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Article(id=1322608084296520399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743523200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793263940165, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1762704000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793263940165, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793263940165, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793263940165, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322608013010120712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='21', pageStart='3841', pageEnd='4032', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1762704000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793263923169, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793264266929, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322609454932149086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322609454932149087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3952, endPage=3956, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322608084481069776, articleId=1322608084296520399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Development and validation of the Adolescents Self-injury Tendency Scale, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

The aims of this study were to develop the Adolescents Self-injury Tendency Scale (ASITS) under peer influence, and test the reliability and validity of this scale.

Methods

A primary questionnaire was developed using a literature review, semi-structured interviews, and expert evaluation. Afterward, 1 938 middle and high school students were surveyed with the initial questionnaire, and ASITS was formulated through item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Furthermore, we conducted confirmatory factor analysis in the second sample (n=3 160) and tested the scale’s reliability and validity.

Results

ASITS comprised 4 factors and 15 items. The model showed good fit (RMSEA=0.04, SRMR=0.01, CFI=0.98, TLI=0.97). Cronbach’s α for the total scale and each factor ranged from 0.72 to 0.84. The criterion validity showed that ASITS was positively correlated with self-injurious behavior, depression-anxiety-stress symptoms, loneliness and peer pressure (r=0.38,0.31, 0.34, 0.22, P<0.001), and negatively correlated with core self-evaluation (r=-0.34, P<0.001).

Conclusion

ASITS has good reliability and validity, thus providing a reliable tool for evaluating adolescents’ tendency to inflict self-injury under peer influence.

, authors=Li GU, Wei CAI, authorsList=Li GU, Wei CAI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wei CAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322608085290570453, articleId=1322608084296520399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=青少年自伤倾向量表的编制及信效度检验, columnId=1228016570031604578, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=儿少卫生与妇幼保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

编制适用于青少年在同伴影响下实施自伤行为的倾向性量表，并检验其信效度。

方法

通过文献分析、半结构化访谈和专家评价法形成初始问卷，对1 938名初高中生进行初测，经过项目分析与探索性因素分析形成青少年自伤倾向量表（adolescents self-injury tendency scale，ASITS）；以3 160名初高中生为被试对量表进行验证性因素分析和信效度检验。

结果

ASITS包括4个因子，15道题目，模型拟合指数良好（RMSEA=0.04，SRMR=0.01，CFI=0.98，TLI=0.97）。总量表及各因子Cronbach α系数为0.72～0.84之间。效标效度显示，本量表与自伤行为、抑郁-焦虑-压力症状、孤独感和同伴压力呈正相关（r=0.38、0.31、0.34、0.22，P<0.001），与核心自我评价呈负相关（r=-0.34，P<0.001）。

结论

ASITS信效度良好，为评估青少年在同伴影响下的自伤倾向提供可靠的测量工具。

, authors=谷莉, 蔡頠, authorsList=谷莉, 蔡頠, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=蔡頠, authorNote=

谷莉（1978—），女，博士，副教授，研究方向：临床心理学

, correspAuthorsNote=
蔡頠，E-mail：
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BMC Psychology, 2024, 12 (1): 292., articleTitle=Non-suicidal self-injury motivation scale in a community sample of adolescents: a methodological study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322608091166790386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608084296520399, awardId=GD23XSH10, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD23XSH10), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322608085647086294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608084296520399, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608085655474903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608084296520399, companyId=1322608085647086294, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Humanities and Management, Research Center for Quality of Life and Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory for Quality of Life and Psychological Assessment and Intervention, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608085663863512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608084296520399, companyId=1322608085647086294, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广东医科大学人文与管理学院，生命质量与应用心理研究中心，生命质量与心理测评干预重点实验室，广东　东莞　523808)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322608090596365036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608084296520399, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factor loading matrix

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条目探索性因子分析负荷验证性因子分析负荷
F1F2F3F4F1F2F3F4
4. 我觉得自伤行为危害性很大0.890.84
5. 我觉得自伤想法很可怕0.820.83
3. 我认为自伤是一种疯狂的行为0.780.82
10. 我觉得自伤行为对身体伤害有很多潜在风险0.530.53
13. 如果经常在一起的同伴团体中很多人都有自伤行为，我也愿意去尝试0.790.71
15. 如果同伴要求我和他一起自伤，即便不愿意我也会同意0.670.72
17. 如果同伴有自伤行为或者想法，我也会陪他/她尝试自伤0.660.59
19. 如果同伴有自伤行为，我会觉得他很勇敢0.620.65
14. 如果同伴有自伤行为，我会觉得他很酷0.580.70
12. 一般情況下，我不愿意和有过自伤行为的人交往0.840.84
16. 如果我的朋友有自伤行为，我会慢慢疏远他/她0.660.68
11. 我认为自伤者智力一般或低于平均水平0.570.54
2. 如果同伴有自伤行为，我会建议或陪同他/她去找心理老师或专业机构0.760.73
1.如果同伴有自伤行为，我会告诉老师、家长帮助他/她0.680.70
18. 如果同伴有自伤行为，我会阻止他/她0.640.63
特征值4.332.521.581.20
旋转前方差累积贡献值0.260.400.470.52
旋转后方差累积贡献值0.160.310.420.52
因子相关矩阵
F20.360.35
F30.27-0.140.30-0.15
F40.430.35-0.090.500.38-0.04
), ArticleFig(id=1322608090684445421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608084296520399, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

因子负荷矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目探索性因子分析负荷验证性因子分析负荷
F1F2F3F4F1F2F3F4
4. 我觉得自伤行为危害性很大0.890.84
5. 我觉得自伤想法很可怕0.820.83
3. 我认为自伤是一种疯狂的行为0.780.82
10. 我觉得自伤行为对身体伤害有很多潜在风险0.530.53
13. 如果经常在一起的同伴团体中很多人都有自伤行为，我也愿意去尝试0.790.71
15. 如果同伴要求我和他一起自伤，即便不愿意我也会同意0.670.72
17. 如果同伴有自伤行为或者想法，我也会陪他/她尝试自伤0.660.59
19. 如果同伴有自伤行为，我会觉得他很勇敢0.620.65
14. 如果同伴有自伤行为，我会觉得他很酷0.580.70
12. 一般情況下，我不愿意和有过自伤行为的人交往0.840.84
16. 如果我的朋友有自伤行为，我会慢慢疏远他/她0.660.68
11. 我认为自伤者智力一般或低于平均水平0.570.54
2. 如果同伴有自伤行为，我会建议或陪同他/她去找心理老师或专业机构0.760.73
1.如果同伴有自伤行为，我会告诉老师、家长帮助他/她0.680.70
18. 如果同伴有自伤行为，我会阻止他/她0.640.63
特征值4.332.521.581.20
旋转前方差累积贡献值0.260.400.470.52
旋转后方差累积贡献值0.160.310.420.52
因子相关矩阵
F20.360.35
F30.27-0.140.30-0.15
F40.430.35-0.090.500.38-0.04
), ArticleFig(id=1322608090793497326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608084296520399, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation matrix of ASITS total score and dimensions with criterion scales

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量12345678910
1. ASITS—　　　　　　
2. 自伤危害认知（F1）0.83***—
3. 同伴自伤模仿（F2）0.57***0.31***—
4. 同伴自伤排斥（F3）0.41***0.22***-0.14***—
5. 自伤自伤救助（F4）0.66***0.42***0.29***-0.04*—
6. 青少年自我伤害0.38***0.34***0.23***0.15***0.2***—
7. 抑郁-焦虑-压抑0.31***0.25***0.21***0.08***0.22***0.45***—
8. 孤独感0.34***0.28***0.27***-0.010.29***0.25***0.52***—
9. 同辈压力0.22***0.17***0.17***0.020.21***0.25***0.48***0.37***—
10. 核心自我评价-0.34***-0.29***-0.21***-0.09***-0.26***-0.31***-0.64***-0.54***-0.51***—
), ArticleFig(id=1322608090881577711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608084296520399, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

ASITS及各维度与效标量表的相关系数矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量12345678910
1. ASITS—　　　　　　
2. 自伤危害认知（F1）0.83***—
3. 同伴自伤模仿（F2）0.57***0.31***—
4. 同伴自伤排斥（F3）0.41***0.22***-0.14***—
5. 自伤自伤救助（F4）0.66***0.42***0.29***-0.04*—
6. 青少年自我伤害0.38***0.34***0.23***0.15***0.2***—
7. 抑郁-焦虑-压抑0.31***0.25***0.21***0.08***0.22***0.45***—
8. 孤独感0.34***0.28***0.27***-0.010.29***0.25***0.52***—
9. 同辈压力0.22***0.17***0.17***0.020.21***0.25***0.48***0.37***—
10. 核心自我评价-0.34***-0.29***-0.21***-0.09***-0.26***-0.31***-0.64***-0.54***-0.51***—
), ArticleFig(id=1322608090965463792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608084296520399, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Descriptive statistics results and internal consistency reliabilities of the dimensions of the ASITS (n=2 807)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 Cronbach αMcDonald ω
ASITS2.68±0.680.770.78
自伤危害认知（F1）2.42±1.230.840.85
同伴自伤模仿（F2）1.44±0.760.800.80
同伴自伤排斥（F3）5.39±1.280.720.75
同伴自伤救助（F4）2.36±1.250.720.72
), ArticleFig(id=1322608091053544177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608084296520399, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

ASITS描述性统计结果及内部一致性信度（n=2 807）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 Cronbach αMcDonald ω
ASITS2.68±0.680.770.78
自伤危害认知（F1）2.42±1.230.840.85
同伴自伤模仿（F2）1.44±0.760.800.80
同伴自伤排斥（F3）5.39±1.280.720.75
同伴自伤救助（F4）2.36±1.250.720.72
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青少年自伤倾向量表的编制及信效度检验
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谷莉 , 蔡頠
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025,52(21): 3952-3956
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现代预防医学 |儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025 , 52 (21) : 3952 -3956
青少年自伤倾向量表的编制及信效度检验
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谷莉, 蔡頠
作者信息
  • 广东医科大学人文与管理学院，生命质量与应用心理研究中心，生命质量与心理测评干预重点实验室，广东　东莞　523808
通讯作者:
蔡頠，E-mail：
作者简介:

谷莉（1978—），女，博士，副教授，研究方向：临床心理学

Development and validation of the Adolescents Self-injury Tendency Scale
Li GU, Wei CAI
Affiliations
  • School of Humanities and Management, Research Center for Quality of Life and Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory for Quality of Life and Psychological Assessment and Intervention, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
出版时间: 2025-11-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504012
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摘要
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目的

编制适用于青少年在同伴影响下实施自伤行为的倾向性量表，并检验其信效度。

方法

通过文献分析、半结构化访谈和专家评价法形成初始问卷，对1 938名初高中生进行初测，经过项目分析与探索性因素分析形成青少年自伤倾向量表（adolescents self-injury tendency scale，ASITS）；以3 160名初高中生为被试对量表进行验证性因素分析和信效度检验。

结果

ASITS包括4个因子，15道题目，模型拟合指数良好（RMSEA=0.04，SRMR=0.01，CFI=0.98，TLI=0.97）。总量表及各因子Cronbach α系数为0.72～0.84之间。效标效度显示，本量表与自伤行为、抑郁-焦虑-压力症状、孤独感和同伴压力呈正相关（r=0.38、0.31、0.34、0.22，P<0.001），与核心自我评价呈负相关（r=-0.34，P<0.001）。

结论

ASITS信效度良好，为评估青少年在同伴影响下的自伤倾向提供可靠的测量工具。

非自杀性自伤行为  /  青少年自伤倾向量表  /  同伴影响  /  信效度
Objective

The aims of this study were to develop the Adolescents Self-injury Tendency Scale (ASITS) under peer influence, and test the reliability and validity of this scale.

Methods

A primary questionnaire was developed using a literature review, semi-structured interviews, and expert evaluation. Afterward, 1 938 middle and high school students were surveyed with the initial questionnaire, and ASITS was formulated through item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Furthermore, we conducted confirmatory factor analysis in the second sample (n=3 160) and tested the scale’s reliability and validity.

Results

ASITS comprised 4 factors and 15 items. The model showed good fit (RMSEA=0.04, SRMR=0.01, CFI=0.98, TLI=0.97). Cronbach’s α for the total scale and each factor ranged from 0.72 to 0.84. The criterion validity showed that ASITS was positively correlated with self-injurious behavior, depression-anxiety-stress symptoms, loneliness and peer pressure (r=0.38,0.31, 0.34, 0.22, P<0.001), and negatively correlated with core self-evaluation (r=-0.34, P<0.001).

Conclusion

ASITS has good reliability and validity, thus providing a reliable tool for evaluating adolescents’ tendency to inflict self-injury under peer influence.

Non-suicidal self-injury  /  Adolescents Self-injury Tendency Scale  /  Peer influence  /  Reliability and validity
谷莉, 蔡頠. 青少年自伤倾向量表的编制及信效度检验. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (21) : 3952 -3956 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504012
Li GU, Wei CAI. Development and validation of the Adolescents Self-injury Tendency Scale[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (21) : 3952 -3956 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504012
正文
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非自杀性自伤行为（non-suicidal self-injury,NSSI）简称“自伤行为”，是指个体在没有明确自杀意图的情况下，故意、重复地改变或伤害自己身体组织的行为。一项纳入205项自伤研究的系统性范围综述结果显示，我国青少年自伤行为终生发生率的中位数为24.7%（IQR 18.7～38.0），其中女性为26.5%（20.0%～37.0%），男性为27.7%（19.0%～36.9%）[1]。青少年自伤与抑郁等精神障碍呈高共病性[2]，已被世界卫生组织列为威胁青少年健康的五大因素之一，提示教育者早期识别和干预青少年自伤行为的重要性。本研究旨在编制青少年自伤倾向量表（adolescents self-injury tendency scale, ASITS），通过对青少年自伤态度与行为倾向的量化评估，预测其发生自伤行为的可能性，以期及时发现和干预青少年自伤行为。
自伤获益与阻碍模型（the benefits and barriers model of NSSI）提出，缺乏自伤接触经历可作为自伤阻碍因子避免发生自伤，即从未接触过自伤的青少年很难主动选择自我伤害行为[3]。然而，伴随影视媒体、文学作品以及社交媒体对自伤话题的频繁涉及，特别是身边同伴发生自伤，使得青少年接触自伤的可能性越来越高。另外，多项研究已证实，发现和接触同伴自伤对青少年自伤行为有直接影响，是预测已发生和未来将发生自伤行为的重要风险因素[3-4]，提示可从人际视角通过评估青少年对同伴自伤行为的态度，预测其发生自伤行为的可能性。
目前，国内外对自伤行为相关测量工具多用于评估已发生自伤行为的程度、形式、频率、持续时间以及功能性，较少涉及以预防为目的的自伤行为态度及发生可能性。此外，已有测量工具均列出自伤行为类型清单，施测题目具有一定医源性效应，即自伤形式的描述对于具有冒险性和猎奇心理的青少年来说有促使其尝试自伤行为的可能性，特别是已发生自伤行为且痛觉阈值降低的自伤青少年可能会因题目内容获得其他自伤方法，导致其自伤程度加剧，这也使得自伤研究在中小学实施的可行性受限，因为学校管理者与监护人担心青少年施测后模仿自伤而使研究者难以获得其知情同意。
综上所述，编制具有科学信效度的，并在避免医源性效应前提下排查发生自伤行为可能性的青少年自伤倾向量表，能为预防和发现青少年自伤行为提供科学参考。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
样本1：采用整群抽样法从东莞市5所初高中学校抽取38个班1 938名中学生被试，回收有效问卷1 879份，有效率96.96%。其中，初中生653名，高中生1 226名；男生961名，女生916名，2名未填；年龄范围为13～18岁，平均年龄（15.27±1.43）岁。96.3%的被试者为汉族，83.3%为非独生子女，71.8%为城镇户口，95.5%为住校生，85.9%为非留守儿童。样本1用于项目分析与探索性因素分析。
样本2：采用整群抽样法从东莞市5所初高中学校抽取64个班3 160名中学生被试，回收有效问卷2 807份，有效率88.83%。其中，初中生844名，高中生1 963名；男生1 364名，女生1 442名；年龄范围为13～18岁，平均年龄（15.39±1.41）岁。92.6%的被试者为汉族，83.9%为非独生子女，75.9%为城镇户口，93.5%为住校生，86.3%为非留守儿童。样本2用于验证性因素分析和信效度检验。
本研究采用班级团体施测，测后给予被试文具礼品。施测前均已取得学校、班主任、学生及学生监护人的知情同意，并获得广东医科大学伦理委员会批准（编号：YJYS2023058）。
1.2　量表编制
课题组经过自伤相关文献的查阅与分析，结合自伤获益与阻碍模型编制访谈提纲。对20名半年内首次自伤的初高中生进行半结构化访谈，根据访谈结果概括出与自伤认知和同伴相关的四个维度，分别是自伤危害认知、同伴自伤行为模仿、同伴自伤消极态度（同伴自伤排斥）和同伴自伤积极态度（同伴自伤救助）共计40条目。采用专家评价法（专家组成员由具有心理学科研背景的教授、副教授、讲师以及中学心理教师7人构成）对条目和同伴影响下发生自伤的相关性进行内容评价，课题组根据修改意见对条目进行修订和删减，最终形成19条目的初始版量表。量表采用1（完全不同意）～7（完全同意）七点计分，分值越高代表青少年发生自伤的倾向性越高。
1.3　效标工具
1.3.1　青少年自我伤害量表
采用由郑莺（2006）编制，冯玉（2008）[5]修订的青少年自我伤害量表（adolescents self-harm scale, ASHS）对被试自伤行为严重程度进行评估。该量表共包含18个自伤方式条目，从发生次数（四点计分）和身体伤害程度（五点记分）两个维度进行评估。所有条目的两维度乘积之和分数越高表明自伤行为越严重。该量表的修订研究显示其信效度良好，内部一致性信度为0.85，效标效度、聚合效度与区分效度均获验证[5]。本研究中，内部一致性信度Cronbach α为0.93。
1.3.2　抑郁-焦虑-压力量表
采用Lovibond 等人（1995）编制，龚栩等人（2010）[6]修订的简体中文版抑郁-焦虑-压力量表（the depression anxiety stress scale-21，DASS-21）对被试的抑郁、焦虑和压力水平进行评估。该量表共21个条目，包括抑郁、焦虑和压力三个维度，采用四点计分，得分越高表示症状越严重。该量表的修订研究证实其信效度良好，各维度的内部一致性信度为0.76～0.79，其结构效度、效标效度、聚合效度与区分效度均获验证[6]。本研究中，内部一致性信度Cronbach α为0.93。
1.3.3　孤独感量表
采用 Asher等人（1984）编制，李晓巍（2014）[7]修订的中文版孤独感量表对被试孤独感进行评估。该量表共21个条目，采用五点计分，得分越高表示孤独感越高。该量表的修订研究证实其信效度良好，各维度的内部一致性信度为0.76～0.85，结构效度与效标效度均获验证[7]。本研究中，内部一致性信度Cronbach α为0.94。
1.3.4　同辈压力量表
采用Santor等人（2000）编制，曾欣然等人（2019）[8]修订的同辈压力量表（在非特定行为下同辈压力感受分量表上增设1个条目）对被试同辈压力感受进行评估。该量表共5个条目，采用五点计分，得分越高表示被试所感受到的同辈压力越高。该量表的修订研究表明其结构效度达标，原量表内部一致性信度为0.91，但其修订版因题项缩减导致信度为0.68[8]。本研究中，内部一致性信度Cronbach α为0.73。
1.3.5　核心自我评价量表
采用Judge等人（2000）编制，杜建政等人（2012）[9]修订的核心自我评价量表（core self-evaluations scale, CSES）对被试自身能力与价值进行评估。该量表共10个条目，采用五点计分，得分越高表示被试对自身能力与价值的评价越高。该量表的修订研究结果显示，其信效度良好，内部一致性信度为0.83，结构效度与效标效度均获验证[9]。本研究中，内部一致性信度Cronbach α为0.86。
1.4　统计方法
采用SPSS 22.0和JASP 0.19软件。对初始版量表进行项目分析和探索性因素分析后形成正式版的ASITS，对该量表进行验证性因子分析、信度检验、效标关联效度以及测量不变性检验。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　项目分析
通过临界比率法，选取总分前后27%各507人划分高低分组进行独立样本t检验，结果显示条目7“我认为自伤者不值得同情”差异不显著（t=-0.41，P=0.685）。通过相关法，检验各个条目得分与总分的相关性，结果显示条目7（r=0.01<0.40）与总分相关较低。综合考虑，删除条目7。剩余18个条目纳入后续的探索性因素分析。
2.2　效度分析
2.2.1　结构效度
2.2.1.1　探索性因素分析
KMO检验结果总体MSA值为0.85，Bartlett球形检验χ2(105)=10 939.91（P<0.001），表明抽样充分，数据结构适合进行因子分析。因部分条目的偏态和峰态系数较大（>2.3），不符合正态分布，因此选用主轴因子法提取公因子。因理论假设各维度间存在一定的相关，选用GEOMIN斜交旋转。采取以下标准确定因子数和条目：（1）基于平行分析确定因子个数；（2）因子负荷>0.4；（3）每个维度下的条目至少有3个。最终保留15个条目，删除条目6“自伤是个人行为，不需要干涉”、条目8“我害怕看到伤口以及流血的画面”和条目9“我觉得疼痛是要释放保护身体的信号”，四个维度和假设一致，方差累积贡献值为52%。EFA因子负荷矩阵见表1。模型拟合指数良好，RMSEA=0.04，SRMR=0.01，CFI=0.98，TLI=0.97。
根据探索性因素分析结果和维度下条目特质对维度进行命名。维度1为自伤危害认知（全部反向），维度2为同伴自伤模仿，维度3为同伴自伤排斥（全部反向），维度4为同伴自伤救助（全部反向）。量表总体和四个维度的内部一致性信度分别为0.77、0.84、0.80、0.72、0.72。
2.2.1.2　验证性因素分析
探索性因素分析结果显示四因素模型拟合良好，χ2(84)=786.77，P<0.001，TLI=0.94，CFI=0.95，SRMR=0.05，RMSEA=0.05，且所有条目的标准化因子负荷均具有统计意义（P<0.05）。见表1。
2.2.2　效标效度
相关性分析结果如表2所示，ASITS和青少年自我伤害量表呈中等程度的正相关，相容效度好，表明ASITS与青少年自我伤害量表一样都是有效的自伤行为筛查量表，但两者在测量目的、时间点与对象上有所不同。ASITS与抑郁-焦虑-压力症状、孤独感及同辈压力等自伤促进性因素呈正相关，与核心自我评价的预防自伤保护性因素呈负相关。
为检验ASITS对自伤行为的预测作用，以有无自伤为因变量（有自伤=1，无自伤=0），ASITS总分为预测变量，年龄、性别、是否独生、城乡、是否住校、是否留守为控制变量进行逻辑回归分析。结果显示，ASITS总分可预测自伤行为是否发生（B=0.80，，OR=2.22，95% CI：1.96～2.52），模型整体Δχ2=170.96（P<0.001）。
2.3　信度
如表3所示，ASITS总量表和各维度分量表的内部一致性信度良好。
2.4　量表测量不变性检验
通过多组验证性分析评估ASITS在不同群体中的测量不变性。模型1进行形态等值性分析；模型2进行弱等值性分析，在模型1的基础上设置因子载荷跨组不变性；模型3进行强等值性分析，在模型2的基础上设置条目截距跨组不变性。结果显示，模型间差异不显著，即ASITS在不同性别、不同学段、城镇或乡村户口、独生或非独生，留守或非留守儿童等不同样本上满足形态等值、弱等值和强等值。
3　讨论
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本研究编制的ASITS以自伤获益与阻碍模型为理论基础，最终版量表共15条目，4个维度，分别为自伤危害认知、同伴自伤模仿、同伴自伤排斥和同伴自伤救助，从人际视角概括了同伴影响下青少年发生自伤行为的影响因素。通过项目分析、探索性因素分析和信效度检验，确定了该量表各项指标均符合测量学要求。
总量表与各维度内部一致性信度均在0.7以上，信度指标良好。四个维度与总量表得分的相关系数在0.41～0.83，且均大于各维度间的相关系数，说明维度之间既相互独立又能反映测量特质，结构效度良好。本量表总分与青少年自我伤害严重程度的效标呈正相关，且可预测自伤行为是否发生，说明本量表可以测量青少年在同伴影响下发生自伤行为的倾向性。已有研究指出，青春期阶段同伴影响力对青少年认知和行为自主性的发展构成挑战，青少年可能因承受压力，要求自己与同伴保持一致以融入群体[10]。而青少年能否抵制不良同伴影响与他们的情绪状态、自我认知评价、同伴压力等多方面因素密切相关。有研究结果表明，与无自伤行为青少年相比，自伤青少年的自我核心评价更低[11]，孤独感更高[12]。也有研究报告，青少年自伤行为的最常见的诱发因素是同伴压力、同伴模仿以及与同伴间的冲突及抑郁状态[13]。因此本研究将上述因子作为效标工具，结果显示，本量表除同伴自伤排斥分量表外，总量表及其分量表与抑郁、焦虑、压力、孤独感及同辈压力等自伤促进性因素均呈正相关，与积极核心自我评价的保护性因素呈负相关，说明该量表全面多元地反映出青少年易发生自伤行为的相关特质。同伴自伤排斥维度因负性评价同伴自伤行为可看作预防自伤行为的保护性因素，但因其测量题目内容体现个体对自伤行为本身的强烈回避与排斥态度，因此与孤独感和同辈压力这类人际压力因素未呈现相关。多组验证性因素分析的结果显示本量表具有测量不变性，说明量表的观测指标以及潜在特质之间的关系在不同样本中具有相同意义，可用于跨群体比较。综上，ASITS操作性强且科学有效，可做为评估和排查青少年自伤行为发生可能性的心理测量工具。
本量表具体维度划分与内容界定与已有自伤相关量表存在本质区别。一是在研究对象上，大部份自伤测量工具针对临床病理性自伤者群体，本量表针对非临床青少年群体编制；二是在研究目的上，已有自伤测量工具多为评估已发生自伤行为的形式、严重程度和功能性[14]，本量表则是评估青少年对自伤行为的态度从而预测其可能发生自伤行为的倾向性；三是自伤行为发生机制的理论基础上，已有自伤测量工具的理论基础强调自伤行为的发生源于个体早期创伤性经验、情绪管理障碍、人格障碍以及生物因素等个体易感性因素，本量表则聚焦于青少年发展阶段中同伴影响下“发现—认同—模仿自伤行为”的人际因素，即青少年是否会在同伴影响下实施自伤行为取决于对自伤行为危害性的认知程度和对同伴自伤行为的态度。此外，本量表内容不涉及具体自伤方式的描述，故不存在引导青少年尝试自伤的医源性效应，便于获得学校和监护人的施测许可。特别是对于自伤者较多的青少年团体（班级），可以通过使用本量表了解青少年对自伤危害性的认知程度和对同伴自伤行为的态度，从而预测该团体自伤行为发生的可能性，推进自伤预防和早期干预工作。
本研究有以下局限性和需持续完善的不足之处。尽管研究通过大样本数据确保了统计效力，但数据主要反映单个市级地区青少年的自伤态度，未来需纳入全国多地区学校群体。在效度验证层面，本研究通过横断面设计证实了量表与自伤现况的关联性，未来可进一步开展多次追踪研究，考察基线得分对自伤行为转化的预测效力，并结合心理健康档案确定量表的预警临界值，为早期识别自伤高风险群体以及分级干预提供实证依据。
基金
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  • 广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD23XSH10)
文献
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2025年第52卷第21期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504012
  • 接收时间：2025-04-02
  • 首发时间：2026-10-29
  • 出版时间：2025-11-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-04-02
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广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD23XSH10)
作者信息
    广东医科大学人文与管理学院，生命质量与应用心理研究中心，生命质量与心理测评干预重点实验室，广东　东莞　523808

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