Article(id=1311350661271347891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350363295417204, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601091, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1767715200000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579961363, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1787587200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579961363, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579961363, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579961363, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311350363295417204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787587200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579890321, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790584112451, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311368072267653663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350363295417204, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311368072267653664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350363295417204, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3024, endPage=3028, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350661455897268, articleId=1311350661271347891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Mediating role of health-promoting behaviors in the relationship between eHealth literacy and depressive symptoms among university freshmen, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the mediating role of health-promoting behaviors in the relationship between eHealth literacy and depressive symptoms among university freshmen,and to provide a reference for the early prevention of depressive symptoms in this adolescent group undergoing a transitional phase.

Methods

A multistage cluster random sampling method was employed to survey 2 382 first-year undergraduate students from three public full-time universities in Guiyang, Guizhou Province. The General Information Questionnaire, the eHealth Literacy Scale, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II-Revised Scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used to conduct a questionnaire survey. SPSS 27.0 was used for descriptive statistics and correlation analyses, while PROCESS 4.1 was applied for mediation effect analysis.

Results

eHealth literacy among university freshmen in Guiyang City showed a positive correlation with health-promoting behaviors and a negative correlation with depressive symptoms (r=0.480, -0.361,P<0.001), while health-promoting behaviors were negatively correlated with depressive symptoms (r=-0.416,P<0.001). The link between eHealth literacy and depressive symptoms was partly mediated by health-promoting behaviors (β=-0.145,P<0.001), explaining 53.14% of the total effect.

Conclusion

Health-promoting behaviors partially mediated the relationship between eHealth literacy and depressive symptoms among university freshmen, supplying a reference basis for implementing early prevention of depressive symptoms in this demographic.

, authors=Hong-piao MA1, Xi LI1, Jun-hua WANG1, Xiu-ling LI3, Tai-hao CHEN2, Lin-hai DAI1, Chang-yang CHEN1, Jiang-ping ZHANG1, 2, authorsList=Hong-piao MA, Xi LI, Jun-hua WANG, Xiu-ling LI, Tai-hao CHEN, Lin-hai DAI, Chang-yang CHEN, Jiang-ping ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jiang-ping ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350662013739703, articleId=1311350661271347891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=健康促进行为在电子健康素养与大学新生抑郁症状关系间的中介作用, columnId=1228016572640461823, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=健康与社会行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨健康促进行为在电子健康素养和大学新生抑郁症状关系间的中介作用,为处于转折阶段的该类青少年群体实施抑郁症状的早期预防提供参考依据。

方法

使用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,采用一般情况调查表、电子健康素养量表、健康促进行为量表和抑郁症状筛查量表对贵州省贵阳市3所公办全日制普通本科高校的2 382名大学新生进行问卷调查。SPSS 27.0用于数据的描述性和相关性分析,PROCESS 4.1用于中介效应分析。

结果

贵阳市大学新生电子健康素养分别与健康促进行为和抑郁症状呈正相关、负相关(r=0.480, -0.361,P<0.001);健康促进行为与抑郁症状呈负相关(r=-0.416,P<0.001)。健康促进行为在电子健康素养和大学新生抑郁症状间起部分中介作用(β=-0.145,P<0.001),占总效应的53.14%。

结论

健康促进行为在电子健康素养和大学新生抑郁症状关系中起部分中介作用,这为该类青少年群体实施抑郁症状的早期预防提供了参考依据。

, authors=马红飘1, 李曦1, 汪俊华1, 李秀玲3, 陈太好2, 代林海1, 陈昌阳1, 张江萍1, 2, authorsList=马红飘, 李曦, 汪俊华, 李秀玲, 陈太好, 代林海, 陈昌阳, 张江萍, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张江萍, authorNote=

马红飘(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:疾病预防与控制

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张江萍,E-mail:
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Psychology Monthly, 2023, 18(9): 72-74.(In Chinese), articleTitle=The relationship between health promotion lifestyle and depression level among college students, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350662261203640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350661271347891, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350662269592249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350661271347891, companyId=1311350662261203640, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350662277980858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350661271347891, companyId=1311350662261203640, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院、环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350662328312507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350661271347891, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350662336701116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350661271347891, companyId=1311350662328312507, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.贵阳市公共卫生救治中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350662387032765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350661271347891, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350662395421374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350661271347891, companyId=1311350662387032765, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.贵阳市云岩区疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311350664920392434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350661271347891, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of PHQ-9 scores ≥5 among different groups of college freshmen in Guiyang

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量调查人数PHQ-9≥5分
人数[n(%)]
χ2值P值
性别10.5510.001
男920515(56.0)
女1 442904(62.7)
生源地11.823<0.001
城镇807446(55.3)
农村1 555973(62.6)
专业类别1.2120.271
医学类1 017598(58.8)
非医学类1 345821(61.0)
独生子女3.8930.048
是349193(55.3)
否2 0131 226(60.9)
月生活费 (元)25.580<0.001
<6004827(56.3)
600~999405279(68.9)
1 000~1 4991 079662(61.4)
1 500~1 999595322(54.1)
≥2 000235129(54.9)
每天上网时长 (h)11.9630.008
<2263135(51.3)
2~41 085652(60.1)
5~6637388(60.9)
>6377244(64.7)
自评健康状况274.025<0.001
很好837328(39.2)
比较好845550(65.1)
一般593462 (77.9)
比较差7366(90.4)
很差1413(92.9)
父母关系78.147<0.001
关系融洽1 777977(55.0)
关系一般514391(76.1)
关系紧张7151(71.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350664991695603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350661271347891, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

贵阳市不同组别大学新生PHQ-9得分≥5分情况的比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量调查人数PHQ-9≥5分
人数[n(%)]
χ2值P值
性别10.5510.001
男920515(56.0)
女1 442904(62.7)
生源地11.823<0.001
城镇807446(55.3)
农村1 555973(62.6)
专业类别1.2120.271
医学类1 017598(58.8)
非医学类1 345821(61.0)
独生子女3.8930.048
是349193(55.3)
否2 0131 226(60.9)
月生活费 (元)25.580<0.001
<6004827(56.3)
600~999405279(68.9)
1 000~1 4991 079662(61.4)
1 500~1 999595322(54.1)
≥2 000235129(54.9)
每天上网时长 (h)11.9630.008
<2263135(51.3)
2~41 085652(60.1)
5~6637388(60.9)
>6377244(64.7)
自评健康状况274.025<0.001
很好837328(39.2)
比较好845550(65.1)
一般593462 (77.9)
比较差7366(90.4)
很差1413(92.9)
父母关系78.147<0.001
关系融洽1 777977(55.0)
关系一般514391(76.1)
关系紧张7151(71.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350665062998772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350661271347891, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation analysis of the scores among various dimensions of eHealth literacy, health-promoting behaviors, and depressive symptoms in college freshmen(rs)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目1234567891011
1应用维度1.000
2评判维度0.808a1.000
3决策维度0.760a0.820a1.000
4健康责任0.340a0.328a0.345a1.000
5压力管理0.366a0.347a0.332a0.462a1.000
6营养0.354a0.345a0.333a0.453a0.574a1.000
7体育运动0.302a0.319a0.339a0.531a0.391a0.466a1.000
8人际关系0.364a0.331a0.334a0.356a0.554a0.556a0.355a1.000
9精神成长0.411a0.389a0.388a0.384a0.531a0.553a0.425a0.701a1.000
10情感维度-0.347a-0.326a-0.327a-0.222a-0.332a-0.334a-0.277a-0.347a-0.424a1.000
11躯体维度-0.304a-0.292a-0.308a-0.231a-0.256a-0.291a-0.288a-0.278a-0.353a0.782a1.000
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大学新生电子健康素养、健康促进行为和抑郁症状各维度得分的相关性分析(rs)

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项目1234567891011
1应用维度1.000
2评判维度0.808a1.000
3决策维度0.760a0.820a1.000
4健康责任0.340a0.328a0.345a1.000
5压力管理0.366a0.347a0.332a0.462a1.000
6营养0.354a0.345a0.333a0.453a0.574a1.000
7体育运动0.302a0.319a0.339a0.531a0.391a0.466a1.000
8人际关系0.364a0.331a0.334a0.356a0.554a0.556a0.355a1.000
9精神成长0.411a0.389a0.388a0.384a0.531a0.553a0.425a0.701a1.000
10情感维度-0.347a-0.326a-0.327a-0.222a-0.332a-0.334a-0.277a-0.347a-0.424a1.000
11躯体维度-0.304a-0.292a-0.308a-0.231a-0.256a-0.291a-0.288a-0.278a-0.353a0.782a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1311350665213993718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350661271347891, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation analysis of total scores of eHealth literacy, health-promoting behaviors and depressive symptoms among college freshmen(rs)

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项目M(P25,P75)123
1电子健康素养31.00(26.00, 32.00)1.000
2健康促进行为104.00(92.00, 116.00)0.480a1.000
3抑郁症状6.00(3.00, 9.00)-0.361a-0.416a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1311350665285296887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350661271347891, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

大学新生电子健康素养、健康促进行为和抑郁症状总得分的相关性分析(rs)

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项目M(P25,P75)123
1电子健康素养31.00(26.00, 32.00)1.000
2健康促进行为104.00(92.00, 116.00)0.480a1.000
3抑郁症状6.00(3.00, 9.00)-0.361a-0.416a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1311350665344017144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350661271347891, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Regression analysis of variable relationships

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回归方程拟合指标回归系数显著性
结果变量预测变量aRR2Ftβ(95%CI)
抑郁症状电子健康素养0.3610.13023.396b-13.881b-0.271(-0.310~-0.233)
健康促进行为电子健康素养0.5200.27158.108b24.686b0.442(0.407~0.477)
抑郁症状健康促进行为0.4570.20838.599b-15.234b-0.328(-0.370~-0.286)
电子健康素养-6.044a-0.127(-0.168~-0.085)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350665411126009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350661271347891, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

变量关系的回归分析

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回归方程拟合指标回归系数显著性
结果变量预测变量aRR2Ftβ(95%CI)
抑郁症状电子健康素养0.3610.13023.396b-13.881b-0.271(-0.310~-0.233)
健康促进行为电子健康素养0.5200.27158.108b24.686b0.442(0.407~0.477)
抑郁症状健康促进行为0.4570.20838.599b-15.234b-0.328(-0.370~-0.286)
电子健康素养-6.044a-0.127(-0.168~-0.085)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350665474040570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350661271347891, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Analysis of mediating effects of health-promoting behaviors in the relationship between eHealth literacy and depressive symptoms among college freshmen

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效应效应值(95%CI)标准误效果量
(%)
直接效应-0.127(-0.168~-0.085)0.02146.86
中介效应-0.145(-0.173~-0.121)0.01353.14
总效应-0.271(-0.310~-0.233)0.020
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大学新生健康促进行为在电子健康素养与抑郁症状关系中的中介效应分析

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效应效应值(95%CI)标准误效果量
(%)
直接效应-0.127(-0.168~-0.085)0.02146.86
中介效应-0.145(-0.173~-0.121)0.01353.14
总效应-0.271(-0.310~-0.233)0.020
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健康促进行为在电子健康素养与大学新生抑郁症状关系间的中介作用
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马红飘 1 , 李曦 1 , 汪俊华 1 , 李秀玲 3 , 陈太好 2 , 代林海 1 , 陈昌阳 1 , 张江萍 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2026,53(16): 3024-3028
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现代预防医学 |健康与社会行为 2026 , 53 (16) : 3024 -3028
健康促进行为在电子健康素养与大学新生抑郁症状关系间的中介作用
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马红飘1, 李曦1, 汪俊华1, 李秀玲3, 陈太好2, 代林海1, 陈昌阳1, 张江萍1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院、环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
  • 2.贵阳市公共卫生救治中心
  • 3.贵阳市云岩区疾病预防控制中心
通讯作者:
张江萍,E-mail:
作者简介:

马红飘(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:疾病预防与控制

Mediating role of health-promoting behaviors in the relationship between eHealth literacy and depressive symptoms among university freshmen
Hong-piao MA1, Xi LI1, Jun-hua WANG1, Xiu-ling LI3, Tai-hao CHEN2, Lin-hai DAI1, Chang-yang CHEN1, Jiang-ping ZHANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China
出版时间: 2026-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601091
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目的

探讨健康促进行为在电子健康素养和大学新生抑郁症状关系间的中介作用,为处于转折阶段的该类青少年群体实施抑郁症状的早期预防提供参考依据。

方法

使用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,采用一般情况调查表、电子健康素养量表、健康促进行为量表和抑郁症状筛查量表对贵州省贵阳市3所公办全日制普通本科高校的2 382名大学新生进行问卷调查。SPSS 27.0用于数据的描述性和相关性分析,PROCESS 4.1用于中介效应分析。

结果

贵阳市大学新生电子健康素养分别与健康促进行为和抑郁症状呈正相关、负相关(r=0.480, -0.361,P<0.001);健康促进行为与抑郁症状呈负相关(r=-0.416,P<0.001)。健康促进行为在电子健康素养和大学新生抑郁症状间起部分中介作用(β=-0.145,P<0.001),占总效应的53.14%。

结论

健康促进行为在电子健康素养和大学新生抑郁症状关系中起部分中介作用,这为该类青少年群体实施抑郁症状的早期预防提供了参考依据。

大学新生  /  电子健康素养  /  健康促进行为  /  抑郁症状  /  中介作用
Objective

To investigate the mediating role of health-promoting behaviors in the relationship between eHealth literacy and depressive symptoms among university freshmen,and to provide a reference for the early prevention of depressive symptoms in this adolescent group undergoing a transitional phase.

Methods

A multistage cluster random sampling method was employed to survey 2 382 first-year undergraduate students from three public full-time universities in Guiyang, Guizhou Province. The General Information Questionnaire, the eHealth Literacy Scale, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II-Revised Scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used to conduct a questionnaire survey. SPSS 27.0 was used for descriptive statistics and correlation analyses, while PROCESS 4.1 was applied for mediation effect analysis.

Results

eHealth literacy among university freshmen in Guiyang City showed a positive correlation with health-promoting behaviors and a negative correlation with depressive symptoms (r=0.480, -0.361,P<0.001), while health-promoting behaviors were negatively correlated with depressive symptoms (r=-0.416,P<0.001). The link between eHealth literacy and depressive symptoms was partly mediated by health-promoting behaviors (β=-0.145,P<0.001), explaining 53.14% of the total effect.

Conclusion

Health-promoting behaviors partially mediated the relationship between eHealth literacy and depressive symptoms among university freshmen, supplying a reference basis for implementing early prevention of depressive symptoms in this demographic.

University freshmen  /  eHealth literacy  /  Health-promoting behaviors  /  Depressive symptoms  /  Mediating role
马红飘, 李曦, 汪俊华, 李秀玲, 陈太好, 代林海, 陈昌阳, 张江萍. 健康促进行为在电子健康素养与大学新生抑郁症状关系间的中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (16) : 3024 -3028 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601091
Hong-piao MA, Xi LI, Jun-hua WANG, Xiu-ling LI, Tai-hao CHEN, Lin-hai DAI, Chang-yang CHEN, Jiang-ping ZHANG. Mediating role of health-promoting behaviors in the relationship between eHealth literacy and depressive symptoms among university freshmen[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (16) : 3024 -3028 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601091
抑郁症状是抑郁症的亚临床表现形式,其主要临床表现为持续性心境低落、兴趣缺失等负性情感症状,但其严重程度和持续时间尚未达到临床抑郁症的诊断标准[1-2]。抑郁症是全球重要的疾病负担之一,有研究预测到2030年其将成为全世界最沉重的疾病负担[3]。近年来,青少年心理健康问题尤为突出,一项Meta分析显示全球青少年抑郁症状患病率已达34%[4]。大学新生作为正处于从中学到大学关键过渡阶段的特殊青少年群体,需适应新的人际关系、学习模式及生活环境,使得心理压力显著增加,成为抑郁高风险人群[5]。抑郁等负性情绪不仅会损害认知功能,降低学习效能,更可能增加自杀风险[6]。
随着互联网的发展,电子健康素养在健康素养的基础上应运而生。电子健康素养是指个体通过数字媒介获取、理解、评价并应用健康信息解决健康问题的综合能力[7]。对于健康促进行为,本研究参照Pender等[8]的经典界定,将其定义为个体为维持良好健康状态而自发采取的多维度积极行为。既往研究表明,电子健康素养与个体心理健康密切相关[9],同时也可促进个体采取健康行为[10];健康促进行为对心理健康具有积极作用,能降低抑郁风险[11]。基于此,本研究提出健康促进行为在电子健康素养与抑郁症状之间起中介作用的假设。目前国内关于电子健康素养与抑郁症状的研究多集中于中老年[12]、医学生[13]等群体,针对大学新生研究尚不充分,其中介路径有待实证检验,因此本研究以贵阳市公办全日制本科大学新生为研究对象,拟探讨健康促进行为在电子健康素养与抑郁症状间的中介作用,为该类青少年群体抑郁症状的早期防治提供参考依据。
本研究于2024年11月采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,共分三个阶段进行:第一阶段,从贵阳市13所公办全日制普通本科高校中随机抽取3所高校(分别抽到综合类、理工类和医药类院校);第二阶段,从这3所高校的57个院系中随机抽取12个院系(12个院系涵盖了文、理、工、医等不同学科门类);第三阶段,对抽中院系的全体大学新生进行问卷调查。本次调查在所有参与者的知情同意下进行并通过贵州医科大学伦理委员会审批(伦理批号:2024234)。
本次研究采用匿名在线问卷调查方法发放问卷,并现场监督调查,通过IP地址限制(单IP限答1次),采用以下研究工具开展问卷调查。
采用自编问卷采集研究对象性别、年龄、生源地、专业类别、是否独生、月生活费、每天上网时长、自评健康状况等基本信息。
采用Kroenke等人[14]编制的抑郁症状筛查量表,调查过去两周内贵阳市本科大学新生抑郁症状现况,PHQ-9在青少年中具有较好的可靠性和一致性,在中国大学生群体中应用的有效性已经得到证实[15]。该量表含9个条目,分情感与躯体2方面,采用“完全没有~几乎每天”的0~3分4级评分,总分0~27分。根据PHQ-9的经典评分标准[14],0~4分为无抑郁症状,5~9分为轻度情绪波动,10分及以上为中度及以上抑郁症状。胡星辰等[16]在青少年中的研究表明,PHQ-9评估抑郁情绪的最佳临界值为10分。因此,本研究参照经典评分标准,将≥5分初步定为检出抑郁情绪;并参考既有临床及流行病学调查文献,将≥10分定为具有预警意义的抑郁症状用于后续分析讨论。本研究量表信度良好(Cronbach α=0.891)。
采用Norman等[17]开发、郭帅军等[18]汉化的中文版电子健康素养量表,用于评估个体电子健康信息的获取、理解及应用能力。量表共8个条目,包含网络健康信息与服务的应用、评判和决策能力3个维度,并采用“非常不符合~非常符合”Likert 5点计分法,总分8~40分,分值越高说明电子健康素养越高[19]。量表在本研究中的Cronbach α系数为0.959。
采用曹文君等[20]修订的中文版健康促进生活方式量表-Ⅱ修订版测量大学新生的健康促进行为,该量表共40个条目,包含健康责任(1~11)、压力管理(12~16)、营养(17~22)、体育运动(23~30)、人际关系(31~35)和精神成长(36~40)6个维度,采用“从不~总是”计1~ 4分,总分40~160分,分值越高代表生活方式越理想[21]。本研究量表的Cronbach α系数为0.951。
将电子问卷导入Excel 2016进行数据核查整理,运用SPSS 27.0进行数据分析。共同方法偏差检验采用Harman单因素检验法[22];计数资料以率和构成比描述,采用χ2检验进行组间比较;计量资料中,符合正态分布的采用()描述,不符合正态分布的采用中位数和四分位数间距M(P25,P75)描述。经正态性检验,本文各研究变量呈偏态分布,故描述性统计采用中位数(四分位数),相关性分析采用Spearman相关。将研究变量经过标准化处理和控制协变量后采用PROCESS 4.1程序(模型4)进行中介效应分析,采用Bootstrap法重复抽样5 000次检验中介效应,若95%置信区间不含0则判定显著。基于文献回顾[23]和预研究结果,选择性别、年龄、生源地、专业类别、是否独生、月生活费、每天上网时长和父母关系8个变量作为协变量,以控制这些因素对结果的潜在影响。检验水准α=0.05。
课题实施前,积极协调调查学校,获取校方支持;组织调查员规范化培训,明确目标与流程。正式调查前,随机抽取2个班级的110名大学新生进行预调查。根据预调查中发现的问卷指导语表述不清的问题,对相关提示信息进行了优化,使其更加清晰明确,以确保被调查者能够准确理解题意。正式调查采用班级集体施测方式,以匿名电子问卷开展。施测前详细说明目的、要求与保密承诺,由质控人员全程监督指导,及时答疑,保障问卷提交质量。调查后由调查员逐一审核回收的问卷,剔除无效问卷并核查逻辑错误数据。
Harman单因素检验法显示,本研究共有9个特征值大于1的因子,首因子解释了30.07% 的变异量(<40%),显示数据没有严重共同方法偏差问题。
本研究共发放问卷2 382份,回收有效问卷2 362份,有效回收率为99.16%。剔除无效问卷标准包括:答题时间<2分钟(基于预调查中完成问卷所需最短时间);规律性作答(如连续10题及以上选择同一选项);存在逻辑矛盾。因电子问卷设置为所有题目必填方可提交,无漏答题情况。调查对象中,男生920人(39.00%),女生1 442人(61.00%),平均年龄 (18.53±0.79)岁。贵阳市大学新生PHQ-9得分≥5分者占60.08%,其中存在轻度情绪波动(5~9分)者占48.50%,存在中度及以上具有预警价值的抑郁症状(≥10分)者占11.60%。单因素分析显示,除专业类别外,大学新生在不同性别、生源地、月生活费、每天上网时长等因素分组中,PHQ-9得分≥5分的比例差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),见表1。
相关性分析如表2所示,各变量维度间均呈两两相关,总分相关分析显示电子健康素养与健康促进行为呈正相关(r=0.480,P<0.001),二者均与抑郁症状呈负相关(r=-0.361, -0.416,P<0.001)。见表3。
对最终纳入中介模型的变量电子健康素养、健康促进行为及抑郁症状进行多重共线性检验,结果显示所有研究变量的方差膨胀因子VIF(1.017~1.422)均小于5,容忍度(0.703~0.984)均大于0.1,说明变量不存在严重多重共线性问题。由于自评健康状况与抑郁症状存在严重共线性(单因素分析卡方值较大),若纳入回归会吸收自变量的解释变异,故后续回归不予纳入。所有变量经标准化处理后,最终纳入性别、年龄、生源地、专业类别、是否独生、月生活费、每天上网时长和父母关系8个变量作为控制变量,通过PROCESS 4.1检验中介作用,见表4。结果表明:电子健康素养与抑郁症状呈负向关联(β=-0.271,P<0.001);当加入中介变量健康促进行为后,电子健康素养与抑郁症状的负关联仍具有统计学意义(β=-0.127,P<0.001),同时健康促进行为与抑郁症状呈负向关联 (β= -0.328,P<0.001)。
Bootstrap法的检验结果显示:电子健康素养对大学新生抑郁症状的总效应以及健康促进行为中介效应的Bootstrap 95%CI均不包含0,表明健康促进行为在电子健康素养和大学新生抑郁症状间存在中介效应而且所建立的中介模型有统计学意义。大学新生健康促进行为在电子健康素养和抑郁症状间发挥部分中介作用(β=-0.145,P<0.001,95%CI=-0.173~-0.121),占总效应的53.14%。见表5。
在本调查中,贵阳市大学新生PHQ-9得分≥5分者占60.08%,其中轻度情绪波动(5~9分)者占48.50%,具有预警意义的抑郁症状(≥10分)者占11.60%。本研究中≥5分的检出率(60.08%)与李信心等(58.21%)[24]采用相同界值对大学新生的调查结果高度接近;具有预警意义的抑郁症状检出率(11.60%)高于杨伟伟等(6.50%)[25]采用相同界值对医学院校大学新生的调查结果。检出率的差异可能与调查地区经济发展水平、样本构成、抑郁症状的界定标准及调查时间等因素不同有关。大学新生处于从青春期向成年早期的关键过渡阶段,个体心智尚未完全成熟,独立人格仍在形成,对外界环境的适应与心理调节能力相对较弱。面对校园变化、学业压力、人际调整等多重挑战时,其心理防御机制易受影响,从而引发抑郁等情绪问题[5]。因此,重视其心理健康并及时干预十分必要。
本研究显示,电子健康素养与健康促进行为均与抑郁症状呈负相关,提示提升二者水平可能与降低抑郁症状风险相关。研究进一步验证,健康促进行为在电子健康素养与抑郁症状间起部分中介作用。这提示,电子健康素养水平较高的个体可能更倾向于采取健康的生活方式,而这一行为模式与较低的抑郁症状水平相关[26]。对电子健康素养影响个体抑郁症状的可能机制进行探讨:电子健康素养作为个体获取、理解及利用数字健康信息的关键能力,其水平不足可能通过多重路径加剧抑郁症状的发生与发展[17]。依据健康素养的层次模型(Health Literacy Hierarchy Model, HLHM),个体的健康素养水平影响其对健康信息的处理能力。在数字健康环境下,电子健康素养的不足可能阻碍个体对慢性压力或躯体症状的准确理解,促使其倾向于采用消极应对方式[27]。在数字健康服务普及下,信息的碎片化和矛盾性可能增加低健康素养个体的理解和判断信息的难度,进而可能加剧其健康决策焦虑[28]。健康促进行为作为积极的健康管理策略,不仅能够提升个体生理健康水平,同时也能通过改善生活方式显著促进心理健康,降低抑郁症状发生的风险[29]。建议高校健康教育可尝试将电子健康素养培育纳入常规内容,并与健康促进行为相结合,通过提升学生健康信息获取、甄别与应用能力,引导其建立健康生活方式,这为大学新生抑郁症状的早期预防提供了新的干预视角。
综上所述,本研究验证了健康促进行为在大学新生电子健康素养与抑郁症状间起部分中介作用。这一发现不仅拓展了电子健康素养在该类青少年群体心理健康领域的应用视角,也为制定针对性的健康促进干预策略提供了实证依据。然而,本研究为横断面设计,存在一定局限性,主要为因果关系推断有限,中介路径需前瞻性研究进一步验证;样本局限于贵阳市3所公办本科大学新生,未来可扩展至民办、专科等高校增加样本代表性,并采用纵向设计进一步明确变量间的因果关联。

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2026年第53卷第16期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601091
  • 接收时间:2026-01-07
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-07
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    1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院、环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
    2.贵阳市公共卫生救治中心
    3.贵阳市云岩区疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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