Article(id=1322609063339348408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505023, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746460800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793264173587, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793264173587, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793264173587, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793264173587, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322609030938346427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='22', pageStart='4033', pageEnd='4224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793264165863, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793264299902, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322609593264489401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322609593264489402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4112, endPage=4118, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322609063754584505, articleId=1322609063339348408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Investigation on the current situation of talent cultivation, incentive and evaluation in centers for disease control and prevention at the provincial, municipal and county levels, China, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the current status of talent cultivation, motivation, and evaluation of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCs)at the provincial, municipal and county level, and to provide a foundation for enhancing the construction of CDCs talent teams.

Methods

Convenient sampling and snowball sampling methods were adopted to conduct an online survey of in-service personnel from provincial, city, and county CDCs in 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)in China by Questionnaire Star. A 5-point Likert scale was used to score satisfaction.

Results

Among the 3 626 participants, 46.9%, 35.9%, and 64.5% reported that their units had established talent cultivation, motivation, and evaluation mechanisms, respectively. The constructed proportion of the three mechanisms in provincial CDCs and CDCs in the western region was the highest, while that in county(district)CDCs and CDCs in the central region was the lowest.Statistically significant differences were observed in the scoring rates of the three mechanisms among different levels and regions(all P<0.001). Training, professional title, and professional title again were the top keywords for the three mechanisms, with word frequency ratios of 64.4%, 24.4%, and 76.5% respectively. The satisfaction scores of the three mechanisms were 3.49±0.84, 3.55±0.90, and 3.40±0.83 points respectively. Moreover, there were significant differences in satisfaction scores of the three mechanisms among people with different professional titles and positions(all P<0.05).

Conclusion

Both county(district)level CDCs and CDCs in the central region urgently need to strengthen the construction of talent cultivation and incentive mechanisms.Professional titles are currently the main basis for motivating and evaluating talents at all levels of CDCs.CDCs at all levels should further enrich the connotation of the talent mechanism according to the needs and suggestions of employees, explore and optimize the talent incentive and evaluation measures in line with the characteristics of CDCs.

, authors=Chun-hua ZHANG1, 2, Ya-ming HE1, Chun-fang ZHAO1, Shi-yu LI3, Wen-ge TANG1, 2, authorsList=Chun-hua ZHANG, Ya-ming HE, Chun-fang ZHAO, Shi-yu LI, Wen-ge TANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chun-hua ZHANG, Wen-ge TANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322609064325009852, articleId=1322609063339348408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=我国省市县三级疾控人才培养、激励、评价现状调查, columnId=1228016568014139551, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=卫生政策与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解我国省、市、县三级疾病预防控制中心(下简称疾控中心)人才培养、激励、评价现状,为加强疾控人才队伍建设提供依据。

方法

采用方便抽样和滚雪球抽样方法,通过问卷星平台向全国31省(自治区、直辖市)的省、市、县三级疾控在职人员开展在线调查,以Likert 5级正向记分法进行满意度评分。

结果

3 626人参与调查,分别有46.9%、35.9%和64.5%的调查对象表示本单位建有人才培养、激励、评价3项机制,省级疾控、西部地区疾控3项机制建设比例最高,县(区)级疾控、中部地区疾控建设比例最低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。培训、职称、职称分别为3项机制聚焦内容首位关键词,词频占比分别为64.4%、24.4%、76.5%。调查对象对3项机制的满意度得分分别为3.49±0.84、3.55±0.90、3.40±0.83分,得分率分别为69.8%、71.0%和67.9%,均以初级及待聘职称、普通科员满意度得分及得分率为同组别最高,满意度得分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。

结论

我国县(区)级疾控及中部地区疾控亟需加强人才培养、激励机制建设,职称为当前各级疾控人才激励、评价的主要依据,各级疾控均需视员工需求与建议,进一步丰富人才机制内涵,探索、优化符合疾控特色的人才激励、评价措施。

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张春华(1980—),女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:人力资源管理

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唐文革和张春华为共同通信作者。唐文革,E-mail:;
张春华,E-mail:
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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine Management, 2023, 31 (5): 47-51.(In Chinese), articleTitle=A structural equation model study on job satisfaction, job embedding and retention intention of disease control personnel at both municipal and district levels in Shanghai, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322609069119099377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609063339348408, awardId=56, language=CN, fundingSource=中国科协十大代表2024年调研课题专项资助(56), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322609064517947837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609063339348408, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609064526336446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609063339348408, companyId=1322609064517947837, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Human Resources Management, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400707, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609064534725055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609063339348408, companyId=1322609064517947837, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.重庆市疾病预防控制中心人事处,重庆 400707)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322609064597639616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609063339348408, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609064601833921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609063339348408, companyId=1322609064597639616, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.重庆市预防医学科学院公共卫生政策研究中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322609064681525698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609063339348408, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609064685720003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609063339348408, companyId=1322609064681525698, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.重庆医科大学公共卫生学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322609068427039209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609063339348408, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics of the survey respondents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征人数构成(%)特征人数构成(%)
性别年龄组(岁)
男1 54742.7<351 65645.7
女2 07957.335~88724.4
45~1 08329.9
文化程度工作年限(年)
大专及以下85923.7<101 60444.2
本科2 33764.410~79722.0
研究生43011.920~1 22533.8
职称机构级别
初级及待聘1 84850.9省级2366.5
中级1 21733.6地(市)级90825.0
高级56115.5县(区)级2 48268.5
职务地区
单位领导1895.2东部2336.4
中层干部98327.1中部2 54170.1
普通科员2 45467.7西部85223.5
), ArticleFig(id=1322609068494148074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609063339348408, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查对象基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征人数构成(%)特征人数构成(%)
性别年龄组(岁)
男1 54742.7<351 65645.7
女2 07957.335~88724.4
45~1 08329.9
文化程度工作年限(年)
大专及以下85923.7<101 60444.2
本科2 33764.410~79722.0
研究生43011.920~1 22533.8
职称机构级别
初级及待聘1 84850.9省级2366.5
中级1 21733.6地(市)级90825.0
高级56115.5县(区)级2 48268.5
职务地区
单位领导1895.2东部2336.4
中层干部98327.1中部2 54170.1
普通科员2 45467.7西部85223.5
), ArticleFig(id=1322609068573839851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609063339348408, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Construction of talent mechanisms for CDCs at all levels and regions [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别人才培养人才激励人才评价
已建立未建立已建立未建立已建立未建立
机构级别
省级149(63.1)87(36.9)141(59.7)95(40.3)196(83.1)40(16.9)
地(市)级474(52.2)434(47.8)332(36.6)576(63.4)657(72.4)251(27.6)
县(区)级1 079(43.5)1 403(56.5)828(33.4)1 654(66.6)1 485(59.8)997(40.2)
χ2值46.92965.46283.070
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001
地区
东部135(57.9)98(42.1)100(42.9)133(57.1)167(71.7)66(28.3)
中部1 070(42.1)1 471(57.9)827(32.5)1 714(67.5)1 559(61.4)982(38.6)
西部497(58.3)355(41.7)374(43.9)478(56.1)612(71.8)240(28.2)
χ2值79.53141.09336.209
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001
总计1 702(46.9)1 924(53.1)1 301(35.9)2 325(64.1)2 338(64.5)1 288(35.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609068666114540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609063339348408, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各级各地疾控中心人才机制建设情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别人才培养人才激励人才评价
已建立未建立已建立未建立已建立未建立
机构级别
省级149(63.1)87(36.9)141(59.7)95(40.3)196(83.1)40(16.9)
地(市)级474(52.2)434(47.8)332(36.6)576(63.4)657(72.4)251(27.6)
县(区)级1 079(43.5)1 403(56.5)828(33.4)1 654(66.6)1 485(59.8)997(40.2)
χ2值46.92965.46283.070
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001
地区
东部135(57.9)98(42.1)100(42.9)133(57.1)167(71.7)66(28.3)
中部1 070(42.1)1 471(57.9)827(32.5)1 714(67.5)1 559(61.4)982(38.6)
西部497(58.3)355(41.7)374(43.9)478(56.1)612(71.8)240(28.2)
χ2值79.53141.09336.209
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001
总计1 702(46.9)1 924(53.1)1 301(35.9)2 325(64.1)2 338(64.5)1 288(35.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609068745806317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609063339348408, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The top 5 keywords of the focused contents for talent mechanisms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排序人才培养(n=930)人才激励(n=615)人才评价(n=1 003)
关键词出现次数占比(%)关键词出现次数占比(%)关键词出现次数占比(%)
1培训59964.4职称15024.4职称76776.5
2进修13614.6评优13421.8考核20220.1
3人才778.3科研12620.5评分565.6
4学历758.1人才9215.0工作525.2
5带教606.5绩效8813.7科研181.8
), ArticleFig(id=1322609068825498094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609063339348408, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

人才机制聚焦内容前5位关键词

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排序人才培养(n=930)人才激励(n=615)人才评价(n=1 003)
关键词出现次数占比(%)关键词出现次数占比(%)关键词出现次数占比(%)
1培训59964.4职称15024.4职称76776.5
2进修13614.6评优13421.8考核20220.1
3人才778.3科研12620.5评分565.6
4学历758.1人才9215.0工作525.2
5带教606.5绩效8813.7科研181.8
), ArticleFig(id=1322609068909384175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609063339348408, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Satisfaction scores(scoring rates)of different respondents with the current talent mechanisms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别人才培养(n=1 702)人才激励(n=1 301)人才评价(n=2 338)
得分得分率(%)得分得分率(%)得分得分率(%)
机构级别
省级3.42±0.7268.33.38±0.8167.53.24±0.7964.9
地(市)级3.47±0.8169.53.56±0.8571.13.35±0.8267.0
县(区)级3.51±0.8770.13.58±0.9471.53.44±0.8368.7
F值0.843/3.019/5.986/
P值0.431/0.049/0.003/
文化程度
大专及以下3.54±0.8870.83.62±0.9272.43.47±0.8569.4
大学本科3.48±0.8469.63.55±0.9071.03.39±0.8267.8
研究生3.45±0.8069.03.46±0.8969.13.31±0.8166.2
F值0.960/2.030/3.770/
P值0.383/0.132/0.023/
年龄组(岁)
<353.52±0.8570.53.57±0.9171.43.41±0.8368.2
35~3.51±0.8470.23.54±0.9170.83.40±0.8368.1
45~3.41±0.8368.33.53±0.8970.53.36±0.8267.3
F值2.735/0.313/0.710/
P值0.065/0.731/0.492/
工作年限(年)
<103.53±0.8770.53.57±0.9271.53.43±0.8468.6
10~3.50±0.8169.93.54±0.9270.73.34±0.8266.9
20~3.43±0.8368.73.53±0.8770.63.38±0.8267.6
F值1.944/0.321/2.150/
P值0.143/0.725/0.117/
职称
初级及待聘3.56±0.8971.33.63±0.9372.63.49±0.8569.8
中级3.42±0.7768.33.45±0.8969.13.28±0.7965.6
高级3.40±0.8367.93.49±0.8369.83.34±0.8066.8
F值7.235/5.410/16.057/
P值0.001/0.005/<0.001/
地区
东部3.47±0.8469.33.49±0.9069.83.34±0.8866.7
中部3.50±0.8670.13.55±0.9371.13.41±0.8468.2
西部3.46±0.8169.23.56±0.8571.23.38±0.8067.5
F值0.551/0.536/0.839/
P值0.576/0.765/0.432/
职务
单位领导3.22±0.9264.43.46±0.9769.33.18±0.8064.0
中层干部3.42±0.8068.43.46±0.8869.23.36±0.8067.1
普通科员3.53±0.8570.73.59±0.9171.93.43±0.8468.5
F值7.378/3.079/5.419/
P值0.001/0.046/0.004/
总计3.49±0.8469.83.55±0.9071.03.40±0.8367.9
), ArticleFig(id=1322609068993270256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609063339348408, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同调查对象对现行人才机制满意得分(率)情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别人才培养(n=1 702)人才激励(n=1 301)人才评价(n=2 338)
得分得分率(%)得分得分率(%)得分得分率(%)
机构级别
省级3.42±0.7268.33.38±0.8167.53.24±0.7964.9
地(市)级3.47±0.8169.53.56±0.8571.13.35±0.8267.0
县(区)级3.51±0.8770.13.58±0.9471.53.44±0.8368.7
F值0.843/3.019/5.986/
P值0.431/0.049/0.003/
文化程度
大专及以下3.54±0.8870.83.62±0.9272.43.47±0.8569.4
大学本科3.48±0.8469.63.55±0.9071.03.39±0.8267.8
研究生3.45±0.8069.03.46±0.8969.13.31±0.8166.2
F值0.960/2.030/3.770/
P值0.383/0.132/0.023/
年龄组(岁)
<353.52±0.8570.53.57±0.9171.43.41±0.8368.2
35~3.51±0.8470.23.54±0.9170.83.40±0.8368.1
45~3.41±0.8368.33.53±0.8970.53.36±0.8267.3
F值2.735/0.313/0.710/
P值0.065/0.731/0.492/
工作年限(年)
<103.53±0.8770.53.57±0.9271.53.43±0.8468.6
10~3.50±0.8169.93.54±0.9270.73.34±0.8266.9
20~3.43±0.8368.73.53±0.8770.63.38±0.8267.6
F值1.944/0.321/2.150/
P值0.143/0.725/0.117/
职称
初级及待聘3.56±0.8971.33.63±0.9372.63.49±0.8569.8
中级3.42±0.7768.33.45±0.8969.13.28±0.7965.6
高级3.40±0.8367.93.49±0.8369.83.34±0.8066.8
F值7.235/5.410/16.057/
P值0.001/0.005/<0.001/
地区
东部3.47±0.8469.33.49±0.9069.83.34±0.8866.7
中部3.50±0.8670.13.55±0.9371.13.41±0.8468.2
西部3.46±0.8169.23.56±0.8571.23.38±0.8067.5
F值0.551/0.536/0.839/
P值0.576/0.765/0.432/
职务
单位领导3.22±0.9264.43.46±0.9769.33.18±0.8064.0
中层干部3.42±0.8068.43.46±0.8869.23.36±0.8067.1
普通科员3.53±0.8570.73.59±0.9171.93.43±0.8468.5
F值7.378/3.079/5.419/
P值0.001/0.046/0.004/
总计3.49±0.8469.83.55±0.9071.03.40±0.8367.9
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我国省市县三级疾控人才培养、激励、评价现状调查
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张春华 1, 2 , 何亚明 1 , 赵春芳 1 , 李仕昱 3 , 唐文革 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025,52(22): 4112-4118
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现代预防医学 |卫生政策与管理 2025 , 52 (22) : 4112 -4118
我国省市县三级疾控人才培养、激励、评价现状调查
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张春华(1980—),女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:人力资源管理

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张春华1, 2 , 何亚明1, 赵春芳1, 李仕昱3, 唐文革1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.重庆市疾病预防控制中心人事处,重庆 400707
  • 2.重庆市预防医学科学院公共卫生政策研究中心
  • 3.重庆医科大学公共卫生学院
通讯作者:
唐文革和张春华为共同通信作者。唐文革,E-mail:;
张春华,E-mail:
作者简介:

张春华(1980—),女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:人力资源管理

Investigation on the current situation of talent cultivation, incentive and evaluation in centers for disease control and prevention at the provincial, municipal and county levels, China
Chun-hua ZHANG1, 2 , Ya-ming HE1, Chun-fang ZHAO1, Shi-yu LI3, Wen-ge TANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • Department of Human Resources Management, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400707, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505023
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目的

了解我国省、市、县三级疾病预防控制中心(下简称疾控中心)人才培养、激励、评价现状,为加强疾控人才队伍建设提供依据。

方法

采用方便抽样和滚雪球抽样方法,通过问卷星平台向全国31省(自治区、直辖市)的省、市、县三级疾控在职人员开展在线调查,以Likert 5级正向记分法进行满意度评分。

结果

3 626人参与调查,分别有46.9%、35.9%和64.5%的调查对象表示本单位建有人才培养、激励、评价3项机制,省级疾控、西部地区疾控3项机制建设比例最高,县(区)级疾控、中部地区疾控建设比例最低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。培训、职称、职称分别为3项机制聚焦内容首位关键词,词频占比分别为64.4%、24.4%、76.5%。调查对象对3项机制的满意度得分分别为3.49±0.84、3.55±0.90、3.40±0.83分,得分率分别为69.8%、71.0%和67.9%,均以初级及待聘职称、普通科员满意度得分及得分率为同组别最高,满意度得分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。

结论

我国县(区)级疾控及中部地区疾控亟需加强人才培养、激励机制建设,职称为当前各级疾控人才激励、评价的主要依据,各级疾控均需视员工需求与建议,进一步丰富人才机制内涵,探索、优化符合疾控特色的人才激励、评价措施。

疾控中心  /  人才培养  /  人才激励  /  人才评价  /  现状
Objective

To investigate the current status of talent cultivation, motivation, and evaluation of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCs)at the provincial, municipal and county level, and to provide a foundation for enhancing the construction of CDCs talent teams.

Methods

Convenient sampling and snowball sampling methods were adopted to conduct an online survey of in-service personnel from provincial, city, and county CDCs in 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)in China by Questionnaire Star. A 5-point Likert scale was used to score satisfaction.

Results

Among the 3 626 participants, 46.9%, 35.9%, and 64.5% reported that their units had established talent cultivation, motivation, and evaluation mechanisms, respectively. The constructed proportion of the three mechanisms in provincial CDCs and CDCs in the western region was the highest, while that in county(district)CDCs and CDCs in the central region was the lowest.Statistically significant differences were observed in the scoring rates of the three mechanisms among different levels and regions(all P<0.001). Training, professional title, and professional title again were the top keywords for the three mechanisms, with word frequency ratios of 64.4%, 24.4%, and 76.5% respectively. The satisfaction scores of the three mechanisms were 3.49±0.84, 3.55±0.90, and 3.40±0.83 points respectively. Moreover, there were significant differences in satisfaction scores of the three mechanisms among people with different professional titles and positions(all P<0.05).

Conclusion

Both county(district)level CDCs and CDCs in the central region urgently need to strengthen the construction of talent cultivation and incentive mechanisms.Professional titles are currently the main basis for motivating and evaluating talents at all levels of CDCs.CDCs at all levels should further enrich the connotation of the talent mechanism according to the needs and suggestions of employees, explore and optimize the talent incentive and evaluation measures in line with the characteristics of CDCs.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCs)  /  Talent cultivation  /  Talent incentive  /  Talent evaluation  /  Current situation
张春华, 何亚明, 赵春芳, 李仕昱, 唐文革. 我国省市县三级疾控人才培养、激励、评价现状调查. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (22) : 4112 -4118 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505023
Chun-hua ZHANG, Ya-ming HE, Chun-fang ZHAO, Shi-yu LI, Wen-ge TANG. Investigation on the current situation of talent cultivation, incentive and evaluation in centers for disease control and prevention at the provincial, municipal and county levels, China[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (22) : 4112 -4118 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505023
党的二十大报告指出,培养造就大批德才兼备的高素质人才,是国家和民族长远发展大计。疾病预防控制(下简称疾控)体系人才队伍是我国人才队伍的重要组成部分,是保护人民健康、保障公共卫生安全、维护经济社会稳定的重要保障[1]。近年来,我国疾控人才数量和质量都取得了一定进展,但仍存在人才流失、人员结构不合理、高层次和高水平技术人才缺乏及实践应用型人才不足等问题[2]。习近平总书记在《全面提高依法防控依法治理能力,健全国家公共卫生应急管理体系》中指出,要改革疾控体系,加强公共卫生队伍建设[3]。国务院办公厅《关于推动疾病预防控制事业高质量发展的指导意见》明确要求从加强人才培养、优化人员配备、完善人才使用与评价体系、健全人员激励机制四个方面加强疾控人才队伍建设。调查了解我国省、市、县三级疾控人才培养、激励、评价现状,可为今后有针对性加强疾控人才队伍建设提供依据。
本研究选择全国31省(自治区、直辖市)的省、地(市)、县(区)疾控在职人员为调查对象,于2024年11月1—30日通过问卷星平台进行在线调查。除河北省、陕西省、湖南省3省份外,28省(自治区、直辖市)3 626名在职人员参与本研究,其中省、地(市)、县(区)疾控分别有236、908和2 482人,东部10省份233人,中部7省份2 541人,西部11省份852人。
采取方便抽样和滚雪球抽样方法,应用课题组自行设计的《疾控人员调查问卷》,通过问卷星平台进行在线调查和数据收集。本研究调查前已获重庆市疾控中心伦理委员会批准(KY-2024-041-1),并获批免签署知情同意书,参与调查的对象均是在知情同意后再填写问卷。调查内容包括:(1)调查对象性别、年龄、文化程度、工作年限、职称、职务及所在机构级别等基本信息;(2)所在单位是否建立有人才培养、激励、评价机制,人才培养主要措施,人才激励主要范围,人才评价主要方式,以及对3项机制满意度评分及不满意原因等;(3)对本单位人才培养、激励、评价的有关建议。满意度评分采用Likert 5 级评分法进行正向计分,即:很不满意1分,不满意2分,满意3分,比较满意4分,非常满意5分。其中1~2分归纳为不满意,3~5分归纳为满意,满分5分,每个项目1~5分。为方便比较,分析时增加得分率指标,计算公式为:得分率=项目实际得分/该项目理论最高得分*100%。经检验,本研究调查问卷可靠性分析Cronbach α信度系数值为0.793;因子分析KOM 值为0.811,Bartlett球形度检验近似χ2值为38 265.073(P<0.001),具有较好的信效度。
调查时限制同一ip地址或同一微信用户只能填答一次。同时,对填数字或数值类题目,设置填答数字或数值范围,部分选项设置逻辑跳答。
参照《中国卫生健康统计年鉴2023》[4]地区划分方式,将参与调查的28省(自治区、直辖市)划分为东、中、西三个地区。东部包括北京市、天津市、辽宁省、上海市、江苏省、浙江省、福建省、山东省、广东省和海南省10个省份,中部包括山西省、吉林省、黑龙江省、安徽省、江西省、河南省、湖北省7个省份,西部包括四川省、重庆市、贵州省、云南省、西藏自治区、甘肃省、青海省、宁夏回族自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区、广西壮族自治区、内蒙古自治区11个省份。
使用 Excel 2010和SPSS 25.0软件进行数据整理分析,分类资料用“[n(%)]”表示,采用χ2检验比较不同级别机构、不同地区人才机制建设情况;用“”表示满意度评分,采用方差分析比较不同类别人员对人才机制满意度评分,检验水准取α=0.05(双侧)。
共3 626人参与本调查,女性居多,占57.3%;年龄在21~61岁之间,平均(37.8±9.9)岁,以<35岁组为主(占45.7%),≥45岁组其次(占29.9%);文化程度以本科为主(占64.4%),研究生仅占11.9%;职称以初级及待聘为主(占50.9%),高级职称占15.5%;工作年限中位数11(4~25)年,其中<10年最多(占44.2%);省级、地(市)级、县(区)级人员占比分别为6.5%、25.0%、68.5%;东、中、西部分别占6.4%、70.1%、23.5%。见表1。
分别有1 702人(46.9%)、1 301人(35.9%)、2 338人(64.5%)表示本单位建立有人才培养、激励、评价3项机制。省级疾控3项机制建设比例(63.1%、59.7%、83.1%)高于地(市)(52.2%、36.6%、72.4%)、县(区)级疾控(43.5%、33.4%、59.8%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。分地区看,西部地区3项机制建设比例最高(58.3%、43.9%、71.8%),中部地区最低(42.1%、32.5%和61.4%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。见表2。
以开放性填答方式调查人才培养主要措施,人才激励主要范围,人才评价主要方式等内容。930人(54.6%)有效回答本单位人才培养主要措施,前5位关键词分别为培训、进修、人才、学历、带教,词频占比分别为64.4%、14.6%、8.3%、8.1%、6.5%。615人(47.3%)有效回答本单位人才激励主要范围,职称、评优、科研、人才、绩效分别为前5位关键词,分别占24.4%、21.8%、20.5%、15.0%、13.7%。1 003人(42.9%)有效回答本单位人才评价主要方式,前5位关键词分别为职称、考核、评分、工作、科研,词频分别占76.5%、20.1%、5.6%、5.2%和1.8%。职称同时为人才激励、人才评价聚焦内容首位关键词。见表3。
调查对象对现行人才培养、激励、评价3项机制的满意度得分分别为3.49±0.84、3.55±0.90、3.40±0.83分,得分率分别为69.8%、71.0%和67.9%。不同职称、不同职务人员对现行3项机制的满意度得分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),均以初级及待聘职称、普通科员满意度得分及得分率为同组别最高。而不同年龄、不同工作年限及不同地区人员,3项机制满意度得分差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。见表4。
本研究发现,当前人才评价机制建设相对最好,建设比例64.5%,人才激励最差,建设比例仅35.9%。疾控中心机构级别越高,相对越重视人才机制建设,省级疾控人才培养、激励、评价3项机制建设比例均高于地(市)、县(区)级疾控,其中人才激励机制建设比例分别为地(市)、县(区)级的1.6倍和1.8倍,县(区)级疾控亟需加强人才培养、激励机制建设。分地区分析发现,西部地区3项机制建设比例均最高,中部地区建设比例均最低,这与西部地区近年来有多种政策倾斜支持[4-5]有关。
本研究发现,现行人才培养机制主要聚焦各级各类培训,而进修、学历(提升)、带教(传帮带、老带新)涉及很少。职称同时为人才激励、人才评价机制聚焦内容首位关键词,这表明各级疾控当前主要依据职称对员工进行激励和评价。在人才激励上,对科研、人才不够重视,词频分别占20.5%、15.0%。在人才评价上,对工作(占5.2%)重视不足,对科研(占1.8%)鲜有涉及。李玉刚等[2]认为,对疾控人员进行系统、专业的培训,是提升专业技能和应急处置能力的关键,但当前疾控机构人员培训体系存在通知信息不畅通、名额有限、机会不均等以及培训方式不合理等问题。潘杰等[6]发现,上海区县疾控人员激励机制亟待完善。张丽娜[7]发现重庆市县级疾控激励手段存在缺陷,未能兼顾差异性需求。李晓燕等[1]发现我国疾控体系人员分层分类评价体系尚未建立,张娜[8]发现疾控存在结果评价大于过程评价、绩效考核结果运用不足等问题,刘小华等[9]研究发现疾控多采用事业单位“德、能、勤、绩、廉”评价,没有明确量化的指标。诚然,同其他事业单位相比,我国疾控中心存在工作任务、岗位业绩难有效量化和评价[10],通过公共卫生决策促进或转变政府职能的作用无法有效衡量,人才贡献度无法客观评价[8]等客观现实和难题。
本研究发现,初级及待聘职称人员对3项机制满意度得分均高于中、高级职称人员(均P<0.05),中级职称人员对人才激励、评价满意度得分均最低(均P<0.01),其原因可能在于身为单位业务工作中坚力量,工作年限相对较长,工作付出较多,而现行激励、评价却均以职称为主,加之各级疾控中心高级职称岗位有限,还普遍存在“吃大锅饭”和论资排辈现象[11],以致晋升高级职称困难,让其付出与收入不对等,因而满意度得分最低。此外,本研究还发现,单位领导对人才培养、评价机制满意度均最低(得分率均<65.0%),中层干部对人才激励满意度最低(得分率69.2%),这表明现行人才培养、评价、激励机制均需进一步优化完善。有研究认为疾控员工满意度偏低不仅限于某个地区或某层级(机构)[12],薪酬水平低[12-14] 是疾控员工满意度低和离职的首位原因,职称晋升难、发展前景不乐观[12-13] 为重要原因。周葭蔚等[15]研究发现,同级医疗卫生单位医务人员的薪酬待遇为疾控机构同职称人员的3~4倍,高者甚至可达10倍。
(1)加强人才机制建设。针对当前人才培养、激励机制建设比例低下(46.9%、35.9%),以县(区)级疾控、中部地区疾控最为突出的现状,建议尚未建立人才培养、激励机制的疾控中心尽快建立机制。已建立机制,但职工满意度低的疾控中心,应聆听员工心声,视员工发展需求及建议,进一步优化、完善现行机制。(2)丰富人才机制内涵。鉴于当前人才培养对进修、人才、学历(提升)、带教(传帮带、老带新)等很少涉及,人才激励对科研、人才不够重视,人才评价对工作、科研重视不足等现状,建议各级疾控中心增加培训资源投入,引入多元化和创新性的培训方式[2],丰富人才培养方式和形式,建立公平的培训机会分配机制,以满足多层次、个性化的培训需求,同时要提升培训内容和知识技能需求的匹配程度[16];尽快建立或完善符合疾控特点的激励制度和薪酬保障,构建多元激励机制和绩效奖惩机制,体现多劳多得、优绩优酬,破解“大锅饭”难题;探索建立符合疾控特色的多元量化人才评价指标体系[17],优化现行职称评聘机制。(3)创新评价激励举措。建议各级疾控中心积极探索、完善考核评价与奖惩制度,建立以员工需求为导向的差异化激励机制。针对不同岗位,制定差异化评价标准。评价指标除工作量外,还应考虑工作强度、工作质量、创新能力等因素。既往研究表明,为员工提供高效的岗位培训、保障工作回报、减轻工作负荷、改善工作条件、给予组织支持是提升疾控人员职业认同感的有力举措[18],合理的绩效考核制度与激励措施,可在很大程度上提高工作成就感,提高工作满意度[19]。
存在的不足。本研究调查时,对是否建立有人才培养、激励、评价机制,凡回答“是”,均须开放性填答该机制主要内容(或范围或措施);凡对现行人才培养、激励、评价机制回答“很不满意”或“不满意”,均须开放性填答不满意原因,无形中增加了填写负担,以致关于3项机制主要内容(或范围或措施)采集到的有效信息不多,对3项机制满意度评分可能被高估,研究结果对全面推广可能有一定影响。
  • 中国科协十大代表2024年调研课题专项资助(56)
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2025年第52卷第22期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505023
  • 接收时间:2025-05-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-06
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中国科协十大代表2024年调研课题专项资助(56)
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    1.重庆市疾病预防控制中心人事处,重庆 400707
    2.重庆市预防医学科学院公共卫生政策研究中心
    3.重庆医科大学公共卫生学院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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