Article(id=1322608053233496269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505140, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746892800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793263932759, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1762704000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793263932759, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793263932759, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793263932759, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322608013010120712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='21', pageStart='3841', pageEnd='4032', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1762704000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793263923169, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793264266929, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322609454932149086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322609454932149087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3860, endPage=3865, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322608053669703886, articleId=1322608053233496269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Relationship between health literacy and self-management behaviors in elderly individuals with chronic comorbidities: the chain mediating effect of family health and self-efficacy, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the chain mediating effect of family health and self-efficacy in the relationship between health literacy and self-management behaviors in older adults with chronic comorbidities.

Methods

Based on data from the 2021 Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents, 310 patients aged ≥60 years with chronic comorbidities were selected for the study. They were investigated using the Health Literacy Scale (HLS-SF12), Chronic Disease Self-Management Behavior Scale, Family Health Scale (FHS-SF), and New General Self-Efficacy Scale (NGSES). Partial correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between health literacy, family health, self-efficacy, and self-management behaviors. The chain mediating effect was analyzed using Model 6 of the PROCESS 4.2 plugin in SPSS 27.0.

Results

Family health and self-efficacy played a chain mediating role in the relationship between health literacy and self-management behaviors. The direct effect of health literacy on self-management behaviors was significant (β=0.446, 95% CI: 0.239-0.653), accounting for 66.87% of the total effect. The separate mediating effect of family health was significant (β=0.071, 95% CI: 0.004-0.154), accounting for 10.64% of the total effect. The separate mediating effect of self-efficacy was significant (β=0.117, 95% CI: 0.043-0.206), accounting for 17.54% of the total effect. The chain mediating effect of family health and self-efficacy was also significant (β=0.034, 95% CI: 0.010-0.067), accounting for 5.10% of the total effect.

Conclusion

Health literacy not only directly influences self-management behaviors of elderly patients with chronic comorbidities, but also indirectly through family health and self-efficacy as separate or chain-mediated pathways. It is recommended to promote the self-management behaviors of elderly patients with chronic comorbidities in a multidimensional way by enhancing health literacy, improving the family health environment, and increasing self-efficacy.

, authors=Ling-ting WANG1, Qiang WANG2, Xiao-long MA3, Ke-yu SONG1, Jian WANG4, Guo-wen WANG5, Yang DU6, authorsList=Ling-ting WANG, Qiang WANG, Xiao-long MA, Ke-yu SONG, Jian WANG, Guo-wen WANG, Yang DU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guo-wen WANG, Yang DU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322608056576356565, articleId=1322608053233496269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=老年慢性病共病患者健康素养与自我管理行为的关系——家庭健康与自我效能感的链式中介作用, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨家庭健康与自我效能感在老年慢性病共病患者健康素养与自我管理行为关系中的链式中介作用。

方法

基于2021年中国居民心理与行为调查研究数据,选取310例≥60岁的慢性病共病患者作为研究对象,采用健康素养量表(HLS-SF12)、慢性病自我管理行为量表、家庭健康量表(FHS-SF)和新的一般自我效能感量表(NGSES)进行调查。运用偏相关分析探究健康素养、家庭健康、自我效能感与自我管理行为的相关性,并通过SPSS 27.0中的PROCESS 4.2程序Model 6构建链式中介模型。

结果

家庭健康与自我效能感在健康素养与自我管理行为关系中发挥链式中介作用。健康素养对自我管理行为的直接效应显著(β=0.446,95% CI:0.239~0.653),占总效应的66.87%;家庭健康的单独中介效应显著(β=0.071,95% CI:0.004~0.154),占总效应的10.64%;自我效能感的单独中介效应显著(β= 0.117,95% CI:0.043~0.206),占总效应的17.54%;家庭健康与自我效能感的链式中介效应显著(β=0.034,95% CI:0.010~0.067),占总效应的5.10%。

结论

健康素养不仅直接影响老年慢性病共病患者的自我管理行为,还可通过家庭健康和自我效能感的单独或链式中介路径间接发挥作用。建议通过提升健康素养、改善家庭健康环境及增强自我效能感,多维度促进老年慢性病共病患者的自我管理行为。

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王灵婷(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与卫生事业管理

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王国文,E-mail:;
杜杨,E-mail:;王国文与杜杨为共同通信作者
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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Relationship between health literacy and health-related quality of Life among residents in Qingdao:mediating effect of self-efficacy and moderating effect of chronic disease status, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322608070396588315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, awardId=2022YGKT09, language=CN, fundingSource=中国科学技术协会“科创中国”研究课题(2022YGKT09), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322608070488863004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, awardId=24CRKJ02, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省社科规划研究项目(24CRKJ02), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322608070799241501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, awardId=202315010337, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省医药卫生科技项目(202315010337), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322608056945455318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608056958038231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, companyId=1322608056945455318, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250117, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608056966426840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, companyId=1322608056945455318, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院),山东 济南 250117)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322608057029341401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608057041924314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, companyId=1322608057029341401, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.山东第一医科大学附属省立医院医院办公室)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322608057150976219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608057159364828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, companyId=1322608057150976219, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.青岛心血管病医院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322608057364885725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608057394245854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, companyId=1322608057364885725, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.山东第二医科大学管理学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322608057822064863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608057830453472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, companyId=1322608057822064863, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.山东第一医科大学附属省立医院教学部,山东 济南 250021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322608058199552225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, xref=6., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608058207940834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, companyId=1322608058199552225, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6.山东第一医科大学第一附属医院(山东省千佛山医院),山东 济南 250014)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322608067892588817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Chain mediation model, figureFileSmall=x5lA/zbfGgyKOo2UKyN/Qw==, figureFileBig=aU7vKVdEDjqzChgrHZf7+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608068261687570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, language=CN, label=图1, caption=链式中介模型

注:*P<0.05;**P<0.01;***P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=x5lA/zbfGgyKOo2UKyN/Qw==, figureFileBig=aU7vKVdEDjqzChgrHZf7+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608068727255315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of scale scores among patients with chronic comorbidities [(),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量例数变量得分
健康素养自我管理行为家庭健康自我效能感
总样本3102.67±0.512.81±0.843.52±0.503.48±0.67
性别
男147(47.42)2.76±0.492.88±0.873.50±0.503.52±0.65
女163(52.58)2.60±0.522.74±0.803.54±0.493.45±0.68
t值2.714**1.445-0.6890.901
P值0.0070.1490.4910.368
年龄(岁)
60~6562(20.00)2.80±0.463.06±0.833.57±0.473.61±0.52
66~7067(21.61)2.63±0.562.74±0.833.50±0.563.39±0.76
71~7590(29.03)2.70±0.512.63±0.853.51±0.483.48±0.65
76~8056(18.06)2.61±0.462.96±0.683.52±0.423.56±0.62
>8035(11.29)2.59±0.542.70±0.943.49±0.573.32±0.79
F值1.5253.102*0.2241.620
P值0.1950.0160.9250.169
居住地
城镇182(58.71)2.78±0.502.85±0.833.57±0.483.60±0.67
农村128(41.29)2.52±0.482.75±0.843.45±0.513.32±0.63
t值4.606***1.0202.096*3.628***
P值<0.0010.3090.037<0.001
家庭人均月收入(元)
≤3 000133(42.90)2.51±0.512.76±0.833.49±0.513.36±0.64
3 001~6 000118(38.06)2.81±0.472.89±0.883.51±0.493.53±0.67
>6 00059(19.03)2.77±0.472.75±0.773.59±0.483.66±0.67
F值13.223***0.9360.9484.629*
P值<0.0010.3930.3890.010
学历
未接受正规学历教育63(20.32)2.30±0.492.54±0.803.48±0.563.20±0.67
小学84(27.10)2.55±0.442.76±0.713.46±0.423.31±0.65
初中75(24.19)2.82±0.422.87±0.843.49±0.473.58±0.58
中专/高中50(16.13)2.90±0.492.97±0.863.63±0.453.86±0.61
大专及以上38(12.26)2.98±0.423.04±1.023.63±0.623.66±0.62
F值21.835***3.139*1.49110.314***
P值<0.0010.0150.205<0.001
婚姻状况
已婚217(70.00)2.72±0.502.83±0.823.56±0.483.53±0.65
未婚8(2.58)2.81±0.493.40±0.693.24±0.363.35±0.50
离异5(1.61)2.80±0.964.29±1.403.38±1.153.48±0.97
丧偶80(25.81)2.52±0.472.61±0.753.45±0.473.37±0.71
F值3.479*8.771***1.9271.369
P值0.016<0.0010.1250.252
是否独居
是50(16.13)2.57±0.562.98±0.903.37±0.543.44±0.71
否260(83.87)2.69±0.502.77±0.823.55±0.483.49±0.66
t值-1.6061.637-2.266*-0.474
P值0.1090.1030.0240.636
子女数量(个)
011(3.55)2.63±0.633.17±0.583.25±0.493.42±0.58
172(23.23)2.80±0.522.85±0.883.62±0.523.66±0.62
2115(37.10)2.69±0.472.81±0.823.46±0.483.46±0.63
≥3112(36.13)2.58±0.522.74±0.853.54±0.483.40±0.72
F值3.060*1.0042.775*2.349
P值0.0290.3910.0420.073
), ArticleFig(id=1322608069096354068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

慢性病共病患者各量表得分比较[(),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量例数变量得分
健康素养自我管理行为家庭健康自我效能感
总样本3102.67±0.512.81±0.843.52±0.503.48±0.67
性别
男147(47.42)2.76±0.492.88±0.873.50±0.503.52±0.65
女163(52.58)2.60±0.522.74±0.803.54±0.493.45±0.68
t值2.714**1.445-0.6890.901
P值0.0070.1490.4910.368
年龄(岁)
60~6562(20.00)2.80±0.463.06±0.833.57±0.473.61±0.52
66~7067(21.61)2.63±0.562.74±0.833.50±0.563.39±0.76
71~7590(29.03)2.70±0.512.63±0.853.51±0.483.48±0.65
76~8056(18.06)2.61±0.462.96±0.683.52±0.423.56±0.62
>8035(11.29)2.59±0.542.70±0.943.49±0.573.32±0.79
F值1.5253.102*0.2241.620
P值0.1950.0160.9250.169
居住地
城镇182(58.71)2.78±0.502.85±0.833.57±0.483.60±0.67
农村128(41.29)2.52±0.482.75±0.843.45±0.513.32±0.63
t值4.606***1.0202.096*3.628***
P值<0.0010.3090.037<0.001
家庭人均月收入(元)
≤3 000133(42.90)2.51±0.512.76±0.833.49±0.513.36±0.64
3 001~6 000118(38.06)2.81±0.472.89±0.883.51±0.493.53±0.67
>6 00059(19.03)2.77±0.472.75±0.773.59±0.483.66±0.67
F值13.223***0.9360.9484.629*
P值<0.0010.3930.3890.010
学历
未接受正规学历教育63(20.32)2.30±0.492.54±0.803.48±0.563.20±0.67
小学84(27.10)2.55±0.442.76±0.713.46±0.423.31±0.65
初中75(24.19)2.82±0.422.87±0.843.49±0.473.58±0.58
中专/高中50(16.13)2.90±0.492.97±0.863.63±0.453.86±0.61
大专及以上38(12.26)2.98±0.423.04±1.023.63±0.623.66±0.62
F值21.835***3.139*1.49110.314***
P值<0.0010.0150.205<0.001
婚姻状况
已婚217(70.00)2.72±0.502.83±0.823.56±0.483.53±0.65
未婚8(2.58)2.81±0.493.40±0.693.24±0.363.35±0.50
离异5(1.61)2.80±0.964.29±1.403.38±1.153.48±0.97
丧偶80(25.81)2.52±0.472.61±0.753.45±0.473.37±0.71
F值3.479*8.771***1.9271.369
P值0.016<0.0010.1250.252
是否独居
是50(16.13)2.57±0.562.98±0.903.37±0.543.44±0.71
否260(83.87)2.69±0.502.77±0.823.55±0.483.49±0.66
t值-1.6061.637-2.266*-0.474
P值0.1090.1030.0240.636
子女数量(个)
011(3.55)2.63±0.633.17±0.583.25±0.493.42±0.58
172(23.23)2.80±0.522.85±0.883.62±0.523.66±0.62
2115(37.10)2.69±0.472.81±0.823.46±0.483.46±0.63
≥3112(36.13)2.58±0.522.74±0.853.54±0.483.40±0.72
F值3.060*1.0042.775*2.349
P值0.0290.3910.0420.073
), ArticleFig(id=1322608069171851541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Partial correlation analysis results of main variables (r)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量健康素养自我管理行为家庭健康自我效能感
健康素养1.000
自我管理行为0.368***1.000
家庭健康0.303***0.284***1.000
自我效能感0.425***0.353***0.415***1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1322608069234766102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

主要变量的偏相关分析结果(r)

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变量健康素养自我管理行为家庭健康自我效能感
健康素养1.000
自我管理行为0.368***1.000
家庭健康0.303***0.284***1.000
自我效能感0.425***0.353***0.415***1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1322608069612253463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Chain mediation model analysis results

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变量自我管理行为家庭健康自我效能感自我管理行为
βtβtβtβt
健康素养0.6676.8490.3295.5140.4646.3550.4464.231
家庭健康0.4086.0690.2142.218
自我效能感0.2523.217
R2值0.1920.1330.3530.248
F值7.900***5.128***16.296***8.946***
), ArticleFig(id=1322608069939409176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

链式中介模型分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量自我管理行为家庭健康自我效能感自我管理行为
βtβtβtβt
健康素养0.6676.8490.3295.5140.4646.3550.4464.231
家庭健康0.4086.0690.2142.218
自我效能感0.2523.217
R2值0.1920.1330.3530.248
F值7.900***5.128***16.296***8.946***
), ArticleFig(id=1322608070027489561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Chain mediation path effect analysis results

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效应路径β(95% CI)标准误效应(%)
总效应0.667(0.476~0.859)0.097100.00
直接效应0.446(0.239~0.653)0.10566.87
中介效应中介效应总量0.221(0.112~0.351)0.06233.13
路径10.071(0.004~0.154)0.03910.64
路径20.117(0.043~0.206)0.04117.54
路径30.034(0.010~0.067)0.0155.10
), ArticleFig(id=1322608070123958554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608053233496269, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

链式中介路径效应分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应路径β(95% CI)标准误效应(%)
总效应0.667(0.476~0.859)0.097100.00
直接效应0.446(0.239~0.653)0.10566.87
中介效应中介效应总量0.221(0.112~0.351)0.06233.13
路径10.071(0.004~0.154)0.03910.64
路径20.117(0.043~0.206)0.04117.54
路径30.034(0.010~0.067)0.0155.10
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老年慢性病共病患者健康素养与自我管理行为的关系——家庭健康与自我效能感的链式中介作用
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王灵婷 1 , 王强 2 , 马晓龙 3 , 宋科瑜 1 , 王健 4 , 王国文 5 , 杜杨 6
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(21): 3860-3865
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2025 , 52 (21) : 3860 -3865
老年慢性病共病患者健康素养与自我管理行为的关系——家庭健康与自我效能感的链式中介作用
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王灵婷1, 王强2, 马晓龙3, 宋科瑜1, 王健4, 王国文5 , 杜杨6
作者信息
  • 1.山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院),山东 济南 250117
  • 2.山东第一医科大学附属省立医院医院办公室
  • 3.青岛心血管病医院
  • 4.山东第二医科大学管理学院
  • 5.山东第一医科大学附属省立医院教学部,山东 济南 250021
  • 6.山东第一医科大学第一附属医院(山东省千佛山医院),山东 济南 250014
通讯作者:
王国文,E-mail:;
杜杨,E-mail:;王国文与杜杨为共同通信作者
作者简介:

王灵婷(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与卫生事业管理

Relationship between health literacy and self-management behaviors in elderly individuals with chronic comorbidities: the chain mediating effect of family health and self-efficacy
Ling-ting WANG1, Qiang WANG2, Xiao-long MA3, Ke-yu SONG1, Jian WANG4, Guo-wen WANG5 , Yang DU6
Affiliations
  • Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
出版时间: 2025-11-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505140
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目的

探讨家庭健康与自我效能感在老年慢性病共病患者健康素养与自我管理行为关系中的链式中介作用。

方法

基于2021年中国居民心理与行为调查研究数据,选取310例≥60岁的慢性病共病患者作为研究对象,采用健康素养量表(HLS-SF12)、慢性病自我管理行为量表、家庭健康量表(FHS-SF)和新的一般自我效能感量表(NGSES)进行调查。运用偏相关分析探究健康素养、家庭健康、自我效能感与自我管理行为的相关性,并通过SPSS 27.0中的PROCESS 4.2程序Model 6构建链式中介模型。

结果

家庭健康与自我效能感在健康素养与自我管理行为关系中发挥链式中介作用。健康素养对自我管理行为的直接效应显著(β=0.446,95% CI:0.239~0.653),占总效应的66.87%;家庭健康的单独中介效应显著(β=0.071,95% CI:0.004~0.154),占总效应的10.64%;自我效能感的单独中介效应显著(β= 0.117,95% CI:0.043~0.206),占总效应的17.54%;家庭健康与自我效能感的链式中介效应显著(β=0.034,95% CI:0.010~0.067),占总效应的5.10%。

结论

健康素养不仅直接影响老年慢性病共病患者的自我管理行为,还可通过家庭健康和自我效能感的单独或链式中介路径间接发挥作用。建议通过提升健康素养、改善家庭健康环境及增强自我效能感,多维度促进老年慢性病共病患者的自我管理行为。

慢性病共病  /  健康素养  /  家庭健康  /  自我效能感  /  自我管理行为
Objective

To investigate the chain mediating effect of family health and self-efficacy in the relationship between health literacy and self-management behaviors in older adults with chronic comorbidities.

Methods

Based on data from the 2021 Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents, 310 patients aged ≥60 years with chronic comorbidities were selected for the study. They were investigated using the Health Literacy Scale (HLS-SF12), Chronic Disease Self-Management Behavior Scale, Family Health Scale (FHS-SF), and New General Self-Efficacy Scale (NGSES). Partial correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between health literacy, family health, self-efficacy, and self-management behaviors. The chain mediating effect was analyzed using Model 6 of the PROCESS 4.2 plugin in SPSS 27.0.

Results

Family health and self-efficacy played a chain mediating role in the relationship between health literacy and self-management behaviors. The direct effect of health literacy on self-management behaviors was significant (β=0.446, 95% CI: 0.239-0.653), accounting for 66.87% of the total effect. The separate mediating effect of family health was significant (β=0.071, 95% CI: 0.004-0.154), accounting for 10.64% of the total effect. The separate mediating effect of self-efficacy was significant (β=0.117, 95% CI: 0.043-0.206), accounting for 17.54% of the total effect. The chain mediating effect of family health and self-efficacy was also significant (β=0.034, 95% CI: 0.010-0.067), accounting for 5.10% of the total effect.

Conclusion

Health literacy not only directly influences self-management behaviors of elderly patients with chronic comorbidities, but also indirectly through family health and self-efficacy as separate or chain-mediated pathways. It is recommended to promote the self-management behaviors of elderly patients with chronic comorbidities in a multidimensional way by enhancing health literacy, improving the family health environment, and increasing self-efficacy.

Chronic comorbidities  /  Health literacy  /  Family health  /  Self-efficacy  /  Self-management behaviors
王灵婷, 王强, 马晓龙, 宋科瑜, 王健, 王国文, 杜杨. 老年慢性病共病患者健康素养与自我管理行为的关系——家庭健康与自我效能感的链式中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (21) : 3860 -3865 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505140
Ling-ting WANG, Qiang WANG, Xiao-long MA, Ke-yu SONG, Jian WANG, Guo-wen WANG, Yang DU. Relationship between health literacy and self-management behaviors in elderly individuals with chronic comorbidities: the chain mediating effect of family health and self-efficacy[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (21) : 3860 -3865 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505140
第五轮中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)显示,我国60岁及以上老年人中,慢性病共病患病率高达66.30%[1]。慢性病共病是指个体同时患有至少两种慢性疾病[2]。与单一慢性病患者相比,共病患者面临更高的疾病复杂性和健康管理负担,自我管理行为普遍较差[3]。自我管理行为是患者为减轻疾病对生理、心理及社会功能的影响而采取的健康相关行为[4]。良好的自我管理行为有助于协调治疗多种疾病,规范用药、饮食与生活方式,从而提高疾病的控制效果[5]。因此,如何有效改善老年慢性病共病患者的自我管理行为,已成为慢性病管理领域亟需解决的关键问题。
健康素养是个体获得、理解、评估和应用健康信息以做出健康决策的能力[6],被认为是影响自我管理行为的关键因素之一。已有研究表明,高水平的健康素养能够促进老年慢性病共病患者的疾病认知和应对能力,从而改善其自我管理行为[7],但这一作用路径可能涉及更复杂的心理社会机制。根据社会认知理论(social cognitive theory, SCT),个体行为受环境因素与认知因素的动态交互影响[8]。家庭健康作为最小的社会系统,可以为家庭成员的心理、生理及社会发展提供物质、精神方面的基础支持[9]。研究显示,家庭健康可通过提升健康素养、改善自我管理行为达到控制慢性病的目的[10]。自我效能感是指个体对自身能够成功执行某项行为以达成目标的信心[11]。研究发现,自我效能感与健康素养、自我管理行为均存在显著相关[12-13],并在两者之间发挥中介作用[14]。此外,有研究表明,家庭健康对自我效能感具有重要影响[15]。因此,本研究提出假设:家庭健康与自我效能感在健康素养对自我管理行为的影响路径中发挥链式中介效应。
综上所述,针对老年慢性病共病患者群体,现有研究主要聚焦于健康素养与自我管理行为之间的直接关联,而对于家庭健康与自我效能感在其中作用机制的研究尚显不足。因此,本研究基于社会认知理论,将“家庭健康”和“自我效能感”作为中介变量,探讨其在健康素养与老年慢性病共病患者自我管理行为之间的作用路径,为促进该群体的健康管理提供理论依据和实践指导。
本研究数据来源于2021年中国居民心理与行为调查研究(psychology and behavior investigation of Chinese residents,PBICR),研究方案已通过暨南大学医学伦理委员会审批 (JNUKY-2021-018)。该调查通过多阶段随机等概率抽样,涵盖中国32个省市自治区的120个城市。研究对象纳入标准:(1)年龄≥60岁;(2)罹患两种及两种以上慢性病(包括高血压病、糖尿病、血脂异常、心脏疾病、脑卒中等18种慢性病);(3)关键变量未有缺失值且回答前后逻辑一致。排除标准:(1)严重认知障碍或沟通障碍,无法有效作答者;(2)伴有严重脏器功能不全或重度躯体功能障碍,影响自理者。根据上述标准,经筛选后最终纳入310名符合条件的老年慢性病共病患者作为研究对象。
选取问卷中的年龄、性别、居住地、家庭人均月收入、学历、婚姻状况、是否独居、子女数量作为一般资料。
该量表由Duong[16]开发,用于评估亚洲国家公众的健康素养水平,目前已被证实在我国应用具有良好的信效度[17]。共3个维度12个条目,采用Likert 4级评分法,均分1~4分,得分越高,表示健康素养水平越高。本研究中该量表标准化Cronbach α系数为0.914。
选取问卷中的慢性病自我管理行为量表,共2个维度9个条目,包括情绪管理(6个条目)和就医行为(3个条目)。采用Likert 6级评分法,1=没有、2=偶尔、3=有时、4=经常、5=很经常、6=时刻,均分1~6分,得分越高,表示自我管理行为越好。本研究中该量表标准化Cronbach α系数为0.810。
该量表由Crandall等人[18]对家庭健康量表(FHS)进行精简修订后而成,已证实具有良好的信效度。共4个维度10个条目,采用Likert 5级评分法,均分1~5分,得分越高,表示家庭健康环境越佳。本研究中该量表标准化Cronbach α系数为0.752。
该量表由Chen等人[19]在原一般自我效能感量表的基础上修订而成,具有良好的内部一致性。共8个条目,采用Likert 5级评分法,均分1~5分,得分越高,表示一般自我效能感越强。本研究中该量表标准化Cronbach α系数为0.930。
本研究采用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析。计数资料以频数和百分比表示,计量资料以(均值±标准差)表示。将单因素分析中具有统计学意义的因素作为控制变量,纳入偏相关分析模型,以探讨各变量间的相关性。使用SPSS 27.0中的PROCESS插件Model 6检验链式中介效应,重复抽样5 000次,计算95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI),检验水准α=0.05。
本次纳入分析的310名老年慢性病共病患者中,男性147人(47.42%),女性163人(52.58%);年龄60~65岁62人(20.00%),66~70岁67人(21.61%),71~75岁90人(29.03%),76~80岁56人(18.06%),>80岁35人(11.29%);城镇居民182人(58.71%),农村居民128人(41.29%);家庭人均月收入≤3 000元133人(42.90%),3 001~6 000元118人(38.06%),>6 000元59人(19.03%);未接受正规学历教育63人(20.32%),小学84人(27.10%),初中75人(24.19%),中专/高中共50人(16.13%),大专及以上共38人(12.26%);已婚217人(70.00%),未婚8人(2.58%),离异5人(1.61%),丧偶80人(25.81%);独居者50人(16.13%),非独居者260人(83.87%);未育者11人(3.55%),育有1名子女者72人(23.23%),育有2名子女者115人(37.10%),育有3名及以上子女者112人(36.13%)。见表1。
慢性病共病患者健康素养平均(2.67±0.51)分,自我管理行为平均(2.81±0.84)分,家庭健康平均(3.52±0.50)分,自我效能感平均(3.48±0.67)分。t检验及方差分析结果显示,健康素养、自我管理行为、家庭健康与自我效能感得分在部分人口学特征间差异显著(P<0.05)。见表1。
采用Haman单因素检验法,对健康素养、自我管理行为、家庭健康、自我效能感进行未旋转探索性因子分析。结果显示,第一个因子的解释率为29.12%,远低于40%的临界标准[20],说明数据不存在明显共同方法偏差。
将单因素分析结果中具有统计学意义的因素作为控制变量,偏相关分析结果表明,健康素养与自我管理行为(r=0.368,P<0.001)、家庭健康(r=0.303,P<0.001)及自我效能感(r=0.425,P<0.001)呈显著正相关;自我管理行为与家庭健康(r=0.284,P<0.001)、自我效能感(r=0.353,P<0.001)呈显著正相关;家庭健康与自我效能感(r=0.415,P<0.001)呈显著正相关。见表2。
本研究在控制性别、年龄、居住地、家庭人均月收入、学历、婚姻状态、是否独居、子女数量的基础上,将健康素养作为自变量,自我管理行为作为因变量,家庭健康和自我效能感作为中介变量,构建链式中介模型。模型分析结果显示,健康素养对自我管理行为的总效应有统计学意义(β= 0.667,P<0.001),纳入中介变量后,健康素养对自我管理行为的正向影响作用仍成立(β=0.446,P<0.001),并且健康素养可正向影响家庭健康与自我效能感(β=0.329,P<0.001;β=0.464,P<0.001);此外,家庭健康可正向影响自我效能感和自我管理行为(β=0.408,P<0.001;β=0.214,P<0.05);自我效能感可正向影响自我管理行为(β=0.252,P<0.01)。见图1和表3。
链式中介路径分析结果表明,健康素养对老年慢性病共病患者自我管理行为的直接效应显著(β=0.446, 95% CI: 0.239~0.653),占总效应的66.87%;家庭健康在老年慢性病共病患者的健康素养与自我管理行为关系中的中介效应显著(β=0.071, 95% CI: 0.004~0.154),占总效应的10.64%;自我效能感在老年慢性病共病患者健康素养与自我管理行为关系中的中介效应显著(β=0.117,95% CI: 0.043~0.206),占总效应的17.54%;家庭健康与自我效能感在老年慢性病共病患者健康素养与自我管理行为关系中的链式中介效应显著(β=0.034,95% CI: 0.010~0.067),占总效应的5.10%。见表4。
本研究证实,健康素养是老年慢性病共病患者自我管理行为的关键影响因素,且在控制中介变量后,该影响依然显著。具体而言,提升健康素养能够促使患者有效理解和应用健康信息,增强疾病管理的主动性,从而更有可能遵循医疗建议、定期体检并采取预防措施[21]。尤其在健康信息日益数字化的背景下,健康素养较高的患者更倾向于使用数字工具辅助管理疾病,提升健康行为的转化效率[22]。因此,建议基层医疗机构结合老年人常见慢性病共病特点,开发结构清晰、可视化的健康教育工具,有望进一步增强健康素养在行为转化中的效果。
健康素养不仅直接影响老年慢性病共病患者的自我管理行为,还通过家庭健康与自我效能感发挥间接作用。一方面,健康素养可通过优化家庭健康环境改善老年慢性病共病患者的自我管理行为。高健康素养患者可能更擅长通过结构化沟通激发家庭成员间协作,从而提升信息共享效率与情感支持水平[23]。李浩淼等人[10]研究发现,我国老年慢性病共病患者普遍处于“多病共管-家庭共担”的照护模式下,家庭成员间的情感支持和协作是患者行为改变的重要动力。因此,可采取家庭医生签约模式,定期开展远程或上门随访,指导用药、膳食与运动,同时邀请家庭成员共同评估并优化管理方案,以构建持续动态的支持性家庭环境。另一方面,健康素养能够通过自我效能感影响老年慢性病共病患者的自我管理行为。健康素养较高的患者能更精准评估自身健康需求与资源,通过成功经验的积累逐步强化疾病管理的信心[24]。自我效能感越强的患者更愿意坚持具有挑战性但可实现的健康目标,从而更好地执行自我管理行为[25]。因此,针对该人群的健康干预应注重“认知”与“动机”层面的协同提升。
本研究揭示了家庭健康与自我效能感在老年慢性病共病患者健康素养与自我管理行为之间的链式中介作用,即健康素养通过改善家庭健康环境提升自我效能感,进而增强自我管理行为。究其原因,健康素养较高的患者更可能主动地向家庭成员传播健康知识,并通过家庭内部的协作学习与问题解决,营建支持性健康氛围[26]。良好的家庭健康环境为患者提供情感支持、信息共享以及行为示范,增强对控制疾病的信心和能力[27]。在此基础上,增强的自我效能感促使患者采取主动的健康行为,并在面对疾病波动时表现出更强的适应性[28]。因此,本研究倡导通过“协同家庭-赋能个体”的整合式干预策略,以实现自我管理行为干预效果的最大化。
本研究系统探讨了健康素养、家庭健康、自我效能感与老年慢性病共病患者自我管理行为的关系,验证了家庭健康与自我效能感的链式中介效应,为构建系统性、多层次的健康管理干预模型提供了实证支持。然而,本研究仍有局限:一是横断面设计难以揭示因果关系,未来可采用纵向研究进一步验证变量间的因果效应;二是本研究样本主要来自单一数据库,样本量相对有限,未来研究可考虑扩大样本来源,以提高结论的普适性。
  • 中国科学技术协会“科创中国”研究课题(2022YGKT09)
  • 山东省社科规划研究项目(24CRKJ02)
  • 山东省医药卫生科技项目(202315010337)
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2025年第52卷第21期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505140
  • 接收时间:2025-05-11
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-11-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-11
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中国科学技术协会“科创中国”研究课题(2022YGKT09)
山东省社科规划研究项目(24CRKJ02)
山东省医药卫生科技项目(202315010337)
作者信息
    1.山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院),山东 济南 250117
    2.山东第一医科大学附属省立医院医院办公室
    3.青岛心血管病医院
    4.山东第二医科大学管理学院
    5.山东第一医科大学附属省立医院教学部,山东 济南 250021
    6.山东第一医科大学第一附属医院(山东省千佛山医院),山东 济南 250014

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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