Article(id=1322609107706696457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505100, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746720000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793264184165, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793264184165, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793264184165, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793264184165, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322609030938346427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='22', pageStart='4033', pageEnd='4224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793264165863, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793264299902, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322609593264489401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322609593264489402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4161, endPage=4167, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322609107878662922, articleId=1322609107706696457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Longitudinal study of depressive symptoms in Chinese empty-nest older adults: a cross-lagged network analysis, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the predictive relationships among depressive symptoms over time and identify core symptoms within the depressive symptom network in empty-nest older adults in China.

Methods

Data were obtained from 1 462 eligible empty-nest older adults in the 2018 and 2020 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CESD-10). A cross-lagged panel network(CLPN)model was fitted and analyzed using R version 4.3.3.

Results

Feeling afraid, loneliness, and effortful behavior were the symptoms with the strongest outgoing predictive effects, significantly predicting changes in other symptoms at the next time point. Additionally, gender differences were observed: depressive symptoms in men were more likely to originate from loneliness, whereas in women, they were more associated with fear.

Conclusion

Intervention strategies should consider gender differences and focus on core symptoms to prevent the progression to high-risk depression among empty-nest older adults with depressive tendencies.

, authors=Zheng-qi ZHU1, Pei-jia ZHANG2, Qian-yu ZHOU3, Pan-pan WANG1, Li-na GUO4, Jia-le HAN1, wei XUE1, Lin LI1, Chang-qing SUN1, 3, authorsList=Zheng-qi ZHU, Pei-jia ZHANG, Qian-yu ZHOU, Pan-pan WANG, Li-na GUO, Jia-le HAN, wei XUE, Lin LI, Chang-qing SUN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chang-qing SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322609109225034519, articleId=1322609107706696457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=基于交叉滞后网络分析的中国空巢老年人抑郁症状纵向研究, columnId=1228016572640461823, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=健康与社会行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨中国空巢老年人群体中不同抑郁症状随时间变化的预测关系,识别抑郁症状网络中的核心症状。

方法

数据来自中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2018和2020年两轮调查中符合条件的1 462名空巢老年人,使用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表测量参与者的抑郁症状,通过R 4.3.3拟合交叉滞后面板网络模型并计算相关指标。

结果

感到害怕、孤独感和做事费力是网络中输出预测效应最强的症状,能显著预测下一时间点其他症状的变化水平。此外,网络存在性别差异,男性抑郁症状更多源于孤独,而女性则更多源于恐惧。

结论

在传统干预方式中要考虑性别差异,聚焦核心症状,防止有抑郁倾向的空巢老年人往抑郁高风险方向发展。

, authors=朱铮麒1, 张配嘉2, 周乾宇3, 王盼盼1, 郭丽娜4, 韩佳乐1, 薛伟1, 李林1, 孙长青1, 3, authorsList=朱铮麒, 张配嘉, 周乾宇, 王盼盼, 郭丽娜, 韩佳乐, 薛伟, 李林, 孙长青, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙长青, authorNote=

朱铮麒(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:护理管理

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孙长青,E-mail:
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基于交叉滞后网络分析的中国空巢老年人抑郁症状纵向研究
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朱铮麒 1 , 张配嘉 2 , 周乾宇 3 , 王盼盼 1 , 郭丽娜 4 , 韩佳乐 1 , 薛伟 1 , 李林 1 , 孙长青 1, 3
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(22): 4161-4167
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现代预防医学 |健康与社会行为 2025 , 52 (22) : 4161 -4167
基于交叉滞后网络分析的中国空巢老年人抑郁症状纵向研究
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朱铮麒1, 张配嘉2, 周乾宇3, 王盼盼1, 郭丽娜4, 韩佳乐1, 薛伟1, 李林1, 孙长青1, 3
作者信息
  • 1.郑州大学护理与健康学院 社区护理教研室,河南 郑州 450001
  • 2.河南省人民医院
  • 3.郑州大学公共卫生学院 社会医学与卫生事业管理教研室
  • 4.郑州大学第一附属医院
通讯作者:
孙长青,E-mail:
作者简介:

朱铮麒(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:护理管理

Longitudinal study of depressive symptoms in Chinese empty-nest older adults: a cross-lagged network analysis
Zheng-qi ZHU1, Pei-jia ZHANG2, Qian-yu ZHOU3, Pan-pan WANG1, Li-na GUO4, Jia-le HAN1, wei XUE1, Lin LI1, Chang-qing SUN1, 3
Affiliations
  • Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505100
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目的

探讨中国空巢老年人群体中不同抑郁症状随时间变化的预测关系,识别抑郁症状网络中的核心症状。

方法

数据来自中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2018和2020年两轮调查中符合条件的1 462名空巢老年人,使用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表测量参与者的抑郁症状,通过R 4.3.3拟合交叉滞后面板网络模型并计算相关指标。

结果

感到害怕、孤独感和做事费力是网络中输出预测效应最强的症状,能显著预测下一时间点其他症状的变化水平。此外,网络存在性别差异,男性抑郁症状更多源于孤独,而女性则更多源于恐惧。

结论

在传统干预方式中要考虑性别差异,聚焦核心症状,防止有抑郁倾向的空巢老年人往抑郁高风险方向发展。

交叉滞后网络分析  /  空巢老年人  /  抑郁症状
Objective

To explore the predictive relationships among depressive symptoms over time and identify core symptoms within the depressive symptom network in empty-nest older adults in China.

Methods

Data were obtained from 1 462 eligible empty-nest older adults in the 2018 and 2020 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CESD-10). A cross-lagged panel network(CLPN)model was fitted and analyzed using R version 4.3.3.

Results

Feeling afraid, loneliness, and effortful behavior were the symptoms with the strongest outgoing predictive effects, significantly predicting changes in other symptoms at the next time point. Additionally, gender differences were observed: depressive symptoms in men were more likely to originate from loneliness, whereas in women, they were more associated with fear.

Conclusion

Intervention strategies should consider gender differences and focus on core symptoms to prevent the progression to high-risk depression among empty-nest older adults with depressive tendencies.

Cross-lagged network analysis  /  Empty-nest older adults  /  Depressive symptoms
朱铮麒, 张配嘉, 周乾宇, 王盼盼, 郭丽娜, 韩佳乐, 薛伟, 李林, 孙长青. 基于交叉滞后网络分析的中国空巢老年人抑郁症状纵向研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (22) : 4161 -4167 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505100
Zheng-qi ZHU, Pei-jia ZHANG, Qian-yu ZHOU, Pan-pan WANG, Li-na GUO, Jia-le HAN, wei XUE, Lin LI, Chang-qing SUN. Longitudinal study of depressive symptoms in Chinese empty-nest older adults: a cross-lagged network analysis[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (22) : 4161 -4167 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505100
人口老龄化加剧已成为中国面临的重大社会挑战。第七次全国人口普查数据显示,我国60岁及以上人口已达2.64亿,占总人口比重从2010年的13.32%上升至18.73%[1]。由于区域经济发展不均衡和快速城市化,大量青年劳动力从家乡流向发达地区,导致老年人口中空巢现象日益普遍。空巢老年人通常指因成年子女面对工作、求学等情况无法提供日常照料而单独或仅与配偶共同居住的老年群体。民政部2022年第四季度例行发布会指出,我国空巢老年人在老年人口中所占比例已超过50%,部分大城市和农村地区甚至高达70%以上。空巢化已成为中国老龄化进程的突出特征,并呈现持续扩大趋势;预计到2030年,空巢老人比例将攀升至90%,规模突破2亿人[2]。在我国,提供完善的养老服务是社会发展的重点任务,多数家庭和老年人仍倾向于选择居家养老。尽管物质生活水平提高已基本满足老年人的生存需求,但精神养老问题日益成为养老质量的关键挑战。
长期缺乏子女陪伴和情感支持使空巢老年人更易产生孤独和失落感,难以适应生活变化,从而引发一系列心理与精神健康问题。抑郁症作为阿尔茨海默病之后最常见的老年精神障碍,以情绪低落、兴趣减退、睡眠障碍及自我价值感降低等为主要表现,已成为该群体疾病负担的重要组成部分[3]。相比非空巢老年人,空巢老年人在身心健康状况、主观幸福感和生活满意度方面表现较差,更常体验痛苦、孤独、焦虑与抑郁情绪[4]。一项纳入10项研究、涵盖5 337名中国空巢老年人的Meta分析显示,该群体抑郁患病率高达43%[5],表明其抑郁症状亟待深入研究和有效干预。
传统研究多基于潜变量模型,将抑郁视为一个整体概念进行分析,通过总分或累加量表进行评估,难以揭示症状间相互作用的动态机制。精神障碍网络理论(The network theory of mental disorder, NTMD)则提出,精神障碍的发生与维持源于症状之间的因果关系。当某些症状间形成强烈反馈循环时,可能彼此强化并使疾病状态持续存在[6]。在该框架下,抑郁被视为一个复杂的网络,其中症状通过反馈回路相互强化。网络分析方法(Network analysis method, NAM)作为与NTMD相对应的方法,将症状表现为网络中的节点,边代表症状间关联,边的厚度与颜色分别表示关联强度与方向,并通过中心性指标(如强度、中介性、接近度和预期影响)识别网络中的核心症状。研究表明,针对核心症状进行干预可能比整体性治疗策略更有效,因其有助于瓦解症状间的维持机制,从而带动整个网络状况的改善[7]。此外,与基于横断面数据的同期网络相比,交叉滞后面板网络(Cross-lagged panel network, CLPN)模型构建的动态网络能揭示症状随时间推移的相互作用[8]。
目前,国内针对空巢老年人抑郁的研究多集中于患病率、严重程度及影响因素层面,尚缺乏从症状网络视角分析其内部相互作用机制的探讨。本研究运用交叉滞后网络分析法,旨在揭示中国空巢老年人抑郁症状之间的纵向关系及其核心症状,为后续实施精准的心理干预提供参考。
本研究数据来源于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据库2018与2020年的两轮调查。CHARLS是由北京大学中国社会科学调查中心组织实施的一项大型纵向调查,采用多阶段分层概率比例抽样(PPS)方法,覆盖全国28个省份的150个县/区、450个村庄/社区,对象为中国45岁及以上的中老年家庭与个人,具有全国代表性。该项目已通过北京大学伦理委员会审查(伦理审批号:IRB00001052-11015),所有研究对象均签署知情同意书。
根据既往研究,空巢老年人定义为60岁及以上、无子女或在过去12个月内未与子女共同居住的老年人[9]。在CHARLS问卷中,通过以下两个问题判别空巢状态:“[XChildName[i]] 现在一般住哪里?”和“过去一年,[XChildName[i]] 和您以及您的配偶一起居住了多长时间?”。在CHARLS 2018年调查所涵盖的19 818名受访者中,筛选出年龄≥60岁的老年人,并进一步排除2018年非空巢状态者、2018年为空巢但在2020年失访或转为非空巢者,以及两次调查中抑郁数据缺失的样本。最终共纳入1 462名空巢老年人,年龄范围为60 ~ 89岁,平均年龄为(68.33 ± 5.84)岁,其中男性831名(56.84%),女性631名(43.16%)。
研究采用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表(CESD-10)评估参与者的抑郁症状。该量表已在老年人中得到验证并应用于CHARLS[10]。CESD-10共包括10个条目(D1:因一些小事而烦恼、D2:注意力差、D3:感到情绪低落、D4:做任何事都很费力、D5:对未来无望、D6:感到害怕、D7:睡眠不好、D8:很不愉快、D9:感到孤独、D10:感到生活无法继续),以Likert 4分制,要求受试者评估前一周内每个条目发生的频率,0(很少或者根本没有;<1天)、1(不太多;1~2天)、2(有时或者说有一半的时间;3~4天)或3(大多数的时间;5~7天),总分范围为0~30。得分越高表明抑郁症状越严重,总分≥10分被视为存在抑郁高风险。为保持统计一致性并清晰呈现网络结构,对原为反向计分的第5和第8题进行了正向化处理,并相应反转其语义表述(“D5:我对未来充满希望”转为“D5:我对未来无望”;“D8:我很愉快”转为“D8:我很不愉快”)。
CLPN能够估计自回归效应和交叉滞后效应。自回归效应指某一节点在控制当前时间点其他所有节点后,对下一时间点自身节点的预测能力;交叉滞后效应则指该节点对下一时间点其他节点的预测能力[11]。glmnet包用于计算正则化回归系数,qgraph包用于对网络结构进行可视化[12]。为降低假阳性边缘几率,使用具有最小绝对收缩和选择算子(LASSO)惩罚的10倍交叉验证(CV)来估计稀疏网络结构。为提升结果可解释性,将逻辑回归系数(边缘权重)从对数比值转换为比值比(OR):OR > 1表示正相关,OR < 1表示负相关,OR = 1表示无关联。网络中节点代表症状,箭头表示交叉滞后关系方向:绿色为正向预测,红色为负向预测,线条粗细反映关联强度。为突显交叉滞后路径,可视化中剔除自回归路径,并采用Fruchterman-Reingold算法进行网络布局,使相关性强的节点位于中心,特征相近的节点在空间上更接近。研究计算了两个方向性中心指标,以分析症状间的影响关系。输出预期影响(out-expected influence, out-EI)表示T1时刻某一节点对T2时刻其他节点的总体预测能力;输入预期影响(in-expected influence, in-EI)表示T2时刻某一节点被T1时刻其他节点的总体解释程度。
使用bootnet包评估网络的稳定性和准确性[13]。首先,通过案例剔除自举法(case-drop bootstrapping)计算中心性指标的相关稳定性系数(Correlation stability coefficient, CS-coefficient)。该系数表示在剔除一定比例样本后,在95%概率下原始中心指标和基于子集的网络中心指标之间的相关性。CS值应不低于0.25,高于0.5表明稳定性良好。其次,采用1 000次迭代的非参数自举法计算各边缘权重的95%置信区间(confidence intervals, CI),以评估其准确性。最后,通过中心性差异检验判断out-EI与in-EI之间是否存在显著差异。
空巢老年人抑郁症状网络的性别差异通过以下三个指标进行评估。第一,边缘列表的相关性:通过计算男性和女性网络全部有向边权重向量之间的皮尔逊相关系数(Pearson Correlation Coefficient),以量化两个网络在全局结构上的相似性;第二,边缘重叠的累积百分比:通过计算在两个网络中同时存在且作用方向一致(OR ≠ 1)的边缘的百分比,以评估网络间共享关联的比例。第三,中心性指标的一致性:通过分别计算男女性网络节点的out-EI和in-EI中心性指标的皮尔逊相关系数,以检验节点重要性排序的一致性。
如图1所示,基于CLPN构建的中国空巢老年人抑郁症状网络中,共包含90条交叉滞后边缘,其中76条(84%)为非零边缘(OR ≠ 1)。网络中最强的三条交叉滞后边缘分别为D6—D2(OR = 1.17)、D6—D10(OR = 1.14)、D6—D1(OR = 1.12)。此外,网络中识别出两条较强的负向预测边缘:D10—D7(OR = 0.946)、D10—D2(OR = 0.952)。中心性指标out-EI的z-score标准化估计值显示,D6的out-EI值最高,显著高于其他9个症状;其次为D9和D4,二者out-EI虽低于D6,但仍显著高于其余症状,表明这三个症状对下一时间点其他症状的变化具有较强预测力。in-EI的z-score标准化估计值显示,D3最容易受到其他症状的预测影响;而D5的in-EI显著低于其他症状,表明其受网络中其他症状的预测程度最低。
out-EI和in-EI的CS系数分别为0.361和0.672,表明中心性指标结果总体较稳定(图2)。边缘权重的自举置信区间大多较窄(图3),说明估计值较为准确。中心性差异检验结果显示(图4),多数高中心性与低中心性节点之间的差异具有统计学意义,进一步支持了节点中心性的稳定性。
男性和女性空巢老年人的抑郁症状网络结构如图5所示。两组网络的全局结构相似性较低,其有向边权重之间的皮尔逊相关系数为0.208(P = 0.050)。边缘可重复性较高,两个网络中同时存在且作用方向一致的边(OR ≠ 1)共59条,分别占男性与女性网络有效边总数的80.8%和76.6%。中心性指标out-EI和in-EI在性别间的相关系数分别为0.169(P = 0.641)和0.718(P = 0.019),提示out-EI相关性较弱且无统计学意义,反映出核心驱动症状(输出预测效应)的分布呈现出明显的性别特异性。如图6所示,进一步分析发现,女性网络中out-EI最高的症状为D6,与总样本一致,而男性网络中out-EI最高的为D9。此外,总样本中所报告的负向预测边缘更多地存在于女性网络中。
本研究首次使用交叉滞后网络分析法,探讨了中国空巢老年人群体十种抑郁症状之间的纵向关系。结果显示,感到害怕、孤独感和做事费力在抑郁症状网络中处于核心地位,这一发现有助于深化对空巢老年人抑郁机制的理解,并为今后制定有针对性的心理干预措施提供了依据。
在空巢老年人抑郁症状的交叉滞后网络中,D6(感到害怕)是out-EI最高的症状,表现出最强的输出预测效应。既往研究显示,子女离家后,空巢老人更易因身体机能衰退、慢性疾病风险升高、独立生活能力下降以及认知功能减弱而产生心理恐慌,从而显著增加抑郁发生风险[14-15]。恐惧还会加剧老年人的心理脆弱性,阻碍其在退休后培养新爱好、参与社会交往或建立新的社交关系[16]。此外,网络中最强的三条交叉滞后路径均源自D6,包括其对注意力差、生活无法继续、烦恼的正向预测。这表明恐惧常伴随焦虑与担忧,空巢老年人更容易陷入消极情绪,导致注意力难以集中;他们对未来健康、经济状况或社会隔离的过度担忧,可能进一步引发烦恼甚至失去会对生活的希望和动力。
D9(孤独感)和D4(做任何事都很费力)同样表现出较高的输出预测效应,需引起充分重视。孤独被定义为个体感知到期望人际关系与现实之间存在差距时所产生的消极情绪。约40%的老年人存在孤独体验,且这一比例随年龄增长而上升[17]。在中国传统文化中,孝作为核心道德准则,强调子女对父母的尊敬、照料与陪伴。多数老年人期望与子女共同居住以获得生活与情感上的支持,子女也普遍将赡养父母视为应尽的责任与义务,这种代际支持为老年人提供了重要的情感和经济保障[18]。然而,在现代社会背景下,因工作、学业和婚姻等原因,子女与父母分居已成为常态,传统的多代同堂家庭模式逐渐被核心家庭所取代,这种家庭结构的变迁导致了老年人与子女的空间和时间上隔离,难以满足老年人对孝道的情感期待,从而可能引发强烈的孤独感。在医学和健康领域,做任何事都很费力可被视为老年衰弱状态的表现[19],这是由多个生理系统功能衰退导致的老年综合征。研究表明,衰弱与抑郁之间存在显著关联。衰弱个体常因疼痛、握力下降、步态速度缓慢、体重减轻及跌倒频发等功能限制而更易出现残疾或依赖,进而诱发抑郁[20]。一项Meta分析指出,衰弱患者抑郁症总体患病率为38.6%,衰弱可使抑郁发生风险增加90%[21]。韩国一项纵向老龄化研究也发现,社区老年人在两年内进入或持续处于衰弱状态,其抑郁风险均显著上升[22]。
研究还发现,空巢老年人抑郁症状网络存在性别差异。与女性主要源于恐惧不同,男性抑郁更可能由孤独引起。传统家庭性别角色认为,男性多承担经济支持与决策主导职能,而女性则更多负责家庭情感维系与日常生活管理[23]。进入老年后,男性可能因感到身份认同和自我价值感丧失而更易体验到孤独。此外,社会参与(Social participation)被认为是促进健康老龄化的重要措施,而女性参与社交活动的比例及频率高于男性,并更倾向于通过社会联系以缓解情绪困扰[15]。相比之下,女性因身体、认知及心理健康状况通常较差,更易出现恐惧情绪,日常生活中的细微事件也可能引发显著情绪波动,这在一定程度上也解释了为何老年女性抑郁发生率高于男性[24]。D3(感到情绪低落)和D2(注意力差)分别是男性和女性网络中in-EI最高的症状,表明它们最易受其他症状影响,可作为抑郁状态改善或恶化的重要监测指标。此外,总样本中所报告的负向预测边缘更多存在于女性网络中。根据角色压力(缓解)理论[25],父母角色为男性和女性均带来生活压力,而女性通常在家庭照料中承担更多责任;因此,空巢状态也可能在一定程度上释放母亲的育儿与照料压力,为其提供心态调整、情绪缓解的空间,从而部分改善抑郁状况。
综上所述,本研究通过交叉滞后网络分析法揭示了中国空巢老年人抑郁症状的纵向关系,发现感到害怕、孤独感、做事费力处于网络核心,会显著加剧整体抑郁水平。同时,网络存在性别异质性,男性以孤独为核心,女性则以恐惧为关键。因此,在心理干预中需特别关注核心症状,并采取性别差异化策略,以防止有抑郁倾向的空巢老人进一步向抑郁高风险方向发展。本研究基于具有全国代表性的CHARLS数据库,首次将交叉滞后网络分析法应用于中国空巢老年人抑郁的纵向研究中。然而,仍存在一些局限性:首先,采用的CESD-10量表未能涵盖全部抑郁症状,未来可使用完整版CESD以提高症状覆盖度;此外,本研究主要关注长期纵向关系,后续可借助多级向量自回归(Vector Autoregression, VAR)网络模型,在更短的时间间隔内评估抑郁症状的动态变化。
  • 国家社会科学基金项目(25BRK002)
  • 河南省科技攻关项目(242102311135; 232102311023)
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2025年第52卷第22期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505100
  • 接收时间:2025-05-09
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-09
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(25BRK002)
河南省科技攻关项目(242102311135; 232102311023)
作者信息
    1.郑州大学护理与健康学院 社区护理教研室,河南 郑州 450001
    2.河南省人民医院
    3.郑州大学公共卫生学院 社会医学与卫生事业管理教研室
    4.郑州大学第一附属医院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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