Article(id=1322608284348040004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505384, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747929600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793263987861, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1762704000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793263987861, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793263987861, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793263987861, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322608013010120712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='21', pageStart='3841', pageEnd='4032', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1762704000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793263923169, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793264266929, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322609454932149086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322609454932149087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3941, endPage=3946, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322608285098820423, articleId=1322608284348040004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Disease burden analysis of children with pressure ulcers in China and globally from 1990 to 2021, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To compare the characteristics and trends of disease burden of pressure ulcers in children in China and globally from 1990 to 2021.

Methods

Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD 2021) were retrieved, and the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of pressure ulcers in children aged 0-14 years in China and globally from 1990 to 2021 were analysed. Age-standardized rate (ASR) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were calculated to assess temporal trends, and the joinpoint regression model was employed to identify any turning points.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, in China, the age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates of pressure ulcers among children aged 0-14 years both declined, with estimated EAPCs of -1.92% and -1.97%, respectively, ranking second worldwide in speed of decline. The age-standardized DALY rate remained relatively stable. The age-standardized incidence, prevalence, and DALYs rates of pressure ulcers in children globally all showed a downward trend, with estimated annual percentage changes of -0.44%,-0.46%, and -2.41%, respectively. In China, the incidence, prevalence and DALYs rate of pressure ulcers in children aged 0-14 years increased with age. Globally, the incidence and prevalence rates of pressure ulcers in children aged 0-14 years increased with age, and the rate of DALYs was higher in children aged 5-9 years. The age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates were higher in high SDI regions. The age-standardized DALYs rate was higher in low and low-middle SDI regions.

Conclusion

From 1990 to 2021, the burden of pressure ulcers in children aged 0-14 years globally and in China was gradually decreasing. Targeted prevention and intervention strategies are needed for children of different ages and in areas of different economic levels. Children with chronic or critical illnesses that require long-term bed rest should be paid paticular attention.

, authors=Jing-wen HE1, 2, Ping FENG1, Li-ke ZHANG1, Chen-yue QIU1, 2, Ning SUN1, Ming-lu GAO1, 2, Zi-hang MIAO1, 2, Guo-sheng WU1, authorsList=Jing-wen HE, Ping FENG, Li-ke ZHANG, Chen-yue QIU, Ning SUN, Ming-lu GAO, Zi-hang MIAO, Guo-sheng WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guo-sheng WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322608288823362386, articleId=1322608284348040004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=1990—2021年中国与全球儿童压疮的疾病负担分析, columnId=1228016570031604578, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=儿少卫生与妇幼保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

对比分析1990—2021年中国与全球儿童压疮疾病负担及其发展趋势。

方法

搜集2021年全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease,GBD)的数据,分析1990—2021年中国与全球0~14岁儿童压疮患者的发病、患病和伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life years,DALYs)情况。利用年龄标准化率和估计年变化百分比评估儿童压疮的时间趋势,并采用joinpoint回归模型识别其时间趋势变化的转折点。

结果

1990—2021年,中国0~14岁儿童压疮的年龄标准化发病率和患病率均呈下降趋势,下降速度均位居世界第二,估计年变化百分比分别为-1.92%和-1.97%;年龄标准化DALYs率保持相对稳定。全球0~14岁儿童压疮年龄标准化发病率、患病率和DALYs率均呈下降趋势,估计年变化百分比分别为-0.44%、-0.46%、-2.41%。中国儿童压疮发病率、患病率和DALYs率均随年龄增长而升高;全球儿童压疮发病率和患病率随年龄增长而升高,DALYs率5~9岁儿童患者最高。高社会人口指数(social demographic index,SDI)地区年龄标准化发病率和患病率较高;低和低中SDI地区的年龄标化DALYs率较高。

结论

中国和全球0~14岁儿童压疮的疾病负担正在逐步减轻。不同年龄阶段的儿童和不同经济水平的地区需采取针对性的预防和干预策略。对于患有慢性或危重疾病等需要长期卧床的儿童应重点关注。

, authors=何靖文1, 2, 冯苹1, 张礼科1, 邱晨月1, 2, 孙宁1, 高铭璐1, 2, 缪梓航1, 2, 伍国胜1, authorsList=何靖文, 冯苹, 张礼科, 邱晨月, 孙宁, 高铭璐, 缪梓航, 伍国胜, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=伍国胜, authorNote=

何靖文(2003—),女,本科,无职称,研究方向:烧创伤、压力性损伤

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伍国胜,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=lIBC0JnB4rk9g0zvt9jE1A==, magXml=dDT92HLG0s8LevytwCobbQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=oe0gyRWAVl7GBokxELmmFQ==, pdfFileSize=930393, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=+WwKF8fq07UjIn0hme/vMg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=8gISj7DRi8Mf4IK5ZG7QAg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322608290442363741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322608290547221344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, authorId=1322608290442363741, language=EN, stringName=Jing-wen HE, firstName=Jing-wen, middleName=null, lastName=HE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322608290937291617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, authorId=1322608290442363741, language=CN, stringName=何靖文, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.海军军医大学第一附属医院烧伤科,上海 200433
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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Burden of noncommunicable diseases among children and adolescents in China and its provinces from 1990 to 2021, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322608306514936769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=32, pageStart=181, pageEnd=183, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=11, authorNames=张亚丽, journalName=母婴世界, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张亚丽. 社区儿童保健护理中实施健康教育和健康宣教对提高护理效果的探讨 [J]. 母婴世界, 2023, (32): 181-183., articleTitle=社区儿童保健护理中实施健康教育和健康宣教对提高护理效果的探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322608306812732354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=32, pageStart=181, pageEnd=183, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Zhang YL, journalName=New Mom and New Born, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang YL. A discussion on the role of health education and health promotion in improving nursing outcomes in community-based child health care [J]. New Mom and New Born, 2023, (32): 181-183. 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Research progress on prevention and management of pressure ulcers in children [J]. Journal of Nursing, 2017, 24 (17): 35-38. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Research progress on prevention and management of pressure ulcers in children, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322608307018253255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=27, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Kaushik A, Barcellona C, Mandyam NK, journalName=Journal of Medical Internet Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kaushik A, Barcellona C, Mandyam NK, et al. Challenges and opportunities for data sharing related to artificial intelligence tools in health care in Low- and Middle-Income countries:systematic review and case study from Thailand [J]. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2025, 27: e58338., articleTitle=Challenges and opportunities for data sharing related to artificial intelligence tools in health care in Low- and Middle-Income countries:systematic review and case study from Thailand, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322608307240551368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Bartlett ES, Lim A, Kivlehan S, journalName=Journal of Global Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bartlett ES, Lim A, Kivlehan S, et al. Critical care delivery across health care systems in low-income and low-middle-income country settings: A systematic review [J]. Journal of Global Health, 2023, 13: 04141., articleTitle=Critical care delivery across health care systems in low-income and low-middle-income country settings: A systematic review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322608307324437449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=11, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Zhang XH, Zhu N, Li ZH, journalName=Scientific Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang XH, Zhu N, Li ZH, et al. The global burden of decubitus ulcers from 1990 to 2019 [J]. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11 (1): 21750., articleTitle=The global burden of decubitus ulcers from 1990 to 2019, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322608307399934922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=43, issue=2, pageStart=285, pageEnd=286, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=18, authorNames=王玉龙, journalName=皮肤病与性病, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王玉龙. 小儿手术患者发生压疮的危险因素及护理对策分析 [J]. 皮肤病与性病, 2021, 43 (2): 285-286., articleTitle=小儿手术患者发生压疮的危险因素及护理对策分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322608307647398859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=43, issue=2, pageStart=285, pageEnd=286, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Wang YL, journalName=Journal of Dermatology and Venereology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang YL. Risk factors and nursing countermeasures for pressure ulcers in pediatric surgical patients [J]. Journal of Dermatology and Venereology, 2021, 43 (2): 285-286. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Risk factors and nursing countermeasures for pressure ulcers in pediatric surgical patients, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322608302278689711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, awardId=2023ZZ02013, language=CN, fundingSource=上海市重中之重研究中心建设项目(2023ZZ02013), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322608302354187184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, awardId=2023PY25, language=CN, fundingSource=海军军医大学第一附属医院基础医学研究专项(2023PY25), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322608302672954290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, awardId=2023, language=CN, fundingSource=海军军医大学“启航”人才计划(2023), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322608289666417493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608289674806102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, companyId=1322608289666417493, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608289695777623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, companyId=1322608289666417493, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.海军军医大学第一附属医院烧伤科,上海 200433)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322608290081653594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608290123596635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, companyId=1322608290081653594, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.海军军医大学基础医学院,上海 200433)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322608298956800925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Joinpoint regression trends in the burden of pressure ulcers among children worldwide and in China from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=PcXUcUOnsFVGvFOFTxfSLw==, figureFileBig=+WwKF8fq07UjIn0hme/vMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608299023909790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, language=CN, label=图1, caption=1990—2021年全球和中国儿童压疮疾病负担的joinpoint回归趋势

注:A为全球年龄标准化发病率;B为全球年龄标准化患病率;C为全球年龄标准化DALYs率;D为中国年龄标准化发病率;E为中国年龄标准化患病率;F为中国年龄标准化DALYs率;*表示年度百分比变化(APC)与0的差异在α=0.05的水准上有统计学意义。

, figureFileSmall=PcXUcUOnsFVGvFOFTxfSLw==, figureFileBig=+WwKF8fq07UjIn0hme/vMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608299451728800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Temporal trend of burden of pressure ulcers among children of different ages globally and in China from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=uESotUpobsWl37WxgERopQ==, figureFileBig=8MKcOwHGuCeS6af5AZ0rXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608299510449057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, language=CN, label=图2, caption=1990—2021年全球和中国各年龄段的儿童压疮疾病负担的时间变化趋势

注:A为全球发病数和年龄标准化发病率;B为全球患病数和年龄标准化患病率;C为全球DALYs和年龄标准化DALYs率;D为中国发病数和年龄标准化发病率;E为中国患病数和年龄标准化患病率;F为中国DALYs和年龄标准化DALYs率。

, figureFileSmall=uESotUpobsWl37WxgERopQ==, figureFileBig=8MKcOwHGuCeS6af5AZ0rXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608299728552866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Temporal trends of burden of pressure ulcers in children by SDI reigions from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=WqrKuTIqYNtPhL1LDnHOJQ==, figureFileBig=sfecK9nBuLWcqOP/gXHbow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608299787273123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, language=CN, label=图3, caption=1990—2021年各SDI地区儿童压疮疾病负担的时间变化趋势

注:A为年龄标准化发病率;B为年龄标准化患病率;C为年龄标准化DALYs率。

, figureFileSmall=WqrKuTIqYNtPhL1LDnHOJQ==, figureFileBig=sfecK9nBuLWcqOP/gXHbow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608300101845924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Number of incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs for pressure ulcers in children globally and in China in 1990 and 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量发病数(95% UI)患病数(95% UI)DALYs(人年,95% UI)
1990年2021年变化率
(%)
1990年2021年变化率
(%)
1990年2021年变化率
(%)
全球
总人群38 772
(27 172 ~ 55 064)
40 704
(27 813 ~ 58 311)
4.9810 287
(7 136 ~ 14 506)
10 740
(7 401 ~ 15 387)
4.4018 338
(10 630 ~ 26 187)
11 031
(6 243 ~ 14 535)
-39.85
男21 634
(15 090 ~ 30 710)
22 786
(15 288 ~ 32 684)
5.325 694
(3 982 ~ 8 032)
5 970
(4 059 ~ 8 518)
4.8612 354
(6 718 ~ 19 901)
7 048
(3 042 ~ 9 866)
-42.95
女17 138
(11 954 ~ 24 096)
17 918
(12 403 ~ 25 722)
4.554 594
(3 167 ~ 6 500)
4 770
(3 293 ~ 6 900)
3.855 984
(3 036 ~ 10 080)
3 983
(2 253 ~ 5 632)
-33.44
中国
总人群8 349
(5 742 ~ 11 952)
4 645
(3 092 ~ 6 906)
-44.372 225
(1 532 ~ 3 156)
1 225
(813 ~ 1 826)
-44.94468
(274 ~ 723)
382
(228 ~ 552)
-18.51
男4 359
(3 028 ~ 6 179)
2 246
(1 460 ~ 3 378)
-48.471 160
(797 ~ 1 644)
593
(382 ~ 885)
-48.92254
(147 ~ 436)
212
(107 ~ 318)
-16.68
女3 390
(2 763 ~ 5 722)
2 399
(1 613 ~ 3 487)
-39.881 065
(730 ~ 1 511)
632
(422 ~ 934)
-40.61214
(126 ~ 332)
170
(97 ~ 259)
-20.69
), ArticleFig(id=1322608300181537701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1990和2021年全球和中国儿童压疮发病数、患病数和DALYs情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量发病数(95% UI)患病数(95% UI)DALYs(人年,95% UI)
1990年2021年变化率
(%)
1990年2021年变化率
(%)
1990年2021年变化率
(%)
全球
总人群38 772
(27 172 ~ 55 064)
40 704
(27 813 ~ 58 311)
4.9810 287
(7 136 ~ 14 506)
10 740
(7 401 ~ 15 387)
4.4018 338
(10 630 ~ 26 187)
11 031
(6 243 ~ 14 535)
-39.85
男21 634
(15 090 ~ 30 710)
22 786
(15 288 ~ 32 684)
5.325 694
(3 982 ~ 8 032)
5 970
(4 059 ~ 8 518)
4.8612 354
(6 718 ~ 19 901)
7 048
(3 042 ~ 9 866)
-42.95
女17 138
(11 954 ~ 24 096)
17 918
(12 403 ~ 25 722)
4.554 594
(3 167 ~ 6 500)
4 770
(3 293 ~ 6 900)
3.855 984
(3 036 ~ 10 080)
3 983
(2 253 ~ 5 632)
-33.44
中国
总人群8 349
(5 742 ~ 11 952)
4 645
(3 092 ~ 6 906)
-44.372 225
(1 532 ~ 3 156)
1 225
(813 ~ 1 826)
-44.94468
(274 ~ 723)
382
(228 ~ 552)
-18.51
男4 359
(3 028 ~ 6 179)
2 246
(1 460 ~ 3 378)
-48.471 160
(797 ~ 1 644)
593
(382 ~ 885)
-48.92254
(147 ~ 436)
212
(107 ~ 318)
-16.68
女3 390
(2 763 ~ 5 722)
2 399
(1 613 ~ 3 487)
-39.881 065
(730 ~ 1 511)
632
(422 ~ 934)
-40.61214
(126 ~ 332)
170
(97 ~ 259)
-20.69
), ArticleFig(id=1322608301863453606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Age-standardized incidence, prevalence and DALYs rates of pressure ulcers in children globally and in China in 1990 and 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量年龄标准化发病率(/10万,95% UI)年龄标准化患病率(/10万,95% UI)年龄标准化DALYs率(/10万,95% UI)
1990年2021年EAPC
(%,95% CI)
1990年2021年EAPC
(%,95% CI)
1990年2021年EAPC
(%,95% CI)
全球
总人群2.25
(2.22 ~ 2.27)
1.96
(1.94 ~ 1.99)
-0.44
(-0.51 ~ -0.36)
0.60
(0.57 ~ 0.62)
0.52
(0.49 ~ 0.54)
-0.46
(-0.54 ~ -0.39)
1.06
(1.03 ~ 1.08)
0.54
(0.52 ~ 0.57)
-2.41
(-2.75 ~ -2.14)
男2.45
(2.41 ~ 2.48)
2.13
(2.10 ~ 2.16)
-0.42
(-0.5 ~ -0.34)
0.64
(0.61 ~ 0.68)
0.56
(0.52 ~ 0.59)
-0.44
(-0.52 ~ -0.36)
1.39
(1.35 ~ 1.42)
0.68
(0.64 ~ 0.71)
-2.49
(-2.84 ~ -2.21)
女2.04
(2.00 ~ 2.08)
1.79
(1.75 ~ 1.82)
-0.46
(-0.53 ~ -0.39)
0.55
(0.51 ~ 0.58)
0.48
(0.44 ~ 0.51)
-0.50
(-0.58 ~ -0.42)
0.71
(0.67 ~ 0.75)
0.40
(0.36 ~ 0.43)
-2.27
(-2.61 ~ -1.98)
中国
总人群2.61
(2.55 ~ 2.67)
1.71
(1.65 ~ 1.78)
-1.92
(-2.25 ~ -1.64)
0.70
(0.64 ~ 0.76)
0.45
(0.39 ~ 0.52)
-1.97
(-2.31 ~ -1.68)
0.15
(0.09 ~ 0.21)
0.14
(0.07 ~ 0.21)
-0.26*
(-0.96 ~ 0.43)
男2.62
(2.53 ~ 2.71)
1.56
(1.47 ~ 1.65)
-2.36
(-2.78 ~ -2.00)
0.70
(0.62 ~ 0.78)
0.41
(0.32 ~ 0.50)
-2.40
(-2.83 ~ -2.03)
0.15
(0.07 ~ 0.24)
0.15
(0.05 ~ 0.24)
-0.3*
(-1.15 ~ 0.54)
女2.60
(2.51 ~ 2.68)
1.89
(1.79 ~ 1.99)
-1.46
(-1.68 ~ -1.26)
0.69
(0.61 ~ 0.78)
0.50
(0.40 ~ 0.60)
-1.51
(-1.74 ~ -1.31)
0.14
(0.05 ~ 0.23)
0.13
(0.04 ~ 0.23)
-0.22*
(-0.72 ~ 0.28)
), ArticleFig(id=1322608301959922599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

1990和2021年全球和中国儿童压疮年龄标准化发病率、患病率和DALYs率情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量年龄标准化发病率(/10万,95% UI)年龄标准化患病率(/10万,95% UI)年龄标准化DALYs率(/10万,95% UI)
1990年2021年EAPC
(%,95% CI)
1990年2021年EAPC
(%,95% CI)
1990年2021年EAPC
(%,95% CI)
全球
总人群2.25
(2.22 ~ 2.27)
1.96
(1.94 ~ 1.99)
-0.44
(-0.51 ~ -0.36)
0.60
(0.57 ~ 0.62)
0.52
(0.49 ~ 0.54)
-0.46
(-0.54 ~ -0.39)
1.06
(1.03 ~ 1.08)
0.54
(0.52 ~ 0.57)
-2.41
(-2.75 ~ -2.14)
男2.45
(2.41 ~ 2.48)
2.13
(2.10 ~ 2.16)
-0.42
(-0.5 ~ -0.34)
0.64
(0.61 ~ 0.68)
0.56
(0.52 ~ 0.59)
-0.44
(-0.52 ~ -0.36)
1.39
(1.35 ~ 1.42)
0.68
(0.64 ~ 0.71)
-2.49
(-2.84 ~ -2.21)
女2.04
(2.00 ~ 2.08)
1.79
(1.75 ~ 1.82)
-0.46
(-0.53 ~ -0.39)
0.55
(0.51 ~ 0.58)
0.48
(0.44 ~ 0.51)
-0.50
(-0.58 ~ -0.42)
0.71
(0.67 ~ 0.75)
0.40
(0.36 ~ 0.43)
-2.27
(-2.61 ~ -1.98)
中国
总人群2.61
(2.55 ~ 2.67)
1.71
(1.65 ~ 1.78)
-1.92
(-2.25 ~ -1.64)
0.70
(0.64 ~ 0.76)
0.45
(0.39 ~ 0.52)
-1.97
(-2.31 ~ -1.68)
0.15
(0.09 ~ 0.21)
0.14
(0.07 ~ 0.21)
-0.26*
(-0.96 ~ 0.43)
男2.62
(2.53 ~ 2.71)
1.56
(1.47 ~ 1.65)
-2.36
(-2.78 ~ -2.00)
0.70
(0.62 ~ 0.78)
0.41
(0.32 ~ 0.50)
-2.40
(-2.83 ~ -2.03)
0.15
(0.07 ~ 0.24)
0.15
(0.05 ~ 0.24)
-0.3*
(-1.15 ~ 0.54)
女2.60
(2.51 ~ 2.68)
1.89
(1.79 ~ 1.99)
-1.46
(-1.68 ~ -1.26)
0.69
(0.61 ~ 0.78)
0.50
(0.40 ~ 0.60)
-1.51
(-1.74 ~ -1.31)
0.14
(0.05 ~ 0.23)
0.13
(0.04 ~ 0.23)
-0.22*
(-0.72 ~ 0.28)
), ArticleFig(id=1322608302068974508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Age-standardized incidence, prevalence and DALYs rates of pressure ulcers in children by SDI regions in 1990 and 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SDI地区年龄标准化发病率(/10万,95% UI)年龄标准化患病率(/10万,95% UI)年龄标准化DALYs率(/10万,95% UI)
1990年2021年EAPC
(%,95% CI)
1990年2021年EAPC
(%,95% CI)
1990年2021年EAPC
(%,95% CI)
高4.11
(4.03 ~ 4.19)
4.21
(4.12 ~ 4.29)
0.32
(0.19 ~ 0.46)
1.09
(1.01 ~ 1.17)
1.11
(1.03 ~ 1.20)
0.32
(0.19 ~ 0.46)
0.46
(0.38 ~ 0.54)
0.29
(0.21 ~ 0.37)
-1.44
(-1.55 ~ -1.35)
高中2.38
(2.32 ~ 2.45)
1.80
(1.73 ~ 1.87)
-1.18
(-1.31 ~ -1.05)
0.64
(0.57 ~ 0.70)
0.48
(0.41 ~ 0.55)
-1.21
(-1.35 ~ -1.08)
0.21
(0.15 ~ 0.28)
0.19
(0.12 ~ 0.26)
-0.43
(-0.65 ~ -0.20)
中2.60
(2.56 ~ 2.65)
2.43
(2.38 ~ 2.47)
-0.37
(-0.52 ~ -0.22)
0.69
(0.65 ~ 0.74)
0.64
(0.60 ~ 0.69)
-0.39
(-0.55 ~ -0.23)
0.80
(0.76 ~ 0.85)
0.38
(0.33 ~ 0.42)
-2.74
(-3.00 ~ -2.57)
低中1.58
(1.53 ~ 1.63)
1.73
(1.68 ~ 1.77)
0.54
(0.39 ~ 0.70)
0.42
(0.37 ~ 0.47)
0.45
(0.41 ~ 0.50)
0.52
(0.36 ~ 0.67)
1.72
(1.67 ~ 1.77)
0.71
(0.66 ~ 0.75)
-3.27
(-3.86 ~ -2.78)
低0.90
(0.83 ~ 0.97)
0.87
(0.82 ~ 0.92)
0.05
(-0.07 ~ 0.16)
0.23
(0.16 ~ 0.30)
0.23
(0.18 ~ 0.28)
0.05
(-0.07 ~ 0.17)
1.76
(1.68 ~ 1.83)
0.79
(0.74 ~ 0.84)
-2.86
(-3.23 ~ -2.56)
), ArticleFig(id=1322608302148666286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608284348040004, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

1990和2021年全球各SDI地区儿童压疮年龄标准化发病率、患病率和DALYs率情况

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SDI地区年龄标准化发病率(/10万,95% UI)年龄标准化患病率(/10万,95% UI)年龄标准化DALYs率(/10万,95% UI)
1990年2021年EAPC
(%,95% CI)
1990年2021年EAPC
(%,95% CI)
1990年2021年EAPC
(%,95% CI)
高4.11
(4.03 ~ 4.19)
4.21
(4.12 ~ 4.29)
0.32
(0.19 ~ 0.46)
1.09
(1.01 ~ 1.17)
1.11
(1.03 ~ 1.20)
0.32
(0.19 ~ 0.46)
0.46
(0.38 ~ 0.54)
0.29
(0.21 ~ 0.37)
-1.44
(-1.55 ~ -1.35)
高中2.38
(2.32 ~ 2.45)
1.80
(1.73 ~ 1.87)
-1.18
(-1.31 ~ -1.05)
0.64
(0.57 ~ 0.70)
0.48
(0.41 ~ 0.55)
-1.21
(-1.35 ~ -1.08)
0.21
(0.15 ~ 0.28)
0.19
(0.12 ~ 0.26)
-0.43
(-0.65 ~ -0.20)
中2.60
(2.56 ~ 2.65)
2.43
(2.38 ~ 2.47)
-0.37
(-0.52 ~ -0.22)
0.69
(0.65 ~ 0.74)
0.64
(0.60 ~ 0.69)
-0.39
(-0.55 ~ -0.23)
0.80
(0.76 ~ 0.85)
0.38
(0.33 ~ 0.42)
-2.74
(-3.00 ~ -2.57)
低中1.58
(1.53 ~ 1.63)
1.73
(1.68 ~ 1.77)
0.54
(0.39 ~ 0.70)
0.42
(0.37 ~ 0.47)
0.45
(0.41 ~ 0.50)
0.52
(0.36 ~ 0.67)
1.72
(1.67 ~ 1.77)
0.71
(0.66 ~ 0.75)
-3.27
(-3.86 ~ -2.78)
低0.90
(0.83 ~ 0.97)
0.87
(0.82 ~ 0.92)
0.05
(-0.07 ~ 0.16)
0.23
(0.16 ~ 0.30)
0.23
(0.18 ~ 0.28)
0.05
(-0.07 ~ 0.17)
1.76
(1.68 ~ 1.83)
0.79
(0.74 ~ 0.84)
-2.86
(-3.23 ~ -2.56)
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1990—2021年中国与全球儿童压疮的疾病负担分析
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何靖文 1, 2 , 冯苹 1 , 张礼科 1 , 邱晨月 1, 2 , 孙宁 1 , 高铭璐 1, 2 , 缪梓航 1, 2 , 伍国胜 1
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025,52(21): 3941-3946
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现代预防医学 |儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025 , 52 (21) : 3941 -3946
1990—2021年中国与全球儿童压疮的疾病负担分析
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何靖文(2003—),女,本科,无职称,研究方向:烧创伤、压力性损伤

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何靖文1, 2, 冯苹1, 张礼科1, 邱晨月1, 2, 孙宁1, 高铭璐1, 2, 缪梓航1, 2, 伍国胜1
作者信息
  • 1.海军军医大学第一附属医院烧伤科,上海 200433
  • 2.海军军医大学基础医学院,上海 200433
通讯作者:
伍国胜,E-mail:
作者简介:

何靖文(2003—),女,本科,无职称,研究方向:烧创伤、压力性损伤

Disease burden analysis of children with pressure ulcers in China and globally from 1990 to 2021
Jing-wen HE1, 2, Ping FENG1, Li-ke ZHANG1, Chen-yue QIU1, 2, Ning SUN1, Ming-lu GAO1, 2, Zi-hang MIAO1, 2, Guo-sheng WU1
Affiliations
  • Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
出版时间: 2025-11-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505384
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目的

对比分析1990—2021年中国与全球儿童压疮疾病负担及其发展趋势。

方法

搜集2021年全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease,GBD)的数据,分析1990—2021年中国与全球0~14岁儿童压疮患者的发病、患病和伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life years,DALYs)情况。利用年龄标准化率和估计年变化百分比评估儿童压疮的时间趋势,并采用joinpoint回归模型识别其时间趋势变化的转折点。

结果

1990—2021年,中国0~14岁儿童压疮的年龄标准化发病率和患病率均呈下降趋势,下降速度均位居世界第二,估计年变化百分比分别为-1.92%和-1.97%;年龄标准化DALYs率保持相对稳定。全球0~14岁儿童压疮年龄标准化发病率、患病率和DALYs率均呈下降趋势,估计年变化百分比分别为-0.44%、-0.46%、-2.41%。中国儿童压疮发病率、患病率和DALYs率均随年龄增长而升高;全球儿童压疮发病率和患病率随年龄增长而升高,DALYs率5~9岁儿童患者最高。高社会人口指数(social demographic index,SDI)地区年龄标准化发病率和患病率较高;低和低中SDI地区的年龄标化DALYs率较高。

结论

中国和全球0~14岁儿童压疮的疾病负担正在逐步减轻。不同年龄阶段的儿童和不同经济水平的地区需采取针对性的预防和干预策略。对于患有慢性或危重疾病等需要长期卧床的儿童应重点关注。

压力性损伤  /  儿童  /  全球疾病负担  /  流行病学研究
Objective

To compare the characteristics and trends of disease burden of pressure ulcers in children in China and globally from 1990 to 2021.

Methods

Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD 2021) were retrieved, and the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of pressure ulcers in children aged 0-14 years in China and globally from 1990 to 2021 were analysed. Age-standardized rate (ASR) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were calculated to assess temporal trends, and the joinpoint regression model was employed to identify any turning points.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, in China, the age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates of pressure ulcers among children aged 0-14 years both declined, with estimated EAPCs of -1.92% and -1.97%, respectively, ranking second worldwide in speed of decline. The age-standardized DALY rate remained relatively stable. The age-standardized incidence, prevalence, and DALYs rates of pressure ulcers in children globally all showed a downward trend, with estimated annual percentage changes of -0.44%,-0.46%, and -2.41%, respectively. In China, the incidence, prevalence and DALYs rate of pressure ulcers in children aged 0-14 years increased with age. Globally, the incidence and prevalence rates of pressure ulcers in children aged 0-14 years increased with age, and the rate of DALYs was higher in children aged 5-9 years. The age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates were higher in high SDI regions. The age-standardized DALYs rate was higher in low and low-middle SDI regions.

Conclusion

From 1990 to 2021, the burden of pressure ulcers in children aged 0-14 years globally and in China was gradually decreasing. Targeted prevention and intervention strategies are needed for children of different ages and in areas of different economic levels. Children with chronic or critical illnesses that require long-term bed rest should be paid paticular attention.

Pressure ulcer  /  Children  /  Global disease burden  /  Epidemiological studies
何靖文, 冯苹, 张礼科, 邱晨月, 孙宁, 高铭璐, 缪梓航, 伍国胜. 1990—2021年中国与全球儿童压疮的疾病负担分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (21) : 3941 -3946 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505384
Jing-wen HE, Ping FENG, Li-ke ZHANG, Chen-yue QIU, Ning SUN, Ming-lu GAO, Zi-hang MIAO, Guo-sheng WU. Disease burden analysis of children with pressure ulcers in China and globally from 1990 to 2021[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (21) : 3941 -3946 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505384
根据美国压力性损伤咨询委员会对压疮的定义,压疮为压力或压力与剪切力相结合导致的皮肤和/或下层组织的局部损伤[1]。尽管压疮病例主要集中在老年人群,但它对儿童人群产生的影响不容忽视。儿童患者,尤其是新生儿和婴儿,由于特殊的皮肤结构和生理特点,更容易形成压疮[2]。据报道,新生儿和儿科重症监护室压疮的发病率高达25%,脊柱裂患儿压疮的发病率高达40%[3]。此外,医疗器械是造成儿童压疮的主要原因,尤其是呼吸设备[4]。据报道,约38.5%~90%的儿童压疮由医疗器械造成,且越年幼的患者越易受到医疗器械的损害[2]。压疮不仅会增加儿童的痛苦,影响儿童的生活质量,带来高昂的医疗费用,还会使儿童在患病期间的死亡风险显著增加[4],给患儿及其家人乃至整个医疗保健系统和社会都带来了巨大负担。
目前儿童压疮的流行病学研究主要局限在特定的国家和某些区域,缺乏在全球层面报告儿童压疮的流行病学特征,且儿童压疮的许多管理策略是根据成人文献改编的和/或根据专家意见提出的[2]。对此,本研究基于最新全球疾病负担数据,对中国与全球儿童压疮疾病负担及其变化趋势进行了对比分析,以期对儿童压疮防治政策和管理策略的制定提供参考。
本研究的数据来源于2021年全球疾病负担研究(Global Burden of Disease 2021,GBD 2021)。GBD 2021涵盖了1990—2021年204个国家和地区以及811个次国家级地区的371种疾病和伤害的全球负担,可通过健康指标和评估研究网站(http://ghdx.healthdata.org/)上的GBD结果工具访问[5]。社会人口指数(social demographic index, SDI)是一个综合指标,代表三个参数的几何平均值:滞后分布的人均收入、平均受教育年限和特定地点25岁以下女性的生育率[5],其数值从0到1不等。SDI分为五类:高、高中、中、低中和低[6]。
根据《国际疾病与相关健康问题统计分类(第十次修订本)》(International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems ,ICD-10),压疮的编码为L89。
从GBD 2021中提取0~14岁儿童的相关数据:(1)1990—2021年全球、204个国家和不同SDI地区0~14岁儿童压疮的年龄和性别特异性相关数据;(2)2021年世界标准人口比例[7]。
数据分析与可视化采用R软件(版本4.4.1)、Joinpoint软件(版本5.2.0)和Origin 2021软件进行。计算相对变化比[相对变化比=(2021年指标数值-1990年指标数值)/1990年指标数值×100%]以评估儿童压疮患者发病数、患病数和伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life years,DALYs)的变化幅度。按照2021年世界标准人口比例,对人口粗发病率、粗患病率和粗DALYs率进行年龄标准化,并计算各指标相应的估计年变化百分比(estimated annual percentage change,EAPC)及其95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)以指示各项指标年龄标准化率(age-standardized rate,ASR)的时间趋势。若EAPC及其95% CI的下限均大于0,提示ASR呈上升趋势;若EAPC及其95% CI的上限均小于0,提示ASR呈下降趋势;否则可认为ASR保持相对稳定[8]。应用Joinpoint软件进行连接点回归分析,使用对数线性回归模型计算各项指标ASR的年度百分比变化(annual percent change, APC),以确定1990—2021年各项指标ASR变化的转折点。双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
1990—2021年,全球儿童压疮发病数从3.88万增加到4.07万,变化率为4.98%;年龄标准化发病率从2.25/10万下降到1.96/10万,总体呈下降趋势(EAPC=-0.44%),其中2010—2018年下降得最快(APC=-1.22%),见表1、2,图1A。中国儿童压疮发病数从0.83万减少到0.46万,变化率为-44.37%,2021年发病数约占全球总发病数的11.41%;年龄标准化发病率从2.61/10万下降到1.71/10万,于1990—2007年高于全球水平、2008—2021年低于全球水平,总体呈下降趋势,下降速度(EAPC=-1.92%)较全球水平更快(位居世界第二),其中2006—2009年显著下降(APC=-10.12%)。见表1、2,图1D。
1990—2021年,全球儿童压疮患病数从1.03万增加到1.07万,变化率为4.40%;年龄标准化患病率从0.60/10万下降到0.52/10万,总体呈下降趋势(EAPC=-0.46%),其中2010—2018年下降得最快(APC=-1.24%),见表1、2,图1B。中国儿童压疮患病数从0.22万减少到0.12万,变化率为-44.94%,2021年患病数约占全球总患病数的11.41%;年龄标准化患病率从0.70/10万下降到0.45/10万,于1990—2007年高于全球水平、2008—2021年低于全球水平,总体呈下降趋势,下降速度(EAPC=-1.97%)较全球水平更快(位居世界第二),其中2006—2009年显著下降(APC=-10.37%),见表1、2,图1E。
1990—2021年,全球儿童压疮DALYs从1.83万减少到1.10万,变化率为-39.85%;年龄标准化DALYs率从1.06/10万下降到0.54/10万,总体呈下降趋势(EAPC=-2.41%),其中2001—2004年下降得最快(APC=-6.34%),见表1、2,图1C。中国儿童压疮DALYs从468减少到382,变化率为-18.51%,2021年DALYs约占全球总DALYs的3.46%;年龄标准化DALYs率从0.15/10万下降到0.14/10万,各年年龄标准化DALYs率均低于同期全球水平,总体保持相对稳定(EAPC=P>0.05),其中1993—2003年显著上升(APC =5.03%),2003—2011年(APC=-1.66%)以及2011—2016年(APC=-7.69%)显著下降。见表1、2,图1F。
1990—2021年,全球和中国儿童压疮年龄标准化发病率、患病率和DALYs率男女之间总体上差异不大。除中国儿童压疮年龄标准化DALYs率男女均保持相对稳定外,其余全球和中国的各项标化率男女均呈下降趋势。在此期间,全球儿童压疮年龄标准化发病率、患病率和DALYs率男性均高于女性。中国儿童压疮年龄标准化发病率和患病率在2007年之前男性略高于女性,2007年之后女性略高于男性,男性的下降速度均高于女性;年龄标准化DALYs率男性始终略高于女性。见表2。
将0~14岁的儿童分为0~4岁、5~9岁、10~14岁三个年龄组,发现全球和中国儿童压疮发病数、患病数和年龄标准化发病率、患病率均随着年龄的增长而增加,最高的始终是10~14岁年龄组。在DALYs和年龄标准化DALYs率上,中国儿童压疮DALYs和年龄标准化DALYs率仍符合上述规律,10~14岁年龄组始终最高。但全球儿童压疮DALYs和年龄标准化DALYs率最高的是5~9岁年龄组,其次才是10~14岁年龄组。见图2。
1990—2021年,除高中和中SDI地区,其余地区的年龄标准化发病率总体均呈上升趋势,低中SDI地区的年龄标准化发病率增长得最快(EAPC=0.54%),高中SDI地区下降得最快(EAPC=-1.18%);高SDI地区的年龄标准化发病率始终处于较高水平,于1990—2000年逐渐降低,2000—2021年逐渐升高。见表3和图3A。
1990—2021年,除高中和中SDI地区,其余地区的年龄标准化患病率总体均呈上升趋势,低中SDI地区的年龄标准化患病率增长得最快(EAPC=0.52%),高中SDI地区下降得最快(EAPC=-1.21%);高SDI地区的年龄标准化患病率始终处于较高水平,于1990—2000年逐渐降低,2000—2021年逐渐升高。见表3和图3B。
1990—2021年,所有SDI地区的年龄标准化DALYs率总体均呈下降趋势,低中SDI地区下降得最快(EAPC=-3.27%);低SDI和低中SDI地区的年龄标准化DALYs率始终处于较高水平。见表3和图3C。
本研究揭示了近30年中国和全球压疮疾病负担及其变化趋势。研究显示,1990—2021年,全球儿童压疮年龄标准化发病率、患病率和年龄标准化DALYs率均呈下降趋势,这可能归因于各地相关预防政策的正确实施和医疗技术与护理方法的提升[2]。中国儿童压疮年龄标准化发病率和患病率在经历2006—2009年的快速下降后,均低于全球水平,且总体下降速率均位于世界第二;中国年龄标准化DALYs率始终低于全球水平。这说明中国儿童压疮负担的控制富有成效。这可能归因于中国儿科医疗服务体系建设的加强、护理服务模式的优化、健康教育和健康宣教的普及和1990—2021年中国儿童肿瘤、心血管疾病、神经系统疾病等慢性病的疾病负担的降低等有关[9-10]。但是,中国儿童压疮的绝对发病数和患病数均超过世界总发病数和患病数的十分之一。因此,因人口基数大造成的压疮负担问题仍不可轻视。
儿童压疮负担在不同年龄组之间存在差异。中国儿童压疮发病率、患病率和DALYs率均随着年龄的增长而增加,这可能与无效的体位摆放和活动限制有关[11]。不同年龄组儿童的生理解剖、发育程度、行为和心理各有特点,年龄越大的儿童体重越接近成人,对皮肤的产生压力可能更大;此外,处于青春期的儿童心理因素愈发突出,可能因为身体形象和活动受限带来的心理压力而忽视压疮的预防和护理。因此对于10~14岁的压疮患者,不仅要构建专业体位护理模式,可能还需加强对其心理状况的关注,增强患者对压疮预防与治疗的主动性。全球儿童压疮发病率、患病率最高是10~14岁年龄组,而DALYs率最高的却为5~9岁年龄组。这说明全球不同年龄组儿童所面临的压疮风险不同,10~14岁儿童主要在发生率上面临着较大风险,但在更年幼的5~9岁儿童中,压疮所带来的长期健康影响可能更为严重。因此对于10~14岁的儿童,应加强监护与护理,降低压疮的发生率;对于5~9岁的儿童,应加强压疮的早期诊断与治疗,以减轻压疮的长期影响。
本研究发现,0~14岁儿童压疮虽在高SDI地区呈现出较高的年龄标准化发病率和患病率,但却在低SDI和低中SDI地区呈现较高的年龄标准化DALYs率。原因可能为:高SDI 地区的医疗诊断体系与卫生保健服务可能更为完善和先进,能够通过标准化评估工具,实现压疮的精准识别与规范报告,同时借助早期干预和持续护理有效降低并发症发生率,减轻疾病对患者的长期健康负担[12]。相较而言,SDI较低的地区因医疗基础设施薄弱、优质医疗资源分布不均,且缺乏系统化病例管理流程,可能导致压疮在筛查、诊断环节易出现漏诊与信息缺失,进而使患者错过最佳干预时机,显著增加了慢性伤口感染、败血症等严重并发症的发生风险,加剧了疾病对患者生理、心理及社会功能的长期不良影响[13]。此外,地域差异的出现还可能与气候、环境、武装冲突等因素有一定的联系[14],年龄标准化发病率和患病率排名前十五的国家大都位于赤道附近或低纬度热带沿海等气候湿热的地区。儿童是国家和地区发展的重要根基,SDI水平较低的地区更应加强对儿童压疮的重视,加强医疗诊断体系与卫生保健服务建设。
综上所述,近30年全球儿童压疮疾病负担在逐渐降低,不同年龄段儿童的压疮负担控制应各有侧重,低SDI地区更应加强医疗诊断体系与卫生保健服务建设。由于儿童人群中患有慢性病或需要长期卧床的危重症疾病的比例相对不高,儿童压疮表现出低发病率、患病率和DALYs率,因此压疮对儿童群体(特别是患有危重疾病的儿童)的危害容易被严重低估。儿童压疮护理应构建标准化方法,包括针对这一特殊和弱势人群的风险评估方案、循证指南、预防策略、医疗设备以及伤口治疗方法[11,15],通过更严密的预防、更细致的护理和更高效的治疗,以保护儿童的健康和福祉。本研究的局限性在于:所有负担估计均基于GBD数据库,其准确性不仅受原始数据的数量与质量制约,也受到GBD建模方法固有假设与参数选择的限制。
  • 上海市重中之重研究中心建设项目(2023ZZ02013)
  • 海军军医大学第一附属医院基础医学研究专项(2023PY25)
  • 海军军医大学“启航”人才计划(2023)
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2025年第52卷第21期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505384
  • 接收时间:2025-05-23
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-11-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-23
基金
上海市重中之重研究中心建设项目(2023ZZ02013)
海军军医大学第一附属医院基础医学研究专项(2023PY25)
海军军医大学“启航”人才计划(2023)
作者信息
    1.海军军医大学第一附属医院烧伤科,上海 200433
    2.海军军医大学基础医学院,上海 200433

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伍国胜,E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505384
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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