乏显著相关。建议采取综合防控策略，将体重管理作为核心，同时关注血脂代谢与维生素D营养状况，为心血管疾病的早期预防提供科学依据。

, authors=阳丽君, 李扬帆, 黄峥, authorsList=阳丽君, 李扬帆, 黄峥, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=阳丽君, authorNote=

阳丽君（1982—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：慢性病与营养

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阳丽君，E-mail：
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阳丽君（1982—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：慢性病与营养

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Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases: NMCD, 2024, 34(11): 2579-2588., articleTitle=Association between vitamin D and cardiovascular health in Chinese children and adolescents: Basing on Life's Essential 8, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324044609063629685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608258323314, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044609072018294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608258323314, companyId=1324044609063629685, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044609080406903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608258323314, companyId=1324044609063629685, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=福建省疾病预防控制中心，福建　福州　350001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324044612289049489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608258323314, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics of children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in Fujian Province [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量男性女性χ2值P值
合计881（51.2）841（48.8）0.9640.335
年龄（岁）0.4060.939
6~8231（51.6）217（48.4）
9~11217（49.9）218（50.1）
12~14229（51.3）217（48.7）
15~17204（51.9）189（48.1）
居住地0.5130.474
城市497（51.9）460（48.1）
农村384（50.2）381（49.8）
), ArticleFig(id=1324044612368741266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608258323314, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

福建省6~17岁儿童青少年基本特征[n（%）]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量男性女性χ2值P值
合计881（51.2）841（48.8）0.9640.335
年龄（岁）0.4060.939
6~8231（51.6）217（48.4）
9~11217（49.9）218（50.1）
12~14229（51.3）217（48.7）
15~17204（51.9）189（48.1）
居住地0.5130.474
城市497（51.9）460（48.1）
农村384（50.2）381（49.8）
), ArticleFig(id=1324044612452627347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608258323314, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Detection rates of prehypertension and elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in Fujian Province [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素分组调查人数血压偏高前期血压偏高
单纯收缩压偏高单纯舒张压偏高混合性血压偏高合计
合计1 722196（11.4）84（4.9）41（2.4）64（3.7）189（11.0）
性别男性881101（11.5）45（5.1）21（2.4）36（4.1）102（11.6）
女性84195（11.3）39（4.6）20（2.4）28（3.3）87（10.3）
χ2值0.0120.205<0.0010.6890.669
P值0.9130.6510.9940.4070.413
年龄（岁）6~844877（17.2）26（5.8）11（2.5）18（4.0）55（12.3）
9~1143542（9.7）15（3.4）12（2.8）15（3.4）42（9.7）
12~1444636（8.1）23（5.2）12（2.7）13（2.9）48（10.8）
15~1739341（10.4）20（5.1）6（1.5）18（4.6）44（11.2）
χ2值21.4522.8561.6951.8211.593
P值<0.0010.4140.6380.6100.661
居住地城市957101（10.6）51（5.3）23（2.4）35（3.7）109（11.4）
农村76595（12.4）33（4.3）18（2.4）29（3.8）80（10.5）
χ2值1.4650.9450.0050.0210.378
P值0.2260.3310.9460.8840.539
营养状况消瘦1209（7.5）2（1.7）5（4.2）2（1.7）9（7.5）
正常1 206127（10.5）48（4.0）22（1.8）35（2.9）105（8.7）
超重22735（15.4）19（8.4）7（3.1）13（5.7）39（17.2）
肥胖16925（14.8）15（8.9）7（4.1）14（8.3）36（21.3）
χ2值8.27616.5495.99216.06035.227
P值0.0410.0010.1120.001<0.001
总胆固醇合适水平1 008105（10.4）46（4.6）24（2.4）36（3.6）106（10.5）
边缘升高48460（12.4）30（6.2）8（1.7）17（3.5）55（11.4）
升高23031（13.5）8（3.5）9（3.9）11（4.8）28（12.2）
χ2值2.4273.0053.4270.8460.631
P值0.2970.2230.1800.6550.730
甘油三酯合适水平1 134123（10.8）50（4.4）21（1.9）36（3.2）107（9.4）
边缘升高35137（10.5）21（6.0）11（3.1）12（3.4）44（12.5）
升高23736（15.2）13（5.5）9（3.8）16（6.8）38（16.0）
χ2值3.9751.6494.2687.1169.832
P值0.1370.4390.1180.0290.007
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇合适水平1 375158（11.5）60（4.4）34（2.5）46（3.3）140（10.2）
边缘降低26729（10.9）19（7.1）7（2.6）15（5.6）41（15.4）
降低809（11.3）5（6.3）0（0.0）3（3.8）8（10.0）
χ2值0.0893.9912.0683.2275.718
P值0.9560.1360.3560.1990.057
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇合适水平1 233125（10.1）59（4.8）28（2.3）44（3.6）131（10.6）
边缘升高31444（14.0）21（6.7）9（2.9）12（3.8）42（13.4）
升高17527（15.4）4（2.3）4（2.3）8（4.6）16（9.1）
χ2值6.8884.7740.3890.4432.609
P值0.0320.0920.8230.8020.271
维生素D状况充足954120（12.6）40（4.2）27（2.8）30（3.1）97（10.2）
不足65364（9.8）35（5.4）12（1.8）25（3.8）72（11.0）
缺乏11512（10.4）9（7.8）2（1.7）9（7.8）20（17.4）
χ2值3.0753.4461.8616.3225.483
P值0.2150.1790.3940.0420.065
), ArticleFig(id=1324044612549096340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608258323314, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

福建省6~17岁儿童青少年血压偏高前期与血压偏高检出率[n（%）]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素分组调查人数血压偏高前期血压偏高
单纯收缩压偏高单纯舒张压偏高混合性血压偏高合计
合计1 722196（11.4）84（4.9）41（2.4）64（3.7）189（11.0）
性别男性881101（11.5）45（5.1）21（2.4）36（4.1）102（11.6）
女性84195（11.3）39（4.6）20（2.4）28（3.3）87（10.3）
χ2值0.0120.205<0.0010.6890.669
P值0.9130.6510.9940.4070.413
年龄（岁）6~844877（17.2）26（5.8）11（2.5）18（4.0）55（12.3）
9~1143542（9.7）15（3.4）12（2.8）15（3.4）42（9.7）
12~1444636（8.1）23（5.2）12（2.7）13（2.9）48（10.8）
15~1739341（10.4）20（5.1）6（1.5）18（4.6）44（11.2）
χ2值21.4522.8561.6951.8211.593
P值<0.0010.4140.6380.6100.661
居住地城市957101（10.6）51（5.3）23（2.4）35（3.7）109（11.4）
农村76595（12.4）33（4.3）18（2.4）29（3.8）80（10.5）
χ2值1.4650.9450.0050.0210.378
P值0.2260.3310.9460.8840.539
营养状况消瘦1209（7.5）2（1.7）5（4.2）2（1.7）9（7.5）
正常1 206127（10.5）48（4.0）22（1.8）35（2.9）105（8.7）
超重22735（15.4）19（8.4）7（3.1）13（5.7）39（17.2）
肥胖16925（14.8）15（8.9）7（4.1）14（8.3）36（21.3）
χ2值8.27616.5495.99216.06035.227
P值0.0410.0010.1120.001<0.001
总胆固醇合适水平1 008105（10.4）46（4.6）24（2.4）36（3.6）106（10.5）
边缘升高48460（12.4）30（6.2）8（1.7）17（3.5）55（11.4）
升高23031（13.5）8（3.5）9（3.9）11（4.8）28（12.2）
χ2值2.4273.0053.4270.8460.631
P值0.2970.2230.1800.6550.730
甘油三酯合适水平1 134123（10.8）50（4.4）21（1.9）36（3.2）107（9.4）
边缘升高35137（10.5）21（6.0）11（3.1）12（3.4）44（12.5）
升高23736（15.2）13（5.5）9（3.8）16（6.8）38（16.0）
χ2值3.9751.6494.2687.1169.832
P值0.1370.4390.1180.0290.007
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇合适水平1 375158（11.5）60（4.4）34（2.5）46（3.3）140（10.2）
边缘降低26729（10.9）19（7.1）7（2.6）15（5.6）41（15.4）
降低809（11.3）5（6.3）0（0.0）3（3.8）8（10.0）
χ2值0.0893.9912.0683.2275.718
P值0.9560.1360.3560.1990.057
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇合适水平1 233125（10.1）59（4.8）28（2.3）44（3.6）131（10.6）
边缘升高31444（14.0）21（6.7）9（2.9）12（3.8）42（13.4）
升高17527（15.4）4（2.3）4（2.3）8（4.6）16（9.1）
χ2值6.8884.7740.3890.4432.609
P值0.0320.0920.8230.8020.271
维生素D状况充足954120（12.6）40（4.2）27（2.8）30（3.1）97（10.2）
不足65364（9.8）35（5.4）12（1.8）25（3.8）72（11.0）
缺乏11512（10.4）9（7.8）2（1.7）9（7.8）20（17.4）
χ2值3.0753.4461.8616.3225.483
P值0.2150.1790.3940.0420.065
), ArticleFig(id=1324044612637176725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608258323314, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Variable definitions and coding

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量变量命名赋值
血压状况Y正常=0；偏高=1
年龄X115~17岁=0；6~8岁=1；9~11岁=2；12~14岁=3
居住地X2城市=1；农村=2
营养状况X3正常=0；消瘦=1；超重=2；肥胖=3
总胆固醇X4合适水平=0；边缘升高=1；升高=2
甘油三酯X5合适水平=0；边缘升高=1；升高=2
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇X6合适水平=0；边缘降低=1；降低=2
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇X7合适水平=0；边缘升高=1；升高=2
维生素DX8充足=0；=不足1；缺乏=2
), ArticleFig(id=1324044612733645718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608258323314, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

变量命名及变量赋值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量变量命名赋值
血压状况Y正常=0；偏高=1
年龄X115~17岁=0；6~8岁=1；9~11岁=2；12~14岁=3
居住地X2城市=1；农村=2
营养状况X3正常=0；消瘦=1；超重=2；肥胖=3
总胆固醇X4合适水平=0；边缘升高=1；升高=2
甘油三酯X5合适水平=0；边缘升高=1；升高=2
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇X6合适水平=0；边缘降低=1；降低=2
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇X7合适水平=0；边缘升高=1；升高=2
维生素DX8充足=0；=不足1；缺乏=2
), ArticleFig(id=1324044612901417879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608258323314, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with hypertension

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素βS. E.Wald χ2P值OR值（95%CI）
营养状况（ref：正常）
消瘦-0.1390.3620.1460.7020.871（0.428~1.770）
超重0.7640.20613.822<0.0012.147（1.435~3.212）
肥胖0.9890.21720.786<0.0012.688（1.757~4.112）
甘油三酯（ref：合适水平）
临界升高0.2130.1951.1930.2751.238（0.844~1.814）
偏高0.4410.2104.3900.0361.554（1.029~2.346）
维生素D（ref：充足）
不足-0.0050.1680.0010.9750.995（0.715~1.383）
缺乏0.5750.2754.3750.0361.777（1.037~3.047）
), ArticleFig(id=1324044612985303960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044608258323314, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

影响高血压相关因素的logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素βS. E.Wald χ2P值OR值（95%CI）
营养状况（ref：正常）
消瘦-0.1390.3620.1460.7020.871（0.428~1.770）
超重0.7640.20613.822<0.0012.147（1.435~3.212）
肥胖0.9890.21720.786<0.0012.688（1.757~4.112）
甘油三酯（ref：合适水平）
临界升高0.2130.1951.1930.2751.238（0.844~1.814）
偏高0.4410.2104.3900.0361.554（1.029~2.346）
维生素D（ref：充足）
不足-0.0050.1680.0010.9750.995（0.715~1.383）
缺乏0.5750.2754.3750.0361.777（1.037~3.047）
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福建省6~17岁儿童青少年血压偏高现状分析
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阳丽君 , 李扬帆 , 黄峥
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026,53(8): 1423-1427
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现代预防医学 |儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026 , 53 (8) : 1423 -1427
福建省6~17岁儿童青少年血压偏高现状分析
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阳丽君（1982—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：慢性病与营养

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阳丽君（1982—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：慢性病与营养

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阳丽君 , 李扬帆, 黄峥
作者信息
  • 福建省疾病预防控制中心，福建　福州　350001
通讯作者:
阳丽君，E-mail：
作者简介:

阳丽君（1982—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：慢性病与营养

Analysis of the status of elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents aged 6-17, Fujian
Li-jun YANG , Yang-fan LI, Zheng HUANG
Affiliations
  • Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
出版时间: 2026-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509454
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摘要
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目的

分析福建省6~17岁儿童青少年血压偏高的流行现状并探讨其相关影响因素。

方法

数据来源于2022年中国居民营养与健康状况监测福建省项目。采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，抽取1 722名6~17岁儿童青少年。通过标准化问卷调查、体格测量和实验室检测收集数据。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析血压偏高的影响因素。

结果

调查对象中血压偏高前期与血压偏高的检出率分别为11.4%和11.0%。在血压偏高类型中，单纯收缩压偏高、混合性血压偏高以及单纯舒张压偏高的检出率分别为4.9%、3.7%和2.4%，其中单纯收缩压偏高最为常见。多因素logistic回归分析显示，儿童青少年血压偏高的独立危险因素包括：超重（OR=2.147，95%CI：1.435~3.212）、肥胖（OR=2.688，95%CI：1.757~4.112）、高甘油三酯血症（OR=1.554，95%CI：1.029~2.346）及维生素D缺乏（OR=1.777，95%CI：1.037~3.047）。

结论

福建省儿童青少年血压偏高问题较为普遍，且以单纯收缩压升高为主要表现，其发生与超重/肥胖、高甘油三酯血症及维生素D缺乏显著相关。建议采取综合防控策略，将体重管理作为核心，同时关注血脂代谢与维生素D营养状况，为心血管疾病的早期预防提供科学依据。

血压偏高  /  儿童青少年  /  危险因素  /  横断面研究
Objective

To analyze the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and its associated factors among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in Fujian Province.

Methods

Data were derived from the 2022 Fujian Provincial Project of the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance. A total of 1 722 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years were selected using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires, physical measurements, and laboratory tests. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of elevated blood pressure.

Results

The detection rates of prehypertension and elevated blood pressure were 11.4% and 11.0%, respectively. Among the types of elevated blood pressure, the detection rates for isolated systolic hypertension, mixed hypertension, and isolated diastolic hypertension are 4.9%, 3.7%, and 2.4%, respectively, with isolated systolic hypertension being the most prevalent. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents included overweight (OR=2.147, 95%CI: 1.435-3.212), obesity (OR=2.688, 95%CI: 1.757-4.112), hypertriglyceridemia (OR=1.554, 95%CI: 1.029-2.346), and vitamin D deficiency (OR=1.777, 95%CI: 1.037-3.047).

Conclusion

Elevated blood pressure is relatively common among children and adolescents in Fujian Province, with isolated systolic elevation being the predominant pattern. Its occurrence is significantly associated with overweight/obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and vitamin D deficiency. A comprehensive prevention and control strategy is recommended that centers on weight management, while also addressing lipid metabolism and vitamin D nutritional status, thereby providing a scientific basis for the early prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Elevated blood pressure  /  Children and adolescents  /  Risk factors  /  Cross-sectional study
阳丽君, 李扬帆, 黄峥. 福建省6~17岁儿童青少年血压偏高现状分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (8) : 1423 -1427 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509454
Li-jun YANG, Yang-fan LI, Zheng HUANG. Analysis of the status of elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents aged 6-17, Fujian[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (8) : 1423 -1427 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509454
正文
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近年来，儿童青少年群体高血压患病率在全球范围内持续上升，已成为一个备受关注的公共卫生问题[1-2]。在我国，随着社会经济的快速发展与儿童青少年生活方式的变迁，此类疾病在年轻一代中的流行态势日益严峻[3-4]。儿童期发生的高血压不仅与代谢综合征、早期动脉粥样硬化等病理状态密切相关，更是其成年后发生心脑血管事件的独立危险因素[5-6]。因此，在儿童期开展高血压的早期筛查与干预，对于延缓心血管损害进程、降低远期疾病负担具有重要意义。本研究旨在分析福建省6~17岁儿童青少年血压偏高的流行特征及其影响因素，以期为制定针对性的早期预防与精准干预策略提供科学依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　调查对象
本研究数据来源于2022年中国居民营养与健康状况监测福建省项目。该项目采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，在福建省抽取7个监测点，包括4个城市监测点和3个农村监测点，其中，城市监测点为福州市晋安区、厦门市思明区、莆田市涵江区和三明市三元区，农村监测点为南平市建瓯市、泉州市惠安县和漳州市漳浦县。采用按人口规模排序的系统抽样方法，依次抽取乡镇（街道）、行政村（居委会）和家庭户。将最终抽中的家庭户中的6~17岁儿童青少年纳入作为调查对象；若样本量不足，则从邻近中小学校进行补充，以确保每个监测点至少达到240名调查对象，且男女比例接近1:1。本研究共调查1 810名儿童青少年，在排除88名关键信息（包括人口学特征、人体测量和实验室检测数据）缺失者后，最终纳入1 722名调查对象进行分析。本研究方案已通过中国疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会审查批准（审批编号：2022-008），所有调查对象及其监护人均知情并签署书面同意书。
1.2　调查与测量
1.2.1　数据收集
通过问卷调查收集调查对象的人口学特征信息。
1.2.2　人体测量
身高测量使用SZG-210型身高坐高计，精确至0.1 cm；体重测量使用G & G TC-200K型电子体重计，精确至0.1 kg。血压测量使用欧姆龙HBP-1320型电子血压计，根据年龄和上臂围选取合适袖带。每次测量后均断开连接并充分排气，间隔30 s后测下一次，共测量3次，取平均值作为最终血压值，精确至1 mm Hg。
1.2.3　实验室样本收集与检测
采集所有调查对象清晨空腹静脉血6 ml，置于真空分离胶采血管，室温放置20~30 min后，以离心半径10 cm，3 000 r/min离心10 min，分离血清。采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血清中25-羟基维生素D（25-hydroxyvitamin D，包括D2与D3）。血脂指标测定方法：总胆固醇（Total Cholesterol，TC）采用胆固醇氧化酶法；甘油三酯（Triglycerides，TG）采用去游离甘油法；高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol，HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol，LDL-C）均采用直接法测定。
1.3　诊断标准
（1）血压偏高判定：依据《7岁~18岁儿童青少年血压偏高筛查界值》（WS/T 610-2018）[7]和《中国3~17岁儿童性别、年龄别和身高别血压参照标准》[8]的界值。若男、女生收缩压（Systolic Blood Pressure，SBP）和（或）舒张压（Diastolic Blood Pressure，DBP）处于同性别、同年龄、同身高百分位P90至P95之间者，定义为血压偏高前期。仅SBP或DBP≥同性别、同年龄、同身高百分位人群的P95者，定义为单纯性收缩压偏高或单纯性舒张压偏高；两项同时≥P95，则定义为混合性血压偏高。符合以上任一情况均归为血压偏高。（2）消瘦判定依据《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查》（WS/T 456-2014）。（3）超重与肥胖判定依据《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》（WS/T 586-2018）。（4）维生素D水平评价依据《人群维生素D缺乏筛查方法》（WS/T 677-2020）：血清25（OH）D浓度<12 ng/ml为缺乏，12~<20 ng/ml为不足，≥20 ng/ml为充足。（5）血脂水平评价依据《儿童脂质异常血症诊治专家共识（2022）》[9]，具体标准为：总胆固醇（Total cholesterol，TC）：<4.39 mmol/L为合适水平，4.39~<5.17 mmol/L为边缘升高，≥5.17 mmol/L为升高。甘油三酯（Triglycerides，TG）：年龄<10岁者，<0.84 mmol/L为合适水平，0.84~<1.12 mmol/L为边缘升高，≥1.12 mmol/L为升高；年龄≥10岁者，<1.01 mmol/L为合适水平，1.01~<1.46 mmol/L为边缘升高，≥1.46 mmol/L为升高。低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol，LDL-C）：<2.84 mmol/L为合适水平，2.84~<3.36 mmol/L为边缘升高，≥3.36 mmol/L为升高。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（High-density lipoprotein cholesterol，HDL-C）：≥1.16 mmol/L为合适水平，1.03~<1.16 mmol/L为边缘降低，<1.03 mmol/L为降低。
1.4　统计学分析
采用SPSS 27.0软件进行数据分析。分类变量的组间比较采用χ2检验，血压偏高影响因素分析采用多因素logistic回归模型。所有检验均为双侧检验，检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　研究对象的一般情况
本研究共纳入1 722名6~17岁儿童青少年进行分析。其中，男性881人（占51.2%），女性841人（占48.8%）。6~8岁组448人（26.0%），9~11岁组435人（25.3%），12~14岁组446人（25.9%），15~17岁组393人（22.8%）；城市儿童957人（55.6%），农村儿童765人（44.4%）。不同年龄组、城乡之间的性别构成差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。见表1。
2.2　福建省6~17岁儿童青少年血压偏高流行现状
本研究结果显示，福建省6~17岁儿童青少年血压偏高前期与血压偏高的检出率分别为11.4%和11.0%。在不同类型血压偏高中，单纯收缩压偏高、单纯舒张压偏高和混合性血压偏高的检出率依次为4.9%、2.4%和3.7%。
血压偏高前期检出率在不同年龄组、营养状况和LDL-C水平间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），超重/肥胖儿童、LDL-C水平升高儿童的检出率高于体重正常或LDL-C水平正常的儿童。血压偏高检出率在不同营养状况及TG水平间的差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。超重/肥胖儿童、TG水平升高儿童的血压偏高检出率均高于相应正常组。对血压偏高亚型分析发现，单纯收缩压偏高的检出率在不同营养状况间差异有统计学意义（P<0.001），超重/肥胖儿童的检出率更高；混合性血压偏高的检出率在不同营养状况、TG及维生素D水平间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），在超重/肥胖、TG水平升高及维生素D缺乏的儿童中更高；单纯舒张压偏高的检出率在各组别间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。
2.3　血压偏高相关因素的logistic回归分析
模型中，因变量为血压状况（0=正常，1=血压偏高），自变量包括年龄、居住地、营养状况、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和维生素D水平，各变量具体赋值见表3。经单因素logistic回归分析发现，营养状况、甘油三酯及维生素D水平与血压偏高相关（P<0.05）。将上述有统计学意义的变量纳入多因素logistic回归模型，结果显示：超重儿童和肥胖儿童发生血压偏高的风险分别为体重正常儿童的2.147倍和2.688倍。甘油三酯水平升高者的风险为正常者的1.554倍。维生素D缺乏者的风险为充足者的1.777倍。见表4。
3　讨论
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本研究对福建省6~17岁儿童青少年的横断面调查发现：福建省6~17岁儿童青少年血压偏高前期与血压偏高的检出率分别为11.4%和11.0%。近期一项涵盖48个国家、360余万名儿童青少年的Meta分析[1]显示：全球儿童青少年偶发性高血压患病率为11.85%。《中国高血压防治指南（2024年修订版）》[10]指出，我国6~17岁儿童青少年高血压患病率为13.0%，即每8个孩子中约1人患病。与此相比，本研究中血压偏高的检出率处于国内外报道范围的中上水平。尽管诊断标准、测量方法以及人群特征差异可能导致数值差异[11-12]，但结果明确提示福建省儿童青少年血压偏高已成为一个值得关注的公共卫生问题。
进一步分析显示，在血压偏高类型中，单纯收缩压偏高、单纯舒张压偏高和混合性血压偏高的检出率依次为4.9%、2.4%和3.7%，其中单纯收缩压偏高最为常见。这一分布模式与国内外基础性研究的结论一致，即儿童期高血压常以收缩压升高为主要类型[13-14]。其生理机制可能涉及青春期高动力循环状态[15]，也可能与肥胖相关的血容量增加相关[16]。
多因素logistic回归分析显示，超重/肥胖、高甘油三酯血症及维生素D缺乏是儿童青少年血压偏高的独立危险因素。超重/肥胖关联最强（肥胖：OR=2.688；超重：OR=2.147），与多数研究结论一致[14,17]，进一步确立体重管理在儿童高血压一级预防中的核心地位。高甘油三酯血症（OR=1.554）同样显示显著关联，支持了大型队列研究[18]及系统综述[19]结论，也与建议对高血压儿童进行血脂评估国内外权威指南方向相符[14,20]。尤为值得关注的是，维生素D缺乏（OR=1.777）被证实为一个独立于肥胖和血脂的独立危险因素。值得关注的是，本研究亦发现维生素D缺乏（OR=1.777）是儿童血压偏高的独立危险因素。这一发现与国内外研究结论一致，即在调整肥胖、血脂等混杂因素后，维生素D缺乏仍与儿童期血压升高显著相关[21-22]。该发现为儿童高血压的防控提供除传统代谢因素以外的新切入点。尽管目前指南并不推荐常规筛查或补充维生素D用于心血管疾病一级预防，但针对维生素D缺乏的特定人群，适量补充可能具有潜在益处，需未来更多随机对照试验加以验证。
本研究存在一定局限性。首先，横断面设计难以确立上述危险因素与血压偏高之间的因果关系；其次，血压值为单次筛查结果，可能存在测量误差或分类偏倚；此外，未纳入膳食钠盐摄入量、体力活动、高血压家族史及睡眠状况等重要因素，可能对结果的精确性产生影响。未来需要开展前瞻性队列研究验证上述因果关系，并深入探讨生物学机制。
综上所述，福建省儿童青少年血压偏高问题较为普遍，以单纯收缩压升高为主，主要受超重/肥胖、高甘油三酯血症及维生素D缺乏等危险因素影响。建议采取综合防控策略，在倡导健康生活方式、聚焦体重管理这一核心的同时，关注血脂代谢与维生素D营养状况，为心血管疾病的早期预防提供科学依据。

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2026年第53卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509454
  • 接收时间：2025-09-26
  • 首发时间：2026-11-02
  • 出版时间：2026-04-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-09-26
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    福建省疾病预防控制中心，福建　福州　350001

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
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