Article(id=1311350652966625890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350363295417204, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202604186, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1776009600000, receivedDateStr=2026-04-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579959384, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1787587200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579959384, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579959384, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579959384, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311350363295417204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787587200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579890321, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790584112451, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311368072267653663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350363295417204, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311368072267653664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350363295417204, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2929, endPage=2933, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350653167952483, articleId=1311350652966625890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Eye abnormalities and associated factors among welders in Jiangsu, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the detection status and associated factors of ocular abnormalities among on-the-job welders from Jiangsu Province in 2024, so as to provide scientific evidence for ocular health protection and surveillance among welders.

Methods

Based on the Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Factors Information Monitoring System, occupational health examination data of 76 111 on-the-job welders from Jiangsu Province in 2024 were collected for a cross-sectional study. Pearson’s χ2 test was used to compare the detection rates of ocular abnormalities among welders with different occupational characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze factors associated with conjunctival, corneal, lens, and fundus abnormalities, and trend analysis was performed for length of service.

Results

The detection rates of conjunctival, corneal, lens, and fundus abnormalities were 0.88%, 1.08%, 1.47%, and 1.09%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with welders with ≤5 years of service, >20 years of service was an independent risk factor for conjunctival abnormalities (OR=1.82, 95%CI: 1.29-2.61), corneal abnormalities (OR=4.20, 95%CI: 3.01-5.91), lens abnormalities (OR=2.63, 95%CI: 2.03-3.42), and fundus abnormalities (OR=2.36, 95%CI: 1.82-3.06), all P<0.001. Trend analysis showed that with increasing length-of-service category, the risks of conjunctival, corneal, lens, and fundus abnormalities increased by 16%, 46%, 26%, and 23% respectively, all P<0.001.

Conclusion

The overall detection rates of ocular abnormalities among on-the-job welders from Jiangsu Province in 2024 were relatively low. Longer length of service was an independent risk factor for conjunctival, corneal, lens, and fundus abnormalities. Welders with long service duration should be considered a key population for occupational ocular health surveillance, health education, and protective intervention.

, authors=Ruo-yu ZHANG1, Dan CHEN1, Qi-meng TANG1, Jie WANG2, Shou-lin WANG1, Yue GAO2, authorsList=Ruo-yu ZHANG, Dan CHEN, Qi-meng TANG, Jie WANG, Shou-lin WANG, Yue GAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shou-lin WANG, Yue GAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350653654491750, articleId=1311350652966625890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=江苏省电焊工眼部异常检出情况及影响因素分析, columnId=1228016571273113811, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=环境与职业卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析2024年江苏省在岗电焊工眼部异常检出现状及影响因素,为电焊工眼部健康防护与监护提供科学依据。

方法

依托职业病与健康危害因素信息监测系统,收集2024年江苏省76 111名在岗电焊工职业健康体检数据,开展横断面研究。采用Pearson χ2检验比较不同职业特征电焊工眼部异常检出率差异,通过多因素logistic回归分析结膜、角膜、晶状体及眼底异常的影响因素,并进行工龄趋势分析。

结果

研究人群结膜、角膜、晶状体和眼底异常检出率分别为0.88%、1.08%、1.47%和1.09%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,以工龄≤5年电焊工为参照,工龄>20年是结膜、角膜、晶状体和眼底异常的独立危险因素:结膜异常(OR=1.82,95%CI:1.29~2.61)、角膜异常(OR=4.20,95%CI:3.01~5.91)、晶状体异常(OR=2.63,95%CI:2.03~3.42)、眼底异常(OR=2.36,95%CI:1.82~3.06),均P<0.001。趋势分析显示,随着工龄等级递增,电焊工结膜、角膜、晶状体、眼底异常检出风险分别升高16%、46%、26%、23%(P<0.001)。

结论

江苏省2024年在岗电焊工眼部各类异常总体检出率偏低,工龄延长是电焊工结膜、角膜、晶状体及眼底异常的独立危险因素,应将长工龄电焊工列为职业眼部健康监护、健康教育和防护干预的重点人群。

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张若瑜(2004—),女,本科在读,研究方向:预防医学

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王守林和高玥为共同通信作者
王守林,E-mail:
高玥,E-mail:
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journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350652966625890, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=职业健康)], refs=[Reference(id=1311350658041733790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350652966625890, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, journalName=Welding, molybdenum trioxide, and indium tin oxide, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. 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Annals of Epidemiology, 2024, 94(1): 33-41., articleTitle=Adjustment for duration of employment in occupational epidemiology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350660843528882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350652966625890, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=53, issue=5, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Lee WJ, Jeong J, Bang YJ, journalName=Int J Epidemiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lee WJ, Jeong J, Bang YJ, et al. Healthy worker hire and survivor effects in a cohort of medical radiation workers[J]. Int J Epidemiol, 2024, 53(5): dyae130., articleTitle=Healthy worker hire and survivor effects in a cohort of medical radiation workers, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1311350657878155932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350652966625890, awardId=ZDXK202249, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省医学重点学科(ZDXK202249), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1311350657936876189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350652966625890, awardId=20250106, language=CN, fundingSource=职业健康标准前期研究项目(20250106), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350653847429735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350652966625890, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350653851624040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350652966625890, companyId=1311350653847429735, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350653860012649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350652966625890, companyId=1311350653847429735, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南京医科大学公共卫生学院,江苏 南京 211166)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350653922927210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350652966625890, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350653931315819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350652966625890, companyId=1311350653922927210, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.江苏省疾病预防控制中心职业病防治所)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311350657332896404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350652966625890, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information on welders in Jiangsu province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数(n)构成比(%)
性别
男69 16590.87
女6 9469.13
年龄(岁)
≤3010 96614.41
31~4032 05442.11
41~5022 27029.26
>5010 82114.22
BMI(kg/m2)
低体重1 8742.46
正常30 56040.15
超重33 99044.66
肥胖9 68712.73
工龄(年)
≤523 59731.00
6~1016 16421.24
11~1513 49917.74
16~2011 13814.63
>2011 71315.39
吸烟史
从不吸40 74553.53
每天吸30 06839.51
偶尔吸4 2585.59
已戒烟1 0401.37
饮酒史
不饮酒56 26573.92
偶尔饮16 07921.13
经常饮3 7674.95
用人单位规模
微型7 4109.74
小型39 90952.44
中型17 50022.99
大型11 29214.84
眼部防护措施
有43 04456.55
无33 06743.45
), ArticleFig(id=1311350657391616661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350652966625890, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

江苏省电焊工基本情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数(n)构成比(%)
性别
男69 16590.87
女6 9469.13
年龄(岁)
≤3010 96614.41
31~4032 05442.11
41~5022 27029.26
>5010 82114.22
BMI(kg/m2)
低体重1 8742.46
正常30 56040.15
超重33 99044.66
肥胖9 68712.73
工龄(年)
≤523 59731.00
6~1016 16421.24
11~1513 49917.74
16~2011 13814.63
>2011 71315.39
吸烟史
从不吸40 74553.53
每天吸30 06839.51
偶尔吸4 2585.59
已戒烟1 0401.37
饮酒史
不饮酒56 26573.92
偶尔饮16 07921.13
经常饮3 7674.95
用人单位规模
微型7 4109.74
小型39 90952.44
中型17 50022.99
大型11 29214.84
眼部防护措施
有43 04456.55
无33 06743.45
), ArticleFig(id=1311350657458725526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350652966625890, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of ocular abnormality detection rates among welders with different core characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类结膜异常
n/N(%)
角膜异常
n/N(%)
晶状体异常
n/N(%)
眼底异常
n/N(%)
性别男340/37 347(0.91)536/45 928(1.17)806/52 774(1.53)684/63 456(1.08)
女20/3 654(0.55)11/4 675(0.24)41/4 821(0.85)76/6 247(1.22)
χ2值5.0434.4513.971.01
P值<0.05<0.001<0.0010.31
工龄(年)≤558/12 615(0.46)77/15 909(0.48)151/18 303(0.83)236/21 325(1.11)
6~1053/8 767(0.60)73/11 241(0.65)163/11 908(1.37)131/14 609(0.90)
11~1565/7 365(0.88)125/8 839(1.41)197/10 266(1.92)112/12 603(0.89)
16~2066/6 053(1.09)127/7 220(1.76)145/8 506(1.70)106/10 395(1.02)
>20118/6 201(1.90)145/7 394(1.96)191/8 612(2.22)175/10 771(1.62)
χ2值110.87166.38104.1438.89
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
用人单位规模微型42/4 276(0.98)44/5 232(0.84)53/5 396(0.98)68/7 041(0.97)
小型182/20 566(0.88)194/27 014(0.72)279/29 655(0.94)241/36 157(0.67)
中型70/8 901(0.79)127/10 146(1.25)219/12 897(1.70)289/16 272(1.78)
大型66/7 258(0.91)182/8 211(2.22)296/9 647(3.07)162/10 233(1.58)
χ2值1.49137.86240.88155.22
P值0.69<0.001<0.001<0.001
眼部防护措施无127/17 679(0.72)214/22 141(0.97)300/24 582(1.22)489/29 677(1.65)
有233/23 322(1.00)333/28 462(1.17)547/33 013(1.66)271/40 026(0.68)
χ2值9.104.8218.53148.89
P值<0.05<0.05<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350657534222999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350652966625890, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同核心特征电焊工眼部异常检出率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类结膜异常
n/N(%)
角膜异常
n/N(%)
晶状体异常
n/N(%)
眼底异常
n/N(%)
性别男340/37 347(0.91)536/45 928(1.17)806/52 774(1.53)684/63 456(1.08)
女20/3 654(0.55)11/4 675(0.24)41/4 821(0.85)76/6 247(1.22)
χ2值5.0434.4513.971.01
P值<0.05<0.001<0.0010.31
工龄(年)≤558/12 615(0.46)77/15 909(0.48)151/18 303(0.83)236/21 325(1.11)
6~1053/8 767(0.60)73/11 241(0.65)163/11 908(1.37)131/14 609(0.90)
11~1565/7 365(0.88)125/8 839(1.41)197/10 266(1.92)112/12 603(0.89)
16~2066/6 053(1.09)127/7 220(1.76)145/8 506(1.70)106/10 395(1.02)
>20118/6 201(1.90)145/7 394(1.96)191/8 612(2.22)175/10 771(1.62)
χ2值110.87166.38104.1438.89
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
用人单位规模微型42/4 276(0.98)44/5 232(0.84)53/5 396(0.98)68/7 041(0.97)
小型182/20 566(0.88)194/27 014(0.72)279/29 655(0.94)241/36 157(0.67)
中型70/8 901(0.79)127/10 146(1.25)219/12 897(1.70)289/16 272(1.78)
大型66/7 258(0.91)182/8 211(2.22)296/9 647(3.07)162/10 233(1.58)
χ2值1.49137.86240.88155.22
P值0.69<0.001<0.001<0.001
眼部防护措施无127/17 679(0.72)214/22 141(0.97)300/24 582(1.22)489/29 677(1.65)
有233/23 322(1.00)333/28 462(1.17)547/33 013(1.66)271/40 026(0.68)
χ2值9.104.8218.53148.89
P值<0.05<0.05<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350657601331864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350652966625890, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of core factors associated with ocular abnormalities

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变量分类结膜异常OR值
(95%CI)
角膜异常OR值
(95%CI)
晶状体异常OR值
(95%CI)
眼底异常OR值
(95%CI)
性别(ref:女)男1.67(1.07~2.76)3.69(2.11~7.22)1.42(1.04~2.00)0.80(0.62~1.04)
工龄(年)(ref:≤5)6~101.22(0.83~1.78)1.39(1.00~1.94)1.85(1.47~2.32)1.00(0.80~1.24)
11~151.66(1.15~2.41)2.89(2.12~3.96)2.88(2.29~3.64)1.23(0.96~1.58)
16~201.63(1.13~2.37)3.72(2.71~5.14)2.55(1.97~3.29)1.59(1.22~2.07)
>201.82(1.29~2.61)4.20(3.01~5.91)2.63(2.03~3.42)2.36(1.82~3.06)
用人单位规模(ref:微型)小型0.93(0.67~1.33)0.85(0.62~1.20)0.99(0.74~1.35)0.68(0.52~0.90)
中型0.97(0.66~1.44)1.55(1.10~2.21)1.90(1.41~2.60)1.81(1.39~2.38)
大型1.43(0.97~2.15)2.74(1.97~3.88)3.63(2.71~4.94)1.51(1.13~2.03)
眼部防护措施(ref:无)有1.49(1.20~1.86)1.20(1.00~1.42)1.44(1.25~1.67)0.39(0.34~0.46)
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核心因素与眼部异常关系的多因素logistic 回归分析

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变量分类结膜异常OR值
(95%CI)
角膜异常OR值
(95%CI)
晶状体异常OR值
(95%CI)
眼底异常OR值
(95%CI)
性别(ref:女)男1.67(1.07~2.76)3.69(2.11~7.22)1.42(1.04~2.00)0.80(0.62~1.04)
工龄(年)(ref:≤5)6~101.22(0.83~1.78)1.39(1.00~1.94)1.85(1.47~2.32)1.00(0.80~1.24)
11~151.66(1.15~2.41)2.89(2.12~3.96)2.88(2.29~3.64)1.23(0.96~1.58)
16~201.63(1.13~2.37)3.72(2.71~5.14)2.55(1.97~3.29)1.59(1.22~2.07)
>201.82(1.29~2.61)4.20(3.01~5.91)2.63(2.03~3.42)2.36(1.82~3.06)
用人单位规模(ref:微型)小型0.93(0.67~1.33)0.85(0.62~1.20)0.99(0.74~1.35)0.68(0.52~0.90)
中型0.97(0.66~1.44)1.55(1.10~2.21)1.90(1.41~2.60)1.81(1.39~2.38)
大型1.43(0.97~2.15)2.74(1.97~3.88)3.63(2.71~4.94)1.51(1.13~2.03)
眼部防护措施(ref:无)有1.49(1.20~1.86)1.20(1.00~1.42)1.44(1.25~1.67)0.39(0.34~0.46)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350657722966682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350652966625890, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Trend analysis of length of service and eye abnormalities

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部位Z统计量趋势P值校正OR(95%CI)校正P值
结膜9.96<0.0011.16(1.07~1.25)<0.001
角膜12.59<0.0011.46(1.35~1.57)<0.001
晶状体9.56<0.0011.26(1.19~1.33)<0.001
眼底3.270.0011.23(1.16~1.31)<0.001
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工龄与眼部异常的趋势分析

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部位Z统计量趋势P值校正OR(95%CI)校正P值
结膜9.96<0.0011.16(1.07~1.25)<0.001
角膜12.59<0.0011.46(1.35~1.57)<0.001
晶状体9.56<0.0011.26(1.19~1.33)<0.001
眼底3.270.0011.23(1.16~1.31)<0.001
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江苏省电焊工眼部异常检出情况及影响因素分析
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张若瑜 1 , 陈丹 1 , 唐启蒙 1 , 王杰 2 , 王守林 1 , 高玥 2
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2026,53(16): 2929-2933
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现代预防医学 |环境与职业卫生 2026 , 53 (16) : 2929 -2933
江苏省电焊工眼部异常检出情况及影响因素分析
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张若瑜(2004—),女,本科在读,研究方向:预防医学

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张若瑜1, 陈丹1, 唐启蒙1, 王杰2, 王守林1 , 高玥2
作者信息
  • 1.南京医科大学公共卫生学院,江苏 南京 211166
  • 2.江苏省疾病预防控制中心职业病防治所
通讯作者:
王守林和高玥为共同通信作者
王守林,E-mail:
高玥,E-mail:
作者简介:

张若瑜(2004—),女,本科在读,研究方向:预防医学

Eye abnormalities and associated factors among welders in Jiangsu
Ruo-yu ZHANG1, Dan CHEN1, Qi-meng TANG1, Jie WANG2, Shou-lin WANG1 , Yue GAO2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
出版时间: 2026-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202604186
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目的

分析2024年江苏省在岗电焊工眼部异常检出现状及影响因素,为电焊工眼部健康防护与监护提供科学依据。

方法

依托职业病与健康危害因素信息监测系统,收集2024年江苏省76 111名在岗电焊工职业健康体检数据,开展横断面研究。采用Pearson χ2检验比较不同职业特征电焊工眼部异常检出率差异,通过多因素logistic回归分析结膜、角膜、晶状体及眼底异常的影响因素,并进行工龄趋势分析。

结果

研究人群结膜、角膜、晶状体和眼底异常检出率分别为0.88%、1.08%、1.47%和1.09%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,以工龄≤5年电焊工为参照,工龄>20年是结膜、角膜、晶状体和眼底异常的独立危险因素:结膜异常(OR=1.82,95%CI:1.29~2.61)、角膜异常(OR=4.20,95%CI:3.01~5.91)、晶状体异常(OR=2.63,95%CI:2.03~3.42)、眼底异常(OR=2.36,95%CI:1.82~3.06),均P<0.001。趋势分析显示,随着工龄等级递增,电焊工结膜、角膜、晶状体、眼底异常检出风险分别升高16%、46%、26%、23%(P<0.001)。

结论

江苏省2024年在岗电焊工眼部各类异常总体检出率偏低,工龄延长是电焊工结膜、角膜、晶状体及眼底异常的独立危险因素,应将长工龄电焊工列为职业眼部健康监护、健康教育和防护干预的重点人群。

电焊工  /  眼部异常  /  职业暴露  /  职业健康
Objective

To analyze the detection status and associated factors of ocular abnormalities among on-the-job welders from Jiangsu Province in 2024, so as to provide scientific evidence for ocular health protection and surveillance among welders.

Methods

Based on the Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Factors Information Monitoring System, occupational health examination data of 76 111 on-the-job welders from Jiangsu Province in 2024 were collected for a cross-sectional study. Pearson’s χ2 test was used to compare the detection rates of ocular abnormalities among welders with different occupational characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze factors associated with conjunctival, corneal, lens, and fundus abnormalities, and trend analysis was performed for length of service.

Results

The detection rates of conjunctival, corneal, lens, and fundus abnormalities were 0.88%, 1.08%, 1.47%, and 1.09%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with welders with ≤5 years of service, >20 years of service was an independent risk factor for conjunctival abnormalities (OR=1.82, 95%CI: 1.29-2.61), corneal abnormalities (OR=4.20, 95%CI: 3.01-5.91), lens abnormalities (OR=2.63, 95%CI: 2.03-3.42), and fundus abnormalities (OR=2.36, 95%CI: 1.82-3.06), all P<0.001. Trend analysis showed that with increasing length-of-service category, the risks of conjunctival, corneal, lens, and fundus abnormalities increased by 16%, 46%, 26%, and 23% respectively, all P<0.001.

Conclusion

The overall detection rates of ocular abnormalities among on-the-job welders from Jiangsu Province in 2024 were relatively low. Longer length of service was an independent risk factor for conjunctival, corneal, lens, and fundus abnormalities. Welders with long service duration should be considered a key population for occupational ocular health surveillance, health education, and protective intervention.

Welder  /  Ocular abnormality  /  Occupational exposure  /  Occupational health
张若瑜, 陈丹, 唐启蒙, 王杰, 王守林, 高玥. 江苏省电焊工眼部异常检出情况及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (16) : 2929 -2933 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202604186
Ruo-yu ZHANG, Dan CHEN, Qi-meng TANG, Jie WANG, Shou-lin WANG, Yue GAO. Eye abnormalities and associated factors among welders in Jiangsu[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (16) : 2929 -2933 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202604186
随着现代工业化进程的不断推进,焊接工艺已广泛应用于机械制造、船舶、建筑及汽车等领域。焊接过程中产生的强光辐射、金属烟尘、高温等职业病危害因素,对作业人员的职业健康构成显著威胁[1-3]。流行病学证据表明,焊接相关的眼部损伤是职业性眼病的重要组成部分,可引发急性电光性眼炎、角膜与结膜异物伤、热烧伤,以及长期累积暴露导致的翼状胬肉、职业性白内障等眼部疾患[3-5]。与普通人群相比,长期从事焊接作业的人员多部位眼部异常患病率显著增高[6]。目前针对电焊工职业健康的研究多集中于焊接烟尘暴露、呼吸系统损害及职业病危害因素检测,而关于眼部异常检出情况的研究相对较少,且既往调查多局限于局部损伤,聚焦于单一眼部损伤[7-9]。本研究基于江苏省职业病与健康危害因素信息监测系统中2024年电焊工职业健康体检资料,描述江苏省电焊工的眼部异常检出情况,分析结膜、角膜、晶状体及眼底异常的影响因素,并进一步探讨工龄与眼部异常风险之间的趋势关系,为电焊工眼部健康监护及职业防护策略制定提供依据。
本研究为基于职业健康体检资料的横断面研究。于2025年从职业病与健康危害因素信息监测系统提取2024年江苏省在岗电焊工职业健康体检资料88 652份,剔除性别、年龄、工龄以及全部眼部检查结果等关键信息缺失者,并剔除存在逻辑错误的数据后,最终纳入76 111名研究对象。收集其年龄、性别、工龄、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、吸烟史、饮酒史、用人单位规模、眼部防护措施等信息。因职业健康体检项目完成情况及系统录入完整性存在差异,结膜、角膜、晶状体及眼底等检查项目存在不同程度缺失,各结局指标的实际分析样本量以相应项目的非缺失记录为准。本研究已通过江苏省疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会审查,伦理审批号为JSJK2024-B013-01;调查对象均知情同意。
本研究职业健康体检项目设置及眼科检查结论判定参照GBZ 188-2014《职业健康监护技术规范》[10]执行。由于监测系统未记录具体眼病诊断,结膜、角膜、晶状体及眼底检查结果仅按“正常/异常”二分类处理,不能直接等同于特异性职业眼病。BMI的定义:BMI<18.5 kg/m2为低体重,18.5≤BMI<24.0 kg/m2为正常,24.0≤BMI<28.0 kg/m2为超重,BMI≥28.0 kg/m2为肥胖。吸烟分为从不吸、每天吸、偶尔吸、已戒烟。饮酒分为不饮酒、偶尔饮、经常饮。企业规模划分为微型、小型、中型、大型。眼部防护措施分为有、无眼部防护措施。
体检数据由各职业健康检查机构录入与审核;数据提取后,由两名具备流行病学背景的研究人员独立进行逻辑核查与清洗,剔除极端值与不合理逻辑关联数据,以确保数据库的可靠性。
采用R 4.5.1软件进行数据管理和统计分析。正态分布的计量资料采用均数±标准差()描述,偏态分布的计量资料以中位数和四分位数[M(P25,P75)]表示;分类资料采用例数与构成比(n,%)表示。采用Pearson χ2检验分析不同特征人群眼部异常检出率差异。为评价眼科检查项目缺失可能导致的选择偏倚,比较各项目完成组与缺失组的基线特征差异,并采用逆概率加权法(inverse probability weighting,IPW)评价结果稳健性。采用方差膨胀因子(variance inflation factor,VIF)评估各自变量间的多重共线性,以 VIF < 5 作为不存在明显共线性的判断标准。以结膜、角膜、晶状体及眼底检查结果为因变量,采用多因素logistic回归分析其相关因素。将工龄作为连续变量纳入多因素logistic 回归模型,以检验其剂量-反应趋势。所有检验均为双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共纳入76 111名焊工的职业健康体检数据。研究对象以男性为主(69 165人,90.87%),平均年龄39.60 ± 9.14岁,平均工龄11.65 ± 8.79年,平均身高170.59 ± 6.58 cm,平均体重71.25±11.14 kg。31~40岁组人数最多,占42.11%;超重和肥胖者分别占44.66%和12.73%。见表1。
各类眼部异常检出率总体较低,其中晶状体异常检出率相对较高,结膜异常检出率为0.88%,角膜异常检出率为1.08%,晶状体异常检出率为1.47%,眼底异常检出率为1.09%。各眼部结局的实际分析样本量不同,由高到低依次为眼底69 703人、晶状体57 595人、角膜50 603人和结膜41 001人,后续各眼部异常的单因素及多因素分析均基于完成相应检查项目的非缺失样本进行。完成组与未完成组部分基线特征差异有统计学意义,提示检查项目缺失可能并非完全随机。
单因素分析显示,性别、年龄分组、工龄分组、吸烟史、饮酒史、用人单位规模、眼部防护措施与至少一项眼部异常检出率差异有关(P<0.05),BMI分组与眼部检查结果的关联无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表2。工龄分组与结膜、角膜、晶状体及眼底异常检出率差异均有统计学意义,且结膜、角膜和晶状体异常检出率随工龄增加总体呈升高趋势。
多因素logistic回归分析显示,工龄延长是结膜、角膜、晶状体及眼底异常的危险因素。与工龄≤5年者相比,工龄>20年者各类眼部异常检出风险均升高。其中以角膜异常的风险升高最为明显(OR=4.20,95%CI:3.01~5.91),晶状体(OR=2.63,95%CI:2.03~3.42)、眼底(OR=2.36,95%CI:1.82~3.06)及结膜(OR=1.82,95%CI:1.29~2.61)。用人单位规模方面,以微型企业为参照,中型和大型企业是角膜异常、晶状体异常和眼底异常的危险因素,小型企业是眼底异常的保护因素。眼部防护措施方面,以无眼部防护措施为参照,有眼部防护措施是结膜异常、角膜异常和晶状体异常的危险因素,同时是眼底异常的保护因素。其他相关因素见表3。IPW敏感性分析显示,工龄>20年者各眼部异常风险升高的方向与主分析一致,提示缺失数据对核心结论影响有限。
趋势分析显示,随着工龄延长,结膜、角膜和晶状体异常检出率总体呈升高趋势。校正性别、年龄、吸烟史、饮酒史、用人单位规模及眼部防护措施后,工龄每升高1个等级,结膜、角膜、晶状体及眼底异常检出风险分别增加16%、46%、26%和23%,提示工龄与各类眼部异常检出风险均呈正向关联,见表4。
本研究基于江苏省职业健康监测数据,分析了电焊工结膜、角膜、晶状体及眼底异常的检出情况及其影响因素。结果显示,在完成相应检查者中,各类眼部异常检出率总体较低,不同部位之间存在差异,其中晶状体异常检出率相对较高。多因素分析表明,工龄与各类眼部异常均呈稳定的正向关联,且趋势分析结果一致,提示长期焊接作业累积暴露可能是影响电焊工眼部健康的重要因素。
焊接作业可产生紫外线、蓝光、热辐射、金属烟尘及飞溅物等职业危害,不同暴露方式导致的损伤特点不同[3,11-12]。短时间高强度暴露主要累及眼表组织,可引起眼表损伤、角膜混浊、结膜充血及异物相关眼外伤[12]。长期暴露则更易导致晶状体混浊等慢性累积性改变[13]。本研究中,结膜、角膜、晶状体及眼底异常分别提示不同眼部部位受累。角膜异常与工龄延长的关联最为明显,提示长期焊接作业可能与眼表损伤累积有关;晶状体异常检出率较高,可能与紫外线暴露及氧化应激的机制有关[14-15]。眼底异常病因复杂,除蓝光或强可见光相关光毒性损伤外,还可能受年龄等非职业因素影响[16-17]。工龄延长与多部位眼部异常检出风险增加相关,其中角膜和晶状体异常符合焊接光辐射累积损伤特征。
研究发现≤30岁组眼底异常检出率相对较高,与年龄相关眼底改变随年龄升高的规律不完全一致[18]。该现象可能与岗位分布、短期强光暴露、作业强度、防护依从性及眼底检查完成情况差异有关,也可能受健康工人效应影响。年龄较大且已有眼部异常、职业禁忌证或健康状况较差者可能已调离焊接岗位,使在岗者相对健康[19-20]。该选择过程可能导致在岗人群眼部异常检出率低于真实职业暴露人群水平,并削弱或改变年龄、工龄与眼部异常之间的关联。由于缺乏离岗、调岗及职业禁忌证处置等信息,本研究无法进一步评估健康工人效应对检出率和关联强度的影响。因此,该结果仅反映在岗人群中的流行病学现象,不能直接推断年龄对眼底异常具有致病作用。
工龄超过20年的焊工角膜和晶状体异常检出风险分别为工龄≤5年者的4.20倍和2.63倍,与既往研究一致,提示长期焊接作业可能导致眼部慢性损伤累积[13]。但工龄仅能作为累积焊接暴露时间的间接指标,并不等同于实际暴露剂量。由于监测资料未能获取焊接方式、每日作业时长、焊接电流强度、焊接材料、通风状况、岗位轮换及实际光辐射强度等信息,不同工龄者间可能存在暴露差异,导致暴露错分和残余混杂。因此,研究结果更适宜解释为工龄与眼部异常检出风险之间的统计学关联,不能直接推断焊接暴露与眼部损伤的因果关系。
眼部防护措施与各眼部异常的关联方向并不一致。采取眼部防护措施的焊工结膜、角膜和晶状体异常检出风险较高,而眼底异常检出风险较低。眼部防护措施仅记录“有/无”,未包含防护用品类型、滤光等级、质量状态、佩戴时长及佩戴规范性等信息,不能代表实际防护水平。高暴露岗位更可能配备防护用品,已有眼部不适或异常者也可能被要求加强佩戴防护,故该关联可能存在残余混杂、指征混杂及反向因果。同时滤光等级不足、产品质量不合格、镜片老化破损、短时作业未连续佩戴或佩戴方式不规范等现场因素,均可能削弱实际防护效果,不能据此评价防护用品的因果效应。
本研究存在一定局限性。横断面研究设计无法明确暴露与结局的时间顺序,因果推断受到限制;不同眼科检查项目存在不同程度缺失,虽采用完成组与未完成组比较及IPW敏感性分析评价其影响,但仍不能完全排除选择偏倚。监测数据的暴露指标较为粗略,未能获取具体焊接方式、作业时长及防护类型等信息,残余混杂难以避免;此外,眼部异常按体检结论二分类处理,未能区分具体疾病类型,限制了结果的临床解释。本研究结局为职业健康体检记录的部位性异常,不能直接诊断具体职业眼病。尽管如此,本研究基于大样本职业健康监测资料,仍为电焊工眼部健康监护提供了人群依据。
在已完成相关检查的人群中,江苏省电焊工眼部异常检出率总体较低,不同部位异常检出情况存在差异。工龄延长是结膜、角膜、晶状体及眼底异常的共同危险因素,男性、年龄、吸烟史、用人单位规模及眼部防护措施等亦与部分眼部异常有关。建议在职业健康管理中加强长工龄和高暴露岗位电焊工的重点监护,规范落实眼部防护措施,切实保障作业人群的眼部职业健康。
  • 江苏省医学重点学科(ZDXK202249)
  • 职业健康标准前期研究项目(20250106)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202604186
  • 接收时间:2026-04-13
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2026-04-13
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江苏省医学重点学科(ZDXK202249)
职业健康标准前期研究项目(20250106)
作者信息
    1.南京医科大学公共卫生学院,江苏 南京 211166
    2.江苏省疾病预防控制中心职业病防治所

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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