Article(id=1322608136687571011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505329, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748016000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793263952657, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1762704000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793263952657, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793263952657, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793263952657, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322608013010120712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='21', pageStart='3841', pageEnd='4032', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1762704000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793263923169, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793264266929, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322609454932149086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322609454932149087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3968, endPage=3976, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322608137035698244, articleId=1322608136687571011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Systematic review and meta-analysis of global real-world evidence: cross-country comparison of the economic burden in patients with multimorbidity, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To assess the economic burden of multimorbidity and complex multimorbidity, focusing on cost variations across medical insurance system, synergistic cost effects of multimorbidity clusters, and expenditure patterns among older versus non-older adults, thereby providing evidence to optimize disease management, health resource allocation, and targeted interventions for high-risk populations.
Methods Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines, CNKI, WanFang Data, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science,Scopus, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for studies on the economic burden of multimorbidity until July 2024. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 18.0.
Results A total of 27 studies with 13 266 248 participants were included. Patients with multimorbidity had significantly higher annual per capita costs across all categories compared to those with a single condition. Healthcare costs (Total: SMD=0.34, 95% CI: 0.08-0.60; Out-of-pocket: SMD=0.36, 95% CI: 0.11-0.60), hospitalization costs (Total: SMD=0.36, 95% CI: 0.20-0.51; Out-of-pocket SMD=0.20, 95% CI: 0.02-0.39), and outpatient costs (Total: SMD=0.34, 95% CI:-0.02-0.70; Out-of-pocket: SMD=0.20, 95% CI: 0.04-0.36). Costs were also higher for ≥4 conditions than for ≥2.Geographically, total costs were higher in the US and the Eurozone than in mainland China and Singapore. The cost increase effect was highest in the US (SMD=0.38, 95% CI: 0.36-0.40), followed by Eurozone (SMD=0.26, 95% CI: 0.21-0.30) and China (SMD=0.26, 95% CI: 0.12-0.40), with significant subgroup differences (P<0.001). Costs varied by multimorbidity patterns (e.g., higher for diabetes/hypertension), severity (positively correlated with cumulative illness scores and CCI), and age (higher in adults ≥65 years).
Conclusion Multimorbidity imposes a significant economic burden with regional and group variations. Optimized disease management, improved health insurance coverage, and targeted health policies to reduce the burden are urgently needed. Future studies should focus on economic impacts of specific multimorbidity patterns to develop precise interventions.
, authors=Zi-han ZHOU
1, Li YAO
2, Jia-jia YIN
1, Ting-rui WANG
1, Qin-qin LI
1, Yan LIU
1, authorsList=Zi-han ZHOU, Li YAO, Jia-jia YIN, Ting-rui WANG, Qin-qin LI, Yan LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Li YAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322608139938156619, articleId=1322608136687571011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=全球真实世界证据的系统评价与Meta分析——多重慢病患者经济负担的跨国比较, columnId=1228016568014139551, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=卫生政策与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 评估多重及复杂多重慢病的经济负担,重点分析不同医疗保障体系下的费用差异、共病组合的协同成本效应,以及老年与非老年人群的费用增长模式。为优化疾病管理、卫生资源配置与高危人群干预策略提供证据支持。
方法 遵循Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRiSMA)和Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology(MOOSE)指南,系统检索中、外数据库CNKI、WanFang Date、SinoMed、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Scopus和Cochrane Library中收录的有关多重慢病经济负担的研究,检索建库至2024年7月。由二名研究者独立筛选文献、提取数据,使用Review Manager 5.4和Stata 18.0软件进行meta分析。
结果 共纳入27篇文献,样本量13 266 248人。结果显示,≥2种慢病患者各项年人均费用均显著高于单一慢病患者,医疗保健费用总SMD=0.34(95% CI:0.08~0.60)、自付SMD=0.36(95% CI:0.11~0.60),住院费用总SMD=0.36(95% CI:0.20~0.51)、自付SMD=0.20(95% CI:0.02~0.39),门诊费用总SMD=0.34(95% CI:-0.02~0.70)、自付SMD=0.20(95% CI:0.04~0.36)。≥4种慢病者费用亦显著高于≥2种者。地区分析显示美国、欧元区总费用普遍高于中国大陆、新加坡;总费用增长效应表现为美国(SMD=0.38,95% CI:0.36~0.40)>欧元区(SMD=0.26,95% CI:0.21~0.30)≈中国(SMD=0.26,95% CI:0.12~0.40),且亚组间差异显著(P<0.001)。此外,医疗费用在疾病模式(如糖尿病/高血压共病费用更高)、严重程度(与累积多病评分、Charlson指数正相关)及年龄组(≥65岁老年患者费用较高)间差异显著。
结论 多重慢病经济负担显著,存在地域与人群差异。亟需优化疾病管理、完善医疗保障并制定针对性卫生政策以减轻负担。未来研究应聚焦不同共病模式的经济负担,开发精准干预措施。
, authors=周梓涵
1, 姚丽
2, 尹佳佳
1, 王庭瑞
1, 李钦钦
1, 刘焱
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周梓涵(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:慢性病护理与管理
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本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=4QIV8pd040k5FaI7k+Imbw==, magXml=rgslCKKn88ii6rVD4qsj1g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=G+os0vqBpTSDBemI8R1pbQ==, pdfFileSize=1079911, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=jtr47AlAgU6QeIssBZ23gg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=2X9THzbVTwWzxpuYtuvq3w==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322608140378558546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608136687571011, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322608140462444628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608136687571011, authorId=1322608140378558546, language=EN, stringName=Zi-han ZHOU, firstName=Zi-han, middleName=null, lastName=ZHOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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BMC Public Health,
2025,
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2.贵州医科大学附属医院呼吸与危重症医学科,贵州 贵阳 550004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322608144874852473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608136687571011, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=
Data standardization flowchart, figureFileSmall=dKN2toVXDm+ohb/gvvJsDg==, figureFileBig=jtr47AlAgU6QeIssBZ23gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608144962932858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608136687571011, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
数据标准化流程图, figureFileSmall=dKN2toVXDm+ohb/gvvJsDg==, figureFileBig=jtr47AlAgU6QeIssBZ23gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608145130705019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608136687571011, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Flowchart of literature screening, figureFileSmall=kiLGQSUMKSkL7beMRssRXg==, figureFileBig=eKNQis6EESl3k2hkh0OoNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608145202008188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608136687571011, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
文献筛选流程图, figureFileSmall=kiLGQSUMKSkL7beMRssRXg==, figureFileBig=eKNQis6EESl3k2hkh0OoNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608145264922749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608136687571011, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Funnel plot of publication bias in prevalence of multimorbidity, figureFileSmall=K/R+vd9cRSzRoBql2LBeUg==, figureFileBig=c2QroWLmsiV0aEf+y6z6zQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608145353003134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608136687571011, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
多重慢病患病率发表偏倚漏斗图, figureFileSmall=K/R+vd9cRSzRoBql2LBeUg==, figureFileBig=c2QroWLmsiV0aEf+y6z6zQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608145474637951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608136687571011, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Search strategies of PubMed databases
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| 序号 | 检索策略 |
|---|
| #1 | (“Multimorbidity”[Mesh] OR multimorbidity[Title] OR comorbidity[Title] OR“Multiple Chronic Diseases”[Title] OR“Multiple Chronic Illnesses”[Title] OR “Multiple Chronic Health Conditions”[Title]) |
| #2 | (“Health Expenditures”[Mesh] OR cost*[Title] OR financ*[Title] OR economic*[Title] OR expenditure*[Title] OR expense*[Title] OR spend*[Title] OR payment*[Title]) |
| #3 | #1 AND #2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322608145550135424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608136687571011, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
PubMed数据库检索策略
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| 序号 | 检索策略 |
|---|
| #1 | (“Multimorbidity”[Mesh] OR multimorbidity[Title] OR comorbidity[Title] OR“Multiple Chronic Diseases”[Title] OR“Multiple Chronic Illnesses”[Title] OR “Multiple Chronic Health Conditions”[Title]) |
| #2 | (“Health Expenditures”[Mesh] OR cost*[Title] OR financ*[Title] OR economic*[Title] OR expenditure*[Title] OR expense*[Title] OR spend*[Title] OR payment*[Title]) |
| #3 | #1 AND #2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322608145634021505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608136687571011, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Basic characteristics and quality evaluation of the included studies
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| 第一作者/年份 | 调查时间 (年) | 地区 | 年龄(岁) (人群) | 样本/数据来源 | 样本量 | 研究设计 | 多病诊断标准 | ≥2CC/NCD% | ≥4CC% | 质量评分 |
|---|
| 卢延晴2024[13] | 2018 | 中国 | ≥65(社区) | CLHLS2018 | 7 483 | A | ≥2CC | 38.11 | 10.78 | 7 |
| 李潇2020[14] | 2016—2017 | 中国 | ≥60(农村) | 档案记录+体检 | 4 833 | A | ≥2CC | 16.06 | 0.21 | 9 |
| 金琇泽2019[15] | 2015 | 中国 | ≥60(社区) | CHARLS 2015 | 5 265 | A | ≥2CC | 44.46 | 11.15 | 7 |
| Mei—ju Chi 2011[16] | 2001 | 中国台湾 | ≥50(社区) | NLCE/HIC | 221 256 | A | ≥2CC | 27.33 | 3.85 | 7 |
| 范潇茹2022[17] | 2018 | 中国 | ≥45(社区) | CHARLS 2018 | 16 674 | A | ≥2CC | 57.34 | 22.11 | 8 |
| Puxian Peng 2023[18] | 2018 | 中国 | ≥35(社区) | NHSS 2018 | 11 304 | A | ≥2CC | 10.12 | NR | 9 |
| Nancy E.Schoenberg,PhD 2007[19] | 2002 | 美国 | ≥65(社区) | HRS(1998,2002) | 8 180 | B | ≥2CC | 70.81 | 19.82 | 8 |
| Jennifer L Wolff 2002[20] | 1999 | 美国 | ≥65(社区) | CMS | 1 217 103 | A | ≥2CC | 64.70 | 24.10 | 8 |
| Nicholas K. Schiltz 2022[21] | 2016—2019 | 美国 | ≥18(社区) | MEPS(2016—2019) | 89 947 | A | ≥2CC | 32.90 | 12.30 | 9 |
| Wenjun Zhong 2015[22] | 2004—2007 | 美国 | 0~17(社区) | Mayo Clinic | 14 727 | B | ≥2CC | 17.04 | 2.50 | 8 |
| Anup Karan 2022[23] | 2017—2018 | 印度 | ≥40(社区) | NSSO(2017—2018) | 37 202 | A | ≥2NCD | 4.57 | NR | 6 |
| Sanghamitra Pati 2014[24] | 2007 | 印度 | ≥18(社区) | SAGE | 10 973 | A | ≥2NCD | 8.90 | NR | 10 |
| Mahendra M.Reddy 2022[25] | 2019—2021 | 印度 | ≥18(农村) | GHDSS | 75 037 | A | ≥2NCD | 1.81 | NR | 7 |
| Sharon Walsh 2023[26] | 2009—2011 | 爱尔兰 | ≥50(社区) | TILDA(first wave) | 8 447 | A | ≥2CC | 51.40 | 15.39 | 7 |
| Umesh T Kadam 2013[27] | 2007—2009 | 英国 | ≥40(社区) | 住院病历 | 60 660 | A | ≥2CC | 33.36 | NR | 6 |
| Phuong Bich Tran 2024[28] | 2017—2020 | 比利时 | ≥15(社区) | BHIS(2018)/IMA | 9 753 | C | ≥2CC | 48.01 | 21.00 | 6 |
| Juan F.Orueta 2014[29] | 2011 | 西班牙 | ≥0(社区) | PREST | 2 262 698 | A | ≥2CC | 23.61 | 7.75 | 6 |
| Louisa Picco 2 016[30] | 2012—2013 | 新加坡 | ≥60(社区) | WiSE | 2 565 | A | ≥2CC | 55.36 | NR | 9 |
| 刘梦竹2021[31] | 2016—2020 | 中国 | 5~98(住院) | 住院病历 | 2 385 | A | ≥2CC | 93.08 | 70.82 | 8 |
| 于建星2022[32] | 2019 | 中国 | >0(住院) | 住院病历 | 397 787 | A | ≥2SD | 74.72 | 16.02 | 7 |
| Yun Wu 2022[33] | 2018 | 中国 | ≥45(慢病患者) | CHARLS 2018 | 12 458 | A | ≥2CC | 66.50 | 21.52 | 7 |
| Cother Hajat 2020[34] | 2015 | 美国 | ≥18(慢病患者) | IBM MarketScan | 1 878 951 | A | ≥2CC | 49.55 | NR | 8 |
| Shu Yun Tan 2021[35] | 2015—2017 | 新加坡 | ≥21(慢病患者) | NHGP | 254 377 | B | ≥2CC | 85.15 | 36.33 | 6 |
| Kednapa Thavorn 2017[36] | 2009—2010 | 加拿大 | >0(慢病患者) | DAD/OHIP | 6 639 089 | B | ≥2CC | 47.80 | 11.30 | 8 |
| Abdulkarim M. Meraya 2015[37] | 2011 | 美国 | ≥21(多病患者) | MEPS(2009,2011) | 9 296 | A | ≥2CC | NR | NR | 7 |
| Mary Charlson,MD 2007[38] | 1993 | 美国 | 住院患者 | 住院病历 | 5 861 | B | CCI | NR | NR | 8 |
| A Nagl 2012[39] | 2010 | 德国 | ≥72(多病患者) | PRISCUS trial | 1 937 | A | MCI | NR | NR | 7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322608145726296194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608136687571011, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
纳入研究的基本特征与质量评价
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| 第一作者/年份 | 调查时间 (年) | 地区 | 年龄(岁) (人群) | 样本/数据来源 | 样本量 | 研究设计 | 多病诊断标准 | ≥2CC/NCD% | ≥4CC% | 质量评分 |
|---|
| 卢延晴2024[13] | 2018 | 中国 | ≥65(社区) | CLHLS2018 | 7 483 | A | ≥2CC | 38.11 | 10.78 | 7 |
| 李潇2020[14] | 2016—2017 | 中国 | ≥60(农村) | 档案记录+体检 | 4 833 | A | ≥2CC | 16.06 | 0.21 | 9 |
| 金琇泽2019[15] | 2015 | 中国 | ≥60(社区) | CHARLS 2015 | 5 265 | A | ≥2CC | 44.46 | 11.15 | 7 |
| Mei—ju Chi 2011[16] | 2001 | 中国台湾 | ≥50(社区) | NLCE/HIC | 221 256 | A | ≥2CC | 27.33 | 3.85 | 7 |
| 范潇茹2022[17] | 2018 | 中国 | ≥45(社区) | CHARLS 2018 | 16 674 | A | ≥2CC | 57.34 | 22.11 | 8 |
| Puxian Peng 2023[18] | 2018 | 中国 | ≥35(社区) | NHSS 2018 | 11 304 | A | ≥2CC | 10.12 | NR | 9 |
| Nancy E.Schoenberg,PhD 2007[19] | 2002 | 美国 | ≥65(社区) | HRS(1998,2002) | 8 180 | B | ≥2CC | 70.81 | 19.82 | 8 |
| Jennifer L Wolff 2002[20] | 1999 | 美国 | ≥65(社区) | CMS | 1 217 103 | A | ≥2CC | 64.70 | 24.10 | 8 |
| Nicholas K. Schiltz 2022[21] | 2016—2019 | 美国 | ≥18(社区) | MEPS(2016—2019) | 89 947 | A | ≥2CC | 32.90 | 12.30 | 9 |
| Wenjun Zhong 2015[22] | 2004—2007 | 美国 | 0~17(社区) | Mayo Clinic | 14 727 | B | ≥2CC | 17.04 | 2.50 | 8 |
| Anup Karan 2022[23] | 2017—2018 | 印度 | ≥40(社区) | NSSO(2017—2018) | 37 202 | A | ≥2NCD | 4.57 | NR | 6 |
| Sanghamitra Pati 2014[24] | 2007 | 印度 | ≥18(社区) | SAGE | 10 973 | A | ≥2NCD | 8.90 | NR | 10 |
| Mahendra M.Reddy 2022[25] | 2019—2021 | 印度 | ≥18(农村) | GHDSS | 75 037 | A | ≥2NCD | 1.81 | NR | 7 |
| Sharon Walsh 2023[26] | 2009—2011 | 爱尔兰 | ≥50(社区) | TILDA(first wave) | 8 447 | A | ≥2CC | 51.40 | 15.39 | 7 |
| Umesh T Kadam 2013[27] | 2007—2009 | 英国 | ≥40(社区) | 住院病历 | 60 660 | A | ≥2CC | 33.36 | NR | 6 |
| Phuong Bich Tran 2024[28] | 2017—2020 | 比利时 | ≥15(社区) | BHIS(2018)/IMA | 9 753 | C | ≥2CC | 48.01 | 21.00 | 6 |
| Juan F.Orueta 2014[29] | 2011 | 西班牙 | ≥0(社区) | PREST | 2 262 698 | A | ≥2CC | 23.61 | 7.75 | 6 |
| Louisa Picco 2 016[30] | 2012—2013 | 新加坡 | ≥60(社区) | WiSE | 2 565 | A | ≥2CC | 55.36 | NR | 9 |
| 刘梦竹2021[31] | 2016—2020 | 中国 | 5~98(住院) | 住院病历 | 2 385 | A | ≥2CC | 93.08 | 70.82 | 8 |
| 于建星2022[32] | 2019 | 中国 | >0(住院) | 住院病历 | 397 787 | A | ≥2SD | 74.72 | 16.02 | 7 |
| Yun Wu 2022[33] | 2018 | 中国 | ≥45(慢病患者) | CHARLS 2018 | 12 458 | A | ≥2CC | 66.50 | 21.52 | 7 |
| Cother Hajat 2020[34] | 2015 | 美国 | ≥18(慢病患者) | IBM MarketScan | 1 878 951 | A | ≥2CC | 49.55 | NR | 8 |
| Shu Yun Tan 2021[35] | 2015—2017 | 新加坡 | ≥21(慢病患者) | NHGP | 254 377 | B | ≥2CC | 85.15 | 36.33 | 6 |
| Kednapa Thavorn 2017[36] | 2009—2010 | 加拿大 | >0(慢病患者) | DAD/OHIP | 6 639 089 | B | ≥2CC | 47.80 | 11.30 | 8 |
| Abdulkarim M. Meraya 2015[37] | 2011 | 美国 | ≥21(多病患者) | MEPS(2009,2011) | 9 296 | A | ≥2CC | NR | NR | 7 |
| Mary Charlson,MD 2007[38] | 1993 | 美国 | 住院患者 | 住院病历 | 5 861 | B | CCI | NR | NR | 8 |
| A Nagl 2012[39] | 2010 | 德国 | ≥72(多病患者) | PRISCUS trial | 1 937 | A | MCI | NR | NR | 7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322608145822765187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608136687571011, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Subgroup analysis of the prevalence of multimorbidity in the included studies
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| 亚组 | 纳入研究数 | 异质性检验 | 效应模型 | meta分析结果 | 组间差异 |
|---|
| I2(%) | P值 | PPM(%) | 95% CI | Z | P值 | I2 (%)/ P值 |
|---|
| 人群类型 | 24[13-36] | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 42.61 | 33.85,51.37 | 9.54 | <0.001 | 100.0/<0.001 |
| 社区人群 | 16[13,15-24,26-30] | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 36.75 | 24.64,48.86 | 5.95 | <0.001 | |
| 农村人群 | 2[14,25] | 99.9 | <0.001 | 随机 | 8.92 | -5.04,22.88 | 1.25 | 0.210 | |
| 慢性病患者 | 4[33-36] | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 62.25 | 49.26,75.24 | 9.39 | <0.001 | |
| 住院人群 | 2[31-32] | 99.9 | <0.001 | 随机 | 83.89 | 65.90,101.89 | 9.14 | <0.001 | |
| 社区人群年龄(岁) | | | | | | | | | 100.0/<0.001 |
| 年龄≥0 | 1[29] | N | N | 随机 | 23.61 | 23.55,23.67 | 836.26 | <0.001 | |
| 儿童(0~17) | 1[22] | N | N | 随机 | 17.04 | 16.43,17.64 | 54.99 | <0.001 | |
| 青少年和成人(≥15 ≥18) | 3[21,24,28] | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 29.93 | 10.84,49.03 | 3.07 | 0.002 | |
| 中老年人(≥35 ≥40 ≥50) | 6[16-18,23,26-27] | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 30.68 | 17.36,44.01 | 4.51 | <0.001 | |
| 老年人(≥60 ≥65) | 5[13-15,19-20,30] | 99.9 | <0.001 | 随机 | 54.70 | 43.47,65.92 | 9.55 | <0.001 | |
| 社区人群地区 | | | | | | | | | 100.0/<0.001 |
| 中国 | 5[13,15-18] | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 35.47 | 21.60,49.34 | 5.01 | <0.001 | |
| 美国 | 4[19-22] | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 46.36 | 22.65,70.07 | 3.83 | <0.001 | |
| 印度 | 2[23-24] | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 6.73 | 2.48,10.98 | 3.11 | 0.002 | |
| 欧元区 | 4[26-29] | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 39.08 | 28.85,49.32 | 7.48 | <0.001 | |
| 新加坡 | 1[30] | N | N | 随机 | 55.36 | 53.44,57.28 | 56.40 | <0.001 | |
), ArticleFig(id=1322608145898262660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608136687571011, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
纳入研究的多重慢病患病率亚组分析
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| 亚组 | 纳入研究数 | 异质性检验 | 效应模型 | meta分析结果 | 组间差异 |
|---|
| I2(%) | P值 | PPM(%) | 95% CI | Z | P值 | I2 (%)/ P值 |
|---|
| 人群类型 | 24[13-36] | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 42.61 | 33.85,51.37 | 9.54 | <0.001 | 100.0/<0.001 |
| 社区人群 | 16[13,15-24,26-30] | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 36.75 | 24.64,48.86 | 5.95 | <0.001 | |
| 农村人群 | 2[14,25] | 99.9 | <0.001 | 随机 | 8.92 | -5.04,22.88 | 1.25 | 0.210 | |
| 慢性病患者 | 4[33-36] | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 62.25 | 49.26,75.24 | 9.39 | <0.001 | |
| 住院人群 | 2[31-32] | 99.9 | <0.001 | 随机 | 83.89 | 65.90,101.89 | 9.14 | <0.001 | |
| 社区人群年龄(岁) | | | | | | | | | 100.0/<0.001 |
| 年龄≥0 | 1[29] | N | N | 随机 | 23.61 | 23.55,23.67 | 836.26 | <0.001 | |
| 儿童(0~17) | 1[22] | N | N | 随机 | 17.04 | 16.43,17.64 | 54.99 | <0.001 | |
| 青少年和成人(≥15 ≥18) | 3[21,24,28] | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 29.93 | 10.84,49.03 | 3.07 | 0.002 | |
| 中老年人(≥35 ≥40 ≥50) | 6[16-18,23,26-27] | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 30.68 | 17.36,44.01 | 4.51 | <0.001 | |
| 老年人(≥60 ≥65) | 5[13-15,19-20,30] | 99.9 | <0.001 | 随机 | 54.70 | 43.47,65.92 | 9.55 | <0.001 | |
| 社区人群地区 | | | | | | | | | 100.0/<0.001 |
| 中国 | 5[13,15-18] | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 35.47 | 21.60,49.34 | 5.01 | <0.001 | |
| 美国 | 4[19-22] | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 46.36 | 22.65,70.07 | 3.83 | <0.001 | |
| 印度 | 2[23-24] | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 6.73 | 2.48,10.98 | 3.11 | 0.002 | |
| 欧元区 | 4[26-29] | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 39.08 | 28.85,49.32 | 7.48 | <0.001 | |
| 新加坡 | 1[30] | N | N | 随机 | 55.36 | 53.44,57.28 | 56.40 | <0.001 | |
), ArticleFig(id=1322608145982148741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608136687571011, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Distribution of cost components by number of chronic conditions and regional comparisons (standardized data)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
医疗成本类型 (年人均) | 慢病数量 (种) | 报告研究数量 | 范围(元) | 均值(元) | 地区费用对比(元) |
|---|
| 报告研究数量 | 地区 | 范围(元) | 均值(元) |
|---|
| 医疗保健总费用 | 1 | 11[15-16,20-22,26,28-30,33,35] | 117.27~44 262.24 | 12 296.51 | 3[20-22] | 美国 | 18 175.50~44 262.24 | 20 382.97 |
| | | | | 1[16] | 中国台湾 | — | 13 541.96 |
| | | | | 3[26,28-29] | 欧元区 | 8 394.75~19 284.58 | 8 803.33 |
| | | | | 2[30,35] | 新加坡 | 2 735.68~21 968.92 | 3 081.69 |
| | | | | 2[15,33] | 中国大陆 | 117.27~4 007.74 | 2 677.07 |
| ≥2 | 13[15-16,18,20-22,26,28,30,33-35,37] | 1 410.37~116 235.00 | 98 136.66 | 5[20-22,34,37] | 美国 | 78 336.72~116 235.00 | 112 705.90 |
| | | | | 2[26,28] | 欧元区 | 15 058.89~44 617.23 | 30 394.90 |
| | | | | 1[16] | 中国台湾 | — | 28 285.12 |
| | | | | 3[15,18,33] | 中国大陆 | 1 410.37~11 334.18 | 7 169.30 |
| | | | | 2[30,35] | 新加坡 | 5 864.08~40 935.38 | 6 092.50 |
| ≥4 | 10[15-16,20-22,26,28,33-35] | 2 556.74~241 739.09 | 142 912.22 | 4[20-22,34] | 美国 | 92 497.68~241 739.09 | 160 086.10 |
| | | | | 1[16] | 中国台湾 | — | 50 786.13 |
| | | | | 2[26,28] | 欧元区 | 22 320.74~61 753.37 | 46 442.01 |
| | | | | 2[15,33] | 中国大陆 | 2 556.74~13 381.62 | 9 967.22 |
| | | | | 1[35] | 新加坡 | — | 7 534.99 |
| 医疗保健自付费用 | 1 | 3[19,21,25] | 909.00~34 602.84 | 6 056.83 | 2[19,21] | 美国 | 5 570.40~34 602.84 | 8 080.45 |
| | | | | 1[25] | 印度 | — | 909.00 |
| ≥2 | 3[19,21,25] | 2 070.00~58 374.14 | 15 043.12 | 2[19,21] | 美国 | 7 834.31~58 374.14 | 15 536.95 |
| | | | | 1[25] | 印度 | — | 2 070.00 |
| ≥4 | 2[19,21] | 8 754.24~69 086.59 | 15 341.78 | 2[19,21] | 美国 | 8 754.24~69 086.59 | 15 341.78 |
| 住院费用 | 1 | 4[13,17,31-32] | 6 032.17~13 527.01 | 13 124.46 | 4[13,17,31-32] | 中国大陆 | 6 032.17~13 527.01 | 13 124.46 |
| ≥2 | 6[13,17-18,31-32,34] | 4 431.88~19 448.88 | 18 754.20 | 1[34] | 美国 | — | 19 448.88 |
| | | | | 5[13,17-18,31-32] | 中国大陆 | 4 431.88~17 219.27 | 16 819.78 |
| ≥4 | 5[13,17,31-32,34] | 10 865.36~29 760.28 | 28 338.97 | 1[34] | 美国 | — | 29 760.28 |
| | | | | 4[13,17,31-32] | 中国大陆 | 10 865.36~18 711.00 | 18 121.12 |
| 住院自付费用 | 1 | 4[13,17,23-24] | 1 506.49~3 966.20 | 3 574.83 | 2[23-24] | 印度 | 1 506.49~3 966.20 | 3 691.75 |
| | | | | 2[13,17] | 中国大陆 | 3 087.05~3 282.92 | 3 210.40 |
| ≥2 | 4[13,17,23-24] | 1 606.29~4 794.3 | 4 442.59 | 2[23-24] | 印度 | 1 606.29~4 794.30 | 4 936.00 |
| | | | | 2[13,17] | 中国大陆 | 4 506.45~4 565.74 | 4 552.42 |
| ≥4 | 2[13,17] | 4 787.99~5 377.46 | 4 893.87 | 2[13,17] | 中国大陆 | 4 787.99~5 377.46 | 4 893.87 |
| 门诊费用 | 1 | 2[13,17] | 496.77~1 348.37 | 812.08 | 2[13,17] | 中国大陆 | 496.77~1 348.37 | 812.08 |
| ≥2 | 3[13,17,34] | 616.42~26 408.80 | 26 145.14 | 1[34] | 美国 | — | 26 408.80 |
| | | | | 2[13,17] | 中国大陆 | 616.42~3 278.67 | 1 228.10 |
| ≥4 | 3[13,17,34] | 722.30~29 760.32 | 29 511.43 | 1[34] | 美国 | — | 29 760.32 |
| | | | | 2[13,17] | 中国大陆 | 722.30~5 966.66 | 1 664.25 |
| 门诊自付费用 | 1 | 3[13,17,24] | 78.49~1 029.02 | 462.10 | 2[13,17] | 中国大陆 | 340.64~1 029.02 | 595.51 |
| | | | | 1[24] | 印度 | — | 78.49 |
| ≥2 | 3[13,17,24] | 99.90~1 684.09 | 690.13 | 2[13,17] | 中国大陆 | 454.26~1 684.09 | 736.82 |
| | | | | 1[24] | 印度 | — | 99.90 |
| ≥4 | 2[13,17] | 710.54~1 667.72 | 894.48 | 2[13,17] | 中国大陆 | 710.54~1 667.72 | 894.48 |
| 药费 | 1 | 2[31-32] | 1 450.69~3 746.36 | 3 742.60 | 2[31-32] | 中国大陆 | 1 450.69~3 746.36 | 3 742.60 |
| ≥2 | 2[31-32] | 2 820.96~4 686.43 | 4 672.60 | 2[31-32] | 中国大陆 | 2 820.96~4 686.43 | 4 672.60 |
| ≥4 | 1[32] | — | 5 326.40 | 1[32] | 中国大陆 | — | 5 326.40 |
| 检查费 | 1 | 2[31-32] | 863.82~1 357.04 | 864.63 | 2[31-32] | 中国大陆 | 863.82~1 357.04 | 864.63 |
| ≥2 | 2[31-32] | 1 196.55~2 210.94 | 1 204.07 | 2[31-32] | 中国大陆 | 1 196.55~2 210.94 | 1 204.07 |
| ≥4 | 1[32] | — | 1 353.43 | 1[32] | 中国大陆 | — | 1 353.43 |
| 床位费 | 1 | 2[31-32] | 426.20~735.19 | 426.71 | 2[31-32] | 中国大陆 | 426.20~735.19 | 426.71 |
| ≥2 | 2[31-32] | 500.31~980.26 | 503.87 | 2[31-32] | 中国大陆 | 500.31~980.26 | 503.87 |
| ≥4 | 1[32] | — | 539.50 | 1[32] | 中国大陆 | — | 539.50 |
| 护理费 | 1 | 2[31-32] | 89.86~281.70 | 281.39 | 2[31-32] | 中国大陆 | 89.86~281.70 | 281.39 |
| ≥2 | 2[31-32] | 200.14~356.76 | 355.60 | 2[31-32] | 中国大陆 | 200.14~356.76 | 355.60 |
| ≥4 | 1[32] | — | 423.08 | 1[32] | 中国大陆 | — | 423.08 |
| 手术费 | 1 | 1[32] | | 1 768.19 | 1[32] | 中国大陆 | | 1 768.19 |
| ≥2 | 1[32] | | 904.93 | 1[32] | 中国大陆 | | 904.93 |
| ≥4 | 1[32] | — | 744.28 | 1[32] | 中国大陆 | — | 744.28 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322608146066034822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608136687571011, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
不同慢性病数量下的各项费用分布及地区对比(标准化数据)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
医疗成本类型 (年人均) | 慢病数量 (种) | 报告研究数量 | 范围(元) | 均值(元) | 地区费用对比(元) |
|---|
| 报告研究数量 | 地区 | 范围(元) | 均值(元) |
|---|
| 医疗保健总费用 | 1 | 11[15-16,20-22,26,28-30,33,35] | 117.27~44 262.24 | 12 296.51 | 3[20-22] | 美国 | 18 175.50~44 262.24 | 20 382.97 |
| | | | | 1[16] | 中国台湾 | — | 13 541.96 |
| | | | | 3[26,28-29] | 欧元区 | 8 394.75~19 284.58 | 8 803.33 |
| | | | | 2[30,35] | 新加坡 | 2 735.68~21 968.92 | 3 081.69 |
| | | | | 2[15,33] | 中国大陆 | 117.27~4 007.74 | 2 677.07 |
| ≥2 | 13[15-16,18,20-22,26,28,30,33-35,37] | 1 410.37~116 235.00 | 98 136.66 | 5[20-22,34,37] | 美国 | 78 336.72~116 235.00 | 112 705.90 |
| | | | | 2[26,28] | 欧元区 | 15 058.89~44 617.23 | 30 394.90 |
| | | | | 1[16] | 中国台湾 | — | 28 285.12 |
| | | | | 3[15,18,33] | 中国大陆 | 1 410.37~11 334.18 | 7 169.30 |
| | | | | 2[30,35] | 新加坡 | 5 864.08~40 935.38 | 6 092.50 |
| ≥4 | 10[15-16,20-22,26,28,33-35] | 2 556.74~241 739.09 | 142 912.22 | 4[20-22,34] | 美国 | 92 497.68~241 739.09 | 160 086.10 |
| | | | | 1[16] | 中国台湾 | — | 50 786.13 |
| | | | | 2[26,28] | 欧元区 | 22 320.74~61 753.37 | 46 442.01 |
| | | | | 2[15,33] | 中国大陆 | 2 556.74~13 381.62 | 9 967.22 |
| | | | | 1[35] | 新加坡 | — | 7 534.99 |
| 医疗保健自付费用 | 1 | 3[19,21,25] | 909.00~34 602.84 | 6 056.83 | 2[19,21] | 美国 | 5 570.40~34 602.84 | 8 080.45 |
| | | | | 1[25] | 印度 | — | 909.00 |
| ≥2 | 3[19,21,25] | 2 070.00~58 374.14 | 15 043.12 | 2[19,21] | 美国 | 7 834.31~58 374.14 | 15 536.95 |
| | | | | 1[25] | 印度 | — | 2 070.00 |
| ≥4 | 2[19,21] | 8 754.24~69 086.59 | 15 341.78 | 2[19,21] | 美国 | 8 754.24~69 086.59 | 15 341.78 |
| 住院费用 | 1 | 4[13,17,31-32] | 6 032.17~13 527.01 | 13 124.46 | 4[13,17,31-32] | 中国大陆 | 6 032.17~13 527.01 | 13 124.46 |
| ≥2 | 6[13,17-18,31-32,34] | 4 431.88~19 448.88 | 18 754.20 | 1[34] | 美国 | — | 19 448.88 |
| | | | | 5[13,17-18,31-32] | 中国大陆 | 4 431.88~17 219.27 | 16 819.78 |
| ≥4 | 5[13,17,31-32,34] | 10 865.36~29 760.28 | 28 338.97 | 1[34] | 美国 | — | 29 760.28 |
| | | | | 4[13,17,31-32] | 中国大陆 | 10 865.36~18 711.00 | 18 121.12 |
| 住院自付费用 | 1 | 4[13,17,23-24] | 1 506.49~3 966.20 | 3 574.83 | 2[23-24] | 印度 | 1 506.49~3 966.20 | 3 691.75 |
| | | | | 2[13,17] | 中国大陆 | 3 087.05~3 282.92 | 3 210.40 |
| ≥2 | 4[13,17,23-24] | 1 606.29~4 794.3 | 4 442.59 | 2[23-24] | 印度 | 1 606.29~4 794.30 | 4 936.00 |
| | | | | 2[13,17] | 中国大陆 | 4 506.45~4 565.74 | 4 552.42 |
| ≥4 | 2[13,17] | 4 787.99~5 377.46 | 4 893.87 | 2[13,17] | 中国大陆 | 4 787.99~5 377.46 | 4 893.87 |
| 门诊费用 | 1 | 2[13,17] | 496.77~1 348.37 | 812.08 | 2[13,17] | 中国大陆 | 496.77~1 348.37 | 812.08 |
| ≥2 | 3[13,17,34] | 616.42~26 408.80 | 26 145.14 | 1[34] | 美国 | — | 26 408.80 |
| | | | | 2[13,17] | 中国大陆 | 616.42~3 278.67 | 1 228.10 |
| ≥4 | 3[13,17,34] | 722.30~29 760.32 | 29 511.43 | 1[34] | 美国 | — | 29 760.32 |
| | | | | 2[13,17] | 中国大陆 | 722.30~5 966.66 | 1 664.25 |
| 门诊自付费用 | 1 | 3[13,17,24] | 78.49~1 029.02 | 462.10 | 2[13,17] | 中国大陆 | 340.64~1 029.02 | 595.51 |
| | | | | 1[24] | 印度 | — | 78.49 |
| ≥2 | 3[13,17,24] | 99.90~1 684.09 | 690.13 | 2[13,17] | 中国大陆 | 454.26~1 684.09 | 736.82 |
| | | | | 1[24] | 印度 | — | 99.90 |
| ≥4 | 2[13,17] | 710.54~1 667.72 | 894.48 | 2[13,17] | 中国大陆 | 710.54~1 667.72 | 894.48 |
| 药费 | 1 | 2[31-32] | 1 450.69~3 746.36 | 3 742.60 | 2[31-32] | 中国大陆 | 1 450.69~3 746.36 | 3 742.60 |
| ≥2 | 2[31-32] | 2 820.96~4 686.43 | 4 672.60 | 2[31-32] | 中国大陆 | 2 820.96~4 686.43 | 4 672.60 |
| ≥4 | 1[32] | — | 5 326.40 | 1[32] | 中国大陆 | — | 5 326.40 |
| 检查费 | 1 | 2[31-32] | 863.82~1 357.04 | 864.63 | 2[31-32] | 中国大陆 | 863.82~1 357.04 | 864.63 |
| ≥2 | 2[31-32] | 1 196.55~2 210.94 | 1 204.07 | 2[31-32] | 中国大陆 | 1 196.55~2 210.94 | 1 204.07 |
| ≥4 | 1[32] | — | 1 353.43 | 1[32] | 中国大陆 | — | 1 353.43 |
| 床位费 | 1 | 2[31-32] | 426.20~735.19 | 426.71 | 2[31-32] | 中国大陆 | 426.20~735.19 | 426.71 |
| ≥2 | 2[31-32] | 500.31~980.26 | 503.87 | 2[31-32] | 中国大陆 | 500.31~980.26 | 503.87 |
| ≥4 | 1[32] | — | 539.50 | 1[32] | 中国大陆 | — | 539.50 |
| 护理费 | 1 | 2[31-32] | 89.86~281.70 | 281.39 | 2[31-32] | 中国大陆 | 89.86~281.70 | 281.39 |
| ≥2 | 2[31-32] | 200.14~356.76 | 355.60 | 2[31-32] | 中国大陆 | 200.14~356.76 | 355.60 |
| ≥4 | 1[32] | — | 423.08 | 1[32] | 中国大陆 | — | 423.08 |
| 手术费 | 1 | 1[32] | | 1 768.19 | 1[32] | 中国大陆 | | 1 768.19 |
| ≥2 | 1[32] | | 904.93 | 1[32] | 中国大陆 | | 904.93 |
| ≥4 | 1[32] | — | 744.28 | 1[32] | 中国大陆 | — | 744.28 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322608146170892423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608136687571011, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Heterogeneity test and subgroup analysis of medical costs
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
医疗成本类型 (年人均) | 慢病亚组 | 纳入研究数 | 异质性检验 | 效应模型 | meta分析结果 | 组间差异 |
|---|
| χ2值 | I2(%) | P值 | SMD | 95% CI | Z | P值 | I2(%) / P值 |
|---|
| 医疗保健总费用 | ≥2种 vs. 1种 | 7[15,21,26,28,30,33,35] | 3 049.94 | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.34 | 0.08~0.60 | 2.59 | 0.010 | 89.9/<0.001 |
| 中国 | 2[15~33] | 11.62 | 91.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.26 | 0.12~0.40 | 3.71 | <0.001 | |
| 美国 | 1[21] | N | N | N | 随机 | 0.38 | 0.36~0.40 | 39.53 | <0.001 | |
| 欧元区 | 2[26~28] | 1.34 | 25.0 | 0.250 | 固定 | 0.26 | 0.21~0.30 | 11.90 | <0.001 | |
| 新加坡 | 2[30~35] | 241.06 | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.49 | -0.22~1.20 | 1.34 | 0.180 | |
| ≥4种 vs. ≥2种 | 6[15~21~26~28~33~35] | 691.78 | 99.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.21 | 0.06~0.36 | 2.80 | 0.005 | 99.5/<0.001 |
| 中国 | 2[15~33] | 1.72 | 42.0 | <0.001 | 固定 | 0.16 | 0.09~0.23 | 4.52 | <0.001 | |
| 美国 | 1[21] | N | N | N | 随机 | 0.12 | 0.10~0.15 | 11.09 | <0.001 | |
| 欧元区 | 2[26~28] | 2.55 | 61.0 | 0.110 | 随机 | 0.19 | 0.13~0.26 | 5.79 | <0.001 | |
| 新加坡 | 1[35] | N | N | N | 随机 | 0.40 | 0.39~0.41 | 101.16 | <0.001 | |
| 医疗保健自付费用 | ≥2种 vs. 1种 | 3[19~21~25] | 412.97 | 99.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.36 | 0.11~0.60 | 2.80 | 0.005 | 99.4/<0.001 |
| 美国 | 2[19~21] | 27.25 | 93.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.19 | 0.11~0.28 | 4.34 | <0.001 | |
| 印度 | 1[25] | N | N | N | 随机 | 0.86 | 0.80~0.92 | 28.28 | <0.001 | |
| ≥4种 vs. ≥2种 | | | | | | | | | | N |
| 美国 | 2[19~21] | 2.64 | 24.0 | <0.001 | 固定 | 0.09 | 0.06~0.12 | 6.27 | <0.001 | |
| 住院费用 | ≥2种 vs. 1种 | | | | | | | | | | N |
| 中国 | 3[13~17~32] | 144.26 | 99.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.36 | 0.20~0.51 | 4.50 | <0.001 | |
| ≥4种 vs. ≥2种 | | | | | | | | | | N |
| 中国 | 3[13~17~32] | 14.73 | 86.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.12 | 0.06~0.18 | 4.14 | <0.001 | |
| 住院自付费用 | ≥2种 vs. 1种 | 3[13~17~24] | 65.73 | 97.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.20 | 0.02~0.39 | 2.12 | 0.030 | 98.5/<0.001 |
| 中国 | 2[13~17] | 0.42 | 0.0 | 0.520 | 固定 | 0.29 | 0.25~0.33 | 14.96 | <0.001 | |
| 印度 | 1[24] | N | N | N | 随机 | 0.01 | -0.04~0.07 | 0.43 | 0.660 | |
| ≥4种 vs. ≥2种 | | | | | | | | | | N |
| 中国 | 2[13~17] | 6.03 | 83.0 | 0.010 | 随机 | 0.10 | -0.02~0.22 | 1.59 | 0.110 | |
| 门诊费用 | ≥2种 vs. 1种 | | | | | | | | | | N |
| 中国 | 2[13~17] | 114.02 | 99.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.34 | -0.02~0.70 | 1.86 | 0.060 | |
| ≥4种 vs. ≥2种 | | | | | | | | | | N |
| 中国 | 2[13~17] | 67.58 | 99.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.31 | -0.05~0.67 | 1.70 | 0.090 | |
| 门诊自付费用 | ≥2种 vs. 1种 | 3[13~17~24] | 52.91 | 96.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.20 | 0.04~0.36 | 2.42 | 0.020 | 89.0/0.003 |
| 中国 | 2[13~17] | 21.13 | 95.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.28 | 0.13~0.44 | 3.62 | <0.001 | |
| 印度 | 1[24] | N | N | N | 随机 | 0.02 | -0.05~0.10 | 0.53 | 0.590 | |
| ≥4种 vs. ≥2种 | | | | | | | | | | N |
| 中国 | 2[13~17] | 26.28 | 96.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.25 | 0.03~0.48 | 2.21 | 0.030 | |
), ArticleFig(id=1322608146254778504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608136687571011, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
医疗成本异质性检验与亚组分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
医疗成本类型 (年人均) | 慢病亚组 | 纳入研究数 | 异质性检验 | 效应模型 | meta分析结果 | 组间差异 |
|---|
| χ2值 | I2(%) | P值 | SMD | 95% CI | Z | P值 | I2(%) / P值 |
|---|
| 医疗保健总费用 | ≥2种 vs. 1种 | 7[15,21,26,28,30,33,35] | 3 049.94 | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.34 | 0.08~0.60 | 2.59 | 0.010 | 89.9/<0.001 |
| 中国 | 2[15~33] | 11.62 | 91.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.26 | 0.12~0.40 | 3.71 | <0.001 | |
| 美国 | 1[21] | N | N | N | 随机 | 0.38 | 0.36~0.40 | 39.53 | <0.001 | |
| 欧元区 | 2[26~28] | 1.34 | 25.0 | 0.250 | 固定 | 0.26 | 0.21~0.30 | 11.90 | <0.001 | |
| 新加坡 | 2[30~35] | 241.06 | 100.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.49 | -0.22~1.20 | 1.34 | 0.180 | |
| ≥4种 vs. ≥2种 | 6[15~21~26~28~33~35] | 691.78 | 99.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.21 | 0.06~0.36 | 2.80 | 0.005 | 99.5/<0.001 |
| 中国 | 2[15~33] | 1.72 | 42.0 | <0.001 | 固定 | 0.16 | 0.09~0.23 | 4.52 | <0.001 | |
| 美国 | 1[21] | N | N | N | 随机 | 0.12 | 0.10~0.15 | 11.09 | <0.001 | |
| 欧元区 | 2[26~28] | 2.55 | 61.0 | 0.110 | 随机 | 0.19 | 0.13~0.26 | 5.79 | <0.001 | |
| 新加坡 | 1[35] | N | N | N | 随机 | 0.40 | 0.39~0.41 | 101.16 | <0.001 | |
| 医疗保健自付费用 | ≥2种 vs. 1种 | 3[19~21~25] | 412.97 | 99.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.36 | 0.11~0.60 | 2.80 | 0.005 | 99.4/<0.001 |
| 美国 | 2[19~21] | 27.25 | 93.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.19 | 0.11~0.28 | 4.34 | <0.001 | |
| 印度 | 1[25] | N | N | N | 随机 | 0.86 | 0.80~0.92 | 28.28 | <0.001 | |
| ≥4种 vs. ≥2种 | | | | | | | | | | N |
| 美国 | 2[19~21] | 2.64 | 24.0 | <0.001 | 固定 | 0.09 | 0.06~0.12 | 6.27 | <0.001 | |
| 住院费用 | ≥2种 vs. 1种 | | | | | | | | | | N |
| 中国 | 3[13~17~32] | 144.26 | 99.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.36 | 0.20~0.51 | 4.50 | <0.001 | |
| ≥4种 vs. ≥2种 | | | | | | | | | | N |
| 中国 | 3[13~17~32] | 14.73 | 86.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.12 | 0.06~0.18 | 4.14 | <0.001 | |
| 住院自付费用 | ≥2种 vs. 1种 | 3[13~17~24] | 65.73 | 97.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.20 | 0.02~0.39 | 2.12 | 0.030 | 98.5/<0.001 |
| 中国 | 2[13~17] | 0.42 | 0.0 | 0.520 | 固定 | 0.29 | 0.25~0.33 | 14.96 | <0.001 | |
| 印度 | 1[24] | N | N | N | 随机 | 0.01 | -0.04~0.07 | 0.43 | 0.660 | |
| ≥4种 vs. ≥2种 | | | | | | | | | | N |
| 中国 | 2[13~17] | 6.03 | 83.0 | 0.010 | 随机 | 0.10 | -0.02~0.22 | 1.59 | 0.110 | |
| 门诊费用 | ≥2种 vs. 1种 | | | | | | | | | | N |
| 中国 | 2[13~17] | 114.02 | 99.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.34 | -0.02~0.70 | 1.86 | 0.060 | |
| ≥4种 vs. ≥2种 | | | | | | | | | | N |
| 中国 | 2[13~17] | 67.58 | 99.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.31 | -0.05~0.67 | 1.70 | 0.090 | |
| 门诊自付费用 | ≥2种 vs. 1种 | 3[13~17~24] | 52.91 | 96.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.20 | 0.04~0.36 | 2.42 | 0.020 | 89.0/0.003 |
| 中国 | 2[13~17] | 21.13 | 95.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.28 | 0.13~0.44 | 3.62 | <0.001 | |
| 印度 | 1[24] | N | N | N | 随机 | 0.02 | -0.05~0.10 | 0.53 | 0.590 | |
| ≥4种 vs. ≥2种 | | | | | | | | | | N |
| 中国 | 2[13~17] | 26.28 | 96.0 | <0.001 | 随机 | 0.25 | 0.03~0.48 | 2.21 | 0.030 | |
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Cost analysis of multimorbidity in different dimensions
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| 费用类型(年人均) | 分析维度 | 具体分类或比较 | 费用/范围(元)或增幅(%) |
|---|
| 医疗保健总费用 | 最高费用共病组合 | 高血压/糖尿病[18] | 12 481.20 |
| | 关节炎/糖尿病/心脏病/高血压[37] | 197 153.66 |
| 多病评分 | CCI评分[38](1~≥7分) | 9 885.00~47 448.00(380.00%) |
| | 累积多病评分[39](0~≥10分) | 10 900.00~59 836.64(448.95%) |
| 归因成本均值差[36] | 2种 vs. 1种 | <65岁:2 417.13/≥65岁:6 585.38 |
| | 3种 vs. 2种 | <65岁:3 430.46/≥65岁:8 217.34 |
| | 4种 vs. 3种 | <65岁:5 123.35/≥65岁:10 605.33 |
| | ≥5种 vs. 4种 | <65岁:13 305.90/≥65岁:24 597.59 |
| 医疗保健自付费用 | 最高费用共病组合 | 关节炎/糖尿病/心脏病/高血压[37] | 17 862.98 |
| 住院费用 | 最高费用共病组合 | 冠心病共病[14] | 2 086.18 |
| | 高血压/糖尿病[18] | 5 114.09 |
| | 慢性心力衰竭/慢性肾病(3年费用)[27] | 54 669.12 |
| 多病评分 | 累积多病评分[39](0~≥10分) | 2 057.92~20 230.40(883.05%) |
| 归因成本均值差[36] | 2种 vs. 1种 | <65岁:1 188.47/≥65岁:1 486.87 |
| | 3种 vs. 2种 | <65岁:1 330.35/≥65岁:1 590.62 |
| | 4种 vs. 3种 | <65岁:1 699.70/≥65岁:2 270.11 |
| | ≥5种 vs. 4种 | <65岁:5 146.53/≥65岁:6 805.20 |
| 门诊费用 | 最高费用共病组合 | 糖尿病共病[14] | 790.24 |
| 归因成本均值差[36] | 2种 vs. 1种 | <65岁:1 285.67/≥65岁:1 068.80 |
| | 3种 vs. 2种 | <65岁:1 529.76/≥65岁:1 291.70 |
| | 4种 vs. 3种 | <65岁:1 837.98/≥65岁:1 457.60 |
| | ≥5种 vs. 4种 | <65岁:3 311.44/≥65岁:2 571.66 |
| 门诊医师费用 | 多病评分 | 累积多病评分[39](0~≥10分) | 3 706.00~8 397.36(126.59%) |
| 门诊非医师费用 | 多病评分 | 累积多病评分[39](0~≥10分) | 584.24~3 950.16(576.12%) |
| 药费 | 最高费用共病组合 | 冠心病共病[14] | 1 386.53 |
| 多病评分 | 累积多病评分[39](0~≥10分) | 3 252.56~10 559.92(224.66%) |
| 归因成本均值差[36] | 2种 vs. 1种 | <65岁:1 491.82/≥65岁:2 248.86 |
| | 3种 vs. 2种 | <65岁:1 623.23/≥65岁:2 590.86 |
| | 4种 vs. 3种 | <65岁:2 031.48/≥65岁:2 754.24 |
| | ≥5种 vs. 4种 | <65岁:4 276.55/≥65岁:4 326.37 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322608146418356362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608136687571011, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
不同维度多重慢病成本分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 费用类型(年人均) | 分析维度 | 具体分类或比较 | 费用/范围(元)或增幅(%) |
|---|
| 医疗保健总费用 | 最高费用共病组合 | 高血压/糖尿病[18] | 12 481.20 |
| | 关节炎/糖尿病/心脏病/高血压[37] | 197 153.66 |
| 多病评分 | CCI评分[38](1~≥7分) | 9 885.00~47 448.00(380.00%) |
| | 累积多病评分[39](0~≥10分) | 10 900.00~59 836.64(448.95%) |
| 归因成本均值差[36] | 2种 vs. 1种 | <65岁:2 417.13/≥65岁:6 585.38 |
| | 3种 vs. 2种 | <65岁:3 430.46/≥65岁:8 217.34 |
| | 4种 vs. 3种 | <65岁:5 123.35/≥65岁:10 605.33 |
| | ≥5种 vs. 4种 | <65岁:13 305.90/≥65岁:24 597.59 |
| 医疗保健自付费用 | 最高费用共病组合 | 关节炎/糖尿病/心脏病/高血压[37] | 17 862.98 |
| 住院费用 | 最高费用共病组合 | 冠心病共病[14] | 2 086.18 |
| | 高血压/糖尿病[18] | 5 114.09 |
| | 慢性心力衰竭/慢性肾病(3年费用)[27] | 54 669.12 |
| 多病评分 | 累积多病评分[39](0~≥10分) | 2 057.92~20 230.40(883.05%) |
| 归因成本均值差[36] | 2种 vs. 1种 | <65岁:1 188.47/≥65岁:1 486.87 |
| | 3种 vs. 2种 | <65岁:1 330.35/≥65岁:1 590.62 |
| | 4种 vs. 3种 | <65岁:1 699.70/≥65岁:2 270.11 |
| | ≥5种 vs. 4种 | <65岁:5 146.53/≥65岁:6 805.20 |
| 门诊费用 | 最高费用共病组合 | 糖尿病共病[14] | 790.24 |
| 归因成本均值差[36] | 2种 vs. 1种 | <65岁:1 285.67/≥65岁:1 068.80 |
| | 3种 vs. 2种 | <65岁:1 529.76/≥65岁:1 291.70 |
| | 4种 vs. 3种 | <65岁:1 837.98/≥65岁:1 457.60 |
| | ≥5种 vs. 4种 | <65岁:3 311.44/≥65岁:2 571.66 |
| 门诊医师费用 | 多病评分 | 累积多病评分[39](0~≥10分) | 3 706.00~8 397.36(126.59%) |
| 门诊非医师费用 | 多病评分 | 累积多病评分[39](0~≥10分) | 584.24~3 950.16(576.12%) |
| 药费 | 最高费用共病组合 | 冠心病共病[14] | 1 386.53 |
| 多病评分 | 累积多病评分[39](0~≥10分) | 3 252.56~10 559.92(224.66%) |
| 归因成本均值差[36] | 2种 vs. 1种 | <65岁:1 491.82/≥65岁:2 248.86 |
| | 3种 vs. 2种 | <65岁:1 623.23/≥65岁:2 590.86 |
| | 4种 vs. 3种 | <65岁:2 031.48/≥65岁:2 754.24 |
| | ≥5种 vs. 4种 | <65岁:4 276.55/≥65岁:4 326.37 |
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