Article(id=1322590078052979561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322589954702688372, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407370, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721404800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793259647142, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1736438400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793259647142, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793259647142, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793259647142, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322589954702688372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1736438400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793259617734, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260023378, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322591656147276425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322589954702688372, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322591656147276426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322589954702688372, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=97, endPage=102, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322590078279471978, articleId=1322590078052979561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Research on the correlation between shared decision-making and risk perception in patients with type 2 diabetes, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the current status and influencing factors of treatment decision-making participation among patients with type 2 diabetes and to explore its correlation with the perception of complications risk.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was used to select patients with type 2 diabetes from the endocrinology department of a tertiary hospital in Shanxi Province between March and May 2024. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a general information questionnaire, a patient participation in treatment decision-making questionnaire, and a diabetes risk perception scale.

Results

A total of 210 valid questionnaires were collected.The overall score for the actual participation level in shared decision-making among patients with type 2 diabetes was (1.68±0.39), and the score for participation attitude was (1.46±0.27). There was significant inconsistency between the actual participation level and the participation attitude (Kappa=0.102, P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age (B=0.692, 95%CI: 0.065-1.450), educational level (B=0.911, 95%CI: 0.300-1.522), satisfaction with medical services (B=-2.390, 95%CI: -3.726 to -1.053), and perception of complications risk (B=0.070, 95%CI: 0.010-0.129) were the main influencing factors of the actual participation level in decision-making among patients with type 2 diabetes (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The actual participation level in decision-making among patients with type 2 diabetes is relatively low, while their overall attitude towards participation is quite positive, indicating poor consistency between the two.Perception of complications risk is an important influencing factor for actual decision-making participation. Effective risk communication should be conducted to encourage patients to actively engage in decision-making, thereby reducing the occurrence and progression of diabetes complications.

, authors=Li-xia LI1, Ting-yuan KOU2, Xiao-yun WANG1, 3, Xu-xia LI1, Miao-miao ZHANG2, Peng-yan ZHENG1, Ting LV2, authorsList=Li-xia LI, Ting-yuan KOU, Xiao-yun WANG, Xu-xia LI, Miao-miao ZHANG, Peng-yan ZHENG, Ting LV, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiao-yun WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322590080590533489, articleId=1322590078052979561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=2型糖尿病患者共享决策与风险感知相关性的研究, columnId=1228016573533847611, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=基层卫生服务, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解2型糖尿病患者参与治疗决策的现状及影响因素,并探索其与糖尿病并发症风险感知的相关性。

方法

采用便利抽样的方法,选取2024年3—5月山西省某三级甲等医院内分泌科的2型糖尿病患者为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、患者参与治疗决策问卷和糖尿病风险感知量表进行横断面调研。

结果

最终回收有效问卷210份,2型糖尿病患者共享决策实际参与程度总得分为(1.68±0.39)分,参与态度得分(1.46±0.27)分,患者决策实际参与程度与参与态度几乎不一致(Kappa=0.102,P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示年龄(B=0.692,95%CI:0.065~1.450)、文化程度(B=0.911,95%CI:0.300~1.522)、对医疗服务满意度(B=-2.390,95%CI:-3.726~-1.053)和并发症风险感知(B=0.070,95%CI:0.010~0.129)是2型糖尿病患者决策参与实际程度的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。

结论

2型糖尿病患者决策参与实际程度较低,决策参与态度整体较积极,但二者一致性较差;并发症风险感知是决策参与实际程度的重要影响因素,应该进行有效的风险沟通,鼓励患者积极主动地参与决策,减少糖尿病并发症的发生、发展。

, authors=李丽霞1, 寇婷媛2, 王晓云1, 3, 李旭霞1, 张苗苗2, 郑彭燕1, 吕婷2, authorsList=李丽霞, 寇婷媛, 王晓云, 李旭霞, 张苗苗, 郑彭燕, 吕婷, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王晓云, authorNote=

李丽霞(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:内科护理

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王晓云,E-mail:
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Study on the impact of medical risk perception on clinical treatment decision-making in preoperative patients with malignant tumors[J]. Chinese Medical Ethics, 2023, 36(9): 1051-1056.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Study on the impact of medical risk perception on clinical treatment decision-making in preoperative patients with malignant tumors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322590091697050581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590078052979561, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=6, pageStart=45, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=41, authorNames=赵玲玲, 裴炬盛, 韦荣泉, journalName=医学与哲学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵玲玲,裴炬盛,韦荣泉,等. 癌症患者医疗风险感知的研究进展[J]. 医学与哲学,2021,42(6):45-48., articleTitle=癌症患者医疗风险感知的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322590091776742358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590078052979561, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=6, pageStart=45, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=42, authorNames=Zhao LL, Pei JS, Wei RQ, journalName=Medicine & Philosophy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao LL, Pei JS, Wei RQ, et al. Research progress on medical risk perception of cancer patients[J]. Medicine & Philosophy, 2021, 42(6): 45-48.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Research progress on medical risk perception of cancer patients, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322590086651302827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590078052979561, awardId=202104031402129, language=CN, fundingSource=山西省科技战略研究专项(202104031402129), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322590080787665778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590078052979561, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322590080791860083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590078052979561, companyId=1322590080787665778, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Nursing, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322590080800248692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590078052979561, companyId=1322590080787665778, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山西中医药大学护理学院,山西 晋中 030619)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322590080854774645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590078052979561, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322590080863163254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590078052979561, companyId=1322590080854774645, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.山西医科大学护理学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322590080930272119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590078052979561, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322590080938660728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590078052979561, companyId=1322590080930272119, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.山西省人民医院内分泌科,山西 太原 030012)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322590085636281251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590078052979561, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Univariate analysis of factors influencing the actual degree of participation in shared decision making among patients with type 2 diabetes [n=210,n(%),()]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数共享决策实际参与程度得分(分)统计值P值
年龄(岁)F=6.869<0.001
≤4028(13.3)1.44±0.33
41~5061(29.0)1.60±0.40
51~6465(31.0)1.75±0.42
≥6556(26.7)1.78±0.32
性别t=-1.8230.070
男92(43.8)1.62±0.43
女118(56.2)1.72±0.35
婚姻状况F=3.5550.211
已婚159(75.7)1.69±0.37
丧偶或离异51(24.3)1.61±0.45
文化程度F=5.994<0.001
文盲23(11.0)1.52±0.40
小学91(43.3)1.62±0.39
初中47(22.4)1.65±0.23
高中31(14.8)1.77±0.39
大学及以上18(8.6)2.03±0.50
家庭月收入(元)F=1.7890.150
<1 00014(6.7)1.53±0.39
1 000~3 00057(27.1)1.62±0.43
>3 000~5 00086(41.0)1.68±0.41
>5 00053(25.2)1.76±0.30
职业F=1.1700.322
工人51(24.3)1.60±0.42
农民68(32.4)1.67±0.42
个体73(34.8)1.71±0.32
职员18(8.6)1.78±0.40
居住地区F=20.9340.001
城市122(58.1)1.60±0.44
农村88(41.9)1.78±0.29
医疗费用支付方式F=2.3830.095
职工医保73(34.8)1.60±0.43
居民医保129(61.4)1.71±0.36
自费8(3.8)1.81±0.39
性格特征F=4.159<0.001
内向99(47.1)1.57±0.41
外向111(52.9)1.77±0.35
对医疗服务满意度F=22.182<0.001
非常满意113(53.8)1.78±0.37
比较满意97(46.2)1.54±0.38
医疗负担情况F=2.7450.067
完全无负担91(43.3)1.61±0.43
基本无负担96(45.7)1.74±0.36
有一定负担23(11.0)1.68±0.36
是否有并发症F=11.1470.010
是133(63.3)1.63±0.41
否77(36.7)1.76±0.33
), ArticleFig(id=1322590085732750244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590078052979561, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2型糖尿病患者共享决策实际参与程度影响因素的单因素分析[n=210,n(%),()]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数共享决策实际参与程度得分(分)统计值P值
年龄(岁)F=6.869<0.001
≤4028(13.3)1.44±0.33
41~5061(29.0)1.60±0.40
51~6465(31.0)1.75±0.42
≥6556(26.7)1.78±0.32
性别t=-1.8230.070
男92(43.8)1.62±0.43
女118(56.2)1.72±0.35
婚姻状况F=3.5550.211
已婚159(75.7)1.69±0.37
丧偶或离异51(24.3)1.61±0.45
文化程度F=5.994<0.001
文盲23(11.0)1.52±0.40
小学91(43.3)1.62±0.39
初中47(22.4)1.65±0.23
高中31(14.8)1.77±0.39
大学及以上18(8.6)2.03±0.50
家庭月收入(元)F=1.7890.150
<1 00014(6.7)1.53±0.39
1 000~3 00057(27.1)1.62±0.43
>3 000~5 00086(41.0)1.68±0.41
>5 00053(25.2)1.76±0.30
职业F=1.1700.322
工人51(24.3)1.60±0.42
农民68(32.4)1.67±0.42
个体73(34.8)1.71±0.32
职员18(8.6)1.78±0.40
居住地区F=20.9340.001
城市122(58.1)1.60±0.44
农村88(41.9)1.78±0.29
医疗费用支付方式F=2.3830.095
职工医保73(34.8)1.60±0.43
居民医保129(61.4)1.71±0.36
自费8(3.8)1.81±0.39
性格特征F=4.159<0.001
内向99(47.1)1.57±0.41
外向111(52.9)1.77±0.35
对医疗服务满意度F=22.182<0.001
非常满意113(53.8)1.78±0.37
比较满意97(46.2)1.54±0.38
医疗负担情况F=2.7450.067
完全无负担91(43.3)1.61±0.43
基本无负担96(45.7)1.74±0.36
有一定负担23(11.0)1.68±0.36
是否有并发症F=11.1470.010
是133(63.3)1.63±0.41
否77(36.7)1.76±0.33
), ArticleFig(id=1322590086059905957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590078052979561, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Consistency between actual participation level and participation attitude

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参与态度实际参与程度合计
高(<1.5分)低(≥1.5分)
积极态度(<1.5)284775
消极态度(≥1.5)3798135
合计65145210
Kappa0.102
P值<0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1322590086131209126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590078052979561, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

实际参与程度与参与态度的一致性(例)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参与态度实际参与程度合计
高(<1.5分)低(≥1.5分)
积极态度(<1.5)284775
消极态度(≥1.5)3798135
合计65145210
Kappa0.102
P值<0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1322590086215095207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590078052979561, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Name and assignment method of independent variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量赋值方法
年龄(岁)≤40=1,41~50=2,51~64=3,≥65=4
文化程度文盲=1,小学=2,初中=3,高中=4,大学及以上=5
居住地区城市=1,农村=2
性格特征内向=1,外向=2
对医疗服务满意度非常满意=1,比较满意=2,不满意=3
是否有并发症是=1,否=0
并发症风险感知原值输入
参与态度积极态度(<1.5)=1,消极态度(≥1.5)=2
), ArticleFig(id=1322590086278009768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590078052979561, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

自变量名称及赋值方法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量赋值方法
年龄(岁)≤40=1,41~50=2,51~64=3,≥65=4
文化程度文盲=1,小学=2,初中=3,高中=4,大学及以上=5
居住地区城市=1,农村=2
性格特征内向=1,外向=2
对医疗服务满意度非常满意=1,比较满意=2,不满意=3
是否有并发症是=1,否=0
并发症风险感知原值输入
参与态度积极态度(<1.5)=1,消极态度(≥1.5)=2
), ArticleFig(id=1322590086466753449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590078052979561, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Multiple linear regression analysis of factors affecting actual participation in shared decision making in patients with type 2 diabetes (n=210)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量非标准化系数(95%CI)标准误标准化系数t值P值
常量15.404(8.798~22.009)3.350—4.598<0.001
年龄0.692(0.065~1.450)0.3840.1481.8020.013
文化程度0.911(0.300~1.522)0.3100.2182.9380.004
对医疗服务满意度-2.390(-3.726~-1.053)0.678-0.255-3.3260.001
并发症风险感知0.070(0.010~0.129)0.0300.1722.3210.021
), ArticleFig(id=1322590086542250922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590078052979561, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2型糖尿病患者共享决策实际参与程度影响因素的多元线性回归分析(n=210)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量非标准化系数(95%CI)标准误标准化系数t值P值
常量15.404(8.798~22.009)3.350—4.598<0.001
年龄0.692(0.065~1.450)0.3840.1481.8020.013
文化程度0.911(0.300~1.522)0.3100.2182.9380.004
对医疗服务满意度-2.390(-3.726~-1.053)0.678-0.255-3.3260.001
并发症风险感知0.070(0.010~0.129)0.0300.1722.3210.021
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2型糖尿病患者共享决策与风险感知相关性的研究
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李丽霞 1 , 寇婷媛 2 , 王晓云 1, 3 , 李旭霞 1 , 张苗苗 2 , 郑彭燕 1 , 吕婷 2
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2025,52(1): 97-102
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现代预防医学 |基层卫生服务 2025 , 52 (1) : 97 -102
2型糖尿病患者共享决策与风险感知相关性的研究
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李丽霞1, 寇婷媛2, 王晓云1, 3 , 李旭霞1, 张苗苗2, 郑彭燕1, 吕婷2
作者信息
  • 1.山西中医药大学护理学院,山西 晋中 030619
  • 2.山西医科大学护理学院
  • 3.山西省人民医院内分泌科,山西 太原 030012
通讯作者:
王晓云,E-mail:
作者简介:

李丽霞(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:内科护理

Research on the correlation between shared decision-making and risk perception in patients with type 2 diabetes
Li-xia LI1, Ting-yuan KOU2, Xiao-yun WANG1, 3 , Xu-xia LI1, Miao-miao ZHANG2, Peng-yan ZHENG1, Ting LV2
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, China
出版时间: 2025-01-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407370
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目的

了解2型糖尿病患者参与治疗决策的现状及影响因素,并探索其与糖尿病并发症风险感知的相关性。

方法

采用便利抽样的方法,选取2024年3—5月山西省某三级甲等医院内分泌科的2型糖尿病患者为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、患者参与治疗决策问卷和糖尿病风险感知量表进行横断面调研。

结果

最终回收有效问卷210份,2型糖尿病患者共享决策实际参与程度总得分为(1.68±0.39)分,参与态度得分(1.46±0.27)分,患者决策实际参与程度与参与态度几乎不一致(Kappa=0.102,P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示年龄(B=0.692,95%CI:0.065~1.450)、文化程度(B=0.911,95%CI:0.300~1.522)、对医疗服务满意度(B=-2.390,95%CI:-3.726~-1.053)和并发症风险感知(B=0.070,95%CI:0.010~0.129)是2型糖尿病患者决策参与实际程度的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。

结论

2型糖尿病患者决策参与实际程度较低,决策参与态度整体较积极,但二者一致性较差;并发症风险感知是决策参与实际程度的重要影响因素,应该进行有效的风险沟通,鼓励患者积极主动地参与决策,减少糖尿病并发症的发生、发展。

2型糖尿病  /  共享决策  /  风险感知
Objective

To understand the current status and influencing factors of treatment decision-making participation among patients with type 2 diabetes and to explore its correlation with the perception of complications risk.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was used to select patients with type 2 diabetes from the endocrinology department of a tertiary hospital in Shanxi Province between March and May 2024. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a general information questionnaire, a patient participation in treatment decision-making questionnaire, and a diabetes risk perception scale.

Results

A total of 210 valid questionnaires were collected.The overall score for the actual participation level in shared decision-making among patients with type 2 diabetes was (1.68±0.39), and the score for participation attitude was (1.46±0.27). There was significant inconsistency between the actual participation level and the participation attitude (Kappa=0.102, P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age (B=0.692, 95%CI: 0.065-1.450), educational level (B=0.911, 95%CI: 0.300-1.522), satisfaction with medical services (B=-2.390, 95%CI: -3.726 to -1.053), and perception of complications risk (B=0.070, 95%CI: 0.010-0.129) were the main influencing factors of the actual participation level in decision-making among patients with type 2 diabetes (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The actual participation level in decision-making among patients with type 2 diabetes is relatively low, while their overall attitude towards participation is quite positive, indicating poor consistency between the two.Perception of complications risk is an important influencing factor for actual decision-making participation. Effective risk communication should be conducted to encourage patients to actively engage in decision-making, thereby reducing the occurrence and progression of diabetes complications.

Type 2 diabetes  /  Shared decision-making  /  Risk perception
李丽霞, 寇婷媛, 王晓云, 李旭霞, 张苗苗, 郑彭燕, 吕婷. 2型糖尿病患者共享决策与风险感知相关性的研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (1) : 97 -102 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407370
Li-xia LI, Ting-yuan KOU, Xiao-yun WANG, Xu-xia LI, Miao-miao ZHANG, Peng-yan ZHENG, Ting LV. Research on the correlation between shared decision-making and risk perception in patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (1) : 97 -102 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407370
调查显示,我国成年人的糖尿病患病率达到11.2%,2021年患病人数超过1.4亿,预计2045年将超过1.74亿[1]。随着糖尿病患病率的显著增长,其并发症的风险也在急剧上升,一旦控制效果不理想,就会造成较高的致残率和致死率,给家庭和社会带来沉重的经济负担[2]。研究已证实,有效的风险感知能够降低糖尿病并发症的发生率,促进疾病的治疗和恢复,同时风险感知还显著影响着患者的情绪状态、医疗决策及对治疗的依从性,进而影响治疗效果、加剧医患之间的矛盾[3]。共享决策是指患者主动参与,医患双方共享信息,共同参与,在考虑到患者个性化需求的前提下,针对治疗方案做出一致决定[4]。风险感知是患者对疾病客观风险的主观认知,是影响患者健康行为决策和自我管理能力的重要因素[5]。若患者缺乏准确的疾病风险感知,往往会导致其做出不合理的医疗决策,错过最佳治疗时机,导致病情恶化[6]。在实际医疗决策过程中只有让患者充分、正确的了解自身疾病风险,减少患者高估风险的忧虑和低估风险的大意,才能实现最大程度的医患共享决策,使患者获得最大收益。《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》[7]中提倡“共享共建,全民健康”。但目前国内关于糖尿病患者共享决策和风险感知的相关研究鲜有,二者的确切关系还需进一步探索。本研究旨在了解2型糖尿病患者参与治疗决策的现状及影响因素,并探讨其与糖尿病并发症风险感知的相关性。为医护人员开发针对糖尿病的决策辅助工具提供科学依据,促进患者更积极地参与治疗决策,提高疾病风险感知水平,从而减少糖尿病并发症的发生与发展。
采用便利抽样的方法,选取2024年3—5月山西省某三级甲等医院内分泌科的2型糖尿病患者为研究对象。本研究已经通过山西中医药大学医学伦理委员会审核批准(伦理编号:2023LL32 3),所有调查对象均自愿参并且签署知情同意书。
纳入标准:(1)年龄≥18岁;(2)参照《中国2型糖尿病防治指南2020年版》[8]的诊断标准确诊为2型糖尿病。
排除标准:(1)存在语言沟通障碍、听力障碍及认知障碍;(2)合并有酮症酸中毒、高渗状态、高渗昏迷等严重糖尿病急性并发症和其他严重器官病变的患者;(3)精神疾病或老年痴呆者;(4)参与其它研究者。样本量的确定:按照Kendall多因素分析样本量估算方法,样本量为总维度条目数的5~10倍,本研究共19个变量,考虑样本回收时的无效和遗失情况,扩大样本量的20%,因此纳入样本量为114~228例,本研究选取样本量为225例。
研究者自行设计2型糖尿病一般情况调查表,包括年龄、性别、文化程度、家庭月收入、医保报销方式等相关资料。
该问卷从芬兰引进,由我国学者马丽莉[9]将其进行汉化。参与治疗决策的态度和程度部分的Cronbach α系数为0.8506,该问卷的内部一致性和信效度均较好。问卷包括两部分,参与治疗决策实际程度和参与态度,各包含12个内容一致的条目。该问卷采用3级评分法,参与态度1~3分分别表示“很重要”“不太重要”“不重要”,参与程度1~3分分别表示“很大程度上参与”“一般”“没有参与”;参与决策的态度和实际参与程度分别计分,取各条目分值相加后的平均数,得分<1.5分表示参与态度积极或实际参与程度高,≥1.5分表示参与态度消极或实际参与程度低。本研究测得Cronbach α系数为0.834。
由Walker等[10]于2007年研发,我国学者马慧玲等[11]于2022年进行汉化及信效度检验,主要用于评估2型糖尿病患者对并发症的风险感知水平,量表包括(个人控制、担心、个人疾病风险、乐观偏差、相对性环境风险)5个维度,共23个条目,各条目采用Likert 4级评分,其中第3、5和6条需要反向计分,总分及维度得分均是下属条目之和的算数平均数,范围为1~4分,得分越高,表明患者对发生糖尿病并发症的感知水平越高,该量表Cronbach α系数为0.912。本研究测得Cronbach α系数为0.891。
研究者与五位调查人员组成调查小组,经过统一培训考核合格后进行问卷调查。调查前向调查对象阐明本次调查的目的、方式以及重要性,取得患者同意后发放问卷,由患者本人依据个人实际情况填写。收回问卷后,为了确保数据的准确性,由双人对照医院HIS信息系统里的病历资料进行交叉核对与必要补充,以确保临床资料的完整性和准确性。本次研究中,共下发225份问卷,查验剔除15份无效问卷,最终获得有效问卷210份。
采用SPSS 25.0统计软件进行数据处理。统计描述采用频数、百分比表示,符合正态分布的资料用()表示,服从正态分布计量资料和方差齐则使用独立样本t检验或单因素方差分析进行比较,采用Kappa一致性检验分析决策参与态度与实际决策参与程度的一致性;采用多元线性回归分析患者实际决策参与程度的影响因素。检验水准α=0.05。
2.1 2型糖尿病患者一般人口学资料及共享决策实际参与程度影响因素的单因素分析,见表1。
2.2 2型糖尿病患者实际参与度、参与态度、并发症风险感知得分本研究显示,共享决策总得分为(1.57±0.24)分,其中,共享决策实际参与程度得分为(1.68±0.39)分,有69.05%的患者实际参与程度低,30.95%的患者实际参与程度高,说明大部分患者认为自身参与健康共享决策的程度不够。参与态度得分为(1.46±0.27)分,表明整体上患者共享决策参与态度比较积极。对实际参与程度和参与态度进行一致性检验发现,一致性系数Kappa值为0.102(P<0.05),说明2型糖尿病患者共享决策实际参与程度与参与态度一致性较低。患者并发症的风险感知得分为(2.69±0.50)分,说明2型糖尿病患者并发症风险感知水平较低。见表2。
2.3 2型糖尿病患者实际决策参与程度的多元线性回归分析 以2型糖尿病患者共享决策实际参与程度总分为因变量,单因素分析具有统计学意义的变量(P<0.05)及并发症风险感知、参与态度作为自变量,进行多元线性回归分析。自变量赋值见表3。结果显示,年龄、文化程度、对医疗服务满意度、并发症风险感知是糖尿病患者共享决策实际参与程度的独立影响因素(均P<0.05),见表4。
本研究显示,2型糖尿病患者的决策参与态度得分为(1.46±0.27)分,小于1.5分,说明患者的决策参与态度较为积极,参与意愿较强,但患者实际参与程度得分为(1.68±0.39)分,大于1.5分,说明患者的实际参与程度较低,与曾琪茜[12]的研究结果基本一致,均显示患者实际参与程度和参与态度不一致。究其原因如下:(1)目前国内医患共享决策尚缺政策与规范指引,限制了其在临床中的普及和应用,且传统的临床决策模式偏重“家长式”教育,忽略了患者心声,阻碍了共享理念的进步[13]。(2)决策辅导流程缺乏全国统一标准,仅在个别医院小范围实施,尚未形成多领域、实用、科学、可推广的方案,难以推广且质量不一,成为共享决策发展的绊脚石[14]。因此,在临床工作中为推进共享决策,需加强医护人员培训,向患者普及共享决策的重要性,端正其态度,开发符合国情、统一标准的评价体系,实现真正的医护患共享。
多元线性回归分析结果显示,患者年龄、文化程度、对医疗服务的满意度、并发症风险感知水平是影响患者实际参与治疗决策方式的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。(1)年龄:本研究发现,年龄越大,决策实际参与水平越高,与Ahmad等[15]的研究结果大体一致,但与王淇和苗金红[16]在终末期肾脏病患者中的研究结果相反。分析原因可能是老年终末期肾病患者预期寿命有限、严重合并症较多,是肾脏替代治疗的主要人群,面临复杂的血液透析治疗及保守肾脏管理,面对复杂的治疗方式患者常陷于决策困境之中,常常会让家属进行替代决策[17]。而糖尿病患者的治疗策略是综合性的,年龄越大,患者的经验和阅历越丰富,对疾病相关知识及管理也更加了解,因此更愿意参与到医疗决策当中[18]。(2)文化程度:本研究发现,文化水平较低患者获取疾病相关知识的能力有限,对治疗的认知水平偏低,参与基本治疗的态度不积极,使得共享决策水平偏低,不利于选择最佳的医疗决策,与卢珊珊等[19]的研究结论是一致的。文化水平在一定程度上代表患者参与共享决策的能力,患者对疾病有足够的理解以及应对能力是患者参与共享决策的基石。文化程度较高的患者对生活以及自己的健康状况都有需求及规划,对疾病的判断能力强,能清楚感受到治疗过程中的参与感及自我价值的实现[20]。另外,文化程度低的患者对疾病相关治疗方案了解不足,认为自身的参与与否无太大意义,故导致病人参与共享决策水平较低[21]。(3)医疗服务满意度:本研究发现,患者的医疗服务满意度越高,决策参与度越高,与Saheb等[22]的研究结果大体一致。当医务人员专业性强、经验丰富、技术能力水平较强、传达积极的态度时,患者会更加信任医师,对医疗服务满意度更高,更容易及时、准确地向医师表达自己的感受,治疗依从性更高[23]。当处于良好的医疗服务环境中时,患者会更加热情和舒适地讨论自己的病情,也会更愿意向医护人员表达自己的需求和担忧。这表明医务人员扎实的技能和良好的沟通能力可以提高患者对医疗服务的满意度,从而促进患者决策参与的实施。(4)并发症风险感知:本研究发现,并发症风险感知水平是患者共享决策实际参与程度的影响因素,且与共享决策实际参与程度呈正相关,与Saheb等[22]和李奇遇等[24]的研究结果一致。疾病风险感知是促进患者做出有利于健康的临床决策和改善医患关系的有效方式[25]。风险感知水平较高的患者往往具备更多的疾病知识和自我管理技能,使得他们在参与决策的过程中更有信心,更加积极主动地与医生合作,并提出自己的意见和偏好,以确保治疗方案的可行性和适应性,同时进一步改善糖尿病管理和治疗成果。同时本研究发现,参与治疗决策的态度对实际参与程度无统计学意义(P>0.05),说明患者参与治疗决策的态度较积极,但在实际医疗过程中,由于各种因素(如信息不对称、沟通障碍、时间限制等)导致其无法充分参与,出现认知和行为的鸿沟。
综上所述,在临床工作中要特别关注年龄、文化程度、医疗服务满意度、并发症风险感知水平较低以及表面积极参与、实则不付诸行动的糖尿病患者。针对这些患者应采取个性化的风险沟通和干预措施,提供简单易懂的信息进行有效沟通,提高医疗服务满意度,激励患者正视其健康状况,提高自我效能感和自我管理能力,缓解其对疾病的忧虑与不安,鼓励其参与到与疾病治疗及护理相关的决策过程中,共同制定最佳方案,促进患者实际决策参与,从而改善健康状况。
  • 山西省科技战略研究专项(202104031402129)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407370
  • 接收时间:2024-07-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-20
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    1.山西中医药大学护理学院,山西 晋中 030619
    2.山西医科大学护理学院
    3.山西省人民医院内分泌科,山西 太原 030012

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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