Article(id=1322608039174197614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405215, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747065600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793263929408, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1762704000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793263929408, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793263929408, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793263929408, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322608013010120712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='21', pageStart='3841', pageEnd='4032', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1762704000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793263923169, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793264266929, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322609454932149086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322609454932149087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3995, endPage=4000, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322608039404884336, articleId=1322608039174197614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Associations between intergenerational support provision and depression status in Chinese population aged 45-60 years, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the current status of the provision of intergenerational support and depression among people aged 45-60 in China, and evaluate its impact on depression, providing a theoretical basis for further improving their health status.

Methods

Based on the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study Database (CHARLS), 7 861 middle-aged individuals aged 45-60 were included as the research subjects for analysis. The demographic characteristics, intergenerational support status, and depression status were described. The stepwise regression method was used to explore the influence of intergenerational support on depression status.

Results

In the past year, among respondents providing emotional, economic, and life care support, 2 046 (63.8%) frequently met their parents, 2 646 (59.4%) cases met their children frequently, and 3 634(88.0%) cases often contacted their children. The number of respondents of providing financial support to the parents and to their children were 1 439 (18.3%) and 2 781 (35.4%), respectively. There were 1 679 (52.4%) cases who took care of their parents, 1 851 (94.6%) cases who took care their children, and 1 965 (64.1%) cases who took care of their grandchildren. The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 35.1%. In binary logistic regression adjusting for other factors, the results showed that the risk of depression detection was 0.571 (0.385-0.848) lower in those with frequent contact with their children than in those with infrequent contact.

Conclusion

Regular contact with children significantly reduced the risk of depression, whereas financial support or caregiving alone did not have a significant effect on depression.

, authors=Ling-ling YANG1, 2, Bo WANG1, 2, Ting MA1, 2, Xian SUN1, 2, authorsList=Ling-ling YANG, Bo WANG, Ting MA, Xian SUN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xian SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322608040189219187, articleId=1322608039174197614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=中国45~60岁人群提供代际支持与抑郁状况的关联性研究, columnId=1228016572640461823, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=健康与社会行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析我国45~60岁人群提供代际支持与抑郁现状,并评估其对抑郁状态的影响,为进一步改善其健康状况提供理论依据。

方法

基于2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据库(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS),纳入7 861例45~60岁中年人群为研究对象进行分析,对人口学特征、提供代际支持状况及抑郁状况进行描述,采用逐步回归法分析提供代际支持对抑郁状况产生的影响。

结果

研究对象在过去一年提供情感、经济与生活照顾支持中,与父母经常见面2 046例(63.8%),与子女经常见面2 646例(59.4%),与子女经常联系3 634例(88.0%),向父母提供经济支持1 439例(18.3%),向子女提供经济支持2 781例(35.4%),向父母提供生活照顾1 679例(52.4%),向子女提供生活照顾1 851例(94.6%),向孙子女提供生活照顾1 965例(64.1%)。研究对象抑郁症状检出率为35.1%;二元logistic回归分析控制其他因素后,结果表明与子女经常联系者的抑郁检出风险低于不经常联系者(OR=0.571,95% CI:0.385~0.848);

结论

与子女经常联系能够显著降低抑郁风险,而单纯提供经济支持或生活照顾不能对抑郁状况产生显著影响。

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杨玲玲(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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孙仙,E-mail:
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The relationship between grandparenting and depression in Eastern and Western cultures: A meta-analysis [J]. Advances in Psychological Science, 2022, 30 (9): 1981-1992. (In Chinese), articleTitle=The relationship between grandparenting and depression in Eastern and Western cultures: A meta-analysis, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322608040415711604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608039174197614, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608040424100213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608039174197614, companyId=1322608040415711604, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608040432488822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608039174197614, companyId=1322608040415711604, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院,宁夏 银川 750004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322608041971798392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608039174197614, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608041984381305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608039174197614, companyId=1322608041971798392, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.宁夏环境因素与慢性病控制重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322608044035395995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608039174197614, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics and detection of depressive symptoms of participants[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数无症状检出例数有症状检出例数χ2值P值
性别155.722<0.001
男3 640(46.3)2 624(72.1)1 016(27.9)
女4 221(53.7)2 474(58.6)1 747(41.4)
年龄(岁)20.087<0.001
45~491 695(21.6)1 171(69.1)524(30.9)
50~543 054(38.9)1 978(64.8)1 076(35.2)
55~603 112(39.6)1 949(62.6)1 163(37.4)
户口类型63.890<0.001
农村6 365(81.0)3 995(62.8)2 370(37.2)
城镇1 496(19.0)1 103(73.7)393(26.3)
教育程度201.223<0.001
小学及以下4 080(51.9)2 359(57.8)1 721(42.2)
初中毕业2 419(30.8)1 694(70.0)725(30.0)
高中毕业及以上1 362(17.3)1 045(76.7)317(23.3)
婚姻状况64.677<0.001
已婚且一同居住6 631(84.8)4 424(66.7)2 207(33.3)
其他婚姻状态1 230(15.6)674(54.8)556(45.2)
患慢性病种类176.163<0.001
不患慢性病4 673(59.4)3 285(70.3)1 388(29.7)
一种慢性病2 050(26.1)1 232(60.1)818(39.9)
两种及以上1 138(14.5)581(51.1)557(48.9)
退休8.8160.003
否6 978(97.1)4 468(64.0)2 510(36.0)
是208(2.9)154(74.0)54(26.0)
吸烟12.0140.002
否4 755(93.0)2 932(61.7)1 823(38.3)
是212(4.1)151(71.2)61(28.8)
已戒烟145(2.8)102(70.3)43(29.7)
喝酒84.547<0.001
否5 524(70.4)3 404(61.6)2 120(38.4)
是2 322(29.6)1 683(72.5)639(27.5)
睡眠(h)10.5380.001
≤87 287(92.7)4 690(64.4)2 597(35.6)
>8574(7.3)408(71.1)166(28.9)
体育锻炼3.5800.058
否437(5.6)265(60.6)172(39.4)
是7 410(94.4)4 823(65.1)2 587(34.9)
家庭年收入(元)158.230<0.001
Q1:0~1 7901 891(24.1)1 108(58.6)783(41.4)
Q2:1 791~15 5003 987(50.7)2 478(62.2)1 509(37.8)
Q3:≥15 5011 983(25.2)1 512(76.2)471(23.8)
向子女提供经济支持17.442<0.001
否5 080(64.6)3 379(66.5)1 701(33.5)
是2 781(35.4)1 719(61.8)1 062(38.2)
向父母提供经济支持1.6120.204
否6 422(81.7)4 144(64.5)2 278(35.5)
是1 439(18.3)954(66.3)485(33.7)
与父母经常见面6.1080.013
否1 161(36.2)708(61.0)453(39.0)
是2 046(63.8)1 337(65.3)709(34.7)
与子女经常见面9.1240.003
否1 808(40.6)1 090(60.3)718(39.7)
是2 646(59.4)1 713(64.7)933(35.3)
与子女经常联系18.139<0.001
否494(12.0)264(53.4)230(46.6)
是3 634(88.0)2 302(63.3)1 332(36.7)
向父母提供生活照顾2.6030.107
否1 525(47.6)950(62.3)575(37.7)
是1 679(52.4)1 092(65.0)587(35.0)
向子女提供生活照顾2.4740.116
否105(5.4)72(68.6)33(31.4)
是1 851(94.6)1 127(60.9)724(39.1)
向孙子女提供生活照顾8.2450.004
否1 099(35.9)615(56.0)484(44.0)
是1 965(64.1)1 204(61.3)761(38.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1322608044123476380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608039174197614, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象基本情况和抑郁症状检出情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数无症状检出例数有症状检出例数χ2值P值
性别155.722<0.001
男3 640(46.3)2 624(72.1)1 016(27.9)
女4 221(53.7)2 474(58.6)1 747(41.4)
年龄(岁)20.087<0.001
45~491 695(21.6)1 171(69.1)524(30.9)
50~543 054(38.9)1 978(64.8)1 076(35.2)
55~603 112(39.6)1 949(62.6)1 163(37.4)
户口类型63.890<0.001
农村6 365(81.0)3 995(62.8)2 370(37.2)
城镇1 496(19.0)1 103(73.7)393(26.3)
教育程度201.223<0.001
小学及以下4 080(51.9)2 359(57.8)1 721(42.2)
初中毕业2 419(30.8)1 694(70.0)725(30.0)
高中毕业及以上1 362(17.3)1 045(76.7)317(23.3)
婚姻状况64.677<0.001
已婚且一同居住6 631(84.8)4 424(66.7)2 207(33.3)
其他婚姻状态1 230(15.6)674(54.8)556(45.2)
患慢性病种类176.163<0.001
不患慢性病4 673(59.4)3 285(70.3)1 388(29.7)
一种慢性病2 050(26.1)1 232(60.1)818(39.9)
两种及以上1 138(14.5)581(51.1)557(48.9)
退休8.8160.003
否6 978(97.1)4 468(64.0)2 510(36.0)
是208(2.9)154(74.0)54(26.0)
吸烟12.0140.002
否4 755(93.0)2 932(61.7)1 823(38.3)
是212(4.1)151(71.2)61(28.8)
已戒烟145(2.8)102(70.3)43(29.7)
喝酒84.547<0.001
否5 524(70.4)3 404(61.6)2 120(38.4)
是2 322(29.6)1 683(72.5)639(27.5)
睡眠(h)10.5380.001
≤87 287(92.7)4 690(64.4)2 597(35.6)
>8574(7.3)408(71.1)166(28.9)
体育锻炼3.5800.058
否437(5.6)265(60.6)172(39.4)
是7 410(94.4)4 823(65.1)2 587(34.9)
家庭年收入(元)158.230<0.001
Q1:0~1 7901 891(24.1)1 108(58.6)783(41.4)
Q2:1 791~15 5003 987(50.7)2 478(62.2)1 509(37.8)
Q3:≥15 5011 983(25.2)1 512(76.2)471(23.8)
向子女提供经济支持17.442<0.001
否5 080(64.6)3 379(66.5)1 701(33.5)
是2 781(35.4)1 719(61.8)1 062(38.2)
向父母提供经济支持1.6120.204
否6 422(81.7)4 144(64.5)2 278(35.5)
是1 439(18.3)954(66.3)485(33.7)
与父母经常见面6.1080.013
否1 161(36.2)708(61.0)453(39.0)
是2 046(63.8)1 337(65.3)709(34.7)
与子女经常见面9.1240.003
否1 808(40.6)1 090(60.3)718(39.7)
是2 646(59.4)1 713(64.7)933(35.3)
与子女经常联系18.139<0.001
否494(12.0)264(53.4)230(46.6)
是3 634(88.0)2 302(63.3)1 332(36.7)
向父母提供生活照顾2.6030.107
否1 525(47.6)950(62.3)575(37.7)
是1 679(52.4)1 092(65.0)587(35.0)
向子女提供生活照顾2.4740.116
否105(5.4)72(68.6)33(31.4)
是1 851(94.6)1 127(60.9)724(39.1)
向孙子女提供生活照顾8.2450.004
否1 099(35.9)615(56.0)484(44.0)
是1 965(64.1)1 204(61.3)761(38.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1322608044198973853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608039174197614, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Variable assignment table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量变量赋值
因变量抑郁状况分类变量,0=无,1=有
自变量与父母经常见面分类变量,0=否,1=是
与子女经常见面分类变量,0=否,1=是
与子女经常联系分类变量,0=否,1=是
向父母提供经济支持分类变量,0=否,1=是
向子女提供经济支持分类变量,0=否,1=是
向父母提供生活照顾分类变量,0=否,1=是
向子女提供生活照顾分类变量,0=否,1=是
向孙子女提供生活照顾分类变量,0=否,1=是
控制变量性别分类变量,1=男性,2=女性
年龄(岁)分类变量,0=45~49,1=50~54,2=55~60
户口类型分类变量,0=农村,1=城镇
教育程度分类变量,0=小学及以下,1=初中毕业,2=高中及以上
婚姻状态分类变量,0=已婚且同居住,1=其他婚姻状态
患慢性病种类分类变量,0=不患慢性病,1=患一种慢性病,2=患两种及以上
退休分类变量,0=否,1=是
吸烟分类变量,0=否,1=是,2=已戒烟
喝酒分类变量,0=否,1=是
睡眠(h)分类变量,0= ≤8,1= >8
家庭年收入(元)分类变量,0=0~1 790,1=1 791~15 500,2=≥15 501
), ArticleFig(id=1322608044278665630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608039174197614, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

变量赋值表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量变量赋值
因变量抑郁状况分类变量,0=无,1=有
自变量与父母经常见面分类变量,0=否,1=是
与子女经常见面分类变量,0=否,1=是
与子女经常联系分类变量,0=否,1=是
向父母提供经济支持分类变量,0=否,1=是
向子女提供经济支持分类变量,0=否,1=是
向父母提供生活照顾分类变量,0=否,1=是
向子女提供生活照顾分类变量,0=否,1=是
向孙子女提供生活照顾分类变量,0=否,1=是
控制变量性别分类变量,1=男性,2=女性
年龄(岁)分类变量,0=45~49,1=50~54,2=55~60
户口类型分类变量,0=农村,1=城镇
教育程度分类变量,0=小学及以下,1=初中毕业,2=高中及以上
婚姻状态分类变量,0=已婚且同居住,1=其他婚姻状态
患慢性病种类分类变量,0=不患慢性病,1=患一种慢性病,2=患两种及以上
退休分类变量,0=否,1=是
吸烟分类变量,0=否,1=是,2=已戒烟
喝酒分类变量,0=否,1=是
睡眠(h)分类变量,0= ≤8,1= >8
家庭年收入(元)分类变量,0=0~1 790,1=1 791~15 500,2=≥15 501
), ArticleFig(id=1322608044354163103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608039174197614, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Stepwise regression analysis of the effect of intergenerational support on depression status

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
β Wald χ2值P值OR (95% CI)
性别(Ref:男性)
女性0.5270.1927.5490.0061.694(1.163~2.468)
年龄(岁,Ref:45~49)12.0290.002
50~540.2890.1802.5610.1091.335(0.937~1.900)
55~600.6190.18710.9280.0011.856(1.286~2.679)
教育程度(Ref:小学及以下)11.0420.004
初中毕业-0.4200.1488.0270.0050.657(0.491~0.879)
高中及以上-0.5340.2275.5330.0190.586(0.376~0.915)
患慢性病种类(Ref:不患慢性病)21.765<0.001
患一种慢性病0.5320.14713.085<0.0011.702(1.276~2.271)
两种及以上0.6990.18514.232<0.0012.012(1.399~2.893)
喝酒(Ref:否)
是-0.4440.2044.7530.0290.642(0.431~0.956)
睡眠(Ref:≤8h)
>8h-0.9080.25912.296<0.0010.403(0.243~0.670)
家庭年收入(元,Ref:Q1:0~1 790)6.1590.046
Q2:1 791~15 500-0.0270.1490.0320.8590.974(0.727~1.305)
Q3:≥15 501-0.4270.1944.8380.0280.652(0.446~0.955)
与子女经常联系(Ref:否)
是-0.5600.2017.7350.0050.571(0.385~0.848)
常量-0.3200.3220.9890.3200.726
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β Wald χ2值P值OR (95% CI)
性别(Ref:男性)
女性0.5270.1927.5490.0061.694(1.163~2.468)
年龄(岁,Ref:45~49)12.0290.002
50~540.2890.1802.5610.1091.335(0.937~1.900)
55~600.6190.18710.9280.0011.856(1.286~2.679)
教育程度(Ref:小学及以下)11.0420.004
初中毕业-0.4200.1488.0270.0050.657(0.491~0.879)
高中及以上-0.5340.2275.5330.0190.586(0.376~0.915)
患慢性病种类(Ref:不患慢性病)21.765<0.001
患一种慢性病0.5320.14713.085<0.0011.702(1.276~2.271)
两种及以上0.6990.18514.232<0.0012.012(1.399~2.893)
喝酒(Ref:否)
是-0.4440.2044.7530.0290.642(0.431~0.956)
睡眠(Ref:≤8h)
>8h-0.9080.25912.296<0.0010.403(0.243~0.670)
家庭年收入(元,Ref:Q1:0~1 790)6.1590.046
Q2:1 791~15 500-0.0270.1490.0320.8590.974(0.727~1.305)
Q3:≥15 501-0.4270.1944.8380.0280.652(0.446~0.955)
与子女经常联系(Ref:否)
是-0.5600.2017.7350.0050.571(0.385~0.848)
常量-0.3200.3220.9890.3200.726
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中国45~60岁人群提供代际支持与抑郁状况的关联性研究
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杨玲玲 1, 2 , 王波 1, 2 , 马婷 1, 2 , 孙仙 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(21): 3995-4000
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现代预防医学 |健康与社会行为 2025 , 52 (21) : 3995 -4000
中国45~60岁人群提供代际支持与抑郁状况的关联性研究
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杨玲玲1, 2, 王波1, 2, 马婷1, 2, 孙仙1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院,宁夏 银川 750004
  • 2.宁夏环境因素与慢性病控制重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750004
通讯作者:
孙仙,E-mail:
作者简介:

杨玲玲(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

Associations between intergenerational support provision and depression status in Chinese population aged 45-60 years
Ling-ling YANG1, 2, Bo WANG1, 2, Ting MA1, 2, Xian SUN1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
出版时间: 2025-11-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405215
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目的

分析我国45~60岁人群提供代际支持与抑郁现状,并评估其对抑郁状态的影响,为进一步改善其健康状况提供理论依据。

方法

基于2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据库(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS),纳入7 861例45~60岁中年人群为研究对象进行分析,对人口学特征、提供代际支持状况及抑郁状况进行描述,采用逐步回归法分析提供代际支持对抑郁状况产生的影响。

结果

研究对象在过去一年提供情感、经济与生活照顾支持中,与父母经常见面2 046例(63.8%),与子女经常见面2 646例(59.4%),与子女经常联系3 634例(88.0%),向父母提供经济支持1 439例(18.3%),向子女提供经济支持2 781例(35.4%),向父母提供生活照顾1 679例(52.4%),向子女提供生活照顾1 851例(94.6%),向孙子女提供生活照顾1 965例(64.1%)。研究对象抑郁症状检出率为35.1%;二元logistic回归分析控制其他因素后,结果表明与子女经常联系者的抑郁检出风险低于不经常联系者(OR=0.571,95% CI:0.385~0.848);

结论

与子女经常联系能够显著降低抑郁风险,而单纯提供经济支持或生活照顾不能对抑郁状况产生显著影响。

提供代际支持  /  抑郁症状  /  中年人
Objective

To analyze the current status of the provision of intergenerational support and depression among people aged 45-60 in China, and evaluate its impact on depression, providing a theoretical basis for further improving their health status.

Methods

Based on the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study Database (CHARLS), 7 861 middle-aged individuals aged 45-60 were included as the research subjects for analysis. The demographic characteristics, intergenerational support status, and depression status were described. The stepwise regression method was used to explore the influence of intergenerational support on depression status.

Results

In the past year, among respondents providing emotional, economic, and life care support, 2 046 (63.8%) frequently met their parents, 2 646 (59.4%) cases met their children frequently, and 3 634(88.0%) cases often contacted their children. The number of respondents of providing financial support to the parents and to their children were 1 439 (18.3%) and 2 781 (35.4%), respectively. There were 1 679 (52.4%) cases who took care of their parents, 1 851 (94.6%) cases who took care their children, and 1 965 (64.1%) cases who took care of their grandchildren. The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 35.1%. In binary logistic regression adjusting for other factors, the results showed that the risk of depression detection was 0.571 (0.385-0.848) lower in those with frequent contact with their children than in those with infrequent contact.

Conclusion

Regular contact with children significantly reduced the risk of depression, whereas financial support or caregiving alone did not have a significant effect on depression.

Provide intergenerational support  /  Depressive symptoms  /  Middle-aged adults
杨玲玲, 王波, 马婷, 孙仙. 中国45~60岁人群提供代际支持与抑郁状况的关联性研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (21) : 3995 -4000 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405215
Ling-ling YANG, Bo WANG, Ting MA, Xian SUN. Associations between intergenerational support provision and depression status in Chinese population aged 45-60 years[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (21) : 3995 -4000 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405215
抑郁作为一个严重的公共卫生问题,造成了相当大的健康与经济负担。至2022年,我国成人抑郁风险检出率高达10.6%,其中家庭和社会支持与抑郁症的发生密切相关[1]。代际支持作为家庭支持中的一部分,指亲代与子代之间在日常经济支持、生活照顾、情感交流三个方面的支持情况,分为接受支持与提供支持两方面[2]。中年人群面临职场挑战和日常生活琐事的双重压力,在为父母提供经济、情感、生活照顾上支持的同时,还要承担抚养子女的责任,给予子女甚至儿孙物质、经济、情感和照顾等各方面的支持,发生心理健康问题的风险可能更高[3]。既往大多数研究都是在探讨子女提供代际支持对父母心理健康状况的影响,如能够显著减少老年人的抑郁症状[4]。但是有关提供代际支持对提供者自身健康影响的研究结论不一致。有研究发现向子女提供经济支持、日常照顾和情感支持均可以降低农村老年人的抑郁程度[5],但也有研究显示如果长者总是帮扶后辈,则会被看作是长者教育不力,给其带来心理上的压力[6-7]。因此,本文旨在探讨我国45~60岁中年人群在同时为父母和子女提供代际支持时的抑郁状况,以期为改善其心理健康提供理论依据。
本研究使用中国健康与养老追踪调查数据库(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)2018年第四期数据进行横断面研究。该数据库收集了中国45岁及以上中老年人家庭和个人的高质量微观数据。全国基线调查于2011年在全国28个省、150个县级单位、450个村级单位开展。至2018年第四次全国随访完成,其样本已覆盖总计1.24万户家庭中的1.9万名受访者。
研究纳入年龄为45~60岁的调查对象,并排除数据库中基本信息、家庭、健康状况和功能及抑郁量表模块存在缺失值者,最终纳入7 861例样本。
采用流调中心抑郁量表(Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression,CES-D)衡量抑郁状况。该量表根据上一周的感受评分(0~3分),共包含8个负面情绪问题与2个正面情绪问题,其中对正面情绪问题进行反向计分。总分0~30分,<10分表示无抑郁症状,≥10分则有抑郁症状。量表的重测信度为0.49,Cronbach α为0.90,结构效度和校标效度良好[8],适合评估中年人群的抑郁程度。
参考梅兴文等[9]的研究,从情感支持、经济支持及生活照顾三个方面对代际支持进行考量。通过问卷问题“您或您的配偶多长时间去看望一次父母/子女?”和“您多久跟子女通过电子设备联系一次?”衡量提供情感支持状况;通过“过去一年,父母/子女不和您住在一起时,您或您的配偶给父母/子女多少经济支持?”和“子女第一次结婚时,您给予了多少嫁妆彩礼和买房支持?”衡量提供经济支持状况;通过“过去一年,您大约花几周来照看父母/子孙?”衡量提供生活照顾状况。均为二分类变量。
参考既往研究,主要选取了人口学特征、社会经济特征、生活方式与健康状况作为控制变量。(1)人口学特征主要包括年龄、性别、户口类型、婚姻状况;(2)社会经济特征主要包括受教育程度、家庭年收入与退休情况;(3)生活方式与健康状况主要包括吸烟、喝酒、体育锻炼、睡眠、患慢性病种类。
运用SPSS 25.0进行统计分析。采用频数和构成比描述我国中年人基本情况和提供代际支持情况;采用检出率描述抑郁检出情况;不同人群代际支持及抑郁状况的单因素分析采用χ2检验;采用logistic逐步回归模型控制其他变量后,分析提供代际支持对我国中年人抑郁症检出状况的影响;所有检验均为双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
本研究调查45~60岁中年人群共7 861例,其中男性3 640例,女性4 221例,平均年龄为(53.1±4.0)岁。过去一年中,63.8%的参与者与父母经常见面,59.4%与子女经常见面,而88.0%与子女保持密切联系。经济与照顾支持方面,18.3%向父母提供经济支持,35.4%向子女提供经济支持,52.4%向父母提供生活照顾,94.6%向子女提供生活照顾,64.1%向孙子女提供生活照顾。见表1。
结果显示,35.1%的参与者有抑郁症状,女性比例更高。抑郁检出率随年龄增长而增加,农村高于城镇,慢性病患者中患病种类越多比例越高。未退休、不吸烟或已戒烟、不喝酒、家庭年收入较低和向子女提供经济支持者的抑郁症状检出率相对更高,而与家人(包括父母、子女)交往频繁以及参与孙子女照顾者的抑郁检出率相对更低,各组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1。
将本研究抑郁状况单因素分析结果有统计学意义(P<0.05)的变量,包括性别、年龄、户口类型、教育程度、婚姻状况、患慢性病种类、退休、吸烟、喝酒、睡眠、家庭年收入、向子女提供经济支持和情感支持、与父母经常见面、向孙子女提供生活照顾作为自变量,抑郁状况为因变量,进行逐步回归分析,变量赋值情况见表2。结果显示与子女经常联系的中年人抑郁发生风险显著低于不经常联系者(OR=0.571,95% CI:0.385~0.848)。提供情感支持中的“与子女和父母经常见面”、经济支持以及照顾支持均与抑郁检出情况无统计学关联。此外,女性(OR=1.694,95% CI:1.163~2.468)、年龄在55~60岁(OR=1.856,95% CI:1.286~2.679)、患有一种慢性病(OR=1.702,95% CI:1.276~2.271)、患两种及以上慢性病者(OR=2.012,95% CI:1.399~2.893)的抑郁检出风险较高;较高的受教育程度、喝酒、睡眠>8h和较高的家庭年收入者的抑郁检出风险较低。见表3。
本研究通过分析CHARLS中年人代际支持与抑郁状况数据,旨在探讨提供代际支持后对自身精神健康的影响。
本研究发现,在过去一年里,中年人向父母、子女、孙子女提供生活照顾者(52.4%~94.6%)和与父母、子女经常见面联系者(59.4%~88.0%)比例较高,表明中年人提供代际支持较为频繁,这与国内李翌萱[10]的研究(提供生活照顾的比例为51.24%)一致,高于国外研究结果(9%~25%)[11]。这可能是由于我国特有社会文化背景,尤其是“孝”文化,强化了子女对父母的关怀,促进了紧密的家庭联系。随着父母年迈,健康衰退及负面事件增多,他们在情感上的需要也会随之增加[12]。然而,尽管中年人群体普遍承担着代际支持的责任,研究发现 35.1% 的中年人群体出现抑郁症状。这与韦悦[13]调查全国45~59岁患慢性病中年人抑郁症状检出结果一致,但高于倪钦敏等[14]研究我国社区老年人的抑郁检出率,可能原因为中年人群的低退休率、高工作压力和需要照顾家庭和父母,心理健康可能受影响。
本研究控制混杂因素后,结果显示通过电子设备与子女经常联系可显著降低其抑郁检出风险。这与现有研究认为与子女经常联系有益于中老年人心理健康的结论一致[15]。电子设备保持联系可以帮助中年人维持和加强他们的社会支持系统。即便与子女相隔千里,通过这些工具也可以即时了解他们的生活动态,提供适时的建议和支持,并从中获得反馈与帮助。这种联系不仅有助于家庭关系的紧密,还能让中年人感受到他们依然能跟上时代的步伐,增强自信心和技术熟练度,进而对其心理健康产生了积极影响[16]。与父母/子女经常见面对中年人抑郁检出风险无显著影响。这与既往研究[17]中“与子女见面频率显著影响老年人心理健康”的结论相悖。可能原因在于现代通讯技术的发展使得电子设备在很大程度上能够替代面对面的互动,满足个体对情感支持的需求,从而削弱了线下见面频率对中年人抑郁症状的影响[18],且如果在见面时缺乏深度交流和情感互动,将难以缓解中年人的抑郁状况。例如,家庭成员之间各自沉迷于电子设备,缺乏真正的情感沟通和支持。
本研究发现,中年人向父母或子女提供经济支持,与自身抑郁检出风险之间不存在显著关联。造成这一现象的原因可能有两点:一方面,在中年阶段赡养父母、支持子女是社会规范所认可的常规家庭责任,多数中年人已将定期给予父母生活费、承担子女教育开支等行为融入日常。根据家庭生命周期理论[19],中年人对自身在代际支持中的角色认知更为明确,这种常态化的责任履行可能弱化了经济支持对心理的冲击,因此未能对其抑郁症状产生明显影响。另一方面,中年人通常已经建立了较为稳固的经济基础和稳定的收入来源。这使得他们在履行家庭责任时具有更大的财务灵活性,减少了因经济支持而产生的压力,因此经济支持的行为可能不会直接关联到个体的心理健康状态[20]。
本研究发现,提供照顾支持对中年人抑郁检出风险无影响。这与和红等[21]的观点一致,表明为父母或子孙提供生活照顾并没有给中年人造成心理负担或是心理慰藉。角色紧张理论指出,承担多重角色的个体往往感受到更大的压力,这可能导致健康状况的恶化[22]。相反,角色增强理论认为,拥有多种社会角色可以增加个人的权力、威望、资源及情感满足,从而提升幸福感和心理健康水平[23]。因此,多重角色在带来压力的同时也提供了额外的支持和满足感,这两方面的影响可能相互抵消,导致提供生活照顾不会对提供者抑郁状况产生影响[24]。
综上所述,在我国代际支持体系中,中年群体发挥着关键作用,承担大量代际支持供给任务。家庭作为基础社会支持网络,对维护成员身心健康意义重大。鉴于此,子女可借助电话、视频等数字媒介,常态化、多维度地加强与中年父母的互动交流。这一举措能够以较低成本,为“三明治一代”的中年群体提供可及性强的心理健康干预方案,助力缓解其心理健康问题。
本研究的创新点在于,过往研究大量聚焦于子女支持对父母健康的正面影响,却忽略了“赡老育幼”对个人身心健康的潜在作用。本研究以此为切入点,致力于揭示我国中年人群在面临赡养双亲与抚育后代的双重压力下的精神健康状况,旨在为心理干预和社会政策提供科学导向。同时,本研究也存在一定的局限性,采用横断面设计仅揭示代际支持与中年健康间的关联而未能明确因果,且忽略了精神健康与代际支持的相互作用:好精神状态或受益于支持,而健康问题可能削弱支持能力。故需后续纵向研究进一步探究其因果机制。

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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405215
  • 接收时间:2025-05-13
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-11-10
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    1.宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院,宁夏 银川 750004
    2.宁夏环境因素与慢性病控制重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750004

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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