Article(id=1322608067800318819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322607837742747790, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504096, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743868800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793263936233, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793263936233, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793263936233, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793263936233, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322607837742747790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='20', pageStart='3649', pageEnd='3840', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1761321600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793263881383, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793264238791, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322609336933794638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322607837742747790, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322609336933794639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322607837742747790, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3649, endPage=3655, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322608068190389092, articleId=1322608067800318819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The association between physical activity, dietary patterns, and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Southwest China: a cross-sectional survey based on Pidu District, Chengdu, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Background

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is highly prevalent among elderly women. Current research on the effects of physical activity types and region-specific dietary patterns is insufficient. Large-scale cross-sectional studies are needed to analyze these multidimensional factors.

Objective

To investigate the impact of physical activity and dietary patterns on PMOP and their interaction effects.

Methods

In May 2022, a baseline survey was conducted among postmenopausal women aged 60 and above in Hongguang Town, Pidu District, Chengdu. Physical activity levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and dietary information was collected via a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis, and bone density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the independent and interaction effects.

Results

A total of 1 136 postmenopausal women (mean age 67.2±5.1 years) were included, with a PMOP prevalence of 32.8%. After adjustment, recreational physical activity was negatively associated with PMOP (OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.45-0.92). The Sichuan-style high-sodium red meat pattern and freshwater fish–poultry pattern showed no significant association after adjustment. Interaction analysis revealed that walking had a significant synergistic effect with dietary patterns (Pinteraction=0.008), while other physical activities did not.

Conclusion

Physical activity and dietary patterns have independent and synergistic effects on PMOP. This study provides region-specific clues for exercise and dietary interventions for PMOP in Southwest China. Future research should validate these findings through multicenter studies.

, authors=Yan-ping DENG1, Dong-mei LI1, Xiao-yan LIU1, Qin DENG2, Tao ZHANG2, Lu LONG2, Jia-qiang LIAO2, Meng-yu FAN2, Chuan WANG2, Ben ZHANG2, 3, Jia-yuan LI2, xia JIANG2, authorsList=Yan-ping DENG, Dong-mei LI, Xiao-yan LIU, Qin DENG, Tao ZHANG, Lu LONG, Jia-qiang LIAO, Meng-yu FAN, Chuan WANG, Ben ZHANG, Jia-yuan LI, xia JIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qin DENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322608069872305005, articleId=1322608067800318819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=西南地区绝经后女性体力活动与膳食模式对骨质疏松症的关联研究——基于成都市郫都区的横断面调查, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
背景

绝经后骨质疏松症(Postmenopausal osteoporosis, PMOP)在老年女性中患病率高,但目前对体力活动类型效应和地域特异性膳食模式的关联研究尚不充分,需开展大样本横断面研究解析其影响因素。

目的

分析体力活动和膳食模式与绝经后骨质疏松症的影响及其交互作用。

方法

本研究于2022年5月在四川成都郫都区红光镇对60岁及以上绝经后女性进行基线调查,采用国际体力活动问卷和食物频率问卷分别评估体力活动水平和膳食信息,并通过双能X线测定骨密度,利用多因素logistic回归分析独立效应及交互作用。

结果

研究纳入1 136名绝经后女性,平均年龄为67.2±5.1岁,PMOP患病率为32.8%。结果显示,休闲性体力活动与PMOP患病率呈负相关(OR=0.64,95% CI:0.45~0.92)。川式高钠红肉模式(OR=0.70,95% CI:0.49~1.00)和河鲜-禽类模式(OR=0.63,95% CI:0.44~0.90)仅在未校正时负相关。交互作用分析表明,散步与膳食模式存在协同效应(交互作用P=0.008)。而其他体力活动类型未显示交互作用。

结论

体力活动和膳食模式对PMOP存在独立及协同作用,提示提示防控PMOP需综合考虑两者影响。本研究为西南地区绝经后女性骨质疏松症的运动与膳食干预提供了地域适配线索,未来需通过多中心研究验证结论的普适性。

, authors=邓艳萍1, 李东梅1, 刘晓燕1, 邓琴2, 张韬2, 龙璐2, 廖加强2, 樊萌语2, 汪川2, 张本2, 3, 李佳圆2, 姜侠2, authorsList=邓艳萍, 李东梅, 刘晓燕, 邓琴, 张韬, 龙璐, 廖加强, 樊萌语, 汪川, 张本, 李佳圆, 姜侠, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=邓琴, authorNote=

邓艳萍(1980—),女,本科,副主任医师,研究方向:宫颈癌防治

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邓琴,E-mail:
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Comparison of baseline characteristics between the osteoporosis group and the non-osteoporosis group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量骨质疏松症χ2 (t)值P值
是[例(%)] (n=373)否[例(%)](n=763)
年龄[,岁]68.4(5.0)66.6(5.1)-5.867a<0.001
受教育程度10.5080.005
初中及以下319(85.5)591(77.4)
高中/大专39(10.5)131(17.2)
本科及以上15(4.0)41(5.4)
年收入(万元/年)4.0920.130
<6.0万元193(51.7)351(46.0)
6.0~10.0万元169(45.3)378(49.5)
≥10.0万元11(3.0)34(4.5)
婚姻状况3.5170.061
已婚280(75.1)610(80.0)
未婚/离异/丧偶93(24.9)153(20.0)
吸烟7.8890.005
是10(2.7)5(0.7)
否363(97.3)758(99.3)
喝酒1.4650.226
是59(15.8)143(18.7)
否314(84.2)620(81.3)
喝茶14.296<0.001
是57(15.3)192(25.2)
否316(84.7)571(74.8)
喝咖啡6.9290.008
是0(0.0)14(1.8)
否410(100.0)749(98.2)
初潮年龄[,岁]16.1(2.4)15.4(2.2)-4.544a<0.001
生育0.5540.457
是369(98.9)758(99.3)
无4(1.1)5(0.7)
终止妊娠1.3600.244
是264(70.7)565(74.0)
否109(29.3)198(26.0)
总体力活动3.3950.183
不足11(2.9)24(3.1)
活跃203(54.4)371(48.6)
高度活跃159(42.7)368(48.3)
职业性体力活动0.1160.733
不足364(97.6)747(97.9)
活跃9(2.4)16(2.1)
交通行程性体力活动0.5170.472
不足169(45.3)363(47.6)
活跃204(54.7)400(52.4)
家务劳动性体力活动4.4880.034
不足241(64.6)443(58.1)
活跃132(35.4)320(41.9)
休闲性体力活动9.9880.002
不足322(86.3)599(78.5)
活跃51(13.7)164(21.5)
散步4.1460.126
不足73(19.6)173(22.7)
适度46(12.3)117(15.3)
充足254(68.1)473(62.0)
久坐时间0.8710.649
低149(39.9)284(37.2)
中126(33.8)275(36.0)
高98(26.3)204(26.8)
膳食模式0.1620.687
川式高钠红肉模式182(48.8)382(50.1)
河鲜-禽类模式191(51.2)381(49.9)
), ArticleFig(id=1322608096317391825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608067800318819, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

骨质疏松症组与非骨质疏松症组研究对象基本情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量骨质疏松症χ2 (t)值P值
是[例(%)] (n=373)否[例(%)](n=763)
年龄[,岁]68.4(5.0)66.6(5.1)-5.867a<0.001
受教育程度10.5080.005
初中及以下319(85.5)591(77.4)
高中/大专39(10.5)131(17.2)
本科及以上15(4.0)41(5.4)
年收入(万元/年)4.0920.130
<6.0万元193(51.7)351(46.0)
6.0~10.0万元169(45.3)378(49.5)
≥10.0万元11(3.0)34(4.5)
婚姻状况3.5170.061
已婚280(75.1)610(80.0)
未婚/离异/丧偶93(24.9)153(20.0)
吸烟7.8890.005
是10(2.7)5(0.7)
否363(97.3)758(99.3)
喝酒1.4650.226
是59(15.8)143(18.7)
否314(84.2)620(81.3)
喝茶14.296<0.001
是57(15.3)192(25.2)
否316(84.7)571(74.8)
喝咖啡6.9290.008
是0(0.0)14(1.8)
否410(100.0)749(98.2)
初潮年龄[,岁]16.1(2.4)15.4(2.2)-4.544a<0.001
生育0.5540.457
是369(98.9)758(99.3)
无4(1.1)5(0.7)
终止妊娠1.3600.244
是264(70.7)565(74.0)
否109(29.3)198(26.0)
总体力活动3.3950.183
不足11(2.9)24(3.1)
活跃203(54.4)371(48.6)
高度活跃159(42.7)368(48.3)
职业性体力活动0.1160.733
不足364(97.6)747(97.9)
活跃9(2.4)16(2.1)
交通行程性体力活动0.5170.472
不足169(45.3)363(47.6)
活跃204(54.7)400(52.4)
家务劳动性体力活动4.4880.034
不足241(64.6)443(58.1)
活跃132(35.4)320(41.9)
休闲性体力活动9.9880.002
不足322(86.3)599(78.5)
活跃51(13.7)164(21.5)
散步4.1460.126
不足73(19.6)173(22.7)
适度46(12.3)117(15.3)
充足254(68.1)473(62.0)
久坐时间0.8710.649
低149(39.9)284(37.2)
中126(33.8)275(36.0)
高98(26.3)204(26.8)
膳食模式0.1620.687
川式高钠红肉模式182(48.8)382(50.1)
河鲜-禽类模式191(51.2)381(49.9)
), ArticleFig(id=1322608097160446930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608067800318819, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Multivariate logistic analysis of physical activity and osteoporosis

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体力活动类型模型1模型2模型3
OR (95% CI)P值OR (95% CI)P值OR (95% CI)P值
总体力活动
不足1.00
活跃1.19 (0.57~2.49)0.6361.26 (0.60~2.65)0.5431.03 (0.48~2.20)0.930
高度活跃0.94 (0.45~1.97)0.8751.06 (0.50~2.25)0.7740.89 (0.42~1.92)0.774
职业性体力活动
不足1.00
活跃1.15 (0.51~2.64)0.7331.30 (0.56~3.03)0.5381.39 (0.58~3.32)0.455
交通性体力活动不足活跃
不足1.00
活跃1.10 (0.85~1.40)0.4721.09 (0.84~1.40)0.5171.03 (0.79~1.34)0.827
家务性体力活动不足活跃
不足1.00
活跃0.76 (0.59~0.98)0.0340.82 (0.63~1.07)0.1420.85 (0.65~1.11)0.225
休闲性体力活动不足活跃
不足1.00
活跃0.58 (0.41~0.81)0.0020.61 (0.43~0.86)0.0050.65 (0.55~0.93)0.018
散步不足活跃高度活跃
不足1.00
活跃0.93 (0.60~1.44)0.7510.89 (0.57~1.38)0.6000.87 (0.55~1.38)0.555
高度活跃1.27 (0.93~1.74)0.1311.24 (0.90~1.71)0.1811.18 (0.85~1.64)0.321
久坐时间低中高
低1.00
中0.87 (0.65~1.17)0.3590.92 (0.69~1.24)0.5931.01 (0.74~1.37)0.970
高0.92 (0.67~1.25)0.5800.94 (0.68~1.30)0.6960.94 (0.68~1.32)0.739
), ArticleFig(id=1322608097525351379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608067800318819, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

体力活动与骨质疏松症的logistic分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体力活动类型模型1模型2模型3
OR (95% CI)P值OR (95% CI)P值OR (95% CI)P值
总体力活动
不足1.00
活跃1.19 (0.57~2.49)0.6361.26 (0.60~2.65)0.5431.03 (0.48~2.20)0.930
高度活跃0.94 (0.45~1.97)0.8751.06 (0.50~2.25)0.7740.89 (0.42~1.92)0.774
职业性体力活动
不足1.00
活跃1.15 (0.51~2.64)0.7331.30 (0.56~3.03)0.5381.39 (0.58~3.32)0.455
交通性体力活动不足活跃
不足1.00
活跃1.10 (0.85~1.40)0.4721.09 (0.84~1.40)0.5171.03 (0.79~1.34)0.827
家务性体力活动不足活跃
不足1.00
活跃0.76 (0.59~0.98)0.0340.82 (0.63~1.07)0.1420.85 (0.65~1.11)0.225
休闲性体力活动不足活跃
不足1.00
活跃0.58 (0.41~0.81)0.0020.61 (0.43~0.86)0.0050.65 (0.55~0.93)0.018
散步不足活跃高度活跃
不足1.00
活跃0.93 (0.60~1.44)0.7510.89 (0.57~1.38)0.6000.87 (0.55~1.38)0.555
高度活跃1.27 (0.93~1.74)0.1311.24 (0.90~1.71)0.1811.18 (0.85~1.64)0.321
久坐时间低中高
低1.00
中0.87 (0.65~1.17)0.3590.92 (0.69~1.24)0.5931.01 (0.74~1.37)0.970
高0.92 (0.67~1.25)0.5800.94 (0.68~1.30)0.6960.94 (0.68~1.32)0.739
), ArticleFig(id=1322608097617626068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608067800318819, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multivariate logistic analysis of dietary patterns and osteoporosis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
膳食模式模型1模型2模型3
OR (95% CI)P值OR (95% CI)P值OR (95% CI)P值
川式高钠红肉模式
Q11.00
Q20.98(0.70~1.39)0.9301.02(0.72~1.45)0.8961.00(0.69~1.43)0.979
Q30.99(0.70~1.40)0.9761.06(0.75~1.51)0.7391.09(0.76~1.57)0.631
Q40.70(0.49~1.00)0.0490.73(0.51~1.05)0.0930.71(0.49~1.04)0.076
河鲜-禽类模式
Q11.00
Q20.76(0.53~1.07)0.1130.79(0.56~1.12)0.1910.87(0.60~1.25)0.443
Q30.83(0.59~1.17)0.2800.86(0.60~1.21)0.3860.99(0.69~1.42)0.962
Q40.63(0.44~0.90)0.0110.73(0.51~1.04)0.0820.89(0.61~1.31)0.564
), ArticleFig(id=1322608097919615957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608067800318819, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

膳食模式与骨质疏松的多因素logistic分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
膳食模式模型1模型2模型3
OR (95% CI)P值OR (95% CI)P值OR (95% CI)P值
川式高钠红肉模式
Q11.00
Q20.98(0.70~1.39)0.9301.02(0.72~1.45)0.8961.00(0.69~1.43)0.979
Q30.99(0.70~1.40)0.9761.06(0.75~1.51)0.7391.09(0.76~1.57)0.631
Q40.70(0.49~1.00)0.0490.73(0.51~1.05)0.0930.71(0.49~1.04)0.076
河鲜-禽类模式
Q11.00
Q20.76(0.53~1.07)0.1130.79(0.56~1.12)0.1910.87(0.60~1.25)0.443
Q30.83(0.59~1.17)0.2800.86(0.60~1.21)0.3860.99(0.69~1.42)0.962
Q40.63(0.44~0.90)0.0110.73(0.51~1.04)0.0820.89(0.61~1.31)0.564
), ArticleFig(id=1322608099643474902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608067800318819, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The interaction between physical activity and dietary patterns on the impact of osteoporosis

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体力活动河鲜-禽类模式川式高钠红肉模式交互作用P值
调整OR (95% CI)aP值调整OR (95% CI)aP值
步行0.008
不足0.62 (0.39~1.00)0.0511.87 (0.97~3.62)0.062
活跃0.40 (0.22~0.75)0.0043.15 (1.40~7.09)0.006
高度活跃1.00-0.64 (0.46~ 0.89)0.007
), ArticleFig(id=1322608100037739479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608067800318819, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

体力活动和膳食模式交互作用对骨质疏松的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体力活动河鲜-禽类模式川式高钠红肉模式交互作用P值
调整OR (95% CI)aP值调整OR (95% CI)aP值
步行0.008
不足0.62 (0.39~1.00)0.0511.87 (0.97~3.62)0.062
活跃0.40 (0.22~0.75)0.0043.15 (1.40~7.09)0.006
高度活跃1.00-0.64 (0.46~ 0.89)0.007
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西南地区绝经后女性体力活动与膳食模式对骨质疏松症的关联研究——基于成都市郫都区的横断面调查
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邓艳萍 1 , 李东梅 1 , 刘晓燕 1 , 邓琴 2 , 张韬 2 , 龙璐 2 , 廖加强 2 , 樊萌语 2 , 汪川 2 , 张本 2, 3 , 李佳圆 2 , 姜侠 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(20): 3649-3655
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2025 , 52 (20) : 3649 -3655
西南地区绝经后女性体力活动与膳食模式对骨质疏松症的关联研究——基于成都市郫都区的横断面调查
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邓艳萍1, 李东梅1, 刘晓燕1, 邓琴2 , 张韬2, 龙璐2, 廖加强2, 樊萌语2, 汪川2, 张本2, 3, 李佳圆2, 姜侠2
作者信息
  • 1.成都市郫都区红光街道社区卫生服务中心,四川 成都 611743
  • 2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院
  • 3.海南医科大学附属海南总医院
通讯作者:
邓琴,E-mail:
作者简介:

邓艳萍(1980—),女,本科,副主任医师,研究方向:宫颈癌防治

The association between physical activity, dietary patterns, and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Southwest China: a cross-sectional survey based on Pidu District, Chengdu
Yan-ping DENG1, Dong-mei LI1, Xiao-yan LIU1, Qin DENG2 , Tao ZHANG2, Lu LONG2, Jia-qiang LIAO2, Meng-yu FAN2, Chuan WANG2, Ben ZHANG2, 3, Jia-yuan LI2, xia JIANG2
Affiliations
  • Community Health Service Center, Hongguang Street, Pidu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611743, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504096
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背景

绝经后骨质疏松症(Postmenopausal osteoporosis, PMOP)在老年女性中患病率高,但目前对体力活动类型效应和地域特异性膳食模式的关联研究尚不充分,需开展大样本横断面研究解析其影响因素。

目的

分析体力活动和膳食模式与绝经后骨质疏松症的影响及其交互作用。

方法

本研究于2022年5月在四川成都郫都区红光镇对60岁及以上绝经后女性进行基线调查,采用国际体力活动问卷和食物频率问卷分别评估体力活动水平和膳食信息,并通过双能X线测定骨密度,利用多因素logistic回归分析独立效应及交互作用。

结果

研究纳入1 136名绝经后女性,平均年龄为67.2±5.1岁,PMOP患病率为32.8%。结果显示,休闲性体力活动与PMOP患病率呈负相关(OR=0.64,95% CI:0.45~0.92)。川式高钠红肉模式(OR=0.70,95% CI:0.49~1.00)和河鲜-禽类模式(OR=0.63,95% CI:0.44~0.90)仅在未校正时负相关。交互作用分析表明,散步与膳食模式存在协同效应(交互作用P=0.008)。而其他体力活动类型未显示交互作用。

结论

体力活动和膳食模式对PMOP存在独立及协同作用,提示提示防控PMOP需综合考虑两者影响。本研究为西南地区绝经后女性骨质疏松症的运动与膳食干预提供了地域适配线索,未来需通过多中心研究验证结论的普适性。

体力活动  /  膳食模式  /  绝经后女性  /  骨质疏松症
Background

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is highly prevalent among elderly women. Current research on the effects of physical activity types and region-specific dietary patterns is insufficient. Large-scale cross-sectional studies are needed to analyze these multidimensional factors.

Objective

To investigate the impact of physical activity and dietary patterns on PMOP and their interaction effects.

Methods

In May 2022, a baseline survey was conducted among postmenopausal women aged 60 and above in Hongguang Town, Pidu District, Chengdu. Physical activity levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and dietary information was collected via a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis, and bone density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the independent and interaction effects.

Results

A total of 1 136 postmenopausal women (mean age 67.2±5.1 years) were included, with a PMOP prevalence of 32.8%. After adjustment, recreational physical activity was negatively associated with PMOP (OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.45-0.92). The Sichuan-style high-sodium red meat pattern and freshwater fish–poultry pattern showed no significant association after adjustment. Interaction analysis revealed that walking had a significant synergistic effect with dietary patterns (Pinteraction=0.008), while other physical activities did not.

Conclusion

Physical activity and dietary patterns have independent and synergistic effects on PMOP. This study provides region-specific clues for exercise and dietary interventions for PMOP in Southwest China. Future research should validate these findings through multicenter studies.

Physical activity levels  /  Dietary patterns  /  Postmenopausal women  /  Osteoporosis
邓艳萍, 李东梅, 刘晓燕, 邓琴, 张韬, 龙璐, 廖加强, 樊萌语, 汪川, 张本, 李佳圆, 姜侠. 西南地区绝经后女性体力活动与膳食模式对骨质疏松症的关联研究——基于成都市郫都区的横断面调查. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (20) : 3649 -3655 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504096
Yan-ping DENG, Dong-mei LI, Xiao-yan LIU, Qin DENG, Tao ZHANG, Lu LONG, Jia-qiang LIAO, Meng-yu FAN, Chuan WANG, Ben ZHANG, Jia-yuan LI, xia JIANG. The association between physical activity, dietary patterns, and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Southwest China: a cross-sectional survey based on Pidu District, Chengdu[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (20) : 3649 -3655 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504096
骨质疏松症以骨密度下降和骨微结构恶化为特征,显著增加骨折风险[1]。我国50岁以上人群患病率19.2%,女性尤为高(32.1%)[2]。绝经后骨质疏松症(Postmenopausal osteoporosis, PMOP)是主要亚型,核心病理是雌激素骤降导致的骨吸收/形成失衡[3],幅提升椎体和髋部骨折风险[4]。
规律体力活动是重要的保护因素,可降低骨质疏松风险15%~30%[5-7]。但现有研究多聚焦特定运动形式(如抗阻训练、冲击性运动)[8-10]或项目[11-12],缺乏对PMOP人群不同体力活动类型(强度、频率、组合)效应的系统比较。
膳食模式(dietary pattern,DP)的定义是“摄入的膳食中不同食物和饮料的数量、比例、种类或组合,及其消费频率”。膳食模式作为可调节的生活方式,与骨质疏松症密切相关[13]。与单一营养素不同,膳食模式反映了个体长期的饮食习惯,能全面评估食物和营养素之间的协同与拮抗作用。因此,探讨膳食模式对健康的影响更加全面。而不同人群中提取的膳食模式与绝经后骨质疏松症的关联存在差异[14]。例如,西方研究支持地中海饮食和DASH饮食的保护作用[15-16];一项约旦的病例对照研究表明“高果蔬”饮食模式可能对骨质疏松症的风险产生保护作用,而“不健康/西方”和“高蛋白”饮食模式对骨质疏松症的风险具有积极影响[17];新疆地区提取的5类膳食模式均未显示显著关联[18],这表明饮食文化差异可能通过营养素协同作用影响骨骼健康。然而,兼具高盐传统和独特饮食的四川地区,其膳食模式与PMOP的关联尚属空白。
本研究基于华西老年健康队列基线数据,首次系统探讨成都地区绝经女性体力活动类型、膳食模式及其交互作用对PMOP的影响,为制定西南地区针对性防控策略提供循证依据。
基于华西老年人群健康队列基线数据(2022年5月—2023年12月),采用整群抽样的方法选取四川省成都市郫都区红光镇作为研究现场,从10 651名基线调查人群中筛选符合标准的绝经后女性[19]。纳入标准:①自然绝经≥1年;②完成骨密度检测及问卷;③未使用骨代谢相关药物。排除标准:①早绝经(年龄<40岁);②继发性骨质疏松及其他影响骨代谢的疾病。研究经四川大学华西第四医院医学伦理委员会批准(HXSY-EC-2022034),所有参与者签署知情同意书。具体纳入排除标准流程详见图1。
(1)体力活动:采用《国际体力活动问卷(中文版)》评估研究对象近1年内活动情况,包括职业性、家务劳动性、交通行程性和休闲性体力活动。通过询问活动的时间、频率和强度等,赋予每项活动相应的代谢当量(metabolic equivalent, MET)值。各项活动的MET值相加,得出总的体力活动MET值。根据国际专家组标准,将总体力活动分为三类:体力不足(<600 MET·min/周)、活跃(600-3 000 MET·min/周)、高度活跃(≥3 000 MET·min/周)。单项活动按参与频率(活跃/不足)分类;散步根据研究对象自报每日散步时间分为低(<0.5小时)、中(0.5~1小时)和高(≥1小时);久坐行为根据研究对象自报每日休闲静坐时间(包括看电视、电脑等)分为低(<3小时)、中(3~6小时)和高(≥6小时)。《国际体力活动问卷(中文版)》已通过中国人群验证(Cronbach α>0.8。
(2)膳食模式:通过食物频率问卷调查对象过去一年内11类食物和平均食用量。包括红肉、家禽、蔬菜、粗杂粮、薯类、豆制品、河鲜、海鲜、菌类、蛋类、奶类。使用因子分析法获取调查对象的膳食模式,将个体每天每类食物的平均摄入量纳入分析,进行Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin(KMO)检验(KMO>0.5)和Bartlett球形检验(P<0.05)评价数据是否适用于因子分析,通过主成分分析法提取公因子,根据碎石图、特征根、方差贡献率综合确定公因子个数,进行最大方差正交旋转,再根据旋转后因子载荷绝对值较大的食物种类以及食物组合特性,最终确立膳食模式并进行命名。每一个个体会根据其因子得分进行评估,得分越高,表示其膳食模式与整体模式的契合度越强。根据因子得分,将个体按照四分位数划分为四个组(Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4)。
(3)骨质疏松症:参照WHO标准及中国指南[20],采用双能X射线骨密度仪检测腰椎(L1-L4)及股骨颈骨密度。以中国女性峰值骨密度为基准,计算T值(T=实测值-峰值均值/标准差),任一部位T≤-2.5即诊断为骨质疏松症。
采用R 4.3.1统计学软件进行数据分析。定量资料以表示,定性资料以频数(百分比)表示。组间比较采用独立样本t检验或χ2检验。构建多因素logistic回归模型分析体力活动、膳食模式与绝经后骨质疏松症之间的表型关联。分别将各类型体力活动和每个膳食模式作为暴露,绝经后骨质疏松症作为结局变量。并计算比值比(odds ratio,OR)及其95%置信区间(95% confidence interval,95% CI)。并且本研究将各种体力活动类型和膳食模式交互项作为自变量建立二元logistic回归方程,分析体力活动与膳食模式交互效应在绝经女性骨质疏松症发病危险中的作用。回归模型分为四个步骤:模型1:未调整任何协变量;模型2:调整年龄、家庭年收入、婚姻状况、文化程度;模型3:模型2+生活方式(吸烟、饮酒、喝茶、咖啡)及生理生育因素(初潮年龄、生育)。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
最终纳入符合标准的绝经后女性1 136例,平均年龄为(67.2±5.1)岁。人口学特征显示:已婚占78.3%(n=890)、初中及以下学历占80.1%(n=910)、年收入在6~10万的人群占48.1%(n=547)。在生活习惯中,不吸烟的占98.7%(n=1 121)、不饮酒者占82.2%(n=934)、不喝茶者占78.1%(n=887)、不喝咖啡者占98.8%(n=1 122)。
根据骨密度测量结果,患有骨质疏松症的妇女为373人,未患骨质疏松症的妇女为763人,绝经后骨质疏松症的患病率为32.8%。PMOP患者与非PMOP患者年收入、婚姻状况、喝酒、生育、终止妊娠比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与PMOP患者相比,PMOP患者在年龄、文化程度、吸烟、饮茶、饮咖啡、初潮年龄、家务劳动和休闲体力活动等方面的分布差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中PMOP的年龄大于非PMOP患者的年龄。见表1。
以是否患PMOP为因变量(赋值:否=0,是=1),体力活动为自变量,进行logistic回归分析,结果显示,未调整混杂因素时,与休闲体力活动不足者相比,活跃者的PMOP患病可能性显著降低(OR=0.58,95% CI: 0.41~0.81),家务性体力活动亦显示与较低PMOP患病可能性相关(OR=0.76,95% CI: 0.59~0.98)。在调整了年龄、年收入、婚姻状况、文化程度、生活习惯等因素后,休闲性体力活动仍与PMOP患病率呈负向关联(OR=0.65,95% CI: 0.46~0.93)。见表2。
对11类食物进行KMO检验和Bartlett球形检验,KMO值为0.75, Bartlett球形检验P<0.001。综合特征根、碎石图和因子可解释性最终保留前2个特征根>1的公因子(2.35,1.30),进行最大方差正交旋转后,方差贡献率分别为18.16%、10.75%,累积贡献率为28.91%。保留旋转后因子载荷>0.30的食物种类,并根据食物的特性命名了2种膳食模式:川式高钠红肉模式和河鲜-禽类模式。将个体归类到因子得分最高的膳食模式后,川式高钠红肉模式564人(49.6%)、河鲜-禽类模式572人(50.4%)。
以是否患PMOP为因变量,膳食模式为自变量进行logistic分析,结果显示,在未调整任何混杂因素时,红肉(OR=0.70,95% CI: 0.49~1.00)和河鲜-禽类模式(OR=0.63,95% CI: 0.44~0.90)因子积分四分位数Q4与Q1相比,均与PMOP患病可能性呈显著负相关,但调整后无统计学意义。见表3。
将体力活动和膳食模式的交互项引入模型,校正年龄、家庭年收入、婚姻状况、文化程度、吸烟、饮酒、喝、咖啡、初潮年龄、生育史等因素后,仅散步与膳食模式对PMOP影响表现出显著的交互效应(交互作用P=0.008)。见表4。
本研究共纳入1 136名研究对象,骨质疏松症患病率为(32.8%),低于天津(52.1%)[21]、佛山(33.1%)[22],高于杭州(32.6%)[23]。地域差异可能与经济水平、饮食结果、日照时长及骨密度检测部位有关。本样本特征与区域公共数据高度吻合:绝经年龄(49.2岁)契合全国女性均值(48-52岁);初中及以下学历占比(80.1%)高于全国农村女性(36.8%),反映西南教育资源不足;年收入<6万元者(47.8%)与西南农村人均收入(约为全国80%)一致。
研究发现,休闲性体力活动与PMOP呈负相关,而其他体力活动影响不显著。其他研究也发现啦啦操[24]、太极[24]和普拉提[25]改善骨骼健康。但步行对预防骨质疏松症无显著作用。休闲性运动可能通过增加骨髓间充质干细胞分化来增强骨骼健康[26-27]。此外,休闲时间锻炼的人有更多的阳光照射,促进维生素D合成来增强骨骼健康[28]。本研究未发现高久坐时间与骨质疏松症的统计学关联,这与一些研究存在不一致[25,29-30]。职业体力活动、交通行程体力活动和家务劳动体力活动并未显著提高预防绝经后骨质疏松症的效果。然而,一项病例对照研究发现长期从事中度至重度体力劳动工作超过20年的个体,在髋部骨折方面具有较强的保护作用[31]。这些结果的不一致性可能与样本量、运动时间差异以及体力活动类型或测量方式的不同有关。
本研究基于成都绝经女性食物频率问卷,识别出“川式高钠红肉模式”和“河鲜-禽类模式”。初步分析显示,两种模式均与骨密度正相关,但校正混杂因素后关联消失。红肉中的饱和脂肪可能通过促炎机制影响骨代谢[32-33],而鱼类富含的n-3脂肪酸通过抗炎作用改善骨质量[34-35]。值得注意的是,西方研究中红肉摄入的负面效应在亚洲饮食背景下尚未明确,可能与膳食结构差异有关[36]。维生素D营养状态是重要调节因素,菌菇等富含维生素D的食物摄入可能增强膳食模式的骨保护效应[37]。
研究表明,体力活动与膳食模式对骨质疏松的交互效应存在异质性。散步作为低强度负重运动,与膳食模式协同作用显著,通过优化骨骼代谢微环境提升骨密度并降低骨折发生率。职业性、交通性等其他类型体力活动未显示交互效应。这可能与其非规律性、强度不足(如家务活动多为间歇性低负荷)或个体适应性差异有关,提示骨骼健康干预需注重运动类型的靶向性。例如,久坐行为虽与膳食无显著交互,但其独立负面影响仍不容忽视。未来研究需深入解析运动强度、频率与膳食营养的协同路径,并建立基于个体骨代谢特征的运动-营养精准干预模型。
本研究存在局限性:数据来源依赖问卷调查,可能存在回忆偏倚;仅使用基线数据,无法反映随访期间生活方式变化;饮食摄入评估不全面,可能导致偏倚;作为横断面研究无法判断因果关系;可能存在未识别或未充分测量的混杂因素。综上,休闲性体力活动和红肉、白肉膳食模式与绝经后妇女骨质疏松症显著负相关。未来需开展更大规模调查,进一步探讨体力活动和均衡膳食在骨质疏松防治中的作用。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3600604)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504096
  • 接收时间:2025-04-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-06
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    1.成都市郫都区红光街道社区卫生服务中心,四川 成都 611743
    2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院
    3.海南医科大学附属海南总医院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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total species (%)
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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