Article(id=1323941341025149149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1323941237702668764, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501163, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736697600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793581813340, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1765296000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793581813340, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793581813340, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793581813340, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1323941237702668764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='23', pageStart='4225', pageEnd='4416', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1765296000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793581788707, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793581887795, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1323941653374959780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1323941237702668764, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1323941653374959781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1323941237702668764, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4364, endPage=4370, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1323941341390053598, articleId=1323941341025149149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The mediating role of empowerment in the relationship between social support and health literacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the mediating effect of empowerment on the relationship between social support and health literacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 243 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus recruited by convenience sampling from a Grade III Class A hospital in Guiyang. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Diabetes Health Literacy Scale (DHLS), the Diabetes Empowerment Scale-Short Form(DES-SF), and the MOS Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS). Statistical analyses in SPSS 26.0 included the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Spearman correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. A structural equation model was constructed using AMOS 24.0, and the mediating effect was tested through the bootstrap method.

Results

The health literacy score was 53.00 (40.00, 61.00), the empowerment score was 31.00 (27.00, 36.00), and the social support score was 72.00 (61.00, 81.00) among the 243 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Social support was positively correlated with health literacy (r=0.539, P<0.01), social support was positively correlated with empowerment (r=0.613, P<0.01), and empowerment was positively correlated with health literacy (r=0.597, P<0.01). Social support could directly and positively predict health literacy, and also indirectly predict health literacy through empowerment. The mediating effect value of empowerment was 1.036, accounting for 32.1% of the total effect.

Conclusion

Empowerment plays a partial mediating role between social support and health literacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, by improving social support and strengthening empowerment, health literacy can be enhanced in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

, authors=Xian-feng ZHOU1, Ge-yao ZHOU2, Xiao-xia MENG1, Kun-jing WEI1, Zhu-ping WANG3, authorsList=Xian-feng ZHOU, Ge-yao ZHOU, Xiao-xia MENG, Kun-jing WEI, Zhu-ping WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ge-yao ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1323941342249885921, articleId=1323941341025149149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=2型糖尿病患者赋权在社会支持与健康素养间的中介作用, columnId=1228016572640461823, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=健康与社会行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨2型糖尿病患者赋权在社会支持与健康素养间的中介效应。

方法

采用方便抽样法,选取贵阳某三甲医院的243例2型糖尿病患者,使用一般资料调查表、 糖尿病健康素养量表、糖尿病赋权简化量表、MOS社会支持量表进行横断面调查。采用SPSS 26. 0对收集的数据进行Wilcoxon秩和检验、Kruskal-Wallis H检验、Spearman相关分析、多元线性回归分析,运用AMOS 24.0构建结构方程模型,并通过bootstrap方法检验中介效应。

结果

243例2型糖尿病患者健康素养得分、赋权得分、社会支持得分的[M(P25,P75)] 分别为53.00(40.00,61.00)、31.00(27.00,36.00)和72.00(61.00,81.00)分;社会支持与健康素养呈正相关(r=0.539,P<0.01),社会支持与赋权呈正相关(r=0.613,P<0.01)),赋权与健康素养呈正相关(r=0.597,P<0.01)。社会支持可以直接正向预测健康素养,也可以通过赋权起间接预测作用,赋权中介效应值为1.036,占总效应的32.1%。

结论

赋权在2型糖尿病患者社会支持和健康素养间起部分中介效应,对于2型糖尿病患者可以通过提高社会支持、强化赋权,从而提升健康素养。

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周先凤(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:医药产业发展战略研究

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周戈耀,E-mail:
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PLOS One, 2022, 17 (7): e0270161., articleTitle=Diabetic health literacy and associated factors among diabetes mellitus patients on follow up at public hospitals, Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia,2021, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1323941355289977157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941341025149149, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=21, issue=1, pageStart=483, pageEnd=492, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=44, authorNames=Mirzaei H, Siavash M, Shahnazi H, journalName=Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mirzaei H, Siavash M, Shahnazi H, et al. Development and evaluation of a new questionnaire to assess social cognitive factors of self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes: a psychometric study [J]. 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A preliminary study of social support theory [J]. Psychology Monthly, 2020, 15 (16): 238-239. (In Chinese), articleTitle=A preliminary study of social support theory, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1323941355545829704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941341025149149, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=55, issue=1, pageStart=68, pageEnd=78, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=47, authorNames=Ryan RM, Deci EL, journalName=The American Psychologist, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ryan RM, Deci EL. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being [J]. The American Psychologist, 2000, 55 (1): 68-78., articleTitle=Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1323941349627666712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941341025149149, awardId=黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般375, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省省级科技计划项目资助(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般375), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1323941342614790370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941341025149149, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1323941342627373283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941341025149149, companyId=1323941342614790370, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Medicine and Health Management, Guizhou Medical University, Anshun, Guizhou 561113, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1323941342639956196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941341025149149, companyId=1323941342614790370, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.贵州医科大学医药卫生管理学院,贵州 安顺 561113)]), AuthorCompany(id=1323941342744813797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941341025149149, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1323941342757396710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941341025149149, companyId=1323941342744813797, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.贵州医科大学大健康研究院,贵州 安顺 561113)]), AuthorCompany(id=1323941342832894183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941341025149149, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1323941342841282792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941341025149149, companyId=1323941342832894183, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.贵州医科大学附属医院内分泌代谢病科)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1323941346695848204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941341025149149, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Structural equation modeling of health literacy, empowerment, and social support in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, figureFileSmall=9g/kBrwMW2qoOymqojcZjA==, figureFileBig=VFeq2sbQGI0PpwLlF7M9sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1323941346800705805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941341025149149, language=CN, label=图1, caption=T2DM患者健康素养、赋权、社会支持的结构方程模型图, figureFileSmall=9g/kBrwMW2qoOymqojcZjA==, figureFileBig=VFeq2sbQGI0PpwLlF7M9sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1323941347098501390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941341025149149, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Differences in health literacy, empowerment, and social support on demographic characteristics [n=243, point, n(%), M (P25, P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目人数(%)健康素养社会支持赋权
性别
男141(58.0)57.00(45.50,64.00)72.00(63.50,82.50)32.00(27.00,35.50)
女102(42.0)48.00(33.75,58.00)71.00(57.00,80.25)30.50(26.00,36.00)
Z值-4.561-1.102-0.919
P值<0.0010.2700.358
年龄(岁)
18~4425(10.3)58.00(52.00,62.00)74.00(68.00,82.50)31.00(26.50,33.50)
45~5977(31.7)55.00(43.00,64.00)72.00(62.50,80.50)32.00(27.00,36.00)
≥60141(58.0)52.00(37.50,60.00)71.00(58.00,81.50)32.00(26.50,36.00)
H值8.0911.3260.823
P值0.0180.5150.663
婚姻状况
未婚6(2.5)58.50(49.50,59.25)73.00(69.00,78.00)31.00(30.75,33.50)
已婚200(82.3)54.00(42.00,62.00)72.00(62.25,81.75)32.00(27.00,36.00)
丧偶26(10.7)47.00(36.25,56.25)68.00(54.75,80.25)29.50(24.00,35.25)
离异11(4.5)48.00(41.00,66.00)70.00(45.00,86.00)30.00(25.00,35.00)
H值3.7692.4661.876
P值0.2870.4810.599
文化程度
小学及以下67(27.6)37.00(30.00,47.00)64.00(53.00,76.00)27.00(24.00,32.00)
初中44(18.1)52.00(37.00,58.00)68.00(58.00,77.50)30.00(26.00,33.00)
高中/中专/技校48(19.8)56.50(50.50,62.00)72.00(65.25,80.00)32.50(28.00,36.75)
大专33(13.6)59.00(51.50,64.00)77.00(69.50,85.50)34.00(30.50,36.00)
本科48(19.8)63.00(57.25,63.00)77.50(70.00,87.75)34.00(30.25,36.75)
硕士及以上3(1.2)61.00(58.50,64.50)73.00(71.50,75.00)31.00(29.50,35.50)
H值104.06125.85234.258
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001
月收入(元)
<3 00089(36.6)42.00(32.00,54.00)68.00(56.00,76.00)30.00(25.00,33.00)
3 000~5 00057(23.5)52.00(42.50,58.50)70.00(61.50,80.50)31.00(26.00,35.00)
5 001~8 00050(20.6)56.00(48.00,64.00)73.50(57.75,85.00)32.50(27.50,36.00)
>8 00047(19.3)63.00(59.00,66.00)77.00(71.00,85.00)34.00(31.00,37.00)
H值69.52217.05617.653
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001
职业类型
企事业单位、机关团体在职人员56(23.0)62.00(58.00,64.75)74.00(68.25,82.00)33.00(29.00,36.00)
工人、农民46(18.9)42.00(33.50,55.00)68.50(55.25,81.75)29.50(25.00,35.25)
个体从业人员15(6.2)48.00(38.00,64.00)70.00(56.00,78.00)28.00(26.00,35.00)
退休人员89(36.6)53.00(45.00,60.50)72.00(61.50,84.00)32.00(28.00,36.00)
其他37(32.9)43.00(30.00,54.50)69.00(55.00,76.00)30.00(24.00,32.50)
H值57.6417.60214.117
P值<0.0010.1070.007
病程(年)
≤562(25.5)55.50(43.25,62.25)73.50(61.00,84.25)31.00(27.00,35.00)
>5~1053(21.8)52.00(37.50,60.50)72.00(63.50,80.50)30.00(27.00,35.50)
>10~1555(22.6)52.00(32.00,60.00)71.00(54.00,81.00)30.00(26.00,35.00)
>15~2036(14.8)56.00(49.75,63.75)75.50(63.75,85.50)34.00(28.50,36.00)
>2037(15.2)52.00(41.50,58.50)68.00(55.50,76.00)32.00(24.50,36.00)
H值4.7297.9252.886
P值0.3160.0940.577
并发症
有163(67.1)52.00(38.00,60.00)72.00(62.00,79.00)31.00(26.00,35.00)
无80(32.9)58.50(44.25,62.75)74.00(60.00,84.00)33.00(27.25,36.00)
Z值-2.630-0.923-1.585
P值0.0090.3560.113
), ArticleFig(id=1323941347186581775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941341025149149, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

健康素养、赋权、社会支持在人口学特征上的差异[n=243,分,n(%),M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目人数(%)健康素养社会支持赋权
性别
男141(58.0)57.00(45.50,64.00)72.00(63.50,82.50)32.00(27.00,35.50)
女102(42.0)48.00(33.75,58.00)71.00(57.00,80.25)30.50(26.00,36.00)
Z值-4.561-1.102-0.919
P值<0.0010.2700.358
年龄(岁)
18~4425(10.3)58.00(52.00,62.00)74.00(68.00,82.50)31.00(26.50,33.50)
45~5977(31.7)55.00(43.00,64.00)72.00(62.50,80.50)32.00(27.00,36.00)
≥60141(58.0)52.00(37.50,60.00)71.00(58.00,81.50)32.00(26.50,36.00)
H值8.0911.3260.823
P值0.0180.5150.663
婚姻状况
未婚6(2.5)58.50(49.50,59.25)73.00(69.00,78.00)31.00(30.75,33.50)
已婚200(82.3)54.00(42.00,62.00)72.00(62.25,81.75)32.00(27.00,36.00)
丧偶26(10.7)47.00(36.25,56.25)68.00(54.75,80.25)29.50(24.00,35.25)
离异11(4.5)48.00(41.00,66.00)70.00(45.00,86.00)30.00(25.00,35.00)
H值3.7692.4661.876
P值0.2870.4810.599
文化程度
小学及以下67(27.6)37.00(30.00,47.00)64.00(53.00,76.00)27.00(24.00,32.00)
初中44(18.1)52.00(37.00,58.00)68.00(58.00,77.50)30.00(26.00,33.00)
高中/中专/技校48(19.8)56.50(50.50,62.00)72.00(65.25,80.00)32.50(28.00,36.75)
大专33(13.6)59.00(51.50,64.00)77.00(69.50,85.50)34.00(30.50,36.00)
本科48(19.8)63.00(57.25,63.00)77.50(70.00,87.75)34.00(30.25,36.75)
硕士及以上3(1.2)61.00(58.50,64.50)73.00(71.50,75.00)31.00(29.50,35.50)
H值104.06125.85234.258
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001
月收入(元)
<3 00089(36.6)42.00(32.00,54.00)68.00(56.00,76.00)30.00(25.00,33.00)
3 000~5 00057(23.5)52.00(42.50,58.50)70.00(61.50,80.50)31.00(26.00,35.00)
5 001~8 00050(20.6)56.00(48.00,64.00)73.50(57.75,85.00)32.50(27.50,36.00)
>8 00047(19.3)63.00(59.00,66.00)77.00(71.00,85.00)34.00(31.00,37.00)
H值69.52217.05617.653
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001
职业类型
企事业单位、机关团体在职人员56(23.0)62.00(58.00,64.75)74.00(68.25,82.00)33.00(29.00,36.00)
工人、农民46(18.9)42.00(33.50,55.00)68.50(55.25,81.75)29.50(25.00,35.25)
个体从业人员15(6.2)48.00(38.00,64.00)70.00(56.00,78.00)28.00(26.00,35.00)
退休人员89(36.6)53.00(45.00,60.50)72.00(61.50,84.00)32.00(28.00,36.00)
其他37(32.9)43.00(30.00,54.50)69.00(55.00,76.00)30.00(24.00,32.50)
H值57.6417.60214.117
P值<0.0010.1070.007
病程(年)
≤562(25.5)55.50(43.25,62.25)73.50(61.00,84.25)31.00(27.00,35.00)
>5~1053(21.8)52.00(37.50,60.50)72.00(63.50,80.50)30.00(27.00,35.50)
>10~1555(22.6)52.00(32.00,60.00)71.00(54.00,81.00)30.00(26.00,35.00)
>15~2036(14.8)56.00(49.75,63.75)75.50(63.75,85.50)34.00(28.50,36.00)
>2037(15.2)52.00(41.50,58.50)68.00(55.50,76.00)32.00(24.50,36.00)
H值4.7297.9252.886
P值0.3160.0940.577
并发症
有163(67.1)52.00(38.00,60.00)72.00(62.00,79.00)31.00(26.00,35.00)
无80(32.9)58.50(44.25,62.75)74.00(60.00,84.00)33.00(27.25,36.00)
Z值-2.630-0.923-1.585
P值0.0090.3560.113
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Correlation between health literacy, empowerment and social support (r-value)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目社会支持赋权健康素养
rP值rP值rP值
社会支持1
赋权0.613<0.011
健康素养0.539<0.010.597<0.011
), ArticleFig(id=1323941347345965329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941341025149149, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

健康素养、赋权与社会支持的相关性(r值)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目社会支持赋权健康素养
rP值rP值rP值
社会支持1
赋权0.613<0.011
健康素养0.539<0.010.597<0.011
), ArticleFig(id=1323941347421462802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941341025149149, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of linear regression analysis

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项目模型1模型2模型3
βtβtβt
社会支持0.516***0.945 60.402***8.9920.254***5.072
赋权0.281***5.492
R2值0.4040.6250.670
F值11.908***18.419***21.293***
), ArticleFig(id=1323941347522126099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941341025149149, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

线性回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目模型1模型2模型3
βtβtβt
社会支持0.516***0.945 60.402***8.9920.254***5.072
赋权0.281***5.492
R2值0.4040.6250.670
F值11.908***18.419***21.293***
), ArticleFig(id=1323941349229207828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941341025149149, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Model fit indices

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项目χ2/vGFIAGFIRMSEACFIIFI
拟合标准[27]<5>0.9,0.8~0.9可接受>0.9,0.8~0.9可接受≤0.08>0.9,0.8~0.9可接受>0.9,0.8~0.9可接受
初始模型4.3770.9190.8370.1180.6450.665
修正模型2.2180.9610.9180.0710.8790.886
), ArticleFig(id=1323941349325676821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941341025149149, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

模型拟合指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目χ2/vGFIAGFIRMSEACFIIFI
拟合标准[27]<5>0.9,0.8~0.9可接受>0.9,0.8~0.9可接受≤0.08>0.9,0.8~0.9可接受>0.9,0.8~0.9可接受
初始模型4.3770.9190.8370.1180.6450.665
修正模型2.2180.9610.9180.0710.8790.886
), ArticleFig(id=1323941349405368598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941341025149149, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Mediating effect of empowerment on the relationship between social support and health literacy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应类型路径效应值(95% CI)效应比(%)
直接效应社会支持→健康素养2.195(1.272~3.751)67.9
间接效应社会支持→赋权→健康素养1.036(0.405~1.862)32.1
总效应—3.232(2.205~4.769)
), ArticleFig(id=1323941349497643287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941341025149149, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

赋权在社会支持与健康素养之间的中介效应

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应类型路径效应值(95% CI)效应比(%)
直接效应社会支持→健康素养2.195(1.272~3.751)67.9
间接效应社会支持→赋权→健康素养1.036(0.405~1.862)32.1
总效应—3.232(2.205~4.769)
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2型糖尿病患者赋权在社会支持与健康素养间的中介作用
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周先凤 1 , 周戈耀 2 , 孟小夏 1 , 韦坤静 1 , 王筑萍 3
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(23): 4364-4370
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现代预防医学 |健康与社会行为 2025 , 52 (23) : 4364 -4370
2型糖尿病患者赋权在社会支持与健康素养间的中介作用
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周先凤1, 周戈耀2 , 孟小夏1, 韦坤静1, 王筑萍3
作者信息
  • 1.贵州医科大学医药卫生管理学院,贵州 安顺 561113
  • 2.贵州医科大学大健康研究院,贵州 安顺 561113
  • 3.贵州医科大学附属医院内分泌代谢病科
通讯作者:
周戈耀,E-mail:
作者简介:

周先凤(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:医药产业发展战略研究

The mediating role of empowerment in the relationship between social support and health literacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Xian-feng ZHOU1, Ge-yao ZHOU2 , Xiao-xia MENG1, Kun-jing WEI1, Zhu-ping WANG3
Affiliations
  • School of Medicine and Health Management, Guizhou Medical University, Anshun, Guizhou 561113, China
出版时间: 2025-12-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501163
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目的

探讨2型糖尿病患者赋权在社会支持与健康素养间的中介效应。

方法

采用方便抽样法,选取贵阳某三甲医院的243例2型糖尿病患者,使用一般资料调查表、 糖尿病健康素养量表、糖尿病赋权简化量表、MOS社会支持量表进行横断面调查。采用SPSS 26. 0对收集的数据进行Wilcoxon秩和检验、Kruskal-Wallis H检验、Spearman相关分析、多元线性回归分析,运用AMOS 24.0构建结构方程模型,并通过bootstrap方法检验中介效应。

结果

243例2型糖尿病患者健康素养得分、赋权得分、社会支持得分的[M(P25,P75)] 分别为53.00(40.00,61.00)、31.00(27.00,36.00)和72.00(61.00,81.00)分;社会支持与健康素养呈正相关(r=0.539,P<0.01),社会支持与赋权呈正相关(r=0.613,P<0.01)),赋权与健康素养呈正相关(r=0.597,P<0.01)。社会支持可以直接正向预测健康素养,也可以通过赋权起间接预测作用,赋权中介效应值为1.036,占总效应的32.1%。

结论

赋权在2型糖尿病患者社会支持和健康素养间起部分中介效应,对于2型糖尿病患者可以通过提高社会支持、强化赋权,从而提升健康素养。

2型糖尿病  /  健康素养  /  赋权  /  社会支持  /  中介效应
Objective

To explore the mediating effect of empowerment on the relationship between social support and health literacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 243 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus recruited by convenience sampling from a Grade III Class A hospital in Guiyang. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Diabetes Health Literacy Scale (DHLS), the Diabetes Empowerment Scale-Short Form(DES-SF), and the MOS Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS). Statistical analyses in SPSS 26.0 included the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Spearman correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. A structural equation model was constructed using AMOS 24.0, and the mediating effect was tested through the bootstrap method.

Results

The health literacy score was 53.00 (40.00, 61.00), the empowerment score was 31.00 (27.00, 36.00), and the social support score was 72.00 (61.00, 81.00) among the 243 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Social support was positively correlated with health literacy (r=0.539, P<0.01), social support was positively correlated with empowerment (r=0.613, P<0.01), and empowerment was positively correlated with health literacy (r=0.597, P<0.01). Social support could directly and positively predict health literacy, and also indirectly predict health literacy through empowerment. The mediating effect value of empowerment was 1.036, accounting for 32.1% of the total effect.

Conclusion

Empowerment plays a partial mediating role between social support and health literacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, by improving social support and strengthening empowerment, health literacy can be enhanced in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus  /  Health literacy  /  Empowerment  /  Social support  /  Mediating effect
周先凤, 周戈耀, 孟小夏, 韦坤静, 王筑萍. 2型糖尿病患者赋权在社会支持与健康素养间的中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (23) : 4364 -4370 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501163
Xian-feng ZHOU, Ge-yao ZHOU, Xiao-xia MENG, Kun-jing WEI, Zhu-ping WANG. The mediating role of empowerment in the relationship between social support and health literacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (23) : 4364 -4370 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501163
根据国际糖尿病联盟调查报告[1],我国成人糖尿病(diabetes mellitus)的患病人数高达1.4亿人,居世界首位,其中90%~95%为2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)。然而血糖控制的达标率却低于30%[2]。国内外研究表明[3-4],积极的自我管理水平有助于血糖控制,减少并发症的发生,提高患者生活质量。良好的疾病管理需要患者具有收集、处理、理解和跟踪糖尿病特定信息的能力(如健康素养)[5]。糖尿病健康素养是指糖尿病患者在医疗环境和日常生活中获得、理解、分析、沟通糖尿病相关信息,并运用此信息促进健康状况的必要技能和能力的程度[6]。已有研究证实[7],提升患者的健康素养是改善其自我管理行为的有效方式,也是糖尿病防治最具普惠性、最符合成本效益原则的措施。
赋权亦称作授权,是患者充分发挥主动性进行自主决策,控制、承担疾病管理的责任并对自身的健康负责的过程[8]。前期研究显示,赋权已成为健康传播的主要目标[9],同时也被视为健康素养本身的目标[10]。赋权能够协助患者发现和激发自我管理责任心的内在能力,主动进行自我管理,从而提升患者的健康素养水平[11]。社会支持是指社会网络运用一定的客观及主观手段,对社会弱势群体给予帮助的总和[12]。大量研究发现社会支持对健康素养和赋权具有正向影响,Xu等[13]提出,拥有更多社会支持的患者更有可能拥有更好的健康素养。杨晓迪等[14]亦指出,中青年T2DM患者的社会支持水平越高,其健康素养水平越高。另外,D’Souza等[15]指出,社会支持是糖尿病赋权过程中的重要因素,与赋权呈正相关关系。因此,基于以往学者们关于社会支持、赋权和健康素养之间关系的研究发现,大多数研究主要集中于探讨这三者之间两两的直接关联,较少有研究探讨上述三个变量之间的作用机制。本研究通过结构方程模型探讨T2DM患者社会支持、赋权与健康素养之间的作用机制,以期为今后糖尿病管理提供理论依据。
采用方便抽样法选取于2023年4—11月在某省的一家三级甲等医院的内分泌科住院的T2DM患者。纳入标准:(1)符合世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)的T2DM的诊断标准[16],确诊时间≥6月者;(2)年龄≥18岁者;(3)意识清醒,没有认知障碍,能正常进行语言交流;(4)知情、同意且能够配合问卷调查者。排除标准:(1)有严重并发症的患者;(2)语言交流障碍者;(3)妊娠糖尿病者。本研究已获得所有患者知情同意和贵州医科大学伦理审批(批号:2021203)
根据Kendall样本量估算法[17],样本量为变量数的5~10倍,本研究共16个变量,需纳入96~192例,考虑构建中介模型的最佳样本量应达200例以上[18]以及无效问卷,对样本量增加10%,需纳入220例,本次调查共发放251份问卷,回收243份有效问卷,问卷的有效率达96.81%。
根据研究目的自行设计,内容包括性别、年龄、婚姻、文化程度、月收入、职业、病程、有无并发症。
此量表是由Lee[19]设计并验证的,共14个条目,三个维度(信息素养、计算能力素养、交流能力素养),各条目采用“完全不同意”到“完全同意”Likert 5级评分法,分别赋值1~5分,得分范围为14~70分,分值越高说明健康素养水平越好。在Lee的研究中,该量表的Cronbach a系数为0.85。课题组对此量表结构效度进行了研究,结果显示χ2/v为2.125、RMSEA为0.071、CFI为0.971、IFI为0.971、TLI为0.965,表明模型适配度良好。本研究中该量表Cronbach a系数为0.898。
此量表由Anderson等[20]于2003年研发研制,将原来包含37个条目的DES简化为8个条目的简易量表,各条目采用“非常不同意”到“非常同意” Likert 5级评分法,分别赋值1~5分,得分范围为8~40分。经胡贝贝[21]汉化翻译,具有良好的信度,Cronbach a系数为0.848。本研究中该量表Cronbach a系数为0.834。
此量表最初由Sherbourne等[22]于1991年研制,旨在评估慢性疾病患者所获得的社会支持。由Doris S.F等[23]于2004年译成中文,共19个条目,四个维度(实际性支持、讯息与情绪性支持、社会互助性合作、情感支持)。各条目采用“完全没有”至“所有时候” Likert 5 级评分法,分别赋值1~5分,得分范围为19~95分,分值越高说明社会支持水平越好。我国学者陈翠萍等[24]研究显示,在MOS-SSS量表在脑卒中评估中具有良好信度和效度。本研究中该量表Cronbach a系数为0.918。
使用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析。计数资料用频数和构成比描述;T2DM的健康素养、赋权和社会支持得分经Shapiro-Wilk正态性检验(检验水准α为0.05),不服从正态分布,则采用中位数(M)和四分位数(P25,P75)描述;组间资料比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验、Kruskal-Wallis H检验;社会支持、赋权、健康素养之间的相关性及影响作用分析采用Spearman相关分析和多元线性回归分析;采用AMOS 24.0构建中介模型,并通过bootstrap方法进行检验。检验水准α=0.05。
根据Harman单因素检验,对全部变量即41个条目进行检验,结果显示:特征值>1的因子共有8个,第1个因子解释的变异量为31.98%,<40%的临界值[25],表明本次研究数据不存在严重的共同方法偏差。
243例T2DM患者中,男性141例(58.0%),女性102例(42.0%);患者年龄主要集中在≥60岁,占58.0%;已婚患者占82.3%;文化程度以小学及以下为主,占27.6%;月收入主要分布在<3 000元,占36.6%;职业类型以退休人员居多,占36.6%;病程主要集中在15年及以下,其中≤5年占25.5%,>5~10年占21.8%,>10~15占22.6%。此外,有67.1%的患者患有并发症。见表1。
T2DM患者健康素养得分、赋权得分、社会支持得分[M(P25,P75)]分别为53.00(40.00,61.00)、31.00(27.00,36.00)和72.00(61.00,81.00)分。其中性别、年龄、文化程度、月收入、职业类型、并发症在健康素养得分中存在显著差异;文化程度、月收入在社会支持得分中存在显著差异;文化程度、月收入、职业类型在赋权得分中存在显著差异(P<0.05)。见表1。
Spearman相关分析结果显示:T2DM患者社会支持与健康素养呈正相关(r=0.539,P<0.01),社会支持与赋权呈正相关(r=0.613,P<0.01)),赋权与健康素养呈正相关(r=0.597,P<0.01)。见表2。在控制单因素分析中有统计学意义的性别、年龄、文化程度、月收入、职业类型、并发症后,模型1和模型2将赋权和健康素养作为因变量,仅纳入社会支持作为自变量。结果显示:社会支持对赋权(β=0.516,t=9.456,P<0.001)和健康素养(β=0.402,t=8.992,P<0.001)均有影响。模型3则同时纳入社会支持和赋权作为自变量。结果显示,社会支持(β=0.254,t=5.072,P<0.001)和赋权(β=0.281,t=5.492,P<0.001)均能够显著影响健康素养,且R值从0.625上升到0.670,提示引入赋权变量后模型解释力度得到了增强。见表3。
在相关和回归分析的基础上,以社会支持为自变量,赋权为中介变量,健康素养为因变量,构建结构方程模型路径图,选择广义最小二乘法[26]进行参数估计,初始模型拟合结果显示:AGFI、RMSEA、CFI、IFI未达到拟合标准,根据修正指数及拟合指标进行模型的修正,添加残差变量之间的相关(e1与e3)进行模型拟合,修正后模型内各项拟合指数均符合拟合标准。见表4。采用偏差校正百分位的bootstrap法进行中介效应检验,结果显示:社会支持对健康素养的直接效应为2.195;赋权在社会支持与健康素养间的中介效应为1.036;总效应为3.232,中介效应占总效应的32.1%,提示赋权在社会支持与健康素养之间起部分中介作用。见表5,图1。
本研究结果显示,T2DM患者健康素养得分[M(P25,P75)]为53.00(40.00,61.00),高于Jafari A[28]的研究结果,其健康素养的平均值(标准差)为43.16(8.99)。可能是因为近年来健康教育普及的提高,患者对于糖尿病相关知识的了解和掌握程度有所增强,其健康素养得到了提升。赋权得分[M(P25,P75)]为31.00(27.00,36.00),处于中等水平,研究结果与其他文献一致[29]。社会支持得分[M(P25,P75)]为72.00(61.00,81.00),整体的社会支持水平较高,可能是因为与中国的传统相关,家庭成员之间有着深厚的情感和责任感,在长期治疗中,家人会提供照顾和陪伴,给予实际的支持。
本研究发现T2DM患者的社会支持与健康素养呈正相关,进一步的结构方程模型分析显示,社会支持可正向预测健康素养,即社会支持越高,其健康素养水平越高,与Mogessie等[30]研究结论一致。社会认知理论认为[31],个体的行为、认知和情感受到其所处社会环境的影响。社会支持作为患者社会环境的重要组成部分,通过提供信息、情感支持和实际帮助,增强患者管理疾病的信心和能力,提升了健康素养。社会支持理论中缓冲效应模型认为[32],在人们面临压力的情况下,社会支持能够帮助人们免受或减轻压力性事件的影响。在糖尿病管理中患者常面临血糖波动、并发症等压力,具有较高社会支持的患者往往在社交互动中更易感受到尊重、支持和理解,促使患者持有更加乐观积极的心态来应对问题,并且从家人、朋友等处获得实际的物质支持和信息支持越多,越能充分利用各种社会资源来改变生活方式,如采取合理饮食,血糖的监测等,从而进一步促进了健康素养的提升。
中介效应分析结果显示,赋权在T2DM患者社会支持和健康素养间起着部分中介作用。即社会支持的提升可以直接影响患者的健康素养,也可以通过增强赋权来提升健康素养。赋权是患者在疾病管理中自主决策、控制与责任承担的能力[8]。自我决定理论认为[33],个体与社会情境的交互过程中自主需要 、能力需要和归属需要得到满足,可以激发其内在动力,就可通过自主选择与自我调节实现健康行为的持续改变。根据此理论,本研究的作用机制则可能是社会支持通过提供必要的资源和情感支持,满足患者的基本心理需求,强化了对疾病管理的参与意愿,激活了其内在动机,进而提升了赋权,使患者从 “被动接受信息” 转变为 “主动获取与运用知识”,最终实现健康素养的提高。因此,赋权在社会支持与健康素养之间有着紧密的联系。因此,在开展健康教育时,要对患者社会支持、赋权方面重点关注,一方面医护人员或者社会组织应加大对糖尿病患者的关注和支持力度,可通过提供个性化的疾病管理服务、心理咨询服务,以及加强患者之间的沟通交流,促进信息与情绪上的支持。同时,鼓励家庭成员积极参与患者的疾病管理过程,提供情感支持和实际帮助,共同构建更加紧密的社会支持网络。另一方面,强化赋权教育模式,医护人员可结合患者的个人情况,引导患者积极参与治疗过程,共同制定健康计划,实现健康目标。
综上所述,本研究证实了赋权在社会支持与健康素养间起中介作用,但也存在一定局限性:一是,本项研究为横断面设计,因此无法确立T2DM患者社会支持、赋权与健康素养之间的因果关系及其变化轨迹;二是,本研究调查对象仅选取了贵州省一所三级甲等医院的内分泌科的患者,样本和地域的选择具有一定的局限性,这可能导致研究结果出现一定的偏倚。未来研究可采用纵向设计,长期观察和数据收集,以探讨三者间的动态变化和相互影响,以及扩大样本量和地域范围,纳入不同背景和病情的T2DM患者,提高研究的代表性。
  • 贵州省省级科技计划项目资助(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般375)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501163
  • 接收时间:2025-01-13
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2025-12-10
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贵州省省级科技计划项目资助(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般375)
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    1.贵州医科大学医药卫生管理学院,贵州 安顺 561113
    2.贵州医科大学大健康研究院,贵州 安顺 561113
    3.贵州医科大学附属医院内分泌代谢病科

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