Article(id=1322589958133625061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322589954702688372, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407096, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720368000000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793259618551, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1736438400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793259618551, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793259618551, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793259618551, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322589954702688372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1736438400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793259617734, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260023378, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322591656147276425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322589954702688372, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322591656147276426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322589954702688372, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=92, endPage=96, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322589960641818854, articleId=1322589958133625061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The mediating effect of oral frailty on the relationship between health promotion behaviors and healthy aging among rural elderly individuals, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the mediating effect of oral frailty on the relationship between health promotion behaviors and healthy aging among rural elderly individuals.

Methods

A multi-stage sampling method was employed to conduct a questionnaire survey involving 439 rural elderly participants in Chengde city, Hebei Province. The general information questionnaire, a healthy aging scale, a health promotion behavior scale, and an oral frailty screening scale were used.

Results

The scores for healthy aging among rural elderly individuals in Chengde were (128.64±26.17), (64.01±16.18) for health promotion behaviors, and (6.06±3.05) for oral frailty. Spearman correlation analysis indicated significant correlations among the three variables. Mediation effect testing revealed that oral frailty partially mediated the relationship between health promotion behaviors and healthy aging, accounting for 20.47% of the mediation effect.

Conclusion

The level of healthy aging among rural elderly individuals is moderate. It is essential to implement health promotion behaviors and adopt relevant measures to reduce oral frailty to achieve healthy aging.

, authors=Qing-jian YANG, Yan-na WANG, Si-hang XU, Jia-yi SONG, Chi ZHANG, Yan ZHANG, Jian-li TIAN, authorsList=Qing-jian YANG, Yan-na WANG, Si-hang XU, Jia-yi SONG, Chi ZHANG, Yan ZHANG, Jian-li TIAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jian-li TIAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322589969495994612, articleId=1322589958133625061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=口腔衰弱在农村老年人健康促进行为和健康老龄化间的中介效应, columnId=1228016573533847611, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=基层卫生服务, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨口腔衰弱在农村老年人健康促进行为和健康老龄化间的中介效应。

方法

采用多阶段抽样方法,使用一般资料问卷、健康老龄化量表、健康促进行为量表、口腔衰弱筛查量表对河北省承德市439名农村老年人进行问卷调查。

结果

承德市农村老年人健康老龄化得分为(128.64±26.17)分,健康促进行为得分为(64.01±16.18)分,口腔衰弱得分为(6.06±3.05)分。Spearman相关分析显示,三者间两两相关。中介效应检验结果表明口腔衰弱在健康促进行为与健康老龄化间起部分中介效应,中介效应占比为20.47%。

结论

农村老年人健康老龄化处于中等水平,应实施健康促进行为,采取相关措施降低口腔衰弱以实现健康老龄化。

, authors=杨青建, 王艳娜, 徐思航, 宋佳怡, 张驰, 张艳, 田建丽, authorsList=杨青建, 王艳娜, 徐思航, 宋佳怡, 张驰, 张艳, 田建丽, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=田建丽, authorNote=

杨青建(1983—),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:老年照护

, correspAuthorsNote=
田建丽,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=UPyMf5547GYqbYUYDjGCOw==, magXml=noprRwRdiyIa4SVlQW5dMQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=5Irq2Ioij5tJX+zMkC2lww==, pdfFileSize=541017, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=axNbre40cX/U3MSbesDd0A==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322589970687176953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589958133625061, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322589970783645947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589958133625061, authorId=1322589970687176953, language=EN, stringName=Qing-jian YANG, firstName=Qing-jian, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Nursing, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322589972440396028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589958133625061, authorId=1322589970687176953, language=CN, stringName=杨青建, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=承德医学院护理学院,河北 承德 067000, bio={"content":"

杨青建(1983—),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:老年照护

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杨青建(1983—),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:老年照护

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The chain mediating effect of health promotion lifestyle and loneliness of the elderly in the community between self-perceived aging and quality of Life[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2023, 50(15): 2767-2772.(In Chinese), articleTitle=The chain mediating effect of health promotion lifestyle and loneliness of the elderly in the community between self-perceived aging and quality of Life, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322589986784915804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589958133625061, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=85, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Wu F, Sheng Y, journalName=Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu F, Sheng Y. Social support network, social support, self-efficacy, health-promoting behavior and healthy aging among older adults: A pathway analysis[J]. 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Research progress on oral frailty in the elderly[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2022, 36(11): 1976-1980.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Research progress on oral frailty in the elderly, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322589978794766639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589958133625061, awardId=KY202410, language=CN, fundingSource=河北省省属高等学校基本科研业务费研究项目-重点项目(KY202410), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322589978870264112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589958133625061, awardId=SZ2024137, language=CN, fundingSource=河北省教育厅科学研究项目资助(SZ2024137), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322589970326466805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589958133625061, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322589970339049718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589958133625061, companyId=1322589970326466805, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Nursing, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322589970351632631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589958133625061, companyId=1322589970326466805, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=承德医学院护理学院,河北 承德 067000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322589977905574181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589958133625061, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Scores of health-promoting behavior, oral frailty and healthy aging of rural elderly [n=439,()]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总分(分)条目均分(分)
健康促进行为64.01±16.182.91±0.74
健康饮食15.02±3.223.00±0.64
健康责任10.64±4.312.66±1.08
健康锻炼5.18±2.022.59±1.01
健康习惯17.50±2.593.50±0.52
社会参与10.33±3.762.58±0.94
口腔保健5.35±2.452.67±1.22
口腔衰弱6.06±3.050.76±0.38
咀嚼能力1.68±1.370.84±0.68
吞咽功能1.44±1.250.72±0.63
社会参与度0.48±0.360.48±0.36
是否使用义齿1.46±0.891.46±0.89
口腔健康相关行为1.11±0.870.56±0.44
健康老龄化128.64±26.173.68±0.75
躯体功能正常15.44±3.653.86±0.91
认知功能正常13.44±4.273.36±1.07
生活充足且简单19.97±3.443.99±0.69
接受年老7.48±1.793.74±0.90
自我照护13.48±3.483.37±0.87
拥有社交关系及支持16.62±3.854.16±0.96
行善助人15.57±3.993.89±1.00
社交参与9.05±4.173.02±1.39
压力管理17.58±5.003.52±1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322589977997848870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589958133625061, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

农村老年人健康促进行为、口腔衰弱、健康老龄化得分[n=439,()]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总分(分)条目均分(分)
健康促进行为64.01±16.182.91±0.74
健康饮食15.02±3.223.00±0.64
健康责任10.64±4.312.66±1.08
健康锻炼5.18±2.022.59±1.01
健康习惯17.50±2.593.50±0.52
社会参与10.33±3.762.58±0.94
口腔保健5.35±2.452.67±1.22
口腔衰弱6.06±3.050.76±0.38
咀嚼能力1.68±1.370.84±0.68
吞咽功能1.44±1.250.72±0.63
社会参与度0.48±0.360.48±0.36
是否使用义齿1.46±0.891.46±0.89
口腔健康相关行为1.11±0.870.56±0.44
健康老龄化128.64±26.173.68±0.75
躯体功能正常15.44±3.653.86±0.91
认知功能正常13.44±4.273.36±1.07
生活充足且简单19.97±3.443.99±0.69
接受年老7.48±1.793.74±0.90
自我照护13.48±3.483.37±0.87
拥有社交关系及支持16.62±3.854.16±0.96
行善助人15.57±3.993.89±1.00
社交参与9.05±4.173.02±1.39
压力管理17.58±5.003.52±1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322589978090123559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589958133625061, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of differences in health aging scores among rural elderly [n=439,()]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目人数健康老龄化(分)统计量P值
性别t=3.676<0.001
男222133.12±25.56
女217124.06±26.06
年龄(岁)F=13.140<0.001
60~69151120.54±25.13
70~79240134.05±25.52
≥8048127.04±26.33
居住地F=214.160<0.001
围场153125.31±23.30
滦平169149.22±14.26
承德117103.26±17.29
婚姻状况t=-3.1270.002
无配偶101121.56±28.76
有配偶338130.75±25.01
文化程度F=19.811<0.001
未上学160118.89±24.17
小学218135.27±25.76
初中及以上61130.51±25.21
家庭人均月收入
(元)
F=23.552<0.001
<1 000139118.37±24.80
1 000~2 999255135.54±25.33
≥3 00045121.24±22.83
子女数量(个)F=6.076<0.001
011115.00±42.01
127111.59±28.71
2243128.74±24.76
≥3158132.35±25.31
饮酒t=3.639<0.001
是182133.82±23.30
否257124.97±27.49
慢性病数量(种)F=55.571<0.001
0136145.66±22.42
1134125.01±24.78
≥2169117.82±23.09
体育锻炼F=148.394<0.001
不参加61103.33±24.59
偶尔参加129113.01±21.69
经常参加249142.94±18.19
自评健康状况F=83.660<0.001
较好224142.08±20.14
一般114116.22±25.76
较差101112.86±22.69
医保类型F=2.9720.032
无7104.29±25.70
新农合医保410128.65±26.28
商业医保5126.20±23.12
新农合医保+商业医保17139.06±18.43
), ArticleFig(id=1322589978178203944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589958133625061, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

农村老年人健康老龄化得分的差异性比较[n=439,()]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目人数健康老龄化(分)统计量P值
性别t=3.676<0.001
男222133.12±25.56
女217124.06±26.06
年龄(岁)F=13.140<0.001
60~69151120.54±25.13
70~79240134.05±25.52
≥8048127.04±26.33
居住地F=214.160<0.001
围场153125.31±23.30
滦平169149.22±14.26
承德117103.26±17.29
婚姻状况t=-3.1270.002
无配偶101121.56±28.76
有配偶338130.75±25.01
文化程度F=19.811<0.001
未上学160118.89±24.17
小学218135.27±25.76
初中及以上61130.51±25.21
家庭人均月收入
(元)
F=23.552<0.001
<1 000139118.37±24.80
1 000~2 999255135.54±25.33
≥3 00045121.24±22.83
子女数量(个)F=6.076<0.001
011115.00±42.01
127111.59±28.71
2243128.74±24.76
≥3158132.35±25.31
饮酒t=3.639<0.001
是182133.82±23.30
否257124.97±27.49
慢性病数量(种)F=55.571<0.001
0136145.66±22.42
1134125.01±24.78
≥2169117.82±23.09
体育锻炼F=148.394<0.001
不参加61103.33±24.59
偶尔参加129113.01±21.69
经常参加249142.94±18.19
自评健康状况F=83.660<0.001
较好224142.08±20.14
一般114116.22±25.76
较差101112.86±22.69
医保类型F=2.9720.032
无7104.29±25.70
新农合医保410128.65±26.28
商业医保5126.20±23.12
新农合医保+商业医保17139.06±18.43
), ArticleFig(id=1322589978270478633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589958133625061, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation between health-promoting behavior, oral frailty and healthy aging of rural elderly (n=439)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目健康老龄化健康促进行为口腔衰弱
健康老龄化1.000
健康促进行为0.716**1.000
口腔衰弱-0.589**-0.615**1.000
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农村老年人健康促进行为、口腔衰弱、健康老龄化的相关性(n=439)

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项目健康老龄化健康促进行为口腔衰弱
健康老龄化1.000
健康促进行为0.716**1.000
口腔衰弱-0.589**-0.615**1.000
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Analysis of mediating effects of oral frailty

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方程因变量自变量Bt值P值F值R2值调整R2值
1健康老龄化健康促进行为1.15821.448<0.001459.9990.5130.512
2口腔衰弱健康促进行为-0.116-16.314<0.001266.1440.3790.377
3健康老龄化健康促进行为0.92113.948<0.001264.3670.5480.546
口腔衰弱-2.043-5.831<0.001
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口腔衰弱的中介效应分析

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方程因变量自变量Bt值P值F值R2值调整R2值
1健康老龄化健康促进行为1.15821.448<0.001459.9990.5130.512
2口腔衰弱健康促进行为-0.116-16.314<0.001266.1440.3790.377
3健康老龄化健康促进行为0.92113.948<0.001264.3670.5480.546
口腔衰弱-2.043-5.831<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322589978610217261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589958133625061, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Verification of mediating effect of oral frailty

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效应路径效应值(95%CI)效应占比(%)
直接效应健康促进行为→健康老龄化0.921(0.792~1.051)79.53
中介效应健康促进行为→口腔衰弱→健康老龄化0.237(0.141~0.351)20.47
总效应健康促进行为→健康老龄化1.158(1.052~1.265)100
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口腔衰弱的中介效应验证

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应路径效应值(95%CI)效应占比(%)
直接效应健康促进行为→健康老龄化0.921(0.792~1.051)79.53
中介效应健康促进行为→口腔衰弱→健康老龄化0.237(0.141~0.351)20.47
总效应健康促进行为→健康老龄化1.158(1.052~1.265)100
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口腔衰弱在农村老年人健康促进行为和健康老龄化间的中介效应
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杨青建 , 王艳娜 , 徐思航 , 宋佳怡 , 张驰 , 张艳 , 田建丽
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2025,52(1): 92-96
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现代预防医学 |基层卫生服务 2025 , 52 (1) : 92 -96
口腔衰弱在农村老年人健康促进行为和健康老龄化间的中介效应
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杨青建, 王艳娜, 徐思航, 宋佳怡, 张驰, 张艳, 田建丽
作者信息
  • 承德医学院护理学院,河北 承德 067000
通讯作者:
田建丽,E-mail:
作者简介:

杨青建(1983—),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:老年照护

The mediating effect of oral frailty on the relationship between health promotion behaviors and healthy aging among rural elderly individuals
Qing-jian YANG, Yan-na WANG, Si-hang XU, Jia-yi SONG, Chi ZHANG, Yan ZHANG, Jian-li TIAN
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
出版时间: 2025-01-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407096
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目的

探讨口腔衰弱在农村老年人健康促进行为和健康老龄化间的中介效应。

方法

采用多阶段抽样方法,使用一般资料问卷、健康老龄化量表、健康促进行为量表、口腔衰弱筛查量表对河北省承德市439名农村老年人进行问卷调查。

结果

承德市农村老年人健康老龄化得分为(128.64±26.17)分,健康促进行为得分为(64.01±16.18)分,口腔衰弱得分为(6.06±3.05)分。Spearman相关分析显示,三者间两两相关。中介效应检验结果表明口腔衰弱在健康促进行为与健康老龄化间起部分中介效应,中介效应占比为20.47%。

结论

农村老年人健康老龄化处于中等水平,应实施健康促进行为,采取相关措施降低口腔衰弱以实现健康老龄化。

健康老龄化  /  健康促进行为  /  口腔衰弱  /  中介效应  /  农村老年人
Objective

To explore the mediating effect of oral frailty on the relationship between health promotion behaviors and healthy aging among rural elderly individuals.

Methods

A multi-stage sampling method was employed to conduct a questionnaire survey involving 439 rural elderly participants in Chengde city, Hebei Province. The general information questionnaire, a healthy aging scale, a health promotion behavior scale, and an oral frailty screening scale were used.

Results

The scores for healthy aging among rural elderly individuals in Chengde were (128.64±26.17), (64.01±16.18) for health promotion behaviors, and (6.06±3.05) for oral frailty. Spearman correlation analysis indicated significant correlations among the three variables. Mediation effect testing revealed that oral frailty partially mediated the relationship between health promotion behaviors and healthy aging, accounting for 20.47% of the mediation effect.

Conclusion

The level of healthy aging among rural elderly individuals is moderate. It is essential to implement health promotion behaviors and adopt relevant measures to reduce oral frailty to achieve healthy aging.

Healthy aging  /  Health promotion behaviors  /  Oral frailty  /  Mediating effect  /  Rural elderly individuals
杨青建, 王艳娜, 徐思航, 宋佳怡, 张驰, 张艳, 田建丽. 口腔衰弱在农村老年人健康促进行为和健康老龄化间的中介效应. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (1) : 92 -96 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407096
Qing-jian YANG, Yan-na WANG, Si-hang XU, Jia-yi SONG, Chi ZHANG, Yan ZHANG, Jian-li TIAN. The mediating effect of oral frailty on the relationship between health promotion behaviors and healthy aging among rural elderly individuals[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (1) : 92 -96 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407096
截至2023年底,我国65周岁及以上老年人口已达2.17亿,约占全国总人口的15.4%,标志着我国已进入老龄社会,老龄化程度日益加重[1]。我国老年人长寿不健康、多病共存现象普遍存在[2]。因此,全面提高老年人健康状态显得尤为重要。而健康老龄化是应对人口老龄化的重要手段[3]。健康老龄化指发展和维护老年健康生活所需的功能发挥的过程[4]。老年人健康老龄化水平越高,越可以有效延缓生理衰老,提高生活自理能力,促进良好的社会适应[5]。健康促进行为指个体以积极的行为方式,发挥自身潜能,达到并保持最佳健康状态的表现[6]。它能提高老年人的自我健康管理能力,并促进其心理健康[7]。吴凡等[8]研究发现,老年人健康促进行为对健康老龄化具有促进作用。口腔衰弱是指口腔结构异常和/或多方面口腔功能下降,伴有身体、认知和社交功能下降[9]。相关研究证明,健康促进行为水平越低,如营养不良、缺乏体育锻炼等可能会导致口腔衰弱发生[10-11];同时,有研究指出,口腔衰弱影响老年人身心健康[12],不利于实现健康老龄化。因此,健康促进行为可能直接影响健康老龄化,也可能通过口腔衰弱对健康老龄化起间接作用。目前,通过相关数据库检索,尚未检索到健康老龄化、健康促进行为及口腔衰弱的关系。因此,本研究目的是探讨口腔衰弱在二者间的中介效应,以期为加强农村老年人健康促进行为,降低口腔衰弱,实现健康老龄化提供依据。
采用多阶段抽样,从承德市随机抽取滦平县、围场县和承德县3个县;然后每个县随机抽取1个乡镇,最后从抽取的3个乡镇中抽取6个村。把6个村符合条件的老年人作为研究对象。根据多因素估测样本量方法[13],共抽取样本量475人。纳入标准:年龄≥60周岁;了解问卷条目涵义;知情同意。排除标准:认知功能障碍者。本研究由承德医学院医学伦理委员会审批(2024017)。
性别、年龄、居住地、文化程度、婚姻状况、子女数量、家庭人均月收入等。
由吴凡等[14]汉化修订。该量表包含躯体功能正常、认知功能正常、生活充足且简单、接受年老、自我照护、拥有社会关系及支持、行善助人、社交参与和压力管理9个维度35个条目。该量表Cronbach α系数为0.944。
由李娜等[6]汉化修订。该量表包含健康饮食、健康责任、健康锻炼、健康习惯、社会参与和口腔保健6个维度22个条目。该量表Cronbach α系数是0.962。
由陈宗梅等[15]汉化修订。该量表包含咀嚼能力、吞咽功能、社会参与度、是否使用义齿、口腔健康相关行为5个维度8个条目。该量表Cronbach α系数是0.658。
调查人员向研究对象说明研究目的和意义,获其知情同意发放问卷。共发放475份,回收有效问卷439份。
采用SPSS 26.0分析数据,计数资料采用频数、构成比,计量资料采用();相关性采用Spearman相关分析;应用中介效应检验程序分析中介效应,采用bootstrap检验验证中介效应。检验水准α=0.05。
农村老年人健康促进行为、口腔衰弱、健康老龄化总分分别是(64.01±16.18)、(6.06±3.05)和(128.64±26.17)分。各维度得分见表1。
结果显示,不同人口学特征的农村老年人健康老龄化得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表2。
Spearman相关分析显示,农村老年人健康促进行为、口腔衰弱、健康老龄化两两呈相关性(P<0.001),见表3。
以表2中一般资料为控制变量,以健康老龄化为因变量,健康促进行为为自变量,口腔衰弱为中介变量,采用中介效应检验程序进行分析。方程1、方程2和方程3预测作用显著。健康促进行为的偏回归系数发生改变,说明口腔衰弱在健康促进行为对健康老龄化的影响中起部分中介效应。见表4。
通过bootstrap检验法对中介效应进行检验。结果发现,直接效应、间接效应和总效应值的95%置信区间均不包括0,说明中介效应显著,中介效应值0.237,占总效应值的20.47%。见表5。
结果显示,农村老年人健康老龄化得分为(128.64±26.17)分,处于中等水平,高于Jia等[16]的调查结果。本研究对象地处河北省,河北省经济总量、人均GDP和可支配收入均超过贵州省。同时,Jia等研究对象为独居老年人,独居老年人社交参与和社交联系相对较少,缺少家庭陪伴。而较高的经济收入和家庭陪伴利于老年人身心健康发展[17]。农村老年人健康促进行为得分为(64.01±16.18)分,处于中等水平,高于Su等[18]对黑龙江省农村老年人调查结果。原因可能是Su等研究对象社会网络减少,社会隔离发生率较高。社会网络作为一个重要的环境因素,对老年人的健康促进行为有显著的影响。个人的社会网络越大,他们与社会成员的联系越紧密,就越容易获得一些与健康有关的信息,进而规范自己的行为来促进健康。由于社会网络减少,农村老年人经常遭受社会孤立。这也可能阻碍老年人从社会网络中获得社会支持,从而影响他们促进健康的行为。农村老年人口腔衰弱高风险人数为311人,发生率为70.84%,高于屠杭佳等[19](33.8%)、王琳等[20](59.2%)的研究结果。可能是本研究对象为农村老年人,老年人缺乏口腔卫生保健知识和卫生习惯,认为口腔卫生无关紧要,因此不注重口腔卫生;同时,农村也缺少相应的口腔医疗机构和医护人员,无法对老年人口腔保健进行有效地指导和干预。再者,本研究对象患有慢性病者303人,占总研究对象的69.02%。有研究指出[21],慢性病患者口腔衰弱发生率较高。老年慢性病患者长期服用药物,导致口腔干燥,引起咀嚼、吞咽功能下降,进而影响其口腔健康。
相关研究结果显示,农村老年人健康促进行为与口腔衰弱呈负相关,健康促进行为包括健康饮食、健康习惯、体育锻炼、社会参与和口腔保健等,这些行为是老年人口腔衰弱的影响因素[10]。因此,老年人健康促进行为水平越高,口腔越健康。农村老年人口腔衰弱与健康老龄化呈负相关,即老年人口腔衰弱发生风险越高,健康老龄化水平越低。有研究指出,口腔衰弱是身体衰弱、少肌症、残疾和死亡率的重要预测因素[22],故口腔衰弱影响健康老龄化。农村老年人健康促进行为与健康老龄化呈正相关,与Li等[23]研究相一致。健康促进行为是促进健康的重要因素,个体为了保持或提高自己的健康水平,会进行自我健康促进行为[24]。实施健康促进行为有助于老年人预防或延缓疾病的发生、发展,降低因病死亡风险,增强其幸福感,促进其健康老龄化[7]。
中介效应显示,口腔衰弱在健康促进行为和健康老龄化间起部分中介效应,中介效应占比为20.47%。既往研究发现,健康促进行为与健康老龄化的重要内涵密切相关,如身体表现、认知功能和抑郁症状[18]。此外,也有研究表明,健康行为对健康认知有积极影响[25]。口腔衰弱也影响健康老龄化,有研究指出,口腔衰弱可导致老年人出现一系列危害健康的不良结果,如老年人功能性残疾、住院和跌倒等[12],故提高老年人对口腔衰弱的认识和对口腔健康评估及早期干预非常重要,可以通过口腔训练、牙科治疗、健康饮食、多学科团队合作、培养口腔卫生士等多种手段[26-27]对老年人口腔健康进行评估和干预,有助于实现健康老龄化。
综上所述,承德市农村老年人健康老龄化处于中等水平,健康促进行为、口腔衰弱与健康老龄化两两相关,口腔衰弱在健康促进行为和健康老龄化间起部分中介效应。因此,老年人应实施健康促进行为,采取相关措施降低口腔衰弱,以实现健康老龄化。本研究不足之处是本研究为横断面研究,健康促进行为、口腔衰弱与健康老龄化间的因果关系无法证实和推断;同时只选择承德这一城市进行调查,结果无法推广其他城市,未来需要在多城市进行纵向研究。
  • 河北省省属高等学校基本科研业务费研究项目-重点项目(KY202410)
  • 河北省教育厅科学研究项目资助(SZ2024137)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407096
  • 接收时间:2024-07-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-10
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河北省省属高等学校基本科研业务费研究项目-重点项目(KY202410)
河北省教育厅科学研究项目资助(SZ2024137)
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    承德医学院护理学院,河北 承德 067000

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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