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Article(id=1322608231751467583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505331, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747670400000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793263975322, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1762704000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793263975322, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793263975322, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793263975322, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322608013010120712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='21', pageStart='3841', pageEnd='4032', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1762704000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793263923169, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793264266929, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322609454932149086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322609454932149087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3947, endPage=3951, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322608232636465729, articleId=1322608231751467583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The impact of father’s parenting style on depression in rural children: the mediating role of peer relationships, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationship between four dimensions of father’s parenting involvement (emotional, rule-setting, academic, and daily life), peer relationships, and the depression status of rural children.

Methods

A total of 657 rural children were assessed using the Father Involvement Questionnaire, the Peer Relationships Scale, and the Child Depression Inventory. SPSS 27.0 software and the Process 4.1 plugin were used to analyze the relationship between paternal parenting involvement and the depression status of rural children, as well as the mediating effect of peer relationships.

Results

All dimensions of father’s parenting involvement had a significant positive impact on peer relationships(βemotional=0.394, βrule-setting=0.227, βacademic=0.219, βdaily life=0.202). The emotional, rule-setting, and academic dimensions of paternal parenting involvement significantly negatively predicted children’s depression levels (βemotional=-0.032, βrule-setting=-0.025, βacademic=-0.028), while the daily life dimension showed no significant effect. Peer relationships significantly negatively influenced depression levels (βemotional=-0.159, βrule-setting=-0.162, βacademic=-0.162, βdaily life=-0.168).

Conclusion

Peer relationships play a bridging role between father’s parenting involvement and depression in rural children. Father’s involvement in emotional, rule-setting, and academic aspects can directly predict children’s depressive symptoms, or indirectly predict them through peer relationships. Parenting involvement in the daily life dimension indirectly influences children’s depression through peer relationships.

, authors=Yu-fei WANG, Kui-li SUN, authorsList=Yu-fei WANG, Kui-li SUN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Kui-li SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322608235224351308, articleId=1322608231751467583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=父亲教养方式对农村儿童抑郁的影响——同伴关系的中介作用, columnId=1228016570031604578, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=儿少卫生与妇幼保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨父亲教养投入的四个维度（情感、规则、学业、生活）、同伴关系与农村儿童抑郁状况之间的关系。

方法

通过父亲教养投入问卷、同伴关系简版量表、儿童抑郁量表对657名农村儿童施测，采用SPSS 27.0软件及Process 4.1插件对父亲教养方式与农村儿童抑郁状况的关系及同伴关系的中介效应进行分析。

结果

父亲各个维度教养投入对同伴关系均有显著正向影响（β情感=0.394，β规则=0.227，β学业=0.219，β生活=0.202），父亲教养投入的情感、规则和学业维度显著负向影响儿童抑郁状况（β情感=-0.032，β规则=-0.025，β学业=-0.028），生活维度对抑郁状况的影响不显著，同伴关系显著负向影响抑郁状况（β情感=-0.159，β规则=-0.162，β学业=-0.162，β生活=-0.168）。

结论

同伴关系在父亲教养投入与农村儿童抑郁状况之间起着纽带作用。父亲在情感、规则和学业方面的教养投入能直接或通过同伴关系间接预测儿童的抑郁状况，生活维度的教养投入则通过同伴关系对儿童抑郁状况产生间接影响。

, authors=王雨菲, 孙奎立, authorsList=王雨菲, 孙奎立, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙奎立, authorNote=

王雨菲（2001—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：卫生事业管理学

, correspAuthorsNote=
孙奎立，E-mail：
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王雨菲（2001—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：卫生事业管理学

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王雨菲（2001—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：卫生事业管理学

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Effect of father involvement on children's depression: mediating role of adolescent dispositional mindfulness and moderating role of gender, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322608239267660395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608231751467583, awardId=22CSHJ04, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省社会科学规划研究项目(22CSHJ04), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322608235429872206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608231751467583, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608235492786767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608231751467583, companyId=1322608235429872206, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Social Work, School of Medicine Management, Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong 271016,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608235501175376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608231751467583, companyId=1322608235429872206, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=山东第一医科大学医药管理学院社会工作系，山东　泰安　271016)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322608236738495075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608231751467583, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis (r)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量得分（）123456
X115.32±10.721
X28.08±3.370.63***1
X36.98±4.450.75***0.68***1
X47.67±4.260.62***0.61***0.65***1
同伴关系17.10±6.970.42***0.34***0.33***0.29***1
抑郁状况14.66±8.18-0.38***-0.32***-0.34***-0.28***-0.55***1
), ArticleFig(id=1322608236809798244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608231751467583, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

描述性统计和相关分析(r)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量得分（）123456
X115.32±10.721
X28.08±3.370.63***1
X36.98±4.450.75***0.68***1
X47.67±4.260.62***0.61***0.65***1
同伴关系17.10±6.970.42***0.34***0.33***0.29***1
抑郁状况14.66±8.18-0.38***-0.32***-0.34***-0.28***-0.55***1
), ArticleFig(id=1322608236881101413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608231751467583, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Regression analysis between each variable and peer relationships

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归方程拟合指标系数显著性
预测变量R2Fβt
方程一0.20132.773***
性别0.0410.669
年龄（岁）0.1152.912*
独生子女-0.004-0.391
父母关系0.0913.016**
X10.34910.254***
方程二0.15022.902***
性别0.0180.289
年龄（岁）0.0942.311*
独生子女0.0941.002
父母关系0.1344.421***
X20.2277.703***
方程三0.13921.021***
性别0.0150.236
年龄（岁）0.1072.619**
独生子女0.1071.139
父母关系0.1243.974***
X30.2197.114***
方程四0.12518.545***
性别0.0600.926
年龄（岁）0.1122.717**
独生子女0.0840.886
父母关系0.1414.546***
X40.2026.255***
), ArticleFig(id=1322608236948210278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608231751467583, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各变量与同伴关系之间的回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归方程拟合指标系数显著性
预测变量R2Fβt
方程一0.20132.773***
性别0.0410.669
年龄（岁）0.1152.912*
独生子女-0.004-0.391
父母关系0.0913.016**
X10.34910.254***
方程二0.15022.902***
性别0.0180.289
年龄（岁）0.0942.311*
独生子女0.0941.002
父母关系0.1344.421***
X20.2277.703***
方程三0.13921.021***
性别0.0150.236
年龄（岁）0.1072.619**
独生子女0.1071.139
父母关系0.1243.974***
X30.2197.114***
方程四0.12518.545***
性别0.0600.926
年龄（岁）0.1122.717**
独生子女0.0840.886
父母关系0.1414.546***
X40.2026.255***
), ArticleFig(id=1322608237023707751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608231751467583, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Regression analysis between each variable and depression status

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归方程拟合指标系数显著性
预测变量R2Fβt
方程一0.38567.780***
性别0.0613.239**
年龄（岁）0.0121.023
独生子女0.0762.738**
父母关系-0.059-6.366***
X1-0.032-2.819**
同伴关系-0.159-13.256***
方程二0.38467.632***
性别0.0633.339***
年龄（岁）0.0151.217
独生子女0.0682.450*
父母关系-0.061-6.675***
X2-0.025-2.718**
同伴关系-0.162-13.969***
方程三0.38668.050***
性别0.0633.351***
年龄（岁）0.0131.084
独生子女0.0662.394*
父母关系-0.058-6.265***
X3-0.028-2.992**
同伴关系-0.16214.060***
方程四0.37966.122***
性别0.0613.188**
年龄（岁）0.0141.137
独生子女0.0692.472*
父母关系-0.063-6.860***
X4-0.013-1.322
同伴关系-0.168-14.590***
), ArticleFig(id=1322608237178897000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608231751467583, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各变量与抑郁状况之间的回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归方程拟合指标系数显著性
预测变量R2Fβt
方程一0.38567.780***
性别0.0613.239**
年龄（岁）0.0121.023
独生子女0.0762.738**
父母关系-0.059-6.366***
X1-0.032-2.819**
同伴关系-0.159-13.256***
方程二0.38467.632***
性别0.0633.339***
年龄（岁）0.0151.217
独生子女0.0682.450*
父母关系-0.061-6.675***
X2-0.025-2.718**
同伴关系-0.162-13.969***
方程三0.38668.050***
性别0.0633.351***
年龄（岁）0.0131.084
独生子女0.0662.394*
父母关系-0.058-6.265***
X3-0.028-2.992**
同伴关系-0.16214.060***
方程四0.37966.122***
性别0.0613.188**
年龄（岁）0.0141.137
独生子女0.0692.472*
父母关系-0.063-6.860***
X4-0.013-1.322
同伴关系-0.168-14.590***
), ArticleFig(id=1322608237254394473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608231751467583, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mediation analysis of peer relationships

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
统计量方程一
X=情感维度		方程二
X=规则维度		方程三
X=学业维度		方程四
X=生活维度
直接效应效应值(Boot95% CI)-0.032(-0.052～-0.011)-0.025(-0.043～-0.005)-0.028(-0.046～-0.010)-0.013(-0.032～0.006)
Boot 0.0100.0100.0090.010
效应量（%）36.7840.3244.4427.66
间接效应效应值(Boot95% CI)-0.055(-0.070～-0.042)-0.037(-0.048～-0.026)-0.035(-0.048～-0.024)-0.034(-0.047～-0.022)
Boot 0.0070.0060.0060.006
效应量（%）63.2259.6855.5672.34
拟合指标R20.2190.2000.1990.176
F36.418***32.453***32.349***27.743***
), ArticleFig(id=1322608238936310378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608231751467583, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

同伴关系的中介效应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
统计量方程一
X=情感维度		方程二
X=规则维度		方程三
X=学业维度		方程四
X=生活维度
直接效应效应值(Boot95% CI)-0.032(-0.052～-0.011)-0.025(-0.043～-0.005)-0.028(-0.046～-0.010)-0.013(-0.032～0.006)
Boot 0.0100.0100.0090.010
效应量（%）36.7840.3244.4427.66
间接效应效应值(Boot95% CI)-0.055(-0.070～-0.042)-0.037(-0.048～-0.026)-0.035(-0.048～-0.024)-0.034(-0.047～-0.022)
Boot 0.0070.0060.0060.006
效应量（%）63.2259.6855.5672.34
拟合指标R20.2190.2000.1990.176
F36.418***32.453***32.349***27.743***
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父亲教养方式对农村儿童抑郁的影响——同伴关系的中介作用
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王雨菲 , 孙奎立
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025,52(21): 3947-3951
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现代预防医学 |儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025 , 52 (21) : 3947 -3951
父亲教养方式对农村儿童抑郁的影响——同伴关系的中介作用
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王雨菲, 孙奎立
作者信息
  • 山东第一医科大学医药管理学院社会工作系，山东　泰安　271016
通讯作者:
孙奎立，E-mail：
作者简介:

王雨菲（2001—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：卫生事业管理学

The impact of father’s parenting style on depression in rural children: the mediating role of peer relationships
Yu-fei WANG, Kui-li SUN
Affiliations
  • Department of Social Work, School of Medicine Management, Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong 271016,China
出版时间: 2025-11-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505331
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摘要
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目的

探讨父亲教养投入的四个维度（情感、规则、学业、生活）、同伴关系与农村儿童抑郁状况之间的关系。

方法

通过父亲教养投入问卷、同伴关系简版量表、儿童抑郁量表对657名农村儿童施测，采用SPSS 27.0软件及Process 4.1插件对父亲教养方式与农村儿童抑郁状况的关系及同伴关系的中介效应进行分析。

结果

父亲各个维度教养投入对同伴关系均有显著正向影响（β情感=0.394，β规则=0.227，β学业=0.219，β生活=0.202），父亲教养投入的情感、规则和学业维度显著负向影响儿童抑郁状况（β情感=-0.032，β规则=-0.025，β学业=-0.028），生活维度对抑郁状况的影响不显著，同伴关系显著负向影响抑郁状况（β情感=-0.159，β规则=-0.162，β学业=-0.162，β生活=-0.168）。

结论

同伴关系在父亲教养投入与农村儿童抑郁状况之间起着纽带作用。父亲在情感、规则和学业方面的教养投入能直接或通过同伴关系间接预测儿童的抑郁状况，生活维度的教养投入则通过同伴关系对儿童抑郁状况产生间接影响。

父亲教养投入  /  同伴关系  /  农村儿童  /  抑郁状况
Objective

To explore the relationship between four dimensions of father’s parenting involvement (emotional, rule-setting, academic, and daily life), peer relationships, and the depression status of rural children.

Methods

A total of 657 rural children were assessed using the Father Involvement Questionnaire, the Peer Relationships Scale, and the Child Depression Inventory. SPSS 27.0 software and the Process 4.1 plugin were used to analyze the relationship between paternal parenting involvement and the depression status of rural children, as well as the mediating effect of peer relationships.

Results

All dimensions of father’s parenting involvement had a significant positive impact on peer relationships(βemotional=0.394, βrule-setting=0.227, βacademic=0.219, βdaily life=0.202). The emotional, rule-setting, and academic dimensions of paternal parenting involvement significantly negatively predicted children’s depression levels (βemotional=-0.032, βrule-setting=-0.025, βacademic=-0.028), while the daily life dimension showed no significant effect. Peer relationships significantly negatively influenced depression levels (βemotional=-0.159, βrule-setting=-0.162, βacademic=-0.162, βdaily life=-0.168).

Conclusion

Peer relationships play a bridging role between father’s parenting involvement and depression in rural children. Father’s involvement in emotional, rule-setting, and academic aspects can directly predict children’s depressive symptoms, or indirectly predict them through peer relationships. Parenting involvement in the daily life dimension indirectly influences children’s depression through peer relationships.

Father’s parenting involvement  /  Peer relationships  /  Rural children  /  Depression status
王雨菲, 孙奎立. 父亲教养方式对农村儿童抑郁的影响——同伴关系的中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (21) : 3947 -3951 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505331
Yu-fei WANG, Kui-li SUN. The impact of father’s parenting style on depression in rural children: the mediating role of peer relationships[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (21) : 3947 -3951 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505331
正文
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抑郁是全球高度重视的公共健康问题之一，世界卫生组织2023年数据显示，全球总人口的3.8%（约2.8亿人）被抑郁所困扰。儿童与青少年自我能力（自我效能感、人际交往能力、抗压能力等）发展尚不完善，更是抑郁症状的高风险群体[1]。2020年我国青少年抑郁的总检出率已经高达24.6%，其中中小学是抑郁的高发阶段。罹患抑郁不仅影响儿童和青少年的生活、学习、人际交往以及各种社会功能，还会出现自残、自杀、药物滥用等严重的问题行为[2]，这种影响到成年后会以更严重的后果表现出来，比如婚姻关系紧张、失业、犯罪等[3]。
近些年来，家庭中父亲的教养投入越来越受到学界的重视。父亲教养投入指父亲为实现子女健康成长而在儿童的情感、生活、学业等方面的积极参与[4]，对儿童个性和社会学发展具有重要影响，当然也影响儿童的心理健康状况[5]。研究表明，父亲的积极养育预示着青少年幸福感的增强[6]，且父亲的教养投入水平与青少年的抑郁水平为负相关关系[7]。
抑郁并非单一因素所致，而是父母教养方式、同伴关系等多种因素叠加的作用[8]。同伴群体是社会化的重要因素，不良同伴关系是造成青少年心理健康危机的直接原因[9]。研究表明，良好的同伴关系能够有效降低患有抑郁症的青少年的抑郁症状[10]。由于青少年长时期在学校活动，作为近端支持的同伴关系的作用就显得更加突出，其作用甚至会超过父母的作用。
父亲教养投入会对儿童的同伴关系带来影响。有研究发现，父亲教养投入与儿童的同伴能力之间呈正相关关系[11]，有学者指出，父亲教养投入越多，父亲在教养投入中所变现出的积极的人际交往模式会给子女提供较好的正面行为示范，儿童的攻击行为就越少，这会极大的促进儿童和同伴之间的友谊质量[12]。
综上所述，本研究聚焦父亲教养方式对农村儿童抑郁的影响，尤其关注同伴关系在此过程中可能发挥的中介作用。研究假设主要有：（1）父亲教养投入对农村儿童抑郁具有显著影响；（2）同伴关系对农村儿童抑郁具有显著影响；（3）同伴关系在父亲教养方式与儿童抑郁之间发挥了中介效应，即父亲教养投入可能通过改善儿童的同伴关系质量，进一步降低儿童抑郁症状的风险。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　研究对象
采用乡村儿童心理健康数据集[13]，该数据集是国民心理健康数据库的一个子集，由中国科学院心理研究所在2021年3—5月从全国范围内抽取7个省的16所乡村小学开展《小学生生活状况调查》收集而得，调查由经过专业培训的主试负责整班施测。在正式调查开始前，由主试向所有参与者介绍本次调查的目的，流程以及知情同意等事项。参与者自愿参加调查，并填写知情同意书。调查共收集乡村儿童样本有效问卷2 498份。数据集共分为低年级、中年级和高年级三个版本。因为只有在高年级版本问卷中涉及父亲教养投入量表,故本研究选取858份高年级调查问卷，删除在父亲教养投入量表、儿童抑郁量表、同伴关系量表以及性别、年龄、是否独生子女和父母关系中存在缺失值的样本201人，最终进入数据分析的农村儿童样本规模为657人。
1.2　工具
1.2.1　父亲教养投入问卷
采用伍新春等人[14]修订的父亲教养投入问卷对研究对象的父亲教养投入水平进行评估。该问卷分为情感休闲、规则教导、学业支持与生活照顾四个维度，且四个维度均是通过因子分析提取，保证了四个维度的相对独立性。所有项目均采用0～4分5点计分法，得分越高表示父亲教养投入水平越高。本研究中，情感休闲、规则教导、学业支持与生活照顾的Cronbach α系数分别为0.921、0.807、0.815、0.780，均具有较好内部信度。
1.2.2　同伴关系简版量表
采用同伴关系简版量表的中文版测量研究对象的同伴关系情况[15]。该量表共8题，均采用0～4分5点计分法，得分越高，表明个体的同伴关系水平越高。在本研究中，该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.860。
1.2.3　儿童抑郁量表
采用儿童抑郁量表（child depression inventory，CDI）的中文版评估研究对象最近两周的抑郁状况[16]。该量表共27道题，采用3点计分法，每个选项由描述不同程度抑郁症状的句子构成，“一般反应”计0分、“中度抑郁症状”计1分、“重度抑郁症状”计2分，其中，第2、5、7、8、10、11、13、15、17、20、21、25、26题为反向计分题目，在数据梳理时进行了反向处理，总分越高表示儿童的抑郁状况越严重。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.880，具有较高的内部信度。
2　结果
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2.1　各变量的平均数、标准差、相关矩阵及样本的基本分布情况
如表1所示，父亲在情感、规则、学业以及生活四个维度中的教养投入水平，两两之间呈显著正相关，且与同伴关系均呈显著正相关；四个维度上的父亲教养投入水平与农村儿童抑郁状况之间均为显著负相关，同伴关系与抑郁状况亦呈显著负相关。
此外，在657名农村儿童样本中，男生301人，占45.8%，女生356人，占54.2%；年龄均集中在8～15岁；其中，有87名儿童为独生子女，占13.2%，570名儿童为非独生子女，占86.8%；认为自己父母的关系非常不和睦的儿童有26人，占4.00%，认为父母的关系不太和睦的有41人，占6.20%，认为自己父母关系一般的有106人，占16.1%，认为父母关系比较和睦的有196人，占29.8%，认为父母关系非常和睦的有288人，占43.8%。
2.2　各变量与同伴关系的多元线性回归分析
以同伴关系为因变量，以父亲教养投入的四个维度分别作为自变量纳入四个方程，进行多元线性回归分析，在控制性别、年龄、是否为独生子女以及父母关系等因素后，分析结果显示，父亲教养投入的四个维度均能显著正向预测农村儿童的同伴关系质量，这表明，父亲教养投入水平越高的农村儿童越容易获得较高水平的同伴关系。
在控制变量中，父母关系与同伴关系之间同样显示出显著的正向关系，表明父母关系越好的农村儿童越容易获得较高质量的同伴关系；同时，年龄在四个方程中与同伴关系均为显著正向关系，表明年龄较大的农村儿童具有更高质量的同伴关系。然而，性别和是否为独生子女在四个方程中与同伴关系得分之间均未呈现显著性，表明性别和是否为独生子女对农村儿童同伴关系质量没有形成显著影响。见表2。
2.3　各变量与抑郁状况的多元线性回归分析
将同伴关系分别纳入四个方程，以农村儿童抑郁状况为因变量，分别以父亲教养投入的四个维度作为四个方程的自变量，进行多元线性回归分析。分析结果显示，在控制性别、年龄、是否为独生子女和父母关系等变量后，父亲教养投入的前三个维度与农村儿童抑郁状况之间的关系均具有负向显著性，表明父亲在这三个维度上的教养投入水平越高，农村儿童的抑郁水平越低。父亲教养投入的生活维度与儿童抑郁状况之间虽然也呈现出负向关系，但此关系不具有统计学意义，表明父亲在生活上的教养投入不会直接影响农村儿童的抑郁状况，但有可能通过同伴关系产生影响，因此，有必要加入中介变量对两者之间的关系进行进一步分析。同时，在四个方程中，同伴关系与抑郁状况均呈现出反向关系的显著性，表明同伴关系质量高的儿童不易患抑郁，同时表明同伴关系具有作为父亲教养投入与农村儿童抑郁状况之间的中介变量的潜在可能性。
此外，对于控制变量的分析结果显示，性别在四个方程中与抑郁状况均呈现出正向关系的显著性，表明性别分值越高的农村儿童有更明显的抑郁倾向，即女孩比男孩更易患抑郁；是否为独生子女与儿童抑郁状况均为正向显著，表明在该变量中分值越高的儿童抑郁状况越严重，即独生子女比非独生子女更易罹患抑郁；父母关系与抑郁状况均具有显著的负向关系，表明父母关系越好的儿童越不易患抑郁；而年龄与农村儿童抑郁状况之间的关系在四个方程中均不显著，表明农村儿童的年龄不会显著影响其抑郁状况。见表3。
2.4　各维度的中介效应检验
本研究假设同伴关系在父亲教养投入与农村儿童抑郁状况的关系之间起到了中介作用，根据温忠麟[17]提出的中介效应检验流程对此中介效应是否成立进行检验。采用Hayes[18]编制的SPSS Process宏程序中的model 4，在控制性别、年龄、是否为独生子女、父母关系等因素后，分析同伴关系的中介效应在父亲教养投入与农村儿童抑郁状况之间的四个中介模型中是否成立。
分析结果显示，在方程一、方程二、方程三中，直接效应的Boot95% CI均不包含0，直接效应显著，而在方程四中，直接效应的Boot95% CI经过了0，直接效应不显著，与表3中的回归分析结果一致。在间接效应的测量中，四个方程的Boot95% CI均未经过0，间接效应均显著，且在四个方程中，直接效应和间接效应的效应值均为负数。分析结果表明，父亲对于农村儿童在情感维度、规则维度以及学业维度上的教养投入水平能够直接显著负向预测其抑郁状况，同伴关系在这三个维度上的教养投入水平与儿童抑郁状况之间的中介效应成立，为部分中介作用；而父亲在生活维度上的教养投入水平则无法直接预测农村儿童的抑郁状况，同伴关系在该维度的教养投入水平与儿童抑郁状况之间的中介效应成立。见表4。
3　讨论
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3.1　父亲教养投入与同伴关系的关系
本研究表明，父亲教养投入的四个维度均对农村儿童的同伴关系状态和质量具有显著正向影响，其中情感休闲维度的教养投入水平对儿童同伴关系的影响最大。这可能是因为父亲作为一个家庭的核心成员，是子女在儿童时期最主要的模仿者之一，其高质量的情感教养投入有利于儿童在与同伴交往时展现出更多的同理心、合作精神等积极情绪，引发儿童在社会交往中相互信任、相互尊重[19]，从而建立良好的同伴关系。
3.2　同伴关系与农村儿童抑郁的关系
本研究发现，同伴关系越好的农村儿童，抑郁程度越轻。获得高水平的社会支持是保护个体免受心理困扰的重要保障，同伴关系是农村儿童获取社会支持的重要来源，健康的同伴关系能够帮助农村儿童在面对压力时保持良好的心理状态，从而对其心理健康形成保护和促进机制。
3.3　父亲教养投入与农村儿童抑郁的关系
本研究还表明，父亲教养投入水平越高，儿童的抑郁程度越轻，这与刘明杰等[20]的研究结果一致。父亲高质量的教养投入有利于儿童与父亲之间建立起健康的依恋关系，这种关系能够为儿童提供情感支持，有助于提高儿童的心理韧性，从而减少焦虑、抑郁等心理健康问题的发生。
3.4　同伴关系在父亲教养投入与儿童抑郁状况之间的中介作用
同伴关系在各维度父亲教养投入与抑郁状况之间的中介效应均成立。父亲可以通过尊重儿童的选择、鼓励他们自主探索，增强儿童的自主感，自主感需要得到满足能帮助儿童在与同伴交往中更好地识别和尊重同伴的自主性，这有助于培养出相互尊重和支持的健康同伴关系，减少儿童在社会交往中的冲突与误解，提升儿童整体的社交满意度与社会归属感，从而减少抑郁的发生；父亲通过规则设定、学业指导和反馈，能够有效提高儿童的胜任感，帮助儿童在学业上与同伴建立起良性的合作与竞争关系，不仅有助于提高自身的学习成绩，还能获取更多来自于同伴的正向激励，有助于增强儿童的自信心，减少负面情绪产生的频率，从而降低抑郁的可能性；父亲通过情感支持和日常陪伴，可促进儿童与父亲之间的关系感，关系感的满足有助于儿童社会交往能力的培养与发展，使儿童在与同伴互动时更容易展现出积极和友善的互动技巧，获得更多同伴的支持，这能够帮助儿童降低孤独感，避免社会退缩的发生，从而降低抑郁发生的风险。因此，父亲教养投入能通过满足上述儿童基本心理需求，促进儿童同伴关系的健康发展，从而降低儿童的抑郁风险。
本研究的可能创新之处在于：（1）分别检验父亲教养投入不同维度的作用，对以往研究中将父亲教养投入总体上作为一个变量来研究的状况进行补充，这使研究结论在实际应用中更具有针对性；（2）探讨同伴关系作为中介因素在父亲教养与儿童抑郁之间的作用机制，为农村儿童心理健康干预提供理论支持和实践启示。值得一提的是，本研究得出父亲的生活投入并不会直接与儿童抑郁相关联，而是通过同伴关系这一重要中介路径发挥作用。这意味着提升农村儿童心理健康水平既不能忽视父亲在日常生活中的陪伴，也要关注如何有效提升农村儿童的同伴关系质量。尽管本研究取得了一些有价值的成果，但也存在着一定的局限性，研究所采用的是横截面设计，无法揭示父亲教养投入、同伴关系和农村儿童抑郁等各变量之间的动态因果关系，未来研究可以考虑采用多期数据纵向研究方式，为因果效应检验提供更加可靠的证据支持。
基金
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  • 山东省社会科学规划研究项目(22CSHJ04)
文献
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2025年第52卷第21期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505331
  • 接收时间：2025-05-20
  • 首发时间：2026-10-29
  • 出版时间：2025-11-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-05-20
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山东省社会科学规划研究项目(22CSHJ04)
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    山东第一医科大学医药管理学院社会工作系，山东　泰安　271016

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孙奎立，E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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