Article(id=1322609046713119687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507120, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751904000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793264169623, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793264169623, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793264169623, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793264169623, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322609030938346427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='22', pageStart='4033', pageEnd='4224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793264165863, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793264299902, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322609593264489401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322609593264489402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4119, endPage=4125, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322609046939612104, articleId=1322609046713119687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Research on the status of talent team construction and countermeasures of childcare workers, Sichuan, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the personnel development status of childcare workers in Sichuan Province and their training requirement, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions.

Methods

An questionnaire survey was conducted among childcare workers in infant care institutions for children under 3 years of age across 21 cities in Sichuan Province. The survey was organized by Health Commission of Sichuan Province and the Decision-making Consultative Committee of Sichuan Provincial Committee and the Government of Sichuan Province. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used for multiple comparisons and Bonferroni correction to analyze the differences in training situations among different job types and institutional characters.

Results

Among 9 662 childcare workers, 55.34% of them were with junior college diploma, 66.65% were with preschool education major, 20.53% didn’t receive qualification certificate. 93.07% of them had a monthly income of 4 000 yuan or less. 30.49% didn’t have the "Five Social Insurance and One Housing Fund", and 41.63% of them worked in institutions without a position promotion mechanism. 18.15% didn’t receive pre-job training, 15.76% didn’t received on-the-job training, and 86.53% would participate in regular training. The proportions of those engaged in health care who received pre-job training, on-the-job training, and would participate in regular training were higher than those of teachers and childcare workers(χ2=81.839,P<0.001;χ2=39.409,P<0.001;χ2=42.831,P<0.001). The proportions of employees in private institutions who received pre-job and on-the-job training were higher than those in public institutions(χ2=18.526,P<0.01;χ2=24.227,P<0.001).

Conclusion

The problem of childcare workers in Sichuan Province includes insufficient job fit, lack of systematic training, and limited career development,and et al. It is suggested to make targeted strategies in order to strengthen the construction of talent team of childcare workers and promote the healthy and sustainable development of childcare industry.

, authors=Chang-fei DENG1, Jie PU1, Mu-tian QIAO1, Ping XIONG1, Ya-guo ZHANG1, Ya-xuan NIU1, Shu-yue XIAO1, Yan HAO1, Li ZHAO2, Lin ZHANG1, Xue XIAO1, authorsList=Chang-fei DENG, Jie PU, Mu-tian QIAO, Ping XIONG, Ya-guo ZHANG, Ya-xuan NIU, Shu-yue XIAO, Yan HAO, Li ZHAO, Lin ZHANG, Xue XIAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jie PU, Xue XIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322609047514231753, articleId=1322609046713119687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=四川省托育服务人才队伍建设现状分析及对策研究, columnId=1228016568014139551, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=卫生政策与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

掌握四川省托育服务人才队伍建设状况及培训相关需求,并提出对策建议。

方法

由四川省卫生健康委和四川省委省政府决策咨询委员会组织,以全省21个市(州)3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务机构的在岗托育从业人员为调查对象,开展问卷调查。采用卡方检验或Fisher精确检验,进行多重比较及Bonferroni校正,分析不同工作类型和机构性质的培训情况差异。

结果

9 662名托育从业人员参与调查,其中55.34%为大专学历,66.65%为幼师专业,20.53%未获得从业资格证书。93.07%月收入≤4 000元,30.49%无五险一金,41.63%所在机构无职位升迁机制。18.15%未接受岗前培训,15.76%未接受岗位培训,86.53%愿意参加定期培训。从事卫生保健工作的托育从业人员接受岗前培训、岗位培训和愿意参加定期培训的比例高于教师和保育工作者(χ2=81.839,P<0.001;χ2=39.409,P<0.001;χ2=42.831,P<0.001)。私立机构的托育从业人员接受岗前和岗位培训的比例高于公立机构(χ2=18.526,P<0.01;χ2=24.227,P<0.001)。

结论

四川省托育从业人员存在岗位适配性不足、培训系统性缺乏、职业发展性受限等问题。建议制定有针对性的策略,加强托育服务人才队伍建设,促进托育事业健康可持续发展。

, authors=邓长飞1, 蒲杰1, 乔牧天1, 熊萍1, 张亚果1, 牛雅萱1, 肖述月1, 郝妍1, 赵莉2, 张林1, 肖雪1, authorsList=邓长飞, 蒲杰, 乔牧天, 熊萍, 张亚果, 牛雅萱, 肖述月, 郝妍, 赵莉, 张林, 肖雪, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=蒲杰, 肖雪, authorNote=

邓长飞(1981—),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:妇幼健康管理

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蒲杰和肖雪为共同通信作者。蒲杰,E-mail:;
肖雪,E-mail:
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Modern Education Management, 2020 (6): 48-55.(In Chinese), articleTitle=The basic questions that need to be clarified in the cultivation of early education teachers in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322609064060760147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609046713119687, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=38, issue=6, pageStart=1, pageEnd=10, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=40, authorNames=秦旭芳, 黄思芸, journalName=陕西学前师范学院学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=秦旭芳,黄思芸. 我国0~3岁婴幼儿托育教养人员生存状态调查研究 [J]. 陕西学前师范学院学报, 2022, 38 (6): 1-10., articleTitle=我国0~3岁婴幼儿托育教养人员生存状态调查研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322609064136257620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609046713119687, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=38, issue=6, pageStart=1, pageEnd=10, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Qin XF, Huang SY, journalName=Journal of Shaanxi Institute of Education, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qin XF, Huang SY. An investigation on the living condition of nurturers of 0-3-year-old infants in China [J]. Journal of Shaanxi Institute of Education, 2022, 38 (6): 1-10.(In Chinese), articleTitle=An investigation on the living condition of nurturers of 0-3-year-old infants in China, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322609055336607775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609046713119687, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省委省政府决策咨询委员会2022年重点项目《全省婴幼儿照护服务体系》, fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322609055399522336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609046713119687, awardId=2023JDR0003, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省科技厅软科学研究项目《全省婴幼儿照护服务体系研究》(2023JDR0003), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322609055487602721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609046713119687, awardId=GLYJ2024-01, language=CN, fundingSource=四川大学华西第二医院2024年党政管理研究项目(GLYJ2024-01), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322609048965460939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609046713119687, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609048978043852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609046713119687, companyId=1322609048965460939, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Sichuan Provincial Standardization Construction and Training Guidance Institution of Early Childhood Care of Ages 0-3/ West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University/ Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan university), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609048982238157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609046713119687, companyId=1322609048965460939, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川省0~3岁婴幼儿托育标准化建设与培训指导中心/四川大学华西第二医院/出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室,四川 成都 610066)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322609049053541327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609046713119687, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609049061929936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609046713119687, companyId=1322609049053541327, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院卫生政策与管理学系)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322609054338363409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609046713119687, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The characteristics of childcare workers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称例数(%)
性别
男207(2.14)
女9 455(97.86)
年龄(岁)
≤20394(4.08)
21~305 013(51.88)
31~402 636(27.28)
>401 619(16.76)
学历
初中及以下1 517(15.70)
高中1 370(14.18)
大专5 347(55.34)
本科1 407(14.56)
硕士及以上21(0.22)
专业背景
幼师专业6 440(66.65)
早教专业618(6.40)
师范类其他专业531(5.50)
医学类其他专业147(1.52)
护理专业820(8.49)
心理专业63(0.65)
保育专业262(2.71)
管理专业125(1.29)
其他656(6.79)
从事托育工作年限(年)
≤55 785(59.87)
6~102 518(26.06)
11~15645(6.68)
16~20256(2.65)
≥21458(4.74)
主要工作类型
保育工作2 623(27.15)
教师工作6 166(63.82)
卫生保健工作438(4.53)
行政管理工作326(3.37)
其他109(1.13)
机构性质
公立1 702(17.62)
企事业单位/集体办309(3.20)
私立7 078(73.26)
公助民办461(4.77)
其他102(1.16)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609054439026706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609046713119687, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

托育从业人员的基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称例数(%)
性别
男207(2.14)
女9 455(97.86)
年龄(岁)
≤20394(4.08)
21~305 013(51.88)
31~402 636(27.28)
>401 619(16.76)
学历
初中及以下1 517(15.70)
高中1 370(14.18)
大专5 347(55.34)
本科1 407(14.56)
硕士及以上21(0.22)
专业背景
幼师专业6 440(66.65)
早教专业618(6.40)
师范类其他专业531(5.50)
医学类其他专业147(1.52)
护理专业820(8.49)
心理专业63(0.65)
保育专业262(2.71)
管理专业125(1.29)
其他656(6.79)
从事托育工作年限(年)
≤55 785(59.87)
6~102 518(26.06)
11~15645(6.68)
16~20256(2.65)
≥21458(4.74)
主要工作类型
保育工作2 623(27.15)
教师工作6 166(63.82)
卫生保健工作438(4.53)
行政管理工作326(3.37)
其他109(1.13)
机构性质
公立1 702(17.62)
企事业单位/集体办309(3.20)
私立7 078(73.26)
公助民办461(4.77)
其他102(1.16)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609054522912788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609046713119687, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Salary and promotion situation of childcare workers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称例数(%)
月收入(元)
≤2 0002 506(25.94)
2 001~4 0006 486(67.13)
>4 000670(6.93)
五险一金
有6 716(69.51)
无2 946(30.49)
职位升迁机制
是5 640(58.37)
否4 022(41.63)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609054602604565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609046713119687, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

托育从业人员薪酬晋升情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称例数(%)
月收入(元)
≤2 0002 506(25.94)
2 001~4 0006 486(67.13)
>4 000670(6.93)
五险一金
有6 716(69.51)
无2 946(30.49)
职位升迁机制
是5 640(58.37)
否4 022(41.63)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609054678102039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609046713119687, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The situation of childcare workers obtaining occupational qualification certificates

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称获得从业资格证
[n(%)]
无从业资格证
[n(%)]
χ2P值
主要工作类型195.670<0.001
保育工作1 883(71.79)a740(28.21)a
教师工作5 119(83.02)b1 047(16.98)b
卫生保健工作364(83.11)b74(16.89)b
行政管理工作255(78.22)a,b71(21.78)a,b
其他57(52.29)c52(47.71)c
机构性质2.8620.581
公立1 372(80.61)330(19.39)
私立5 598(79.09)1 480(20.91)
公助民办372(80.69)89(19.31)
企事业单位/集体办249(80.58)60(19.42)
其他87(77.68)25(22.32)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609054741016600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609046713119687, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

托育从业人员获得从业资格证情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称获得从业资格证
[n(%)]
无从业资格证
[n(%)]
χ2P值
主要工作类型195.670<0.001
保育工作1 883(71.79)a740(28.21)a
教师工作5 119(83.02)b1 047(16.98)b
卫生保健工作364(83.11)b74(16.89)b
行政管理工作255(78.22)a,b71(21.78)a,b
其他57(52.29)c52(47.71)c
机构性质2.8620.581
公立1 372(80.61)330(19.39)
私立5 598(79.09)1 480(20.91)
公助民办372(80.69)89(19.31)
企事业单位/集体办249(80.58)60(19.42)
其他87(77.68)25(22.32)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609054808125465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609046713119687, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The situation of childcare workers receiving pre-job training

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称岗前培训[n(%)]无岗前培训[n(%)]χ2P值
主要工作类型81.839<0.001
保育工作2 231(85.06)a392(14.94)a
教师工作4 916(79.73)b1 250(20.27)b
卫生保健工作395(90.18)c43(9.82)c
行政管理工作291(89.26)a,c35(10.74)a,c
其他75(68.81)b34(31.19)b
机构性质18.5260.001
公立1 340(78.73)a362(21.27)a
私立5 846(82.59)b1 232(17.41)b
公助民办381(82.65)a,b80(17.35)a,b
企事业单位/集体办243(78.64)a,b66(21.36)a,b
其他98(87.50)a,b14(12.50)a,b
), ArticleFig(id=1322609054896205850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609046713119687, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

托育从业人员接受岗前培训情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称岗前培训[n(%)]无岗前培训[n(%)]χ2P值
主要工作类型81.839<0.001
保育工作2 231(85.06)a392(14.94)a
教师工作4 916(79.73)b1 250(20.27)b
卫生保健工作395(90.18)c43(9.82)c
行政管理工作291(89.26)a,c35(10.74)a,c
其他75(68.81)b34(31.19)b
机构性质18.5260.001
公立1 340(78.73)a362(21.27)a
私立5 846(82.59)b1 232(17.41)b
公助民办381(82.65)a,b80(17.35)a,b
企事业单位/集体办243(78.64)a,b66(21.36)a,b
其他98(87.50)a,b14(12.50)a,b
), ArticleFig(id=1322609054992674843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609046713119687, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

The situation of childcare workers receiving on-the-job training

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称岗位培训[n(%)]无岗位培训[n(%)]χ2P值
主要工作类型39.409<0.001
保育工作2 150(81.97)a473(18.03)a
教师工作5 219(84.64)b947(15.36)b
卫生保健工作394(89.95)c44(10.05)c
行政管理工作295(90.49)c31(9.51)c
其他81(74.31)a28(25.69)a
机构性质24.227<0.001
公立1 378(80.96)a324(19.04)a
私立6 006(84.85)b1 072(15.15)b
公助民办397(86.12)a,b64(13.88)a,b
企事业单位/集体办254(82.20)a,b55(17.80)a,b
其他104(92.86)b8(7.14)b
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托育从业人员接受岗位培训情况

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变量名称岗位培训[n(%)]无岗位培训[n(%)]χ2P值
主要工作类型39.409<0.001
保育工作2 150(81.97)a473(18.03)a
教师工作5 219(84.64)b947(15.36)b
卫生保健工作394(89.95)c44(10.05)c
行政管理工作295(90.49)c31(9.51)c
其他81(74.31)a28(25.69)a
机构性质24.227<0.001
公立1 378(80.96)a324(19.04)a
私立6 006(84.85)b1 072(15.15)b
公助民办397(86.12)a,b64(13.88)a,b
企事业单位/集体办254(82.20)a,b55(17.80)a,b
其他104(92.86)b8(7.14)b
), ArticleFig(id=1322609055164641309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609046713119687, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

The training requirement of childcare workers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称愿意参加定期培训不愿意参加定期培训χ2P值
主要工作类型42.831<0.001
保育工作2 205(84.06)a418(15.94)a
教师工作5 370(87.09)b796(12.91)b
卫生保健工作405(92.47)c33(7.53)c
行政管理工作297(91.10)b,c29(8.90)b,c
其他84(77.06)a25(22.94)a
机构性质8.7080.069
公立1 446(84.96)256(15.04)
私立6 141(86.76)937(13.24)
公助民办414(89.80)47(10.20)
企事业单位/集体办263(85.11)46(14.89)
其他97(86.61)15(13.39)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609055240138782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609046713119687, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

托育从业人员的培训需求情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称愿意参加定期培训不愿意参加定期培训χ2P值
主要工作类型42.831<0.001
保育工作2 205(84.06)a418(15.94)a
教师工作5 370(87.09)b796(12.91)b
卫生保健工作405(92.47)c33(7.53)c
行政管理工作297(91.10)b,c29(8.90)b,c
其他84(77.06)a25(22.94)a
机构性质8.7080.069
公立1 446(84.96)256(15.04)
私立6 141(86.76)937(13.24)
公助民办414(89.80)47(10.20)
企事业单位/集体办263(85.11)46(14.89)
其他97(86.61)15(13.39)
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四川省托育服务人才队伍建设现状分析及对策研究
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邓长飞 1 , 蒲杰 1 , 乔牧天 1 , 熊萍 1 , 张亚果 1 , 牛雅萱 1 , 肖述月 1 , 郝妍 1 , 赵莉 2 , 张林 1 , 肖雪 1
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025,52(22): 4119-4125
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现代预防医学 |卫生政策与管理 2025 , 52 (22) : 4119 -4125
四川省托育服务人才队伍建设现状分析及对策研究
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邓长飞1, 蒲杰1 , 乔牧天1, 熊萍1, 张亚果1, 牛雅萱1, 肖述月1, 郝妍1, 赵莉2, 张林1, 肖雪1
作者信息
  • 1.四川省0~3岁婴幼儿托育标准化建设与培训指导中心/四川大学华西第二医院/出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室,四川 成都 610066
  • 2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院卫生政策与管理学系
通讯作者:
蒲杰和肖雪为共同通信作者。蒲杰,E-mail:;
肖雪,E-mail:
作者简介:

邓长飞(1981—),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:妇幼健康管理

Research on the status of talent team construction and countermeasures of childcare workers, Sichuan
Chang-fei DENG1, Jie PU1 , Mu-tian QIAO1, Ping XIONG1, Ya-guo ZHANG1, Ya-xuan NIU1, Shu-yue XIAO1, Yan HAO1, Li ZHAO2, Lin ZHANG1, Xue XIAO1
Affiliations
  • Sichuan Provincial Standardization Construction and Training Guidance Institution of Early Childhood Care of Ages 0-3/ West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University/ Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan university), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507120
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目的

掌握四川省托育服务人才队伍建设状况及培训相关需求,并提出对策建议。

方法

由四川省卫生健康委和四川省委省政府决策咨询委员会组织,以全省21个市(州)3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务机构的在岗托育从业人员为调查对象,开展问卷调查。采用卡方检验或Fisher精确检验,进行多重比较及Bonferroni校正,分析不同工作类型和机构性质的培训情况差异。

结果

9 662名托育从业人员参与调查,其中55.34%为大专学历,66.65%为幼师专业,20.53%未获得从业资格证书。93.07%月收入≤4 000元,30.49%无五险一金,41.63%所在机构无职位升迁机制。18.15%未接受岗前培训,15.76%未接受岗位培训,86.53%愿意参加定期培训。从事卫生保健工作的托育从业人员接受岗前培训、岗位培训和愿意参加定期培训的比例高于教师和保育工作者(χ2=81.839,P<0.001;χ2=39.409,P<0.001;χ2=42.831,P<0.001)。私立机构的托育从业人员接受岗前和岗位培训的比例高于公立机构(χ2=18.526,P<0.01;χ2=24.227,P<0.001)。

结论

四川省托育从业人员存在岗位适配性不足、培训系统性缺乏、职业发展性受限等问题。建议制定有针对性的策略,加强托育服务人才队伍建设,促进托育事业健康可持续发展。

托育服务  /  队伍建设  /  培训  /  对策
Objective

To understand the personnel development status of childcare workers in Sichuan Province and their training requirement, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions.

Methods

An questionnaire survey was conducted among childcare workers in infant care institutions for children under 3 years of age across 21 cities in Sichuan Province. The survey was organized by Health Commission of Sichuan Province and the Decision-making Consultative Committee of Sichuan Provincial Committee and the Government of Sichuan Province. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used for multiple comparisons and Bonferroni correction to analyze the differences in training situations among different job types and institutional characters.

Results

Among 9 662 childcare workers, 55.34% of them were with junior college diploma, 66.65% were with preschool education major, 20.53% didn’t receive qualification certificate. 93.07% of them had a monthly income of 4 000 yuan or less. 30.49% didn’t have the "Five Social Insurance and One Housing Fund", and 41.63% of them worked in institutions without a position promotion mechanism. 18.15% didn’t receive pre-job training, 15.76% didn’t received on-the-job training, and 86.53% would participate in regular training. The proportions of those engaged in health care who received pre-job training, on-the-job training, and would participate in regular training were higher than those of teachers and childcare workers(χ2=81.839,P<0.001;χ2=39.409,P<0.001;χ2=42.831,P<0.001). The proportions of employees in private institutions who received pre-job and on-the-job training were higher than those in public institutions(χ2=18.526,P<0.01;χ2=24.227,P<0.001).

Conclusion

The problem of childcare workers in Sichuan Province includes insufficient job fit, lack of systematic training, and limited career development,and et al. It is suggested to make targeted strategies in order to strengthen the construction of talent team of childcare workers and promote the healthy and sustainable development of childcare industry.

Childcare worker  /  Team building  /  Training  /  Countermeasures
邓长飞, 蒲杰, 乔牧天, 熊萍, 张亚果, 牛雅萱, 肖述月, 郝妍, 赵莉, 张林, 肖雪. 四川省托育服务人才队伍建设现状分析及对策研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (22) : 4119 -4125 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507120
Chang-fei DENG, Jie PU, Mu-tian QIAO, Ping XIONG, Ya-guo ZHANG, Ya-xuan NIU, Shu-yue XIAO, Yan HAO, Li ZHAO, Lin ZHANG, Xue XIAO. Research on the status of talent team construction and countermeasures of childcare workers, Sichuan[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (22) : 4119 -4125 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507120
3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务是家庭养育照护的有力补充[1],对于增进婴幼儿身心健康、促进人口长期均衡发展具有重要战略意义[2-4]。托育人才队伍建设是保障高质量托育服务的核心力量。随着社会对托育服务需求进一步释放,托育人才供给存在巨大的缺口[5]。以习近平总书记为核心的党中央高度重视托育人才队伍建设,提出推动建立托育从业人员职业资格准入制度和培训制度,加快建设一支品德高尚、富有爱心、敬业奉献、素质优良的婴幼儿照护服务队伍[6]。欧美发达国家历来重视托育从业人员的职业准入、专业标准和能力建设,出台了系列政策法规,并开展大量实践[7-8]。
然而,我国托育服务人才体系建设尚处于起步阶段,托育专业人才缺乏,职业培训落实不到位,难以满足婴幼儿家庭的托育需求和社会公众的期望[9-12]。为掌握四川省托育服务人才队伍建设状况及培训相关需求,本研究针对四川省3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务机构的托育从业人员开展调查研究,为制定针对性的对策建议提供依据。
作为四川省3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务现况调查的一部分[4,13],由四川省卫生健康委和四川省委省政府决策咨询委员会组织,以全省21个市(州)3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务机构的在岗从业人员为调查对象,于2022年5~6月开展匿名问卷调查。通过问卷星回收问卷9 662份,有效问卷9 662份。
本研究采用问卷调查法,问卷内容包括:(1)基本情况:包括性别、年龄、学历、专业背景、主要工作类型、机构性质、获得从业资格证情况等;(2)薪酬晋升情况:包括月收入、五险一金、职位升迁机制等;(3)培训情况:包括培训机构、培训频率、培训时长等;(4)培训需求:包括希望培训形式、培训频率、培训内容等。
调查问卷由四川省委省政府决策咨询委员会组织项目专家组,通过文献复习、现场考察等方法设计。通过后台监测,及时向21个市(州)卫生健康委反馈并核实数据。采用Excel 2016、SPSS 21.0软件进行数据清洗和逻辑纠错。
采用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析,描述性分析托育人才队伍建设情况。采用卡方检验或Fisher精确检验,进行多重比较及Bonferroni校正,分析不同工作类型和机构性质的培训情况差异。检验水准α=0.05。
9 662名托育从业人员中,97.86%为女性,51.88%为21~30岁,55.34%为大专学历,66.65%为幼师专业。59.87%从事托育工作≤5年,63.82%主要从事教师工作,27.15%从事保育工作。73.26%的托育从业人员所在机构为私立,17.62%为公立。见表1。
67.13%的托育从业人员月收入在2 001~4 000元之间,25.94%≤2 000元。30.49%的托育从业人员无五险一金。41.63%的托育从业人员所在机构无系统的职位升迁机制。见表2。
20.53%的托育从业人员未获得从业资格证书。托育从业人员获得的从业资格证主要为教师资格证(61.28%),其次为保育员/师技能等级证书(28.77%)和育婴员技能等级证书(5.00%),以及医师/保健员资格证(1.34%)和护士资格证(1.35%)等。其中,从事保育工作者主要获得保育员/师技能等级证书(77.54%),教师(81.54%)、行政管理人员(67.45%)主要获得教师资格证。
不同工作类型的托育从业人员获得从业资格证的构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。其中,卫生保健工作者(83.11%)和教师(83.02%)高于保育工作者(71.79%)。不同机构性质的托育从业人员获得从业资格证书的构成比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表3。
18.15%的托育从业人员未接受岗前培训。接受岗前培训的托育从业人员中,22.40%未获得培训合格证书。70.00%的岗前培训机构为医疗相关机构(包括妇幼保健院、社区卫生服务中心、疾控中心等),其次为托育机构(14.80%)和培训/教育机构(8.90%)。岗前培训时间主要为1~5天(49.29%),其次为>15天(24.09%)和6~10天(17.77%)。
不同工作类型的托育从业人员接受岗前培训的构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。其中,卫生保健工作者(90.18%)接受岗前培训的比例高于保育工作者(85.06%)和教师(79.73%),行政管理工作者(89.26%)高于教师(79.73%)。不同机构性质的托育从业人员接受岗前培训的构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。私立机构(82.59%)的托育从业人员接受岗前培训的比例高于公立机构(78.73%),见表4。
15.76%的托育从业人员未接受岗位培训。接受岗位培训的托育从业人员中,37.20%未获得培训合格证书。岗位培训机构主要为区县级机构(42.98%)、民营培训机构(29.64%)、地市级机构(12.45%)和省级机构(9.87%)。岗位培训频率主要为每季度一次(44.05%)和每学期一次(41.49%),其次为每年一次(9.08%)。
不同工作类型的托育从业人员接受岗位培训的构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。其中,行政管理工作者(90.49%)和卫生保健工作者(89.95%)接受岗位培训的比例高于教师(84.64%)和保育工作者(81.97%)。不同机构性质的托育从业人员接受岗位培训构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。其中,私立机构(84.85%)的托育从业人员接受岗位培训的比例高于公立机构(80.96%),见表5。
86.53%的托育从业人员愿意参加定期培训。希望培训的形式主要为专题授课(37.73%),其次为教师带教(20.57%)和集中答疑研讨(19.73%),以及考察学习(16.24%)和异校锻炼(5.45%)。希望定期培训频率主要为每学期一次(48.34%)和每季度一次(38.65%),其次为每年一次(11.25%)。希望定期培训时长主要为1~5天(71.02%)、其次为6~10天(14.19%)和>15天(9.15%)。希望培训的知识以婴幼儿生理心理发展知识(64.47%)和婴幼儿保健与急救知识(58.33%)为主,其次为婴幼儿早期教育知识(33.98%)和婴幼儿生活护理知识(32.47%)。希望培训的技能以观察了解婴幼儿的能力(77.56%)和早期教育的能力(65.05%)为主,其次为复杂情况应变能力(59.66%)和儿童日常照料与护理能力(51.75%)。
不同工作类型的托育从业人员愿意参加定期培训的构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。卫生保健工作者(92.47%)愿意参加定期培训的比例高于教师(87.09%)和保育工作者(84.06%),行政管理工作者(91.10%)高于保育工作者(84.06%)。不同机构性质的托育从业人员愿意参加定期培训的构成比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表6。
在学历和专业方面,美国、加拿大、英国、日本等普遍要求托育从业人员具备大专及以上学历,专业背景涵盖儿童发展、早期教育等领域[14]。本研究发现,四川省保育人员主要为初高中及以下学历,教师、卫生保健和行政管理工作者主要为大专学历,整体学历门槛较低。66.65%的托育从业人员为幼师专业。目前我国高职师范学校少有独立的婴幼儿照护服务相关课程,幼师专业课程缺乏3岁以下婴幼儿保育教育的理论知识和实践技能培养,制约入职后的岗位适配性[15]。
在资质认证方面,美国《开端计划执行标准》要求,早期开端计划中心的教师至少需获得婴幼儿发展助理证书[8]。《四川省托育机构管理规范细则(试行)》规定[16],托育机构的婴幼儿照护人员应当具有婴幼儿照护经验或原则上应取得育婴员、保育员、护士、医师、幼儿教师资格证等国家职业资格证书。本研究显示,四川省20.53%的托育从业人员未获得从业资格证书,与既往调查结果一致[9]。所获证书主要为教师资格证(61.28%),而幼儿园教师资格证主要针对3~6岁学龄前期儿童,与3岁以下婴幼儿照护和教育内容并不相符,学员的从业能力和服务水平较难保证[3, 10]。
美国要求保育员岗前接受120小时以上的正规幼儿教育培训和480小时以上的早期教育工作经历[17],同时要求各州使用“婴幼儿专家网络”,由婴幼儿专家通过现场专题培训、网络研讨会和电子邮件等方式进行培训指导[18]。欧洲国家将讲座、教研会和观摩课等作为托育从业人员培训的主要形式[19]。本研究显示,18.15%的四川省托育从业人员未接受岗前培训,15.76%未接受岗位培训。岗前培训时间主要为1~5天,22.40%未获得培训合格证书。岗位培训主要为每季度或每学期一次,37.20%未获得培训合格证书。说明四川省托育从业人员的岗前和岗位培训存在缺位,同时培训时间短、频次低,培训质量难以保障。
本研究发现,卫生保健人员接受岗前和岗位培训的比例高于教师和保育人员,提示在当前医育融合的大背景下,社会公众特别是卫健部门对婴幼儿健康发展越来越重视,使得卫生保健人员有机会接受更多培训。私立机构的托育从业人员接受岗前和岗位培训的比例高于公立机构,可能与私立机构的组织管理更加灵活,便于组织开展园区培训有关。86.53%的托育从业人员愿意参加定期培训,提示四川省托育从业人员的培训需求旺盛,但目前的培训开展情况尚未满足不同类型人员多样化的培训需求。
本研究显示,四川省托育从业人员薪酬待遇低(93.07%的月收入≤4 000元)、无五险一金(30.49%),且晋升渠道不畅通(41.63%)。既往研究显示,月收入低于4 000元和职业发展不满意的托育从业人员更容易发生职业倦怠[4]。收入与付出不成正比,职业发展前景不佳,势必影响托育从业人员的岗位认同度,导致人才大量流失。既往研究显示,早教专业毕业生入职1~3年内离职/转岗率高达64%,与缺乏职称晋升通道、职业发展和归属感受限有关[9]。
加快完善四川省婴幼儿照护服务人才培育体系,提高托育人才队伍储备。鼓励四川省高等院校和职业院校加快开设婴幼儿照护相关专业,增加托育师资配备,适度扩大招生规模,合理设置课程计划和教学内容,全面提升托育人才综合素质。切实把好入口关,合理制定托育从业人员的资格准入标准,进一步明确最低学历、资格证级、实践经历等要求[17]。严格落实托育从业人员持证上岗制度,确保其具备婴幼儿照护所需的专业知识、素养和能力[20]。
四川省应加快制定适应3岁以下婴幼儿身心发展特点的托育从业人员培训计划和人才发展规划,将托育从业人员作为急需紧缺人员纳入培训规划。健全岗前-岗位-进阶的托育从业人员培训制度,以满足婴幼儿多样化需求为导向,坚持医育结合,针对不同类型的托育从业人员制定有针对性的培训计划,构建系统化、梯度化的培训内容,涵盖回应性照护、婴幼儿营养、心理发展、急救护理等,加大实操技能训练[21-22],提升托育从业人员的综合服务能力。
加大社会宣传力度,营造和谐包容、关心关爱的社会支持环境。充分发挥四川省卫健、教育、人社等部门作用,加强托育人才扶持的政策法规体系,制定合理的薪酬标准和工资增长制度[23]。建立托育机构保险制度,鼓励托育机构购买综合责任险,并为员工缴纳五险一金。健全不同岗位人员的职业等级评定和职称晋升机制,提供良好的就业环境和职业发展平台,吸引更多高素质专业人才投身托育行业,提升岗位认同度和职业吸引力。
综上,本研究分析四川省托育服务人才队伍建设现状,结合目前存在的问题和人员培训需求,提出针对性系统性的对策建议。本研究仅采用横断面问卷调查,今后可进一步开展典型调查和人员访谈,深入分析托育从业人员的现状和瓶颈问题,制订更精准个性化的干预措施。
  • 四川省委省政府决策咨询委员会2022年重点项目《全省婴幼儿照护服务体系》
  • 四川省科技厅软科学研究项目《全省婴幼儿照护服务体系研究》(2023JDR0003)
  • 四川大学华西第二医院2024年党政管理研究项目(GLYJ2024-01)
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2025年第52卷第22期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507120
  • 接收时间:2025-07-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-08
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四川省委省政府决策咨询委员会2022年重点项目《全省婴幼儿照护服务体系》
四川省科技厅软科学研究项目《全省婴幼儿照护服务体系研究》(2023JDR0003)
四川大学华西第二医院2024年党政管理研究项目(GLYJ2024-01)
作者信息
    1.四川省0~3岁婴幼儿托育标准化建设与培训指导中心/四川大学华西第二医院/出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室,四川 成都 610066
    2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院卫生政策与管理学系

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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