Article(id=1322609136701911637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505303, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747843200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793264191078, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793264191078, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793264191078, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793264191078, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322609030938346427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='22', pageStart='4033', pageEnd='4224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793264165863, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793264299902, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322609593264489401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322609593264489402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4194, endPage=4200, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322609136974541398, articleId=1322609136701911637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Applications of large language models in mental health interventions: feasibility, current status, and future trends, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To systematically review the current research status, feasibility, and future prospects of using large language models(LLMs)for mental health interventions.

Methods

We searched literature published between January 2023 and March 2025 on LLM-based mental health interventions across databases including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. After screening, the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool(MMAT)was used for quality assessment. Key data were extracted, including study characteristics, model types, and supported languages.

Results

Twenty-one English-language studies were included. Twelve studies employed population-based intervention trials, investigating the effects of LLMs in reducing anxiety, identifying and intervening in cognitive distortions, measuring and fostering psychological resilience in children, alleviating depression and loneliness, and enhancing willingness to engage in mindfulness training. Results indicated that LLMs demonstrated some efficacy in these tasks. Another seven studies supported the feasibility of LLM-based mental health interventions in three key areas: psychological knowledge consultation, emotional support, and therapeutic assistance. However, challenges such as bias, cultural adaptability, and privacy concerns remain. Seven studies used English as the model language, while thirteen applied prompt engineering or instruction fine-tuning to adapt the models, with adjusted models showing improved performance in specific mental health tasks. Quality assessment revealed that existing studies were limited.

Conclusion

LLMs show promising potential in mental health promotion. Future research should refine model strategies to enhance task performance and incorporate rigorously designed empirical research to ensure scientifically robust efficacy evaluations.

, authors=Xu XUE1, Kun CHEN1, Jia-wen LIU1, Peng JIA2, 3, Bin YU1, 4, Shu-juan YANG1, 3, 5, authorsList=Xu XUE, Kun CHEN, Jia-wen LIU, Peng JIA, Bin YU, Shu-juan YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shu-juan YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322609139491123805, articleId=1322609136701911637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=大语言模型在心理健康干预中的研究进展, columnId=1228016570119680182, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=临床与预防, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

本研究系统梳理采用大语言模型(Large language models, LLMs)进行心理健康干预的研究现状、可行性及未来展望。

方法

在中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、Pubmed、Scopus、Web of Science上检索2023年1月至2025年3月期间发表的有关LLMs在心理健康干预领域文献,筛选后,使用混合方法评价工具(MMAT)进行质量评价,并提取文献的基本信息、研究模型、模型支持语言等内容。

结果

纳入21篇英文文献,12项研究采用人群干预试验,研究了LLMs在减少焦虑、识别干预认知扭曲、测量和培养儿童心理弹性、减轻抑郁和孤独感以及提升正念训练参与意愿等方面的干预效果,结果显示LLMs在以上任务中有一定效果。另外9项研究从心理知识咨询、情绪支持、治疗辅助三个方面证明LLMs心理干预可行性较高,但仍存在偏见、文化适应性和隐私保护等问题。7项研究选择英语作为模型语言,13项通过提示工程或指令微调对模型进行了调整,且调整后的模型在具体心理健康任务中具有更好的表现。文献的质量评价表明研究质量普遍不高。

结论

LLMs在心理健康促进领域具备一定应用前景,未来应进一步完善模型策略以提高任务表现、并设计规范严谨的实证研究以获得科学的效果评价。

, authors=薛旭1, 陈坤1, 刘佳雯1, 贾鹏2, 3, 余彬1, 4, 杨淑娟1, 3, 5, authorsList=薛旭, 陈坤, 刘佳雯, 贾鹏, 余彬, 杨淑娟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨淑娟, authorNote=

薛旭和陈坤为共同第一作者。

薛旭(2003—),男,本科在读,研究方向:健康行为与社会医学;

陈坤(2003—),男,本科在读,研究方向:健康行为与社会医学

, correspAuthorsNote=
杨淑娟,E-mail:
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3.武汉大学空间全生命周期健康国际研究中心
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BMC Psychology, 2025, 13: 175., articleTitle=The use of artificial intelligence in psychotherapy:development of intelligent therapeutic systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322609148538237621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=A Na H, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=A Na H. CBT-LLM: A Chinese Large Language Model for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-based Mental Health Question Answering [EB/OL]. [2025-09-30]. https://aclanthology.org/2024.lrec-main.261.pdf., articleTitle=CBT-LLM: A Chinese Large Language Model for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-based Mental Health Question Answering, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322609148626318006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=13, issue=3, pageStart=2635, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Andrade AL, Yactayo-Arias C, journalName=IAES Int.J.Artif.Intell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Andrade AL, Yactayo-Arias C. Chatbot with ChatGPT technology for mental wellbeing and emotional management [J]. IAES Int.J.Artif.Intell, 2024, 13 (3): 2635., articleTitle=Chatbot with ChatGPT technology for mental wellbeing and emotional management, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322609148693426871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Alessa A, Al-Khalifa H, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Alessa A, Al-Khalifa H. Towards designing a ChatGPT conversational companion for elderly people [EB/OL]. [2025-09-30]. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3594806.3596572., articleTitle=Towards designing a ChatGPT conversational companion for elderly people, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322609148777312952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=246, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Llanes-Jurado J, Gómez-Zaragozá L, Minissi ME, journalName=Expert Systems with Applications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Llanes-Jurado J, Gómez-Zaragozá L, Minissi ME, et al. Developing conversational Virtual Humans for social emotion elicitation based on large language models [J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2024, 246: 123261., articleTitle=Developing conversational Virtual Humans for social emotion elicitation based on large language models, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322609148865393337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=11, issue=4, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Levkovich I, Elyoseph Z, journalName=Fam Med Community Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Levkovich I, Elyoseph Z. Identifying depression and its determinants upon initiating treatment: ChatGPT versus primary care physicians [J]. Fam Med Community Health, 2023, 11 (4): e002391., articleTitle=Identifying depression and its determinants upon initiating treatment: ChatGPT versus primary care physicians, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322609148940890810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=12, issue=6, pageStart=683, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Berrezueta-Guzman S, Kandil M, Martín-Ruiz ML, journalName=Healthcare, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Berrezueta-Guzman S, Kandil M, Martín-Ruiz ML, et al. Future of ADHD care: evaluating the efficacy of ChatGPT in therapy enhancement [J]. Healthcare, 2024, 12 (6): 683., articleTitle=Future of ADHD care: evaluating the efficacy of ChatGPT in therapy enhancement, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322609149003805371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=49, issue=9, pageStart=1412, pageEnd=1416, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Perlis RH, Goldberg JF, Ostacher MJ, journalName=Neuropsychopharmacology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Perlis RH, Goldberg JF, Ostacher MJ, et al. Clinical decision support for bipolar depression using large language models [J]. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2024, 49 (9): 1412-1416., articleTitle=Clinical decision support for bipolar depression using large language models, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322609149066719932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Zhao Y, Li Z, Wang Y, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao Y, Li Z, Wang Y, et al. DreamDirector: designing a generative AI system to aid therapists in treating clients’nightmares [EB/OL]. [2025-09-30]. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3708359.3712078., articleTitle=DreamDirector: designing a generative AI system to aid therapists in treating clients’nightmares, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322609149129634493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Kang b HMD, Evaluation of a Mental Health Chatbot Using ChatGPT 4, journalName=JMIR Med Inform, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kang b HMD, Evaluation of a Mental Health Chatbot Using ChatGPT 4. 0: mixed methods user experience study with korean users [J]. JMIR Med Inform, 2025, 13: e63538., articleTitle=0: mixed methods user experience study with korean users, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322609149213520574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=18, issue=11, pageStart=2925, pageEnd=2939, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=桑晨扬, 马廷淮, 谢欣彤, journalName=计算机科学与探索, refType=null, unstructuredReference=桑晨扬,马廷淮,谢欣彤, 等. 基于大语言模型多阶段推理的情绪支持对话生成方法 [J]. 计算机科学与探索, 2024, 18 (11): 2925-2939., articleTitle=基于大语言模型多阶段推理的情绪支持对话生成方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322609149293212351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=18, issue=11, pageStart=2925, pageEnd=2939, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Sang CY, Ma TH, Xie XT, journalName=Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science & Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sang CY, Ma TH, Xie XT, et al. Emotion-supportive dialogue generation method based on multi-stage reasoning of large language models [J]. Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science & Technology, 2024, 18 (11): 2925-2939.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Emotion-supportive dialogue generation method based on multi-stage reasoning of large language models, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322609149381292736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Wei J, Wang X, Schuurmans D, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wei J, Wang X, Schuurmans D, et al. Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models [EB/OL]. [2025-09-30]. https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.11903., articleTitle=Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322609149440012993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Rühlemann C, Trujillo J, journalName=Frontiers in Psychology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rühlemann C, Trujillo J. The effect of gesture expressivity on emotional resonance in storytelling interaction [J]. Frontiers in Psychology, 2024, 15: 1477263., articleTitle=The effect of gesture expressivity on emotional resonance in storytelling interaction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322609149523899074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Deepseek-Ai, Liu A, Feng B, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Deepseek-Ai, Liu A, Feng B, et al. DeepSeek-V3 technical report [EB/OL]. [2025-09-30]. https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.19437., articleTitle=DeepSeek-V3 technical report, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322609144692060825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, awardId=2023YFC3604702, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3604702), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322609144780141210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, awardId=723B2017, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金青年学生基础研究项目(博士研究生)(723B2017), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322609144893387419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, awardId=2023CX21, language=CN, fundingSource=四川大学“从0到1”创新研究项目(2023CX21), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322609139801502302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609139809890911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, companyId=1322609139801502302, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609139814085216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, companyId=1322609139801502302, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322609139876999777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609139889582690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, companyId=1322609139876999777, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.武汉大学人民医院代谢与泛血管病医院;武汉大学人民医院临床医学研究中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322609139956691555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609139969274468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, companyId=1322609139956691555, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.武汉大学空间全生命周期健康国际研究中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322609140044771941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609140053160550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, companyId=1322609140044771941, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.四川大学-香港理工大学灾后重建与管理学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322609140137046631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609140145435240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, companyId=1322609140137046631, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.主动健康与食品营养安全四川省重点实验室)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322609143832228497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Flow chart of literature selection, figureFileSmall=ypxuaa/wN1pEt5ZRNE80wQ==, figureFileBig=eOCNatITVe08uqxEeqGWiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322609143903531666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, language=CN, label=图1, caption=文献筛选流程图, figureFileSmall=ypxuaa/wN1pEt5ZRNE80wQ==, figureFileBig=eOCNatITVe08uqxEeqGWiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322609144100663955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Quality of literature evaluated by MMAT, figureFileSmall=u27i/cl5idvcrYtTrEdHVw==, figureFileBig=ydyjhFbGUDVWKbUI544zgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322609144171967124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, language=CN, label=图2, caption=MMAT文献质量评价结果, figureFileSmall=u27i/cl5idvcrYtTrEdHVw==, figureFileBig=ydyjhFbGUDVWKbUI544zgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322609144264241813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Summary ofbasic information of intervention research literature

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第一作者模型及其类别模型语言研究设计数据集
Musashi Yahagi(2024)[14]GPT-3.5;GLMs日语RCT85名成年手术患者;对照组44名,干预组41名
Ying Wang(2024)[15]GPT-3.0;GLMs中文RCT12名养老院参与者;ChatGPT组4人,正念组8人
Gyeyoung Jung(2024)[16]GPT-4.0;VLMs英语non-RCT11名大学生,其中女性3名,男性8名
Deniz Nazarova(2023)[17]ada、babbage、curie、davinci;VLMs英语non-RCT数据集:自编,含240个认知扭曲示例;人工评估:68名大学生
Harsh Kumar(2023)[18]GPT-3.0;VLMs英语non-RCT189位来自Amazon Mechanical Turk的对象
Zihui Hu(2024)[19]Qwen-7B;VLMs中文non-RCT微调数据集:儿童情感支持对话语料库干预试验:48名儿童
Wenyi Gan(2025)[20]GPT-4.0;GLMs中文RCT55名成年手术患者;对照组28名,干预组27名
Majid Ali(2025)[23]ChatGPT、Gemini、Perplexity;GLMsNARCT88名药学学生;对照组和干预组各44名
Tomoko Kishimoto(2025)[24]GPT-4.0;VLMs中文non-RCT98名成年人
Dayeon Jeong(2025)[21]GPT-4.0;VLMs韩语RCT41名咨询师;对照组20人,干预组21人
Liana Spytska(2025)[25]Llama 3.1;VLMs乌克兰语RCT104名18~60岁战区女性;对照组52名,实验组52名
Joe Hasei(2025)[22]GPT-4.0;VLMs日语non-RCT5名儿童青少年及年轻成人癌症患者
第一作者研究内容主要结论局限性质量评价结果a
Musashi Yahagi(2024)[14]ChatGPT-3.5对术前焦虑改善和满意度提升ChatGPT显著降低术前焦虑单盲设计4/5
Ying Wang(2024)[15]聊天机器人与正念疗法对老年人孤独感和抑郁的影响ChatGPT及正念冥想短期内缓解老年人抑郁和孤独感能力有限样本量小;未随机分配2/5
Gyeyoung Jung(2024)[16]开发AI介导的日记应用并评估其缓解抑郁和孤独感的能力开发的MyListener有效降低用户使用前后的抑郁情绪和孤独感未说明对LLM的处理;未考虑混杂因素;特征分布不均匀3/5
Deniz Nazarova(2023)[17]结合认知行为疗法开发用于认知扭曲识别及干预的聊天机器人开发的TeaBot能识别10种认知扭曲并减少用户消极想法未提供详细结果;未提供各组的基线数据;失访率高1/5
Harsh Kumar(2023)[18]LLMs对正念训练意愿的提升与对照组相比,聊天机器人干预提高了参与者再次练习正念冥想的意图样本代表性存疑;未进行定量分析2/5
Zihui Hu(2024)[19]开发评估用于测量和培养儿童心理弹性的聊天机器人心理弹性智慧测量优于传统测量,聊天机器人的干预提升了儿童自身心理韧性和幸福感结果展示不完整;未进行定量分析3/5
Wenyi Gan(2025)[20]ChatGPT对全膝关节置换术前患者焦虑的改善相比对照组,ChatGPT显著降低术前焦虑单盲设计;未考虑人口统计学差异4/5
Majid Ali(2025)[23]AI工具对药学学生结构化临床考试中的表现和考试焦虑的影响未观察到AI对成绩和考试焦虑的影响未说明所用LLM版本;可能存在实验污染3/5
Tomoko Kishimoto(2025)[24]结合ChatGPT反馈的单次在线自我同情写作减轻焦虑的效果结合ChatGPT反馈可显著提高干预效果各组未同时进行实验5/5
Dayeon Jeong(2025)[21]AI对培训中的心理咨询师自我效能提升和焦虑缓解AI辅助反馈效果弱于自我反省体验缺乏沉浸感3/5
Liana Spytska(2025)[25]“Friend”聊天机器人在战争情境中提供心理支持的有效性聊天机器人的干预效果弱于治疗师干预未考虑其他危机情景或文化背景1/5
Joe Hasei(2025)[22]聊天机器人对儿童少年癌症患者心理负担的缓解和治疗参与度的提升聊天机器人能降低患者焦虑,提高治疗积极性无标准测量工具,结果为自评3/5
), ArticleFig(id=1322609144364905110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

干预研究文献基本信息汇总

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
第一作者模型及其类别模型语言研究设计数据集
Musashi Yahagi(2024)[14]GPT-3.5;GLMs日语RCT85名成年手术患者;对照组44名,干预组41名
Ying Wang(2024)[15]GPT-3.0;GLMs中文RCT12名养老院参与者;ChatGPT组4人,正念组8人
Gyeyoung Jung(2024)[16]GPT-4.0;VLMs英语non-RCT11名大学生,其中女性3名,男性8名
Deniz Nazarova(2023)[17]ada、babbage、curie、davinci;VLMs英语non-RCT数据集:自编,含240个认知扭曲示例;人工评估:68名大学生
Harsh Kumar(2023)[18]GPT-3.0;VLMs英语non-RCT189位来自Amazon Mechanical Turk的对象
Zihui Hu(2024)[19]Qwen-7B;VLMs中文non-RCT微调数据集:儿童情感支持对话语料库干预试验:48名儿童
Wenyi Gan(2025)[20]GPT-4.0;GLMs中文RCT55名成年手术患者;对照组28名,干预组27名
Majid Ali(2025)[23]ChatGPT、Gemini、Perplexity;GLMsNARCT88名药学学生;对照组和干预组各44名
Tomoko Kishimoto(2025)[24]GPT-4.0;VLMs中文non-RCT98名成年人
Dayeon Jeong(2025)[21]GPT-4.0;VLMs韩语RCT41名咨询师;对照组20人,干预组21人
Liana Spytska(2025)[25]Llama 3.1;VLMs乌克兰语RCT104名18~60岁战区女性;对照组52名,实验组52名
Joe Hasei(2025)[22]GPT-4.0;VLMs日语non-RCT5名儿童青少年及年轻成人癌症患者
第一作者研究内容主要结论局限性质量评价结果a
Musashi Yahagi(2024)[14]ChatGPT-3.5对术前焦虑改善和满意度提升ChatGPT显著降低术前焦虑单盲设计4/5
Ying Wang(2024)[15]聊天机器人与正念疗法对老年人孤独感和抑郁的影响ChatGPT及正念冥想短期内缓解老年人抑郁和孤独感能力有限样本量小;未随机分配2/5
Gyeyoung Jung(2024)[16]开发AI介导的日记应用并评估其缓解抑郁和孤独感的能力开发的MyListener有效降低用户使用前后的抑郁情绪和孤独感未说明对LLM的处理;未考虑混杂因素;特征分布不均匀3/5
Deniz Nazarova(2023)[17]结合认知行为疗法开发用于认知扭曲识别及干预的聊天机器人开发的TeaBot能识别10种认知扭曲并减少用户消极想法未提供详细结果;未提供各组的基线数据;失访率高1/5
Harsh Kumar(2023)[18]LLMs对正念训练意愿的提升与对照组相比,聊天机器人干预提高了参与者再次练习正念冥想的意图样本代表性存疑;未进行定量分析2/5
Zihui Hu(2024)[19]开发评估用于测量和培养儿童心理弹性的聊天机器人心理弹性智慧测量优于传统测量,聊天机器人的干预提升了儿童自身心理韧性和幸福感结果展示不完整;未进行定量分析3/5
Wenyi Gan(2025)[20]ChatGPT对全膝关节置换术前患者焦虑的改善相比对照组,ChatGPT显著降低术前焦虑单盲设计;未考虑人口统计学差异4/5
Majid Ali(2025)[23]AI工具对药学学生结构化临床考试中的表现和考试焦虑的影响未观察到AI对成绩和考试焦虑的影响未说明所用LLM版本;可能存在实验污染3/5
Tomoko Kishimoto(2025)[24]结合ChatGPT反馈的单次在线自我同情写作减轻焦虑的效果结合ChatGPT反馈可显著提高干预效果各组未同时进行实验5/5
Dayeon Jeong(2025)[21]AI对培训中的心理咨询师自我效能提升和焦虑缓解AI辅助反馈效果弱于自我反省体验缺乏沉浸感3/5
Liana Spytska(2025)[25]“Friend”聊天机器人在战争情境中提供心理支持的有效性聊天机器人的干预效果弱于治疗师干预未考虑其他危机情景或文化背景1/5
Joe Hasei(2025)[22]聊天机器人对儿童少年癌症患者心理负担的缓解和治疗参与度的提升聊天机器人能降低患者焦虑,提高治疗积极性无标准测量工具,结果为自评3/5
), ArticleFig(id=1322609144457179799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Summary ofbasic information of feasibility exploration literature

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第一作者模型及其类别模型语言数据集
Hongbin Na(2024)[26]GPT-3.5-turbo-16k、LLaMA-Chinese-7B、Alpaca-Chinese-7B、Qwen-7B、Baichuan-7B;VLMs中文评估样本:100个源于自编数据集的样本;评估人员:4名心理学专业学生,1名心理治疗师
Laberiano Andrade Arenas
(2024)[27]
GPT-4.0;VLMs英语评估人员:15名用户,5位专家
Jose Llanes-Jurado(2024)[29]text-davinci-002;GLMs西班牙语64名西班牙语母语参与者
Abeer M.Alessa(2023)[28]GPT-3.5-turbo;VLMs英语评估样本:5个虚构案例;评估人员:1名计算机科学教授,1名研究生
Santiago Berrezueta-Guzman
(2024)[31]
GPT-4.0;VLMs英语、西班牙语10名ADHD领域专家
Inbar Levkovich(2023)[30]GPT-3.5、GPT-4.0;GLMsNA测试用案例:8个虚拟案例人工评估样本:1 249名初级保健医生
Roy H.Perlis(2024)[32]GPT-4-1106-preview;VLMs英语测试用案例:50个基于现实生成的双相案例;人工评估样本:3位双相障碍专家;27名社区临床医生
Boyoung Kang(2025)[34]GPT-4.0;VLMs英语、韩语20名18~27岁的大学生
Yijun Zhao(2025)[33]GPT-3.0;VLMsNA形成性调查:8名治疗师,10名噩梦经历者;评估人员:2名治疗师,16名噩梦经历者
第一作者研究内容主要结论局限性质量评价结果a
Hongbin Na(2024)[26]使用基于CBT生成的数据集微调LLMs并评估在心理健康咨询中的表现开发的CBT-LLM各方面表现优于基线模型未明确定义认知扭曲;未定量分析3/5
Laberiano Andrade Arenas
(2024)[27]
开发评估用于心理健康支持任务的聊天机器人开发的机器人能够提供个性化情绪支持,综合表现较好未评估对心理健康和情绪管理的影响3/5
Jose Llanes-Jurado
(2024)[29]
开发评估用于社交情感激发的对话式虚拟人(VH)VH情感激发的表现符合预期,倾向于激发积极情绪本地未部署导致响应慢和隐私问题5/5
Abeer M.Alessa(2023)[28]开发老年人语音对话陪伴系统并评估帮助老年人减少孤独感和社会孤立感系统生成内容质量较高,流畅度和内容意义表现优异虚构案例;仅采取人工评估;评估人员少3/5
Santiago Berrezueta-Guzman
(2024)[31]
GPT-4.0对ADHD治疗的改善ChatGPT在ADHD治疗中个性化、可及性,但隐私、文化适应性尚不足仅采取人工评估5/5
Inbar Levkovich(2023)[30]ChatGPT-3.5和ChatGPT-4.0与初级保健医生对抑郁发作的评估和建议治疗方案比较ChatGPT-4的治疗方案更符合临床指南,未检出性别和社会经济地位相关偏见虚构案例4/5
Roy H.Perlis(2024)[32]GPT-4.0、临床指南提示下的GPT-4.0、专家及社区临床医生对双向情感障碍的治疗建议比较模型中检出性别和种族偏见,提示下的GPT表现最佳但与专家建议一致性低专家间意见一致性差4/5
Boyoung Kang(2025)[34]开发跨语言心理健康聊天机器人开发模型在支持性、同理心、界面设计方面表现较好,交互、专业性和个性化有待改进仅采取人工评估4/5
Yijun Zhao(2025)[33]开发基于视觉交互和叙事生成技术的噩梦治疗辅助系统该系统能提高治疗师工作效率、促进互动、提供治愈支持并激发对噩梦的深度探索仅采取人工评估4/5
), ArticleFig(id=1322609144566231704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609136701911637, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

可行性探究文献基本信息汇总

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第一作者模型及其类别模型语言数据集
Hongbin Na(2024)[26]GPT-3.5-turbo-16k、LLaMA-Chinese-7B、Alpaca-Chinese-7B、Qwen-7B、Baichuan-7B;VLMs中文评估样本:100个源于自编数据集的样本;评估人员:4名心理学专业学生,1名心理治疗师
Laberiano Andrade Arenas
(2024)[27]
GPT-4.0;VLMs英语评估人员:15名用户,5位专家
Jose Llanes-Jurado(2024)[29]text-davinci-002;GLMs西班牙语64名西班牙语母语参与者
Abeer M.Alessa(2023)[28]GPT-3.5-turbo;VLMs英语评估样本:5个虚构案例;评估人员:1名计算机科学教授,1名研究生
Santiago Berrezueta-Guzman
(2024)[31]
GPT-4.0;VLMs英语、西班牙语10名ADHD领域专家
Inbar Levkovich(2023)[30]GPT-3.5、GPT-4.0;GLMsNA测试用案例:8个虚拟案例人工评估样本:1 249名初级保健医生
Roy H.Perlis(2024)[32]GPT-4-1106-preview;VLMs英语测试用案例:50个基于现实生成的双相案例;人工评估样本:3位双相障碍专家;27名社区临床医生
Boyoung Kang(2025)[34]GPT-4.0;VLMs英语、韩语20名18~27岁的大学生
Yijun Zhao(2025)[33]GPT-3.0;VLMsNA形成性调查:8名治疗师,10名噩梦经历者;评估人员:2名治疗师,16名噩梦经历者
第一作者研究内容主要结论局限性质量评价结果a
Hongbin Na(2024)[26]使用基于CBT生成的数据集微调LLMs并评估在心理健康咨询中的表现开发的CBT-LLM各方面表现优于基线模型未明确定义认知扭曲;未定量分析3/5
Laberiano Andrade Arenas
(2024)[27]
开发评估用于心理健康支持任务的聊天机器人开发的机器人能够提供个性化情绪支持,综合表现较好未评估对心理健康和情绪管理的影响3/5
Jose Llanes-Jurado
(2024)[29]
开发评估用于社交情感激发的对话式虚拟人(VH)VH情感激发的表现符合预期,倾向于激发积极情绪本地未部署导致响应慢和隐私问题5/5
Abeer M.Alessa(2023)[28]开发老年人语音对话陪伴系统并评估帮助老年人减少孤独感和社会孤立感系统生成内容质量较高,流畅度和内容意义表现优异虚构案例;仅采取人工评估;评估人员少3/5
Santiago Berrezueta-Guzman
(2024)[31]
GPT-4.0对ADHD治疗的改善ChatGPT在ADHD治疗中个性化、可及性,但隐私、文化适应性尚不足仅采取人工评估5/5
Inbar Levkovich(2023)[30]ChatGPT-3.5和ChatGPT-4.0与初级保健医生对抑郁发作的评估和建议治疗方案比较ChatGPT-4的治疗方案更符合临床指南,未检出性别和社会经济地位相关偏见虚构案例4/5
Roy H.Perlis(2024)[32]GPT-4.0、临床指南提示下的GPT-4.0、专家及社区临床医生对双向情感障碍的治疗建议比较模型中检出性别和种族偏见,提示下的GPT表现最佳但与专家建议一致性低专家间意见一致性差4/5
Boyoung Kang(2025)[34]开发跨语言心理健康聊天机器人开发模型在支持性、同理心、界面设计方面表现较好,交互、专业性和个性化有待改进仅采取人工评估4/5
Yijun Zhao(2025)[33]开发基于视觉交互和叙事生成技术的噩梦治疗辅助系统该系统能提高治疗师工作效率、促进互动、提供治愈支持并激发对噩梦的深度探索仅采取人工评估4/5
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大语言模型在心理健康干预中的研究进展
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薛旭 1 , 陈坤 1 , 刘佳雯 1 , 贾鹏 2, 3 , 余彬 1, 4 , 杨淑娟 1, 3, 5
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2025,52(22): 4194-4200
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现代预防医学 |临床与预防 2025 , 52 (22) : 4194 -4200
大语言模型在心理健康干预中的研究进展
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3.武汉大学空间全生命周期健康国际研究中心
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薛旭1, 陈坤1, 刘佳雯1, 贾鹏2, 3, 余彬1, 4, 杨淑娟1, 3, 5
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.武汉大学人民医院代谢与泛血管病医院;武汉大学人民医院临床医学研究中心
  • 3.武汉大学空间全生命周期健康国际研究中心
  • 4.四川大学-香港理工大学灾后重建与管理学院
  • 5.主动健康与食品营养安全四川省重点实验室
通讯作者:
杨淑娟,E-mail:
作者简介:

薛旭和陈坤为共同第一作者。

薛旭(2003—),男,本科在读,研究方向:健康行为与社会医学;

陈坤(2003—),男,本科在读,研究方向:健康行为与社会医学

Applications of large language models in mental health interventions: feasibility, current status, and future trends
Xu XUE1, Kun CHEN1, Jia-wen LIU1, Peng JIA2, 3, Bin YU1, 4, Shu-juan YANG1, 3, 5
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505303
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目的

本研究系统梳理采用大语言模型(Large language models, LLMs)进行心理健康干预的研究现状、可行性及未来展望。

方法

在中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、Pubmed、Scopus、Web of Science上检索2023年1月至2025年3月期间发表的有关LLMs在心理健康干预领域文献,筛选后,使用混合方法评价工具(MMAT)进行质量评价,并提取文献的基本信息、研究模型、模型支持语言等内容。

结果

纳入21篇英文文献,12项研究采用人群干预试验,研究了LLMs在减少焦虑、识别干预认知扭曲、测量和培养儿童心理弹性、减轻抑郁和孤独感以及提升正念训练参与意愿等方面的干预效果,结果显示LLMs在以上任务中有一定效果。另外9项研究从心理知识咨询、情绪支持、治疗辅助三个方面证明LLMs心理干预可行性较高,但仍存在偏见、文化适应性和隐私保护等问题。7项研究选择英语作为模型语言,13项通过提示工程或指令微调对模型进行了调整,且调整后的模型在具体心理健康任务中具有更好的表现。文献的质量评价表明研究质量普遍不高。

结论

LLMs在心理健康促进领域具备一定应用前景,未来应进一步完善模型策略以提高任务表现、并设计规范严谨的实证研究以获得科学的效果评价。

心理健康促进  /  人工智能  /  大语言模型
Objective

To systematically review the current research status, feasibility, and future prospects of using large language models(LLMs)for mental health interventions.

Methods

We searched literature published between January 2023 and March 2025 on LLM-based mental health interventions across databases including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. After screening, the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool(MMAT)was used for quality assessment. Key data were extracted, including study characteristics, model types, and supported languages.

Results

Twenty-one English-language studies were included. Twelve studies employed population-based intervention trials, investigating the effects of LLMs in reducing anxiety, identifying and intervening in cognitive distortions, measuring and fostering psychological resilience in children, alleviating depression and loneliness, and enhancing willingness to engage in mindfulness training. Results indicated that LLMs demonstrated some efficacy in these tasks. Another seven studies supported the feasibility of LLM-based mental health interventions in three key areas: psychological knowledge consultation, emotional support, and therapeutic assistance. However, challenges such as bias, cultural adaptability, and privacy concerns remain. Seven studies used English as the model language, while thirteen applied prompt engineering or instruction fine-tuning to adapt the models, with adjusted models showing improved performance in specific mental health tasks. Quality assessment revealed that existing studies were limited.

Conclusion

LLMs show promising potential in mental health promotion. Future research should refine model strategies to enhance task performance and incorporate rigorously designed empirical research to ensure scientifically robust efficacy evaluations.

Mental health promotion  /  Artificial intelligence  /  Large language models
薛旭, 陈坤, 刘佳雯, 贾鹏, 余彬, 杨淑娟. 大语言模型在心理健康干预中的研究进展. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (22) : 4194 -4200 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505303
Xu XUE, Kun CHEN, Jia-wen LIU, Peng JIA, Bin YU, Shu-juan YANG. Applications of large language models in mental health interventions: feasibility, current status, and future trends[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (22) : 4194 -4200 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505303
心理健康问题已成为日益增长的全球性公共卫生问题。2021年全球疾病负担数据显示,超过1.55亿的伤残调整寿命年归因于抑郁、焦虑等精神障碍,约占全球疾病负担的5%[1]。不同人群均出现了心理健康风险上升的趋势。例如,2021年儿童及青少年群体中抑郁症的患病率约为6%[1]。约25%的老年人患有抑郁和焦虑等心理健康问题[2]。然而,心理健康资源分布不均,中低收入国家资源短缺等问题依然严重,尤其在后疫情时代,心理健康服务的可及性与公平性面临更大挑战,可及有效的心理健康服务供给成为公共卫生领域的迫切需要[3]。
在此背景下,基于人工智能(Artificial Intelligence,AI)的健康技术逐渐成为公共卫生群体性干预的重要工具。大语言模型(Large Language Models, LLMs)作为近年来迅速发展的AI技术,通过大规模文本数据训练,构建起庞大的神经网络结构,以此处理复杂语义信息,实现情感分析、交互引导与知识传递等功能,为心理健康资源补充和群体心理健康促进带来新的可能[4]。针对性微调后的LLMs可被应用于心理健康教育、情绪识别与筛查、用户心理状态反馈、远程干预与辅助决策等方面[5],为传统心理服务提供补充,拓展公共卫生干预的可及路径。但LLMs在实际应用中仍面临诸多挑战,包括心理问题污名化[6]、人类参与度较低[7]、隐私数据安全难题[8]、且输出内容准确性与可解释性有待提高[9-11]。此外,训练数据更新速度快,限制了LLMs整合近期事件和信息的能力[12]。因此,为推动LLMs在公共卫生领域的科学应用,本研究在公共卫生框架下探讨LLMs作为心理健康干预工具的潜力、技术瓶颈与未来发展方向,旨在为群体心理健康促进提供新路径与理论支持,提升大语言模型在公共卫生服务中的科学性与适用性。
在中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、Pubmed、Scopus、Web of Science检索2023年1月至2025年3月的全部有关LLMs和心理健康干预的中英文文献。中文检索词为:“大语言模型”“人工智能”“聊天机器人”“ChatGPT”“GPT-3”“GPT-4”、“心理健康”“心理状况”“抑郁”“焦虑”与“干预”“案例分析”“案例研究”“效果评估”“效果评价”“心理治疗”“心理咨询”。英文检索词为:“large language model”“LLM”“AI Chatbot”“ChatGPT”“GPT-3”“GPT-4”“OpenAI language model”“mental”、“mental health”“psychological health”“depression”“anxiety”与“intervention”“intervene”“case study”“effectiveness evaluation”“psychotherapy”“counseling”“therapy”“psychiatry”。使用自由词、布尔逻辑运算符撰写检索式。
依据研究目的制定标准如下,纳入标准:①2023年1月至2025年3月期间发表的期刊论文、会议文献;②利用LLMs进行心理健康干预试验和评价,或采用虚拟案例评价LLMs心理健康干预可行性的研究;③明确提供与所研究心理健康结局相关的可测量结果,如参与度、干预效果或测试结果等。排除标准:①评论、综述等非原创性研究;②所纳入模型为2020年5月(GPT-3正式发布)前发布的LLMs(如:BERT、GPT-2、T5)的研究;③重复发表的文献;④无法获取全文的文献;⑤未同行评审的预印本;⑥非中文或英文文献。使用Zotero 7.0管理文献,两名研究员独立进行三轮筛选,以第三名研究员为基准解决所有分歧。
一名研究员提取筛选后文献的数据,包括:①基本信息:第一作者、发表年月、研究模型、研究地区、模型语言和调整策略;②研究设计:研究内容、样本信息、结局变量或测量指标;③结果评价:主要结论、干预结果或评估结果、优势与局限性。使用2018版的混合方法评价工具(Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool,MMAT)[13]对纳入的研究进行质量评估。由两名研究员分别独立评估每项研究的质量,以第三名研究员为基准解决所有分歧。
共检索到2 382篇文献,其中CNKI 242篇,万方220篇,维普88篇,Pubmed 256篇,Scopus 567篇,Web of Science 1 009篇。排除重复文献后剩余中文441篇,英文1 399篇,筛选后纳入21篇英文文献,无中文文献。筛选过程见图1。
本研究根据所纳入研究的研究设计将其分为:干预研究和可行性探索研究。干预研究直接以LLMs为心理健康干预措施进行心理健康干预试验;可行性探索研究针对具体场景,基于自动评估、专家评分及案例分析等研究手段对以LLMs为心理健康干预工具的潜在可行性做出一定探索,但未进行干预试验验证实际有效性。
在最终纳入的研究中,共12项研究[14-25]直接利用LLMs工具进行心理健康干预试验,其中包括9项[14-16,18,20,21,23-25]定量研究及3项[15,19,22]定量定性混合研究。研究设计方面,6项研究[14,15,20,21,23,25]设置了实验组和对照组,其余6项研究[16-19,22,24]采用自身前后对照。研究人群方面,各1项针对老年人[15]及女性群体[25],2项[19,22]针对儿童,其余研究无针对性人群。详见表1。
本研究根据研究者是否对干预使用的LLMs进行微调或提示,将研究分为“通用大模型(General-purpose Large Models,GLMs)”干预研究及“垂直大模型(Vertical Large Models,VLMs)”干预研究。GLMs是指用于处理多任务与多数据类型的人工智能模型,通常基于多模态数据进行训练,支持多格式内容的理解与生成,具有高度灵活性与广泛适用性,可直接或少量适配后应用于多个领域与场景。VLMs是针对特定行业或领域优化的模型,相比GLMs,其专注于特定任务或数据集,能提供特定领域内高精度与专业化的输出。
4项研究[14,15,20,23]以GLMs为干预工具,使用了包括ChatGPT、Gemini、Perplexity在内的模型。研究结果表明LLMs能显著降低术前焦虑,但无法降低考试焦虑,且其降低老年人孤独感和抑郁的能力有限,相比正念冥想并无差别。其余8项[16-19,21,22,24,25]以VLMs为干预工具的研究,则聚焦于LLMs在处理负面情绪、认知扭曲、儿童心理弹性等心理健康问题中的表现,以及其提升正念冥想、自我同情写作等心理健康干预措施的能力。结果表明,除了战争情景下心理健康支持以及心理咨询师自我效能提升与焦虑缓解任务外,LLMs均有较好表现。
在最终纳入的研究中,共9项研究[26-34]探索了LLMs在心理干预领域的可行性,包括7项[26-32]定量研究与2项[33-34]定量定性混合研究。研究人群方面,1项研究[28]针对老年群体,1项[33]针对噩梦经历者及治疗师群体,其余无针对人群。3项研究[28,30,32]的样本为虚拟的案例,详见表2。
本研究将具体心理健康促进场景分为3类,包括:心理知识咨询[26-27]、情绪支持[28,29,34]和临床心理治疗辅助[30-33]。心理知识咨询方面,现有研究表明微调后的LLMs在该类型任务中的表现较好。情绪支持方面,在结合多模态交互后,LLMs能有效地提供正向情感支持,并减少老年人的孤独感和社会孤立感。治疗辅助方面,LLMs在辅助儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder,ADHD)、抑郁障碍、噩梦和双向情感障碍治疗中有着良好表现,能提高治疗可及性、参与度、治疗效率等,但也存在性别和种族偏见、隐私保护、文化适应性等问题。
使用MMAT混合评价标准对纳入的21项研究进行质量评价,3项研究[24,29,31]符合100%质量标准(5/5),6项[14,20,30,32-34]符合80%质量标准评价(4/5),8项[16,19,21-23,26-28]符合60%质量标准评价(3/5),2项[15,18]符合40%质量标准评价(2/5),2项[17,25]符合20%标准(1/5)。不符合标准的原因主要包括:研究设计未考虑混杂因素,抽样方法不合理,基线特征分布不均匀或未报告,效应测量方式不合理,研究对象失访率高,结果报告不全或有误,或只对结果进行描述而未做统计分析,详见图2。
在这21项研究中,仅9项[14,20,22-23,25,30-32,34]发表在医学相关领域期刊,3项分别来自行为科学[15]、心理学[24]、教育学[21]相关领域,剩余9项[16-19,26-29,33]均来自计算机科学相关领域期刊或会议,该9项研究的MMAT评价结果普遍不高于60%(仅1项[29]符合100%标准)。
本研究结果显示心理健康干预LLMs在多人群中效果初步可行。基于较先进的GPT-3或后续LLMs,无论调整与否,其在人群心理健康促进方面均有一定可行性。4项混合方法研究认为LLMs在测量和干预儿童心理韧性,缓解老年人孤独感和抑郁、缓解儿童少年癌症患者心理负担,以及噩梦治疗等方面有较可观的应用前景;17项定量研究表明LLMs干预对ADHD、术前焦虑、孤独感、抑郁、认知扭曲和双相情感障碍的效果显著,在情绪激发、提高正念参与意愿和心理健康知识问答任务中的表现优秀,但对考试焦虑和战争情景下焦虑的干预效果有限。研究还表明,指令微调或提示工程训练后的模型具有更好的表现。
现有研究质量亟需提升,缺乏可靠人群试验研究。LLMs在心理健康干预中的应用仍处于探索阶段,不仅缺乏多场景实证研究,也未充分考虑人群特征和文化背景等关键变量。在本研究所纳入的研究中,仅有6项研究[14,17,20-21,23,25]采取RCT设计,且在随机化、样本量等方面存在不足,研究间存在较大质量差异,有2项研究[17,25]未严格遵守RCT设计,可能与研究团队缺乏医学背景有关。在8项包含定量非随机试验的研究中,仅2项研究[29,33]考虑了混杂因素,另有4项研究[15-16,19,22]有明显偏倚风险。另3项研究[28,30,32]中使用了虚构的案例,可能限制其结论在复杂现实世界中的可推广性。仅2项研究[15,17]的干预时长达到8周,LLMs的长期干预效果尚不明确。
纳入研究中,仅3项[17,19,26]通过在线心理健康对话数据集或自建数据集对基础大模型进行指令微调,10项[18,21-22,24,27,28,31-34]使用提示工程方法,通过引入具体任务描述、心理干预知识或用户个体信息以优化模型表现。在语言适配方面,研究大多集中于英语语言环境,共7项研究[16-18,27,28,31-32,34]使用英语支持模型,仅5项[15,19-20,24,26]涉及中文,另各有2项研究使用了支持西班牙语[29,31]、日语[14,22]及韩语[21,34]的模型,1项研究[25]支持乌克兰语。语言分布的不均衡暴露出当前LLMs在全球心理健康干预中对非英语人群适配性和文化多样性关注不足。
目前聚焦心理健康干预LLMs的公共卫生研究仍十分有限,且对干预人群特征、社会文化背景、模型训练语言及具体心理健康问题的考虑尚不充分,这可能源于专业化数据的不足。例如,HuggingFace 等开源社区中的对话数据集多为通用医疗健康问答,对心理干预类场景覆盖有限,制约了微调等方式对模型的增强。另外,已有研究指出思维链技术(Chains of thoughts,COT)可显著提高LLMs的共情[35]、推理[36]和策略性生成能力,但尚无聚焦心理健康的模型引入该技术。部分研究尝试引入语音语调、面部表情等非语言输入,以生成更具同理心和语境适应性的多模态回应。提示融合语言与感知的多模态路径或为提升干预效果的潜在方向[37]。
本研究的优势在于:首先,仅纳入基于GPT-3及后续模型的研究,确保所评估模型的先进性。其次,从干预工具类型(通用/垂直领域)、应用目标及研究设计等维度系统梳理研究内容。此外,采用MMAT标准评估研究质量,并结合干预对象选取标准、训练语言及数据集内容,探讨LLMs对不同人群的适配性,以及指令微调、提示工程等优化手段的作用。
当前,高性能、低成本且可本地部署的开源LLMs(如 DeepSeek-V3)不断涌现[38],为开展高质量的心理健康干预试验提供技术支持,也使面向特定心理问题或人群的高效干预成为可能。因此,LLMs在心理健康促进领域展现出巨大应用潜力。未来的研究应鼓励公共卫生、计算机科学、心理学等领域深度融合,利用大样本人群队列数据构建高质量对话数据集,支持LLMs开展更专业的定制化训练,同时,应加强试验设计的科学性与规范性,通过更严谨的随机对照试验评价干预效果,多领域合作共同促进社会心理健康资源的可及性及公平性。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3604702)
  • 国家自然科学基金青年学生基础研究项目(博士研究生)(723B2017)
  • 四川大学“从0到1”创新研究项目(2023CX21)
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2025年第52卷第22期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505303
  • 接收时间:2025-05-22
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-22
基金
国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3604702)
国家自然科学基金青年学生基础研究项目(博士研究生)(723B2017)
四川大学“从0到1”创新研究项目(2023CX21)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
    2.武汉大学人民医院代谢与泛血管病医院;武汉大学人民医院临床医学研究中心
    3.武汉大学空间全生命周期健康国际研究中心
    4.四川大学-香港理工大学灾后重建与管理学院
    5.主动健康与食品营养安全四川省重点实验室

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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