Article(id=1322608003224814229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322607837742747790, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506045, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748966400000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793263920836, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793263920836, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793263920836, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793263920836, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322607837742747790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='20', pageStart='3649', pageEnd='3840', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1761321600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793263881383, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793264238791, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322609336933794638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322607837742747790, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322609336933794639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322607837742747790, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3731, endPage=3736, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322608004046897814, articleId=1322608003224814229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Relationship between social support and sleep quality among community-dwelling older adults: Analyzing the mediating role of anxiety symptoms, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the impact of social support on sleep quality among elderly people, and investigate the mediating role of anxiety symptoms between social support and sleep quality. The goal is to provide scientific evidence for improving sleep quality in this population.

Methods

Social Support scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to evaluate social support, anxiety symptoms and sleep quality of older adults. After excluding outliers and missing values, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression models were employed to examine the relationships among social support, anxiety symptoms, and sleep quality in older adults. The Bootstrap method was applied to test the mediating effect of anxiety symptoms.

Results

A total of 1 194 participants were included, including 717 females (60.1%). Social support was negatively correlated with anxiety symptoms and sleep quality index (r= -0.180, P<0.001; r= -0.148, P<0.001), while anxiety symptoms were positively correlated with sleep quality index (r= 0.349, P<0.001). Mediation analysis revealed that anxiety partially mediated the relationship between social support and sleep quality, accounting for 37.5% of the total effect. Among men, anxiety symptoms accounted for 21.4% of the mediating effect, while among women, they accounted for 46.2%.

Conclusion

Better social support is associated with lower anxiety levels and improved sleep quality. Providing adequate social support for community-dwelling older adults is crucial for enhancing their sleep quality, physical health, and mental well-being.

, authors=Ci-ling YAN1, Su-ni YE2, Yan QING3, Yu-rong ZHENG2, Pei-yuan QIU2, Zheng-zhong ZHAO2, authorsList=Ci-ling YAN, Su-ni YE, Yan QING, Yu-rong ZHENG, Pei-yuan QIU, Zheng-zhong ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zheng-zhong ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322608008224424603, articleId=1322608003224814229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=社区老年人社会支持与睡眠质量的关系:焦虑症状的中介机制分析, columnId=1228016573533847611, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=基层卫生服务, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨社会支持对老年人睡眠质量的影响,并研究焦虑症状在社会支持和睡眠质量的中介作用,为改善老年人睡眠质量提供科学依据。

方法

采用社会支持量表测量社会支持、广泛性焦虑自评量表(Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item,GAD-7)评估焦虑症状,以及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)评价睡眠质量。使用Pearson相关分析及多元线性回归模型探讨老年人社会支持、焦虑症状与睡眠质量之间的关系,并应用Bootstrap法检验焦虑症状的中介效应。

结果

本研究共纳入1 194名研究对象,其中女性717人(60.1%)。社会支持和焦虑症状及睡眠质量指数呈负相关(r= -0.180, P<0.001;r= -0.148,P<0.001),焦虑症状与睡眠质量指数呈正相关(r=0.347,P<0.001)。中介效应分析结果显示,焦虑症状在社会支持与睡眠质量之间的关系中起到部分中介作用,中介效应占比38.0%;在男性中,焦虑症状的中介效应占比为21.4%,而在女性中,焦虑症状的中介效应占比为46.2%。

结论

更好的社会支持状况意味着更低的焦虑水平以及更好的睡眠质量。为社区老年人提供良好的社会支持对于改善老年人的睡眠质量、身体健康和心理健康是十分有意义的。

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严次玲(1983—),男,本科,主管技师,研究方向:老年心理健康及公共卫生服务管理

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赵正中,E-mail:
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Depression and Anxiety, 2019, 36 (10): 975-986., articleTitle=Sleep, circadian rhythm, and physical activity patterns in depressive and anxiety disorders: A 2-week ambulatory assessment study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322608039618790150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608003224814229, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=3, pageStart=242, pageEnd=247, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=36, authorNames=周晓苹, 邓学学, 方荣华, journalName=四川医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周晓苹,邓学学,方荣华, 等. 老年骨质疏松症患者睡眠质量现状调查及影响因素分析 [J]. 四川医学, 2023, 44 (3): 242-247., articleTitle=老年骨质疏松症患者睡眠质量现状调查及影响因素分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322608039719453447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608003224814229, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=3, pageStart=242, pageEnd=247, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Zhou XP, Deng XX, Fang RH, journalName=Sichuan Medical Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou XP, Deng XX, Fang RH, et al. Investigation and analysis sleep quality of elderly patients with osteoporosis [J]. Sichuan Medical Journal, 2023, 44 (3): 242-247. 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注:***P<0.001;a表示社会支持对焦虑的效应值;b表示焦虑对睡眠质量的效应值;c’表示社会支持对睡眠质量的直接效应;c表示社会支持对睡眠质量的总效应值。

, figureFileSmall=cCtpXFr9RN2Xx6J/MqvHgw==, figureFileBig=7IBZAvuljHtoMQlGCGyhpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608022132736720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608003224814229, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Distribution of socio-demographic characteristics of the research object (n=1 194)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本信息n(%)
年龄(岁)
60~65120(10.1)
66~70394(33.0)
71~75376(31.5)
76~80194(16.2)
81~8577(6.4)
86~9533(2.8)
性别
男477(39.9)
女717(60.1)
婚姻状况
已婚/同居921(77.1)
不在婚273(22.9)
居住状态
独居110(9.2)
非独居1 084(90.8)
受教育程度
未上过学300(25.1)
小学529(44.3)
初中222(18.6)
高中及以上143(12.0)
慢性病患病情况
不患慢病262(21.9)
单一慢病421(35.3)
多重慢病511(42.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1322608022434726609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608003224814229, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查对象社会人口学特征分布(n=1 194)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本信息n(%)
年龄(岁)
60~65120(10.1)
66~70394(33.0)
71~75376(31.5)
76~80194(16.2)
81~8577(6.4)
86~9533(2.8)
性别
男477(39.9)
女717(60.1)
婚姻状况
已婚/同居921(77.1)
不在婚273(22.9)
居住状态
独居110(9.2)
非独居1 084(90.8)
受教育程度
未上过学300(25.1)
小学529(44.3)
初中222(18.6)
高中及以上143(12.0)
慢性病患病情况
不患慢病262(21.9)
单一慢病421(35.3)
多重慢病511(42.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1322608023932093138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608003224814229, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of correlation analysis between social support, anxiety and sleep quality

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量得分()社会支持焦虑症状睡眠质量
社会支持12.70±5.071.000
焦虑症状1.22±2.59-0.180c1.000
睡眠质量指数5.19±3.21-0.148c0.347c1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1322608024028562131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608003224814229, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

社会支持、焦虑症状与睡眠质量相关分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量得分()社会支持焦虑症状睡眠质量
社会支持12.70±5.071.000
焦虑症状1.22±2.59-0.180c1.000
睡眠质量指数5.19±3.21-0.148c0.347c1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1322608024116642517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608003224814229, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Regression analysis with anxiety as a mediating variable

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
步骤自变量因变量回归系数β标准误t值P值
第1步社会支持睡眠质量-0.0910.018-5.090<0.001
第2步社会支持焦虑症状-0.0920.014-6.332<0.001
第3步社会支持睡眠质量-0.0560.017-3.260<0.001
焦虑症状0.3770.03411.000<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322608024200528598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608003224814229, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

焦虑症状作为中介变量的回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
步骤自变量因变量回归系数β标准误t值P值
第1步社会支持睡眠质量-0.0910.018-5.090<0.001
第2步社会支持焦虑症状-0.0920.014-6.332<0.001
第3步社会支持睡眠质量-0.0560.017-3.260<0.001
焦虑症状0.3770.03411.000<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322608024271831767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608003224814229, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mediating effects of anxiety between social support and sleep quality

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应效应值β95% CIP值中介效应占比(%)
总效应-0.091-0.126~-0.060<0.001
直接效应-0.056-0.092~-0.020<0.001
间接效应-0.035-0.050~-0.020<0.00138.0
), ArticleFig(id=1322608024364106456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608003224814229, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

焦虑症状在社会支持与睡眠质量之间的中介效应

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应效应值β95% CIP值中介效应占比(%)
总效应-0.091-0.126~-0.060<0.001
直接效应-0.056-0.092~-0.020<0.001
间接效应-0.035-0.050~-0.020<0.00138.0
), ArticleFig(id=1322608024452186842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608003224814229, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Mediating effects of anxiety between social support and sleep quality across gender

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应效应值β95% CIP值中介效应占比(%)
男性
总效应-0.098-0.151~-0.050<0.001
直接效应-0.077-0.129~-0.0300.002
间接效应-0.021-0.038~-0.0100.00421.4
女性
总效应-0.087-0.132~-0.040<0.001
直接效应-0.047-0.090~-0.0100.024
间接效应-0.040-0.060~-0.020<0.00146.2
), ArticleFig(id=1322608024619959003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608003224814229, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同性别中焦虑症状在社会支持与睡眠质量之间的中介效应

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应效应值β95% CIP值中介效应占比(%)
男性
总效应-0.098-0.151~-0.050<0.001
直接效应-0.077-0.129~-0.0300.002
间接效应-0.021-0.038~-0.0100.00421.4
女性
总效应-0.087-0.132~-0.040<0.001
直接效应-0.047-0.090~-0.0100.024
间接效应-0.040-0.060~-0.020<0.00146.2
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社区老年人社会支持与睡眠质量的关系:焦虑症状的中介机制分析
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严次玲 1 , 叶素妮 2 , 卿艳 3 , 郑裕榕 2 , 邱培媛 2 , 赵正中 2
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2025,52(20): 3731-3736
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现代预防医学 |基层卫生服务 2025 , 52 (20) : 3731 -3736
社区老年人社会支持与睡眠质量的关系:焦虑症状的中介机制分析
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严次玲1, 叶素妮2, 卿艳3, 郑裕榕2, 邱培媛2, 赵正中2
作者信息
  • 1.四川省成都市龙泉驿区山泉镇公立卫生院,四川 成都 610100
  • 2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院
  • 3.四川省成都市龙泉驿区龙泉平安社区卫生服务中心
通讯作者:
赵正中,E-mail:
作者简介:

严次玲(1983—),男,本科,主管技师,研究方向:老年心理健康及公共卫生服务管理

Relationship between social support and sleep quality among community-dwelling older adults: Analyzing the mediating role of anxiety symptoms
Ci-ling YAN1, Su-ni YE2, Yan QING3, Yu-rong ZHENG2, Pei-yuan QIU2, Zheng-zhong ZHAO2
Affiliations
  • Township Health Center in Shanquan Town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610100, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506045
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目的

探讨社会支持对老年人睡眠质量的影响,并研究焦虑症状在社会支持和睡眠质量的中介作用,为改善老年人睡眠质量提供科学依据。

方法

采用社会支持量表测量社会支持、广泛性焦虑自评量表(Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item,GAD-7)评估焦虑症状,以及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)评价睡眠质量。使用Pearson相关分析及多元线性回归模型探讨老年人社会支持、焦虑症状与睡眠质量之间的关系,并应用Bootstrap法检验焦虑症状的中介效应。

结果

本研究共纳入1 194名研究对象,其中女性717人(60.1%)。社会支持和焦虑症状及睡眠质量指数呈负相关(r= -0.180, P<0.001;r= -0.148,P<0.001),焦虑症状与睡眠质量指数呈正相关(r=0.347,P<0.001)。中介效应分析结果显示,焦虑症状在社会支持与睡眠质量之间的关系中起到部分中介作用,中介效应占比38.0%;在男性中,焦虑症状的中介效应占比为21.4%,而在女性中,焦虑症状的中介效应占比为46.2%。

结论

更好的社会支持状况意味着更低的焦虑水平以及更好的睡眠质量。为社区老年人提供良好的社会支持对于改善老年人的睡眠质量、身体健康和心理健康是十分有意义的。

社会支持  /  睡眠质量  /  焦虑症状  /  中介分析
Objective

To explore the impact of social support on sleep quality among elderly people, and investigate the mediating role of anxiety symptoms between social support and sleep quality. The goal is to provide scientific evidence for improving sleep quality in this population.

Methods

Social Support scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to evaluate social support, anxiety symptoms and sleep quality of older adults. After excluding outliers and missing values, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression models were employed to examine the relationships among social support, anxiety symptoms, and sleep quality in older adults. The Bootstrap method was applied to test the mediating effect of anxiety symptoms.

Results

A total of 1 194 participants were included, including 717 females (60.1%). Social support was negatively correlated with anxiety symptoms and sleep quality index (r= -0.180, P<0.001; r= -0.148, P<0.001), while anxiety symptoms were positively correlated with sleep quality index (r= 0.349, P<0.001). Mediation analysis revealed that anxiety partially mediated the relationship between social support and sleep quality, accounting for 37.5% of the total effect. Among men, anxiety symptoms accounted for 21.4% of the mediating effect, while among women, they accounted for 46.2%.

Conclusion

Better social support is associated with lower anxiety levels and improved sleep quality. Providing adequate social support for community-dwelling older adults is crucial for enhancing their sleep quality, physical health, and mental well-being.

Social support  /  Sleep quality  /  Anxiety symptoms  /  Mediation analysis
严次玲, 叶素妮, 卿艳, 郑裕榕, 邱培媛, 赵正中. 社区老年人社会支持与睡眠质量的关系:焦虑症状的中介机制分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (20) : 3731 -3736 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506045
Ci-ling YAN, Su-ni YE, Yan QING, Yu-rong ZHENG, Pei-yuan QIU, Zheng-zhong ZHAO. Relationship between social support and sleep quality among community-dwelling older adults: Analyzing the mediating role of anxiety symptoms[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (20) : 3731 -3736 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506045
民政部发布的《2022年度国家老龄事业发展公报》显示,截至2022年底,我国65岁及以上的老年人口已达2.1亿,占全国总人口的14.9%[1],老龄化形势严峻。在此背景下,老年群体的健康问题备受关注,其中睡眠障碍尤为突出。研究显示,我国社区老年人中,睡眠障碍的患病率高达41.2%[2]。与睡眠正常的老年人相比,有睡眠障碍的老年人更易罹患中风等严重的躯体疾病[3-4],不仅严重损害老年人的健康和生活质量,也给家庭照护带来沉重负担,并对医疗资源构成持续挑战。因此,探索改善老年人睡眠质量的有效途径具有重要的现实意义。
既往研究显示,社会支持在老年人健康中发挥着重要作用[5]。Williams[6]将社会支持定义为一个多维结构,其核心要素包含互惠性社会关系和可靠的人际联结,具体表现为家庭、朋友和邻里三个层面的支持网络。研究发现,社会支持与老年人的睡眠质量相关。例如,一项纳入61项研究的Meta分析结果显示,更好的社会支持与良好的睡眠结果之间存在稳健的关联[7]。Christina等人的纵向研究发现,来自配偶稳定的支持可以缓冲反刍思维对睡眠质量的负向影响,进而促进睡眠质量[8]。这些证据共同表明,高水平的社会支持是睡眠质量的保护性因素。然而,社会支持影响睡眠的具体机制尚未完全阐明。根据社会支持的双路径理论模型[9],支持性网络可能通过情绪调节和压力缓冲双重路径改善睡眠质量,其中情绪调节路径受到了学者的广泛关注。现有研究发现,社会支持较差的老年人更容易产生焦虑情绪[10],且焦虑情绪使老年人在夜间难以放松,从而出现入睡困难、夜间觉醒频率高等睡眠障碍[11]。此外,约旦长期护理机构的一项研究显示,为老年人提供适当的社会支持,可有效减轻老年人的焦虑症状[12]。这些证据共同构成“社会支持→缓解焦虑症状→改善睡眠质量”的中介路径,提示情绪调节可能在社会支持和睡眠质量间起到关键桥梁作用。基于既往研究证据,本研究提出假设,较好的社会支持可能通过降低老年人焦虑水平,进而帮助他们建立稳定的睡眠模式,减少睡眠障碍的发生,从而改善他们的睡眠质量。因此,本研究旨在探究社会支持与睡眠质量关系的基础上,进一步探索焦虑症状在其中的中介作用,以期为改善老年人的睡眠质量提供科学依据。
本研究于2023年3-9月,采用分层随机抽样的方法,对成都市温江区和龙泉驿区60岁及以上老年人进行问卷调查。研究的纳入标准为:(1)年龄≥60周岁;(2)在当地居住6个月及以上;(3)自愿参加该项目并签署知情同意书。排除标准为:(1)患有严重的视听力障碍,无法配合完成调查;(2)患有严重的精神疾病,无法配合完成调查;(3)主要研究变量缺失。研究总共发放问卷1 456份,回收有效问卷1 333份,问卷有效回收率为91.6%。剔除关键变量中含有缺失值的样本后,最终纳入研究样本1 194份。本研究获得四川大学华西第四医院/华西公共卫生学院伦理委员会的批准(批准号:Gwll2022004)
研究采用自行设计的问卷进行调查,问卷主要包括四个部分:(1)社会人口学特征(包括年龄、性别、婚姻状况、受教育程度和居住状态等)和慢性病患病情况;(2)社会支持自编量表;(3)广泛性焦虑自评量表(Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item,GAD-7)[13];(4)匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)[14]。
社会支持采用自编条目,包括:“家人是否能为您提供情感(精神)上的支持”、“当您需要经济上的帮助时,家人是否能为您提供支持”、“过去一年您是否经常和其他人一起参加活动以及活动的次数/频率(包括聚会、娱乐、运动等)”、“当您处于危机或需要帮助时能获得人们的帮助吗”、“您是否同意可以信任住在这附近的大多数人”。评分标准为:对于“总是”、“大部分时间”、“有时”、“偶尔”、“从来没有”,分别给予4分、3分、2分、1分、0分,再将分数相加,得分范围为0到20分,得分越高,获得的社会支持水平越高。社会支持量表的克朗巴哈系数为0.760,信度较好。
焦虑采用广泛性焦虑自评量表(GAD-7)[13]进行测量,评分标准为:对于“完全没有”、“几天”、“超过一半的时间”和“几乎每天”出现症状,分别给予0分、1分、2分、3分。然后将分数相加,范围为0到21分,得分越高表示焦虑水平越高。在本研究中,GAD-7的克朗巴哈系数为0.890,信度较高。
匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)由匹兹堡大学精神科医生Buysse等人编制[14],是目前应用比较广泛的睡眠自评量表。PSQI量表主要用于评估被调查者在过去1个月内的睡眠质量。该量表包括了19个自评条目,分成7个维度,包括主观睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠干扰、睡眠药物使用以及日间功能。评分标准为:7个部分各自的分数在0~3上进行赋值,然后将7个部分的分数相加得出总的PSQI分数。得分范围为0~21分,得分越高表示睡眠质量越差。在本研究中,PSQI量表的克朗巴哈系数为0.650。
本研究收集居民性别、年龄、婚姻状况、居住状态、受教育程度等社会人口学信息和慢性病患病情况,作为协变量进行分析。将慢性病患病情况分为三类,分别为“不患慢病”“患单一慢病”“患多重慢病”。其中“患多重慢病”即某一个体发生了两种及以上的慢性病。
在调查过程中,我们使用了统一的指导语以保证调查对象对问卷的理解一致;调查完成后,由两名研究人员独立对数据进行清洗和转录,以保证研究结果准确可靠。
正态分布的连续性变量用均值±标准差表示,分类变量数据用频数和百分比(%)表示。焦虑、社会支持和睡眠质量的关联性使用Pearson相关分析,结果以相关系数(r)表示。采用Baron和Kenny提出的中介模型[15],探究焦虑在社会支持和睡眠质量关系中的中介效应。最后,我们采用1 000次重复抽样的非参数Bootstrap方法来评估结果的稳健性。所有分析使用R 4.1.3完成,检验水准α设置为0.05。
1 194名研究对象中,年龄最小60岁,最大95岁。66~70岁和71~75岁老年人占比最高,分别占33.0%和31.5%;女性717人,占60.1%,男性为477人,占39.9%。婚姻状况为已婚或同居的老年人最多,为921名,占77.1%;研究对象受教育程度占比最高的为小学,共529人,占44.3%(表1)。
研究对象社会支持量表评分为12.70±5.07,GAD-7评分为1.22±2.59,PSQI量表评分为5.19±3.21。Pearson相关分析结果显示,老年人社会支持和焦虑症状及睡眠质量指数呈负相关(P<0.001),焦虑症状与睡眠质量指数呈正相关(P<0.001)(表2)。
调整了性别、年龄、婚姻状况、受教育程度等协变量后,以社会支持为自变量,焦虑症状为中介变量,睡眠质量为因变量,进行中介效应分析。结果表明,社会支持越高,睡眠质量越好(P<0.001),且焦虑症状得分越低(P<0.001)(表3)。
进一步通过Bootstrap法检验焦虑症状的中介效应,结果显示社会支持对睡眠质量的总效应为-0.091,直接效应为-0.056,间接效应为-0.035,效应均具有统计学意义,中介效应占比38.0%(图1和表4)。
本研究将男性与女性分为两个亚组,分别分析不同性别中焦虑症状在社会支持与睡眠质量关系之间的中介作用。
在男性亚组中,社会支持对睡眠质量的总效应为-0.098,直接效应为-0.077,间接效应为-0.021,直接效应与间接效应均具有统计学意义。由此可知,焦虑症状在男性的社会支持与睡眠质量之间起到部分中介作用,中介作用占比为21.4%(表5)。
在女性亚组中,社会支持对睡眠质量的总效应为-0.087,直接效应为-0.047,间接效应为-0.040,直接效应与间接效应均具有统计学意义。因此,焦虑症状在女性的社会支持与睡眠质量之间起到部分中介作用,中介效应占比46.2%。(表5)。进一步对男性和女性亚组的中介效应占比进行假设检验,结果显示中介效应占比差异没有统计学意义(Wald检验:Wald χ2=1.559,P=0.212)。
本研究基于成都市老年人群的横断面调查数据,揭示了社会支持与睡眠质量的关联,并探索了焦虑症状在这一关系中的部分中介作用。结果显示,老年人社会支持和睡眠质量呈负相关,且焦虑症状在社会支持和睡眠质量关联中的中介效应占比为38.0%。
研究结果显示,老年人获得的社会支持越多,睡眠质量越好,与既往的研究结果一致。一项来自中国老年健康长寿的调查数据显示,拥有更多的支持性关系与更好的睡眠相关[16]。Salehi Z等人[17]在伊朗老年人中进行的病例对照研究发现,社会支持水平较低的老年人出现睡眠质量问题的风险比社会支持水平高的老年人高出40%。Zhu等学者[18]在针对养老院居民的研究中进一步印证了这一结论,发现社会支持水平低下的老年人群存在更高的睡眠质量受损风险。此外,多项研究表明,来自配偶、家人和朋友的社会支持水平不足会显著增加老年人的睡眠障碍风险[19-21]。从进化论的角度来看[22],家庭和朋友的社会支持会通过提供安全的环境来保护个体免受外部敌人(如夜间食肉动物或其他威胁)的侵害,从而促进个体的睡眠质量。在现代社会,充足的社会支持同样可提供心理安全感,降低夜间警觉水平,以达到最佳睡眠状态[23]。
本研究发现焦虑症状在老年人社会支持与睡眠质量的关联中起到部分中介作用,即较差的社会支持可以通过加重焦虑症状而对老年人睡眠产生负向影响。分性别进行分层分析后,发现焦虑症状在男性和女性中均起到部分中介效应。一项对420名伊朗老年人的横断面研究中也有类似的发现,提出焦虑是社会支持与睡眠质量间的一个中介路径[24]。此外,在中国潍坊进行的一项研究表明[25],流动老年群体中较低的社会支持会导致心理健康问题的出现,进一步影响睡眠质量及生活满意度。此外,在脑卒中和精神科患者中也发现了类似的现象[3,4,26]。随着年龄的增加,老年人群可能会面临功能限制、多重疾病、疼痛、认知障碍、孤独等问题[27],这些因素可能会加剧脆弱感和风险感,放大对独立性和能力的担忧。这种情形下,那些社会接触少、社会支持不足的老年人,获得的情感支持更少,更难维持身份认同,对现实的认识能力和社会适应能力也会减弱,因而更易引起紧张焦虑[28-29]。当出现过度的焦虑情绪时,则可能引起机体昼夜节律系统发生紊乱,机体生物钟非节律性地向觉醒或睡眠诱导区偏移,使机体接收的神经递质兴奋性调节过度,下丘脑-皮质投射神经元去极化,从而造成睡眠障碍[30-31]。
综上所述,更好的社会支持状况意味着更低的焦虑水平以及更好的睡眠质量。基于这一关联,本研究提出以下建议:首先,通过建立老年人社交和活动中心,鼓励他们参与社区活动,增强社交联结,给他们带来情绪安全感及增强归属感,进而减少夜间警觉状态,提高睡眠质量。第二,建议在常规健康检查中增设睡眠障碍筛查和焦虑状态筛查,对筛查异常的个体提供及时有效的个性化干预。以上措施有利于促进老年人心理健康,改善其睡眠质量,对于促进成功老龄化具有重要公共卫生意义。
尽管本研究提供了有价值的证据,但仍然存在一些局限性。首先,在研究设计层面,采用截面研究方法虽能揭示变量间的关联性,但其因果关系难以确定,后续需通过队列研究或随机对照试验进行因果验证。其次,本研究仅纳入成都市老年人,使得研究结论的外推性受限。
  • 国家自然科学基金(72174133)
  • 四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2023YFS0294)
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2025年第52卷第20期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506045
  • 接收时间:2025-06-04
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-04
基金
国家自然科学基金(72174133)
四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2023YFS0294)
作者信息
    1.四川省成都市龙泉驿区山泉镇公立卫生院,四川 成都 610100
    2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院
    3.四川省成都市龙泉驿区龙泉平安社区卫生服务中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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