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Article(id=1322608174293692422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507071, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751817600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793263961622, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1762704000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793263961622, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793263961622, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793263961622, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322608013010120712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='21', pageStart='3841', pageEnd='4032', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1762704000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793263923169, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793264266929, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322609454932149086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322609454932149087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4009, endPage=4015, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322608175925276679, articleId=1322608174293692422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Defining systemic issues in China’s public health emergency response plan system, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To systematically analyze the problems existing in China’s public health emergency response plan system, comprehensively review relevant literature, and construct a complete problem framework.

Methods

A total of 3 171 relevant literature articles were retrieved from Chinese and English databases from 2003 to 2024, and 225 articles that met the criteria were ultimately included in the analysis. Problem descriptions were extracted, categorized, and organized into a problem list, and a problem system was constructed based on the emergency plan framework.

Results

The system identified 29 types of problems within China’s emergency response plans, encompassing the plan system, preparedness framework, risk assessment, operational foundation, and operational environment.

Conclusion

The developed problem system systematically presents existing issues and provides theoretical and practical references for improving emergency response plans and enhancing public health emergency response capacity.

, authors=Yue-yuan LI1, Hong-tao WU2, Fang-yu CHENG1, Xiao-wen WANG1, Chun-ping WANG1, authorsList=Yue-yuan LI, Hong-tao WU, Fang-yu CHENG, Xiao-wen WANG, Chun-ping WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chun-ping WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322608177292619796, articleId=1322608174293692422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=我国突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系的问题界定研究, columnId=1228016573844226129, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=疾病预防控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

系统剖析我国突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系中存在的问题，全面梳理相关文献，构建完整的问题系统。

方法

检索中英文数据库2003—2024年相关文献3 171篇，最终纳入符合标准的文献225篇进行分析。提取文献中关于问题的描述，分类整理形成问题清单，并基于应急预案体系结构构建问题系统。

结果

我国突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系存在29类问题，涵盖应急预案系统、应急准备框架、风险评估、运行基础、运行环境等方面。

结论

系统呈现了应急预案体系中存在的问题，所构建的问题系统为优化应急预案体系、提升突发公共卫生事件应对能力提供了重要的理论支持和实践参考。

, authors=李月圆1, 吴洪涛2, 成方宇1, 王晓文1, 王春平1, authorsList=李月圆, 吴洪涛, 成方宇, 王晓文, 王春平, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王春平, authorNote=

李月圆（2001—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：卫生应急管理

, correspAuthorsNote=
王春平，E-mail：
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李月圆（2001—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：卫生应急管理

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The research on improving National modern emergency management system under epidemic situation [J]. Review of Economy and Management, 2020, 36 (4): 17-24. (In Chinese), articleTitle=The research on improving National modern emergency management system under epidemic situation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322608190160744565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=98, pageEnd=109, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=44, authorNames=董泽宇, journalName=中国应急管理科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=董泽宇. 结构化应急演练模式研究 [J]. 中国应急管理科学, 2022, (12): 98-109., articleTitle=结构化应急演练模式研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322608190219464822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=98, pageEnd=109, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Dong ZY, journalName=Journal of Chinese Emergency Management Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dong ZY. Research on structural emergency exercise model [J]. Journal of Chinese Emergency Management Science, 2022, (12): 98-109. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Research on structural emergency exercise model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322608190282379383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=73, pageEnd=79, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=46, authorNames=管至为, 黄天翔, 张世翔, journalName=中国公共卫生, refType=null, unstructuredReference=管至为，黄天翔，张世翔, 等. 上海市疾病预防控制机构公共卫生应急队伍建设现状及问题分析 [J]. 中国公共卫生, 2025, 41 (1): 73-79., articleTitle=上海市疾病预防控制机构公共卫生应急队伍建设现状及问题分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322608190349488248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=73, pageEnd=79, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=47, authorNames=Guan ZW, Huang TX, Zhang SX, journalName=Chinese Journal of Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guan ZW, Huang TX, Zhang SX, et al. The current status and problems of public health emergency response team building in disease prevention and control institutions in Shanghai city [J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025, 41 (1): 73-79. (In Chinese), articleTitle=The current status and problems of public health emergency response team building in disease prevention and control institutions in Shanghai city, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322608190416597113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=8, issue=null, pageStart=250, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=48, authorNames=Cao YL, Shan J, Gong ZZ, journalName=Front Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cao YL, Shan J, Gong ZZ, et al. Status and challenges of public health emergency management in China related to COVID-19 [J]. Front Public Health, 2020, 8: 250., articleTitle=Status and challenges of public health emergency management in China related to COVID-19, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322608190487900282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=49, authorNames=中华人民共和国中央人民政府, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国中央人民政府. 国务院办公厅关于印发《突发事件应急预案管理办法》的通知 [EB/OL]. [2025-09-15]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/202402/content_6930816.htm., articleTitle=国务院办公厅关于印发《突发事件应急预案管理办法》的通知, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322608190575980667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=50, authorNames=Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Issuing the “Measures for the Administration of Emergency Response Plans for Emergencies” [EB/OL]. [2025-09-15]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/202402/content_6930816.htm. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Issuing the “Measures for the Administration of Emergency Response Plans for Emergencies”, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322608182678106181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, awardId=71904103, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(71904103), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322608182791352390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, awardId=ZR2022MG032, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022MG032), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322608182883627079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, awardId=2024JZ0011, language=CN, fundingSource=潍坊市科学技术局竞争性创新平台项目基金(2024JZ0011), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322608177523306517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608177535889430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, companyId=1322608177523306517, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608177548472343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, companyId=1322608177523306517, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院，山东　潍坊　261053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322608177619775512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608177628164121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, companyId=1322608177619775512, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国疾病预防控制中心（中国预防医学科学院）卫生应急中心，传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322608181222682681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Literature screening flowchart, figureFileSmall=g9PtP2sFNQ6o6v/a9ey+eA==, figureFileBig=550f+vRnvYTRY/jM3saSMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608181348511802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, language=CN, label=图1, caption=文献筛选流程图, figureFileSmall=g9PtP2sFNQ6o6v/a9ey+eA==, figureFileBig=550f+vRnvYTRY/jM3saSMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608181595975739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Design diagram of the emergency response plan system architecture framework, figureFileSmall=sJilO0tVYx8KfJMIGFvCoA==, figureFileBig=za/RfGib1F0uae2ihUs3Pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608181675667516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, language=CN, label=图2, caption=应急预案体系结构框架设计图, figureFileSmall=sJilO0tVYx8KfJMIGFvCoA==, figureFileBig=za/RfGib1F0uae2ihUs3Pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608181763747901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Analysis of the boundary issues of the emergency public health emergency response plan system, figureFileSmall=TKdLcur0I/9zu1eDEbIWUA==, figureFileBig=unKedRST6x63ebrXr83lZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608181826662462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, language=CN, label=图3, caption=突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系问题边界分析, figureFileSmall=TKdLcur0I/9zu1eDEbIWUA==, figureFileBig=unKedRST6x63ebrXr83lZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608181935714367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Schematic diagram of issues system in the public health emergencies response plan, figureFileSmall=8JSpMPMoFpm+XAQulLAj6w==, figureFileBig=d0nGa4C5iw0QkSXrhGWDhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608182048960576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, language=CN, label=图4, caption=突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系问题系统示意图, figureFileSmall=8JSpMPMoFpm+XAQulLAj6w==, figureFileBig=d0nGa4C5iw0QkSXrhGWDhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608182158012481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics of relevant literature on the problems of the emergency response plan system for public health emergencies in China

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类文献数（篇）构成比(%)
研究类型理论性研究16874.67
实证研究2611.56
综述219.33
其他104.44
基金资助国际级10.44
国家级3415.11
省部级3816.89
其他167.11
无13660.44
合作单位数量（个）014564.44
15624.89
2125.33
≥3125.33
研究者职称级别正高级3716.44
副高级3716.44
中级2511.11
初级83.56
其他（博士后、研究生等）3515.56
未标注8336.89
研究者单位类型学校9843.56
科研院所135.78
医疗卫生服务机构10044.44
其他（行政部门、行业协会、企业等）146.22
), ArticleFig(id=1322608182283841602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

我国突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系问题相关文献基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类文献数（篇）构成比(%)
研究类型理论性研究16874.67
实证研究2611.56
综述219.33
其他104.44
基金资助国际级10.44
国家级3415.11
省部级3816.89
其他167.11
无13660.44
合作单位数量（个）014564.44
15624.89
2125.33
≥3125.33
研究者职称级别正高级3716.44
副高级3716.44
中级2511.11
初级83.56
其他（博士后、研究生等）3515.56
未标注8336.89
研究者单位类型学校9843.56
科研院所135.78
医疗卫生服务机构10044.44
其他（行政部门、行业协会、企业等）146.22
), ArticleFig(id=1322608182401282115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

29 main issues and their classification in the field of China’s public health emergency response plan system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号问题归类一归类二
1应急预案缺乏针对性和可操作性预案编制预案系统
2预案编制缺乏规范性和法律依据
3各级应急预案建设没有形成统一的体系
4预案内容不完善，质量参差不齐
5不同类型预案之间缺乏有效的衔接和协调
6预案制定未结合实际情况，实用性不足
7预案制定的专业化程度有待提高
8评估修订制度机制不健全评估修订
9评估与实际脱节，效果不佳
10预案体系亟待修订
11应急预案管理体系不健全，缺乏动态管理机制管理更新
12应急预案管理不平衡
13预案更新机制和信息化水平不足
14应急准备不足准备情景准备框架
15未能“基于危险源辨识和风险评估之上”进行情景构建
16科技支撑基础较薄弱支撑基础风险评估
17制定预案前缺少脆弱性和风险评估脆弱性分析
18核心评估能力不足应急能力评估
19专业人才及处理技能仍显不足宣传教育运行基础
20应对突发公共事件的宣传教育不够广泛深入
21宣传教育方式待改进
22培训演练频率低培训演练
23培训演练制度不完善
24培训演练质量和实效性不足
25演练与预案关联不够，相互脱节
26信息管理与共享机制不足信息共享
27资源保障与资金支持不足物资协调
28应急预案法律地位不明确法律地位运行环境
29卫生应急指挥决策系统功能不完善指挥决策
), ArticleFig(id=1322608182539694148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608174293692422, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

我国突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系领域29类主要问题及归类

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号问题归类一归类二
1应急预案缺乏针对性和可操作性预案编制预案系统
2预案编制缺乏规范性和法律依据
3各级应急预案建设没有形成统一的体系
4预案内容不完善，质量参差不齐
5不同类型预案之间缺乏有效的衔接和协调
6预案制定未结合实际情况，实用性不足
7预案制定的专业化程度有待提高
8评估修订制度机制不健全评估修订
9评估与实际脱节，效果不佳
10预案体系亟待修订
11应急预案管理体系不健全，缺乏动态管理机制管理更新
12应急预案管理不平衡
13预案更新机制和信息化水平不足
14应急准备不足准备情景准备框架
15未能“基于危险源辨识和风险评估之上”进行情景构建
16科技支撑基础较薄弱支撑基础风险评估
17制定预案前缺少脆弱性和风险评估脆弱性分析
18核心评估能力不足应急能力评估
19专业人才及处理技能仍显不足宣传教育运行基础
20应对突发公共事件的宣传教育不够广泛深入
21宣传教育方式待改进
22培训演练频率低培训演练
23培训演练制度不完善
24培训演练质量和实效性不足
25演练与预案关联不够，相互脱节
26信息管理与共享机制不足信息共享
27资源保障与资金支持不足物资协调
28应急预案法律地位不明确法律地位运行环境
29卫生应急指挥决策系统功能不完善指挥决策
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我国突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系的问题界定研究
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李月圆 1 , 吴洪涛 2 , 成方宇 1 , 王晓文 1 , 王春平 1
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2025,52(21): 4009-4015
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现代预防医学 |疾病预防控制 2025 , 52 (21) : 4009 -4015
我国突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系的问题界定研究
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李月圆1, 吴洪涛2, 成方宇1, 王晓文1, 王春平1
作者信息
  • 1.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院，山东　潍坊　261053
  • 2.中国疾病预防控制中心（中国预防医学科学院）卫生应急中心，传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室
通讯作者:
王春平，E-mail：
作者简介:

李月圆（2001—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：卫生应急管理

Defining systemic issues in China’s public health emergency response plan system
Yue-yuan LI1, Hong-tao WU2, Fang-yu CHENG1, Xiao-wen WANG1, Chun-ping WANG1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2025-11-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507071
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摘要
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目的

系统剖析我国突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系中存在的问题，全面梳理相关文献，构建完整的问题系统。

方法

检索中英文数据库2003—2024年相关文献3 171篇，最终纳入符合标准的文献225篇进行分析。提取文献中关于问题的描述，分类整理形成问题清单，并基于应急预案体系结构构建问题系统。

结果

我国突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系存在29类问题，涵盖应急预案系统、应急准备框架、风险评估、运行基础、运行环境等方面。

结论

系统呈现了应急预案体系中存在的问题，所构建的问题系统为优化应急预案体系、提升突发公共卫生事件应对能力提供了重要的理论支持和实践参考。

突发公共卫生事件  /  应急预案体系结构  /  问题系统
Objective

To systematically analyze the problems existing in China’s public health emergency response plan system, comprehensively review relevant literature, and construct a complete problem framework.

Methods

A total of 3 171 relevant literature articles were retrieved from Chinese and English databases from 2003 to 2024, and 225 articles that met the criteria were ultimately included in the analysis. Problem descriptions were extracted, categorized, and organized into a problem list, and a problem system was constructed based on the emergency plan framework.

Results

The system identified 29 types of problems within China’s emergency response plans, encompassing the plan system, preparedness framework, risk assessment, operational foundation, and operational environment.

Conclusion

The developed problem system systematically presents existing issues and provides theoretical and practical references for improving emergency response plans and enhancing public health emergency response capacity.

Public health emergencies  /  Emergency response plan system structure  /  Problem system
李月圆, 吴洪涛, 成方宇, 王晓文, 王春平. 我国突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系的问题界定研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (21) : 4009 -4015 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507071
Yue-yuan LI, Hong-tao WU, Fang-yu CHENG, Xiao-wen WANG, Chun-ping WANG. Defining systemic issues in China’s public health emergency response plan system[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (21) : 4009 -4015 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507071
正文
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突发公共卫生事件因其高度不确定性与复杂性而难以预测，叠加其快速扩散的特点，极大地加剧了应对处置难度[1]。全球化趋势加剧了这类事件的频发性和广泛性，严重威胁到人民的生命安全、社会的稳定性和经济的持续发展[2]。《2022年世界卫生统计》显示，2010—2020年世界卫生组织正式通报的“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”数量较前十年增长三倍，且事件平均持续时间延长至18个月，这对各国的公共卫生应急管理体系提出了更高的要求[3]。突发公共卫生事件应急预案的制定旨在系统性地预防、及时控制并消除事件及其潜在危害，为各类突发公共卫生事件的应急处理提供科学指导与规范，从而最大限度地降低公众健康风险，切实保障民众的身心健康与生命安全[4]。
自2003年“非典”（SARS）事件以来，我国在突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系建设方面取得了显著成效[5]。国家层面出台了《国家突发公共卫生事件应急预案》，并逐步构建起以“一案三制”（应急预案、体制、机制和法制）为核心，覆盖国家、省、市、县四级的应急管理体系，极大地提升了我国应对突发事件的法制化与规范化水平。然而，2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫情的暴发与全球大流行，暴露出现有应急预案体系在应对突发公共卫生事件时仍存在诸多挑战[6]。例如，预案在跨区域、跨部门协同联动方面存在壁垒，信息共享与决策效率有待提升；预案的动态管理与更新机制未能完全适应病毒快速变异和疫情演化的新常态；基层社区的预案可操作性不强等问题凸显。因此，仍存在需进一步完善之处[7]。既有研究多聚焦于预案编制技术[8]或某一单一环节，缺乏对整个应急预案体系问题的系统性梳理与深入研究。因此，本研究通过对中英文数据库中2003—2024年的225篇相关文献进行系统分析，全面收集并梳理了当前突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系中存在的各类问题及其数量分布情况，进而构建了一个较为完整的问题系统。该问题系统不仅有助于科学预测特定时期内可能出现的问题，还为明确治理方向与重点、制定高价值政策提供了有力参考[9]，从而推动我国突发公共卫生事件应急管理体系的不断完善与持续发展。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　资料来源
1.1.1　文献检索
本研究主要通过以下途径收集资料：中文文献库以中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网作为文献来源，以“突发公共卫生事件”“应急预案”“应急预案体系”作为关键词进行检索。英文以Web of science、Pubmed、Elsevier文献库作为文献来源进行检索，以“public health emergency”“emergency plan”“Emergency response plan system”作为主题词。2003年SARS疫情是我国现代公共卫生应急管理体系建设的起点，标志着应急预案体系制度化进程的开端，因此将文献发表时间精准限定在2003—2024年这一区间内。经严谨检索与细致筛选，共检出相关文献3 171篇。
1.1.2　文献选择
本研究依据严格标准筛选文献。纳入文献需高度聚焦中国突发公共卫生事件（如重大传染病疫情、重大食物中毒等[10]）的应急预案体系，并深入探讨其“问题”。鉴于“问题”主题词检索灵敏度不足，本研究采用分步策略：先以“应急预案体系”为主题初检，再对全文进行人工精读，文章中有“问题”“缺陷”“不足”“挑战”“瓶颈”等负面表述，且给出具体描述或证据，且每条问题需被至少一篇高质量文献支持，则提取问题，同时使用边界分析验证饱和。具体流程为：多库检索共得3 171篇文献，经一系列纳入排除剔除重复、非学术及不符主题文献2 557篇；然后对614篇全文二次评估，最终纳入225篇。见图1。
1.1.3　文献信息提取
所有文献均赋予唯一编号以便管理引用。利用标准化数据提取表格，系统提取两部分关键信息：首先是文献基本信息，包括标题、出版时间、期刊、作者、研究方法、研究区域、资助情况、第一作者职称、所属机构类别与层级、合作单位等[9]。其次是问题摘录，逐篇审阅，对文献中涉及“问题”的具体描述进行原文摘录以保真。随后运用科学的归纳法，将分散问题提炼为高度概括性的描述。最终构建了综合的问题摘录信息库，为后续分析、揭示关键问题及制定策略提供支撑。
1.1.4　文献质量控制
文献检索过程中为确保检索式的科学性与精准性，实施了一项小规模的预评估策略。从初始检索结果中选取排序靠前的 30 篇文献作为样本进行深入评阅。这一评阅过程并非简单浏览，而是依据预先制定的严谨评价标准，对其与本研究主题的契合程度进行全面、细致的评估，最终确定了最为完整且准确的检索式。本研究最终纳入符合标准的文献225篇。在完成文献评阅任务后，为确保研究结果的可靠性和研究过程的严谨性，对评阅质量进行了严格的质量控制。评阅团队内部成员之间及时沟通、反馈和修正结果，以此确保评阅工作的高质量推进，同时保障研究进度不受影响。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　文献计量分析
运用文献计量学方法，对所收集的文献开展多维度的基本特征分析，旨在系统、全面地洞察该领域的研究现状与发展态势。具体而言，分析内容涵盖文献的数量、作者、发表年份以及期刊分布等多个关键层面。与此同时，为深入挖掘文献的内在价值，本研究采用内容分析法对文献内容进行深度剖析。该方法旨在精准提取文献中关于突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系问题的相关信息。通过深入分析问题之间的逻辑关系，将其归类到不同的主题类别之下，并进行系统的归纳总结与分类整理，以便更清晰地呈现研究脉络。
1.2.2　问题边界分析
使用边界分析法[11]验证应急预案体系问题的完备性。具体而言，以问题摘录信息库为基础，系统归纳梳理问题表述，确保问题独立无重叠，精确定义问题并统计数量，形成全面规范的问题清单。通过统计每篇文献涉及的问题数量及文献累计提出的问题总量，评估问题的饱和程度。以文献数量为横坐标，累积新问题数为纵坐标，绘制问题饱和曲线。当文献数量增加时，若新增问题数逐渐减少且曲线趋于平稳，表明该领域的问题已基本收集完备，突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系中存在的问题已接近穷尽[12]。
1.2.3　应急预案体系结构
本研究依据应急预案体系结构，对突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系中的问题进行了分类整理，构建了一个包含核心应急预案系统及其支撑要素的问题系统，形成了以应急预案系统为基点，辅以应急准备框架、风险评估、运行基础和运行环境的“1+4”系统架构[13]。该框架将作为后续问题归纳与分类的理论依据。
应急预案体系结构应用于突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系领域中，具体体现如下: 应急预案系统中包含编制、评估修订和管理更新三个部分；运行环境包括法律地位、指挥决策两个方面。应急准备框架包括了应急准备情景；风险评估包含支撑基础、脆弱性风险评估、能力评估；运行基础包括了宣传教育、培训演练、信息共享、物资协调四个部分。见图2。
1.3　统计分析
将检索到的文献导入Endnote 20进行初步筛选，依据标题、摘要、全文排除无关文献；随后，利用Excel 2024构建文献信息数据库，对文献全文进行系统信息提取。针对文献的基本特征，采用构成比进行统计描述，并借助SPSS 26.0进行数据分析；问题饱和曲线的绘制则使用Excel 2024完成，直观展示问题的饱和程度。
2　结果
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2.1　相关文献基本特征分析
通过文献计量分析发现，2003—2024年关于我国突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系问题相关文章的发文量呈现周期性。作者单位主要集中在各大医学院校公共卫生学院以及医疗卫生服务机构如医院、疾控中心等。发表的期刊涵盖了医学、管理学、法学等多个学科领域，共156个期刊，见表1。156个期刊中，排名前三的是《中国公共卫生管理》《中国公共卫生》《中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志》，分别为11、7和7篇，占总体4.89%、3.11%、3.11%。
2.2　问题清单
基于对225份相关文献的系统分析，归纳出29个与我国突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系相关的问题。如表2所示，其中应急预案系统问题13个，准备框架问题2个，风险评估问题3个，运行基础问题9个，运行环境问题2个。
2.3　问题边界分析
通过对文献中29类问题的边界分析，绘制了我国突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系的问题饱和曲线。问题饱和曲线中采用发表时间正序累加，按文献发表日期由早到晚排序，每新增一篇文献即统计其首次提出的问题，图3结果显示，当累积164篇时新增问题数稳定在29个，表明问题收集趋于饱和。基于225篇文献的分析，本研究已全面覆盖该领域的关键问题，为后续研究奠定了坚实的理论基础。
2.4　突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系问题系统
将上述29类问题按照应急预案体系结构进行梳理归类，形成我国突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系问题系统。突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系相关问题的内部系统按照“运行环境-风险评估-运行基础-准备框架—应急预案系统”的“1+4”逻辑关系相互作用和影响。见图4。
3　讨论
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本研究通过查阅和收集突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系相关文献，经过系统评阅，全面整理并记录其中涉及的问题表述，开展深入分析。结合应急预案体系结构，将我国突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系中存在的问题归纳为5大类、29种，全方位呈现该体系问题全貌，为优化和完善应急预案体系提供了重要参考。研究发现，突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系相关文献的发表具有明显的周期性，通常在重大突发公共卫生事件发生后呈现增长趋势，尤其是在2019冠状病毒病[14]暴发后，2020和2021年突发公共卫生事件应急预案相关研究成果显著增加，这一趋势与冯小军等人[15]的研究结果相一致。
基于2003—2024年文献分析，本研究揭示了我国突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系问题研究的现状：理论性研究占据主导地位，同时实证与综述等研究并存，呈现多元化态势；基金支持以省部级和国家级为主，但多数研究缺乏资助；研究主要由高校和医疗卫生服务机构承担，其他单位参与少，且多由单一单位完成，跨单位合作不足。因此，未来应加强实证研究，着力提升跨单位协同合作水平，鼓励多方参与，尤其是青年研究人员，并通过强化跨机构、跨学科协作与创新，推动该领域的深入发展。
众多研究者从不同方面深入探讨了突发公共卫生事件应急预案体系相关问题。邱五七等人[16]指出，我国突发公共卫生事件应急预案的编制缺乏相应的法律依据。多项研究指出，我国卫生应急工作目前缺乏规范可操作性强的应急预案[17-18]。王超男等[19]认为突发公共卫生事件的应急预案体系建设应实现动态管理。张培东等[20]提到应急预案的更新周期较长；韦余东等[21]指出在应急预案修订方面存在修订无明确时间界定的缺陷；Wang J等[22]通过一系列分析得出我国卫生应急管理评估研究开展较晚，评估体系存在缺陷，评估标准不规范，评估模型不稳定，过程评估缺乏重视。李宗刚等[23]则认为社会宣传和健康教育等方面仍然存在薄弱环节；有研究指出应急预案演练流于形式[24]，缺乏培训演练、培训演练形式单一[25]。Cao Y[26]指出，指挥决策系统的运行效率较低；总体而言，现有研究中相关问题呈现零散分布，缺乏系统性梳理。由于研究者的学科背景差异，对问题的整体认知存在偏差，导致部分处于学科交叉或边缘领域的问题易被忽视，关键问题可能因此遗漏。为弥补这一不足，本研究从系统视角出发，整合多学科观点，全面梳理该领域存在的问题，并采用边界分析法对问题的饱和度进行验证，力求提升问题识别的全面性，减少问题解决过程中的片面性与局限性。
在本研究梳理出的 29 类问题中，部分问题在实践中得到一定改善，如2024年《突发事件应急预案管理办法》[27]中指出专项应急预案、部门应急预案每三年至少进行一次演练。鼓励委托第三方专业机构进行应急预案演练评估,建立应急预案定期评估制度，这在一定程度上回应了 “培训演练制度不完善”“评估修订机制不健全” 等问题。但从整体来看，应急预案针对性与可操作性不足、各级体系缺乏统一标准等核心问题仍未得到根本解决。未来可从优化应急预案系统、提升风险评估能力、强化运行基础、完善运行环境等维度发力，通过制定全国统一的编制规范、加大科技支撑投入、推行实战化演练模式、加快相关立法进程等举措，系统性破解现存难题；同时进一步强化跨部门协同机制、加大资源保障力度，以此提升突发公共卫生事件应对的科学性与有效性，增强对各类公共卫生突发事件的防控与处置能力，切实保障公众健康和社会安全，助力构建更健全高效的公共卫生应急管理机制。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(71904103)
  • 山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022MG032)
  • 潍坊市科学技术局竞争性创新平台项目基金(2024JZ0011)
文献
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2025年第52卷第21期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507071
  • 接收时间：2025-07-07
  • 首发时间：2026-10-29
  • 出版时间：2025-11-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-07-07
基金
国家自然科学基金(71904103)
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022MG032)
潍坊市科学技术局竞争性创新平台项目基金(2024JZ0011)
作者信息
    1.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院，山东　潍坊　261053
    2.中国疾病预防控制中心（中国预防医学科学院）卫生应急中心，传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室

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王春平，E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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