Article(id=1323941252663747304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1323941237702668764, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504565, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745856000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793581792273, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1765296000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793581792273, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793581792273, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793581792273, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1323941237702668764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='23', pageStart='4225', pageEnd='4416', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1765296000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793581788707, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793581887795, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1323941653374959780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1323941237702668764, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1323941653374959781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1323941237702668764, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4230, endPage=4235, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1323941252940571369, articleId=1323941252663747304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Group-based trajectory modeling for sarcopenia risk assessment and analysis of influencing factors in chronic respiratory diseases, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the developmental trajectories of sarcopenia and its influencing factors in patients with chronic respiratory diseases.

Methods

The data from three waves (2011, 2013, and 2015) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were used to screen patients with chronic respiratory diseases who had sarcopenia-related information. Group-based trajectory modeling was employed to fit the developmental trajectories of sarcopenia in these patients,and multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors.

Results

A total of 1 138 chronic respiratory diseases patients with sarcopenia-related information were included in the study. Four developmental trajectories were identified:the low-risk stable group (38.66%, n=440), the high-risk declining group (15.29%, n=174), the U-shaped risk group (23.46%, n=267), and the high-risk stable group (22.58%, n=257). Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that age, gender,education level, body mass index (BMI), disease type, and hypertension were the influencing factors for the developmental trajectories of sarcopenia in patients with chronic respiratory diseases.

Conclusion

The progression of sarcopenia in patients with chronic respiratory diseases is characterized by dynamism and reversibility. Intervention should be preferentially carried out for the elderly, females, individuals with low education levels, low BMI, respiratory system comorbidities, and hypertension to improve muscle function and overall prognosis in patients with chronic respiratory diseases.

, authors=Chuan ZHAO1, Lan-ying PEI1, Ya-jing HE2, Jian-sheng LI2, authorsList=Chuan ZHAO, Lan-ying PEI, Ya-jing HE, Jian-sheng LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jian-sheng LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1323941254677013234, articleId=1323941252663747304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=基于组轨迹模型的慢性呼吸系统疾病并发肌少症风险评估及影响因素分析, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨慢性呼吸系统疾病患者肌少症发展轨迹及其影响因素。

方法

采用中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)2011、2013和2015年三期数据,筛选含有肌少症信息的慢性呼吸系统疾病患者,利用组轨迹模型拟合其发展轨迹,应用多分类logistic回归方法分析其影响因素。

结果

研究共纳入1 138名包含肌少症信息的慢性呼吸系统疾病患者,识别四条发展轨迹:低风险平稳组(38.66%,n=440)、高风险下降组(15.29%,n=174)、U型风险组(23.46%,n=267)、高风险平稳组(22.58%,n=257)。多分类logistic回归分析提示年龄、性别、文化程度、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、患病类型和高血压是慢性呼吸系统疾病患者肌少症发展轨迹的影响因素。

结论

慢性呼吸系统疾病患者肌少症发展进程具有动态性、可逆性的特征,应对高龄、女性、低文化程度、低BMI、呼吸系统共病及高血压人群优先采取干预措施,以期改善慢性呼吸系统疾病患者的肌肉功能和整体预后。

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赵川(1987—),男,博士在读,研究方向:呼吸疾病基础与临床研究

, correspAuthorsNote=
李建生,E-mail:
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Journal of Cachexia,Sarcopenia and Muscle, 2022, 13 (2): 781-794., articleTitle=Pathogenesis of sarcopenia and the relationship with fat mass: descriptive review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1323941259554988844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941252663747304, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=51, issue=12, pageStart=2133, pageEnd=2139, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=刘巧, 杨巧玲, 段娅娟, journalName=现代预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘巧,杨巧玲,段娅娟, 等. 共病老人肌少症异质性轨迹和影响因素研究——基于CHARLS数据的实证分析 [J]. 现代预防医学, 2024, 51 (12): 2133-2139., articleTitle=共病老人肌少症异质性轨迹和影响因素研究——基于CHARLS数据的实证分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1323941259638874925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941252663747304, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=51, issue=12, pageStart=2133, pageEnd=2139, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Liu Q, Yang QL, Duan YJ, journalName=Modern Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Q, Yang QL, Duan YJ, et al. Heterogeneous trajectory of sarcopenia and associated factors among older adults with multimorbidity: an empirical study based on CHARLS survey data [J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024, 51 (12): 2133-2139. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Heterogeneous trajectory of sarcopenia and associated factors among older adults with multimorbidity: an empirical study based on CHARLS survey data, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1323941258309280544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941252663747304, awardId=2023YFC3 502600, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划中医药现代化重点专项项目(2023YFC3 502600), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1323941254987391731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941252663747304, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1323941254995780340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941252663747304, companyId=1323941254987391731, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1323941255004168949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941252663747304, companyId=1323941254987391731, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河南中医药大学医学院预防医学教研室,河南 郑州 450046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1323941255083860726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941252663747304, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1323941255092249335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941252663747304, companyId=1323941255083860726, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河南中医药大学呼吸疾病中医药防治省部共建协同创新中心 河南省中医药防治呼吸病重点实验室,河南 郑州 450046)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1323941256975491860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941252663747304, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=The selection process of participants, figureFileSmall=DcNsGBd0rvvX5EHkcQQQ5w==, figureFileBig=grfCLVVsSkFcxaY5vkOJfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1323941257067766549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941252663747304, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究对象筛选流程图, figureFileSmall=DcNsGBd0rvvX5EHkcQQQ5w==, figureFileBig=grfCLVVsSkFcxaY5vkOJfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1323941257311036182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941252663747304, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=GBTM of sarcopenia in patients with CRD, figureFileSmall=AK2nGWN0K5vEEqXsTadmkQ==, figureFileBig=pGqZHZoecTqSDQZqnBa2+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1323941257403310871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941252663747304, language=CN, label=图2, caption=CRD患者肌少症GBTM, figureFileSmall=AK2nGWN0K5vEEqXsTadmkQ==, figureFileBig=pGqZHZoecTqSDQZqnBa2+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1323941257503974168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941252663747304, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Distribution of sarcopenia statuses in patients with CRD at different stages [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时期(年)无肌少症组可能肌少症组肌少症组严重肌少症组χ2值P值
2011649(57.03)4(0.35)384(33.74)101(8.88)43.99<0.001
2013753(66.17)9(0.79)292(25.66)84(7.38)
2015627(55.10)3(0.26)374(32.86)134(11.78)
), ArticleFig(id=1323941257617220377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941252663747304, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

CRD患者不同时期肌少症状况分布[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时期(年)无肌少症组可能肌少症组肌少症组严重肌少症组χ2值P值
2011649(57.03)4(0.35)384(33.74)101(8.88)43.99<0.001
2013753(66.17)9(0.79)292(25.66)84(7.38)
2015627(55.10)3(0.26)374(32.86)134(11.78)
), ArticleFig(id=1323941257726272282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941252663747304, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Assessment of GBTM fit for sarcopenia in patients with CRD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型评价指标模型类别数量
12345
BIC10 252.429 962.889 821.299 006.139 170.65
AIC10 217.429 902.449 735.668 895.329 034.65
模型各组占比组1:55.27%组1:38.66%组1:38.66%-
组2:44.73%组2:16.61%组2:15.29%组2:38.66%
组3:44.73%组3:23.46%组3:16.43%
组4:22.58%组4:23.55%
组5:21.35%
平均后验概率组1:0.9916组1:0.9789组1:0.9926-
组2:0.9728组2:0.8984组2:0.9944组2:0.9830
组3:0.9678组3:0.9963组3:0.9674
组4:0.9845组4:0.9923
组5:0.0056
), ArticleFig(id=1323941257822741275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941252663747304, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

CRD患者肌少症GBTM拟合评价

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型评价指标模型类别数量
12345
BIC10 252.429 962.889 821.299 006.139 170.65
AIC10 217.429 902.449 735.668 895.329 034.65
模型各组占比组1:55.27%组1:38.66%组1:38.66%-
组2:44.73%组2:16.61%组2:15.29%组2:38.66%
组3:44.73%组3:23.46%组3:16.43%
组4:22.58%组4:23.55%
组5:21.35%
平均后验概率组1:0.9916组1:0.9789组1:0.9926-
组2:0.9728组2:0.8984组2:0.9944组2:0.9830
组3:0.9678组3:0.9963组3:0.9674
组4:0.9845组4:0.9923
组5:0.0056
), ArticleFig(id=1323941257931793180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941252663747304, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Baseline characteristics of sarcopenia trajectory groups in patients with CRD [(), n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量低风险平稳组
(n=440)
高风险下降组
(n=174)
U型风险组
(n=267)
高风险平稳组(n=
257)
F/χ2值P值
年龄(岁)57.81±7.7260.98±8.5364.09±9.4866.45±8.7364.77<0.001
性别26.02<0.001
男性272(61.82)69(39.66)137(51.31)139(54.09)
女性168(38.18)105(60.34)130(48.69)118(45.91)
婚姻状况13.290.004
已婚388(88.18)145(83.33)226(84.64)200(77.82)
其他52(11.82)29(16.67)41(15.36)57(22.18)
文化程度80.80<0.001
文盲89(20.23)59(33.91)105(39.33)102(39.69)
小学202(45.91)83(47.70)123(46.07)126(49.30)
初中98(22.27)25(14.37)27(10.11)18(7.00)
高中及以上51(11.59)7(4.02)12(4.49)11(4.28)
居住地5.610.132
城镇301(68.41)120(68.97)202(75.66)190(73.93)
农村139(31.59)54(31.03)65(24.43)67(26.07)
BMI(kg/m2)23.50±3.9623.09±3.9122.73±4.8622.04±3.816.99<0.001
腰围(cm)84.20±13.1284.50±10.2483.48±13.5581.82±14.192.150.092
确诊时间(年)16.49±14.6219.60±17.8416.93±15.7515.76±15.482.2930.077
呼吸病患病类型15.290.018
慢性肺部疾病323(73.4)117(67.2)187(70.0)154(59.9)
哮喘46(10.5)18(10.3)31(11.6)40(15.6)
两者兼有71(16.1)39(22.4)49(18.4)63(24.5)
吸烟16.610.001
否196(44.55)109(62.64)130(48.69)131(50.97)
是244(55.45)65(37.36)137(51.31)126(49.03)
饮酒6.730.081
否350(79.55)151(86.78)210(78.65)198(77.04)
是90(20.45)23(13.22)57(21.35)59(22.96)
高血压14.190.003
否351(79.77)120(68.97)194(72.66)176(68.48)
是89(20.23)54(31.03)73(27.34)81(31.52)
糖尿病3.630.304
否412(93.64)160(91.95)251(94.01)232(90.27)
是28(6.36)14(8.05)16(5.99)25(9.73)
血脂异常0.120.989
否398(90.45)157(90.23)241(90.26)234(91.05)
是42(9.55)17(9.77)26(9.74)23(8.95)
), ArticleFig(id=1323941258019873565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941252663747304, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

CRD患者肌少症轨迹分组基线特征[(),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量低风险平稳组
(n=440)
高风险下降组
(n=174)
U型风险组
(n=267)
高风险平稳组(n=
257)
F/χ2值P值
年龄(岁)57.81±7.7260.98±8.5364.09±9.4866.45±8.7364.77<0.001
性别26.02<0.001
男性272(61.82)69(39.66)137(51.31)139(54.09)
女性168(38.18)105(60.34)130(48.69)118(45.91)
婚姻状况13.290.004
已婚388(88.18)145(83.33)226(84.64)200(77.82)
其他52(11.82)29(16.67)41(15.36)57(22.18)
文化程度80.80<0.001
文盲89(20.23)59(33.91)105(39.33)102(39.69)
小学202(45.91)83(47.70)123(46.07)126(49.30)
初中98(22.27)25(14.37)27(10.11)18(7.00)
高中及以上51(11.59)7(4.02)12(4.49)11(4.28)
居住地5.610.132
城镇301(68.41)120(68.97)202(75.66)190(73.93)
农村139(31.59)54(31.03)65(24.43)67(26.07)
BMI(kg/m2)23.50±3.9623.09±3.9122.73±4.8622.04±3.816.99<0.001
腰围(cm)84.20±13.1284.50±10.2483.48±13.5581.82±14.192.150.092
确诊时间(年)16.49±14.6219.60±17.8416.93±15.7515.76±15.482.2930.077
呼吸病患病类型15.290.018
慢性肺部疾病323(73.4)117(67.2)187(70.0)154(59.9)
哮喘46(10.5)18(10.3)31(11.6)40(15.6)
两者兼有71(16.1)39(22.4)49(18.4)63(24.5)
吸烟16.610.001
否196(44.55)109(62.64)130(48.69)131(50.97)
是244(55.45)65(37.36)137(51.31)126(49.03)
饮酒6.730.081
否350(79.55)151(86.78)210(78.65)198(77.04)
是90(20.45)23(13.22)57(21.35)59(22.96)
高血压14.190.003
否351(79.77)120(68.97)194(72.66)176(68.48)
是89(20.23)54(31.03)73(27.34)81(31.52)
糖尿病3.630.304
否412(93.64)160(91.95)251(94.01)232(90.27)
是28(6.36)14(8.05)16(5.99)25(9.73)
血脂异常0.120.989
否398(90.45)157(90.23)241(90.26)234(91.05)
是42(9.55)17(9.77)26(9.74)23(8.95)
), ArticleFig(id=1323941258116342558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941252663747304, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of multinomial logistic regression analysis for sarcopenia trajectory groups in patients with CRD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量高风险下降组U型风险组高风险平稳组
OR(95% CI)P值OR(95% CI)P值OR(95% CI)P值
年龄(岁)
45~59——————
≥601.82(1.25~2.67)0.0022.62(1.87~3.68)<0.0013.72(2.57~5.37)<0.001
性别
女——————
男0.43(0.29~0.65)<0.0010.78(0.55~1.12)0.1800.79(0.54~1.15)0.211
文化程度
文盲——————
小学0.82(0.52~1.28)0.3770.56(0.38~0.83)0.0040.59(0.39~0.87)0.009
初中0.61(0.34~1.09)0.0960.32(0.19~0.56)<0.0010.23(0.13~0.44)<0.001
高中及以上0.34(0.14~0.84)0.0190.25(0.12~0.52)<0.0010.25(0.12~0.55)<0.001
BMI
偏瘦1.68(0.90~3.13)0.1011.74(1.01~2.97)0.0451.65(0.96~2.83)0.071
正常——————
超重0.94(0.60~1.47)0.7850.77(0.52~1.16)0.2170.57(0.37~0.87)0.010
肥胖0.75(0.41~1.39)0.3570.93(0.54~1.58)0.7810.45(0.24~0.85)0.013
呼吸病患病类型
慢性肺部疾病——————
哮喘1.09(0.60~1.99)0.7881.16(0.69~1.94)0.5731.87(1.13~3.11)0.015
两者兼有1.64(1.03~2.59)0.0361.25(0.82~1.92)0.3002.00(1.31~3.05)0.001
高血压
否——————
是1.74(1.13~2.66)0.0111.47(0.99~2.17)0.0512.04(1.38~3.03)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1323941258191840031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941252663747304, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

CRD患者肌少症组轨迹多分类logistic回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量高风险下降组U型风险组高风险平稳组
OR(95% CI)P值OR(95% CI)P值OR(95% CI)P值
年龄(岁)
45~59——————
≥601.82(1.25~2.67)0.0022.62(1.87~3.68)<0.0013.72(2.57~5.37)<0.001
性别
女——————
男0.43(0.29~0.65)<0.0010.78(0.55~1.12)0.1800.79(0.54~1.15)0.211
文化程度
文盲——————
小学0.82(0.52~1.28)0.3770.56(0.38~0.83)0.0040.59(0.39~0.87)0.009
初中0.61(0.34~1.09)0.0960.32(0.19~0.56)<0.0010.23(0.13~0.44)<0.001
高中及以上0.34(0.14~0.84)0.0190.25(0.12~0.52)<0.0010.25(0.12~0.55)<0.001
BMI
偏瘦1.68(0.90~3.13)0.1011.74(1.01~2.97)0.0451.65(0.96~2.83)0.071
正常——————
超重0.94(0.60~1.47)0.7850.77(0.52~1.16)0.2170.57(0.37~0.87)0.010
肥胖0.75(0.41~1.39)0.3570.93(0.54~1.58)0.7810.45(0.24~0.85)0.013
呼吸病患病类型
慢性肺部疾病——————
哮喘1.09(0.60~1.99)0.7881.16(0.69~1.94)0.5731.87(1.13~3.11)0.015
两者兼有1.64(1.03~2.59)0.0361.25(0.82~1.92)0.3002.00(1.31~3.05)0.001
高血压
否——————
是1.74(1.13~2.66)0.0111.47(0.99~2.17)0.0512.04(1.38~3.03)<0.001
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基于组轨迹模型的慢性呼吸系统疾病并发肌少症风险评估及影响因素分析
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赵川 1 , 裴兰英 1 , 贺亚静 2 , 李建生 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(23): 4230-4235
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2025 , 52 (23) : 4230 -4235
基于组轨迹模型的慢性呼吸系统疾病并发肌少症风险评估及影响因素分析
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赵川1, 裴兰英1, 贺亚静2, 李建生2
作者信息
  • 1.河南中医药大学医学院预防医学教研室,河南 郑州 450046
  • 2.河南中医药大学呼吸疾病中医药防治省部共建协同创新中心 河南省中医药防治呼吸病重点实验室,河南 郑州 450046
通讯作者:
李建生,E-mail:
作者简介:

赵川(1987—),男,博士在读,研究方向:呼吸疾病基础与临床研究

Group-based trajectory modeling for sarcopenia risk assessment and analysis of influencing factors in chronic respiratory diseases
Chuan ZHAO1, Lan-ying PEI1, Ya-jing HE2, Jian-sheng LI2
Affiliations
  • Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046,China
出版时间: 2025-12-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504565
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目的

探讨慢性呼吸系统疾病患者肌少症发展轨迹及其影响因素。

方法

采用中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)2011、2013和2015年三期数据,筛选含有肌少症信息的慢性呼吸系统疾病患者,利用组轨迹模型拟合其发展轨迹,应用多分类logistic回归方法分析其影响因素。

结果

研究共纳入1 138名包含肌少症信息的慢性呼吸系统疾病患者,识别四条发展轨迹:低风险平稳组(38.66%,n=440)、高风险下降组(15.29%,n=174)、U型风险组(23.46%,n=267)、高风险平稳组(22.58%,n=257)。多分类logistic回归分析提示年龄、性别、文化程度、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、患病类型和高血压是慢性呼吸系统疾病患者肌少症发展轨迹的影响因素。

结论

慢性呼吸系统疾病患者肌少症发展进程具有动态性、可逆性的特征,应对高龄、女性、低文化程度、低BMI、呼吸系统共病及高血压人群优先采取干预措施,以期改善慢性呼吸系统疾病患者的肌肉功能和整体预后。

慢性呼吸系统疾病  /  肌少症  /  组轨迹模型  /  影响因素
Objective

To explore the developmental trajectories of sarcopenia and its influencing factors in patients with chronic respiratory diseases.

Methods

The data from three waves (2011, 2013, and 2015) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were used to screen patients with chronic respiratory diseases who had sarcopenia-related information. Group-based trajectory modeling was employed to fit the developmental trajectories of sarcopenia in these patients,and multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors.

Results

A total of 1 138 chronic respiratory diseases patients with sarcopenia-related information were included in the study. Four developmental trajectories were identified:the low-risk stable group (38.66%, n=440), the high-risk declining group (15.29%, n=174), the U-shaped risk group (23.46%, n=267), and the high-risk stable group (22.58%, n=257). Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that age, gender,education level, body mass index (BMI), disease type, and hypertension were the influencing factors for the developmental trajectories of sarcopenia in patients with chronic respiratory diseases.

Conclusion

The progression of sarcopenia in patients with chronic respiratory diseases is characterized by dynamism and reversibility. Intervention should be preferentially carried out for the elderly, females, individuals with low education levels, low BMI, respiratory system comorbidities, and hypertension to improve muscle function and overall prognosis in patients with chronic respiratory diseases.

Chronic respiratory diseases  /  Sarcopenia  /  Group-based trajectory modeling  /  Influencing factors
赵川, 裴兰英, 贺亚静, 李建生. 基于组轨迹模型的慢性呼吸系统疾病并发肌少症风险评估及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (23) : 4230 -4235 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504565
Chuan ZHAO, Lan-ying PEI, Ya-jing HE, Jian-sheng LI. Group-based trajectory modeling for sarcopenia risk assessment and analysis of influencing factors in chronic respiratory diseases[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (23) : 4230 -4235 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504565
慢性呼吸系统疾病(chronic respiratory diseases,CRD)是重要的全球性公共卫生问题,主要包括慢性阻塞性肺疾病、间质性肺疾病和哮喘等,具有高患病率、高致残率和高病死率等特点,给个人和社会带来沉重的经济负担[1]。肌少症是一种随年龄增长肌肉质量和力量下降的进行性、全身性骨骼肌疾病,增加了包括跌倒、骨折、身体残疾等发生的可能性[2]。CRD患者因受长期缺氧、慢性炎症、营养失衡等多因素影响,可出现包括萎缩、虚弱等特征的肌肉功能障碍[3],而肌少症是CRD的重要肺外表现,两者共病严重影响患者生命质量。研究显示肌少症的发展可呈动态性,受个体特征和健康行为影响,不同肌少症阶段可能存在双向转换[4]。目前,CRD患者肌少症发展趋势并不清楚,识别其发展轨迹和影响因素有利于早期发现易感人群并根据疾病所处阶段开展针对性干预。本研究旨在探讨CRD患者肌少症发展轨迹,分析其可能影响因素,为预防CRD患者肌少症的发生发展提供参考。
本研究数据来源于中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS)2011、2013和2015年三期资料。纳入标准:诊断患有CRD,包含慢性肺部疾病和哮喘;2011年基线年龄≥45岁;三期均具有完整的肌少症数据。本研究共纳入CRD患者1 138名,具体筛选流程见图1。
肌少症亚洲工作组诊断及治疗共识[5]主要通过肌肉力量、肌肉质量和躯体功能定义肌少症。本研究诊断依据如下:(1)肌肉力量:握力(男性)<28 kg、握力(女性)<18 kg为肌肉力量下降;(2)肌肉质量:采用中国成人模型[6]的四肢骨骼肌质量(appendicular skeletal muscle mass,ASM)估算,ASM =0.193×体重(kg)+0.107×身高(m)-4.157×性别(男性=1,女性=2)-0.037×年龄-2.631,男性<7.0 kg/m2、女性<5.4 kg/m2为肌肉质量下降;(3)躯体功能:5次起坐时间>12s或未能完成测试者为躯体功能下降。可能肌少症指仅出现肌肉力量和(或)躯体功能下降;肌少症指在肌肉质量下降的基础上,出现肌肉力量或躯体功能下降;严重肌少症指在肌肉质量下降的基础上,出现肌肉力量和躯体功能下降[5]。按照肌少症严重程度,将无肌少症至严重肌少症分别赋值为0~3。
主要涉及人口学特征(年龄、性别、婚姻状况、文化程度、居住地)、体检指标(身高、体重、腰围)、行为习惯(吸烟、饮酒)、常见慢性疾病状况(高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症)、以及CRD相关因素(呼吸病患病类型:慢性肺部疾病、哮喘、两者兼有;确诊时间以2011年调查时为截止时间,缺失值以平均值填充)。性别(男、女)、婚姻状况(已婚、其他)、居住地(城镇、农村)、吸烟(是、否)、饮酒(是、否)、高血压(是、否)、糖尿病(是、否)、高血脂症(是、否)为二分类变量;文化程度(文盲、小学、初中、高中及以上)、呼吸病类型(慢性肺部疾病、哮喘、两者兼有)为多分类变量;年龄(45~59岁、≥60岁)在logistic回归时为二分类变量,其他处理时为定量资料;腰围为定量资料。定义身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)<18.5 kg/m2为偏瘦;18.5 kg/m2≤BMI<24 kg/m2为正常体重;24 kg/m2≤BMI<28 kg/m2为超重;28 kg/m2≤BMI为肥胖。
应用R 4.4.3、SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。采用组轨迹模型(group-based trajectory modeling,GBTM)确定分类数量和形状潜在轨迹,先验设置最大5个轨迹类别,并拟合1~5个轨迹类别数量逐渐增大的模型序列,估计每个轨迹的不同变化参数,以获取描述肌少症状态动态变化的最佳函数,根据函数计算肌少症严重程度预测值(肌少症状态)。使用贝叶斯信息准则(Beyesian information criterion,BIC)和赤池信息准则(Akaike information criterion,AIC)进行最优模型判定,两者绝对值越小表明模型拟合越好;模型每个轨迹组个体占比不小于5%且个体分配到轨迹组的平均后验概率需大于0.7[7]。确定最佳模型后,以肌少症状态为纵坐标,调查年份为横坐标,结合轨迹类别数量绘制GBTM。以GBTM分类为因变量,将所有已知影响因素和潜在混杂因素纳入多分类logistic回归分析探究组轨迹的可能影响因素。检验水准α=0.05。
1 138名CRD患者在2011、2013和2015年三个时期,无肌少症、可能肌少症、肌少症和严重肌少症分布存在统计学差异。见表1。
拟合1~5个类别GBTM,结果显示随类别数量增多,BIC和AIC先减小后增大,在分为4类时取最小值。此外,在分为5类时,构建的模型实际分类仅有4类。结合模型可解释性,最终选择分为4类的模型。见表2。
根据4类CRD患者肌少症发展轨迹趋势特点,分别命名为低风险平稳组(组1,n=440)、高风险下降组(组2,n=174)、U型风险组(组3,n=267)、高风险平稳组(组4,n=257)。见图2。
通过4类CRD患者肌少症轨迹组的基线特征可知,高风险下降组的女性占比较高、吸烟和饮酒占比较低,高风险平稳组的平均年龄最大、BMI平均值最小。各轨迹组间在年龄、性别、婚姻状况、文化程度、BMI、呼吸病患病类型、吸烟和高血压等方面存在统计学差异。见表3。
以CRD患者肌少症组轨迹分类为因变量、低风险平稳组为参照,将年龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒、BMI、确诊时间、呼吸病患病类型、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常等作为自变量进行多分类logistic回归分析。结果显示与低风险平稳组相比,较大年龄者肌少症发生风险在高风险下降组(OR=1.82,95% CI:1.25~2.67,P=0.002)、U型风险组(OR=2.62,95% CI:1.87~3.68,P<0.001)和高风险平稳组(OR=3.72,95% CI:2.57~5.37,P<0.001)逐渐增大;超重(OR=0.57,95% CI:0.37~0.87,P=0.015)、肥胖(OR=0.45,95% CI:0.24~0.85,P=0.013)不容易进入高风险平稳组;患慢性肺部疾病合并哮喘、高血压时更容易出现在高风险下降组(OR=1.64,95% CI:1.03~2.59,P=0.036;OR=1.74,95% CI:1.13~2.66,P=0.011)和高风险平稳组(OR=2.00,95% CI:1.31~3.05,P=0.001;OR=2.04,95% CI:1.38~3.03,P<0.001)。见表4。
本研究通过对CHARLS数据库CRD患者肌少症组轨迹进行分析,发现其进展过程呈现动态性、可逆性特征,与相关研究结果一致[4],这为识别影响因素、及早开展干预进而改善肌少症严重程度提供了可能。组轨迹变化趋势显示,低风险稳定组预示患者长期处于肌少症低风险状态,高风险降低组反映肌少症发展过程中出现了逆转,U型风险组提示肌少症严重程度先降低后又快速升高,高风险平稳组说明患者初始肌少症风险较高并长期维持,通过对可能影响轨迹发生发展的因素进行探讨,将为采取有效干预措施提供指导。
年龄是CRD患者肌少症发生发展的重要影响因素,增龄可引起肺功能减退和骨骼肌质量与功能下降,使肌少症发生风险增加。相较肌肉质量降低,肌肉力量不足成为诊断肌少症的首要指标[5],肌少症发生不仅与个体晚年肌肉质量和力量损失速度有关,还与生命早期肌肉达到的峰值有关,不同于CRD从成年开始就呈现持续增长趋势,肌少症在老年人中最为常见[2]。本研究发现相较于无肌少症组,肌少症组和严重肌少症组的平均年龄明显增高;相较于低风险平稳组,高风险下降组、U型风险组、高风险平稳组的平均年龄依次增高,同时高龄人群发生风险也依次增加,说明年龄在CRD患者肌少症的发生中占据重要地位。虽然老龄化进程不可逆转,但在相对低年龄阶段及早采取干预措施,可以降低肌少症加重风险,甚至有逆转肌少症状态的可能。
性别是CRD患者肌少症发生发展的又一重要影响因素,有研究显示女性更容易患肌少症[7],本研究基线资料也显示相较无肌少症组,肌少症组女性患者占比较高。雌激素在骨骼肌稳态和运动能力中发挥着至关重要的作用,绝经后妇女雌激素下降可引起内分泌与代谢功能障碍,进而造成肌肉质量和力量下降[8],这可能是造成女性肌少症患者占比较高的原因。组轨迹分组基线特征显示高风险下降组女性占比较高,多分类logistic回归分析显示女性更容易出现在高风险下降组,说明通过有效干预女性CRD患者肌少症更有可能发生逆转。
文化程度是CRD患者肌少症发生发展中的保护因素,在U型风险组和高风险平稳组,文化程度的保护作用体现的更为明显。研究显示低文化群体肌少症患病比例更高[9],可能是较高文化群体获取疾病相关知识和健康保健方法的途径更加广泛,有助于形成更为健康的行为习惯。因此,应加强低文化群体的健康宣教活动,改善可能存在的不良生活方式,以期降低肌少症的严重程度。
相较于无肌少症组,肌少症组和严重肌少症组的BMI均值依次降低;相较于低风险平稳组,高风险下降组、U型风险组、高风险平稳组的BMI均值也依次降低;多分类logistic分析结果显示超重和肥胖CRD患者更不容易出现在高风险平稳组,说明BMI与肌少症发生风险可能存在一定程度的反向关系。研究显示较高BMI与肌少症较低发病率有关,并可促进肌少症的可逆性进展[10]。同时,年龄相关性肥胖和肌少症密切相关,衰老过程中脂肪重新分布和骨骼肌脂肪浸润,可造成肌肉力量与功能下降,甚至促进肌少性肥胖的发展[11]。因此,高BMI对肌少症的影响可能具有双向性,可探索BMI适宜范围,指导CRD人群开展体重控制,以便采取有效干预措施。
本研究发现,慢性肺部疾病合并哮喘患者更容易出现在高风险组,提示在CRD患者肌少症预防中,不仅要关注传统危险因素,还应结合共病特征进行管理,早期识别高风险个体并采取针对性措施。本研究还发现高血压是影响肌少症发展的重要因素,相较于无肌少症组,肌少症组和严重肌少症组高血压占比依次增加;多分类logistic回归分析显示,相较于低风险平稳组,高风险下降组、高风险平稳组高血压人群肌少症发生风险增加,说明CRD与高血压共病时,患者早期即呈现高风险状态,但通过干预肌少症状态可发生转变。本研究在进行基线资料比较时发现吸烟在各比较组间存在统计学差异,相较于无肌少症组,肌少症组和严重肌少症组吸烟个体占比反而更低,这与有关研究结果相似[12],但该结果需要审慎对待,两者关系需进一步研究。同时,本研究结果显示吸烟、饮酒个体在肌少症高风险下降组占比较低,提示良好健康行为可能是造成肌少症逆转的有益因素。
综上所述,本研究基于CHARLS数据库,分析发现CRD患者肌少症的发展轨迹包括低风险平稳组(长期低风险)、高风险下降组(逆转趋势)、U型风险组(先降后升)及高风险平稳组(持续高风险)等四类,证实肌少症发展进程具有动态性、可逆性的特征,为早期干预提供了依据,实践中应优先对高龄、女性、低BMI及高血压人群进行干预,注重提升低文化群体的疾病认知水平,加强戒烟限酒等健康行为的宣传教育,结合体重管理与共病控制等,采取综合干预措施有望改善CRD患者的肌肉功能和整体预后。
  • 国家重点研发计划中医药现代化重点专项项目(2023YFC3 502600)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504565
  • 接收时间:2025-04-29
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2025-12-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-29
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国家重点研发计划中医药现代化重点专项项目(2023YFC3 502600)
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    1.河南中医药大学医学院预防医学教研室,河南 郑州 450046
    2.河南中医药大学呼吸疾病中医药防治省部共建协同创新中心 河南省中医药防治呼吸病重点实验室,河南 郑州 450046

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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