Article(id=1311350450943783384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350363295417204, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601231, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1768320000000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579911217, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1787587200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579911217, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579911217, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579911217, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311350363295417204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787587200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579890321, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790584112451, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311368072267653663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350363295417204, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311368072267653664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350363295417204, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2900, endPage=2908, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350451187053017, articleId=1311350450943783384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Mediating role of remnant cholesterol in the relationship between shift work and renal impairment among steel workers, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the effects of shift work and remnant cholesterol (RC) on renal impairment among steel workers and to analyze the mediating role of RC in this association.

Methods

A cohort study was conducted involving 4 113 workers from a steel enterprise in Tangshan. Participants were enrolled in 2017 and followed up until 2023 to record incident cases of renal impairment. Shift work status was assessed to calculate the Weighted Shift Index (WSI), and RC levels were determined based on fasting lipid profiles. Cox regression was used to analyze risk associations, the Bootstrap method was employed to examine the mediating effect of RC, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the findings.

Results

A total of 626 participants (15.2%) developed renal impairment. Compared with those who never worked shifts, former and current shift workers had a 3.267-fold (95%CI: 2.399-4.449) and 2.910-fold (95%CI: 2.163-3.914) increased risk of renal impairment, respectively. Each IQR increase in WSI was associated with a 29.4% increase in risk. Participants in the high RC group (≥ 0.71 mmol/L) had a 1.762-fold (1.364-2.277) higher risk compared to those in the low RC group (<0.34 mmol/L). Mediation analysis revealed that RC partially mediated the association between shift work and renal impairment, accounting for 12.4% (former shift work), 10.6% (current shift work), and 6.1% (WSI) of the effect, respectively.

Conclusion

Higher shift work load and elevated RC levels were both significantly associated with an increased risk of renal impairment, with RC playing a partial mediating role in this relationship.

, authors=Zheng-hao LUO1, 2, Dan WANG1, Xin-yang CHEN1, Nan WANG1, Ming-yue LIU1, Ju-xiang YUAN1, 2, Xiao-ming LI1, 2, Jian-hui WU1, 2, Ling XUE1, 2, authorsList=Zheng-hao LUO, Dan WANG, Xin-yang CHEN, Nan WANG, Ming-yue LIU, Ju-xiang YUAN, Xiao-ming LI, Jian-hui WU, Ling XUE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ling XUE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350455247139311, articleId=1311350450943783384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=残余胆固醇在倒班致钢铁企业工人肾功能损伤中的中介作用分析, columnId=1228016571273113811, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=环境与职业卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨倒班与残余胆固醇(Remnant cholesterol, RC)对钢铁工人肾功能损伤的影响,分析RC在其中的中介作用。

方法

采用队列研究,以唐山某钢铁企业4 113名工人为对象,于2017年基线调查后随访至2023年,记录新发肾功能损伤情况。通过工作状态评估倒班情况并计算加权倒班指数(Weighted Shift Index, WSI),依据空腹血脂谱计算RC水平。采用Cox回归分析风险关联,以Bootstrap法检验RC的中介效应,并进行敏感性分析来评估结果稳健性。

结果

626人(15.2%)发生肾功能损伤,与从不倒班相比,曾经倒班及现在倒班者肾功能损伤风险分别为其3.267倍(95%CI: 2.399~4.449)与2.910倍(95%CI: 2.163~3.914);WSI每增加一个四分位数间距,发病风险增加29.4%。高RC组(≥ 0.71 mmol/L)较低RC组(<0.34 mmol/L)风险增加1.762倍(1.364~2.277)。中介分析显示,RC在倒班与肾功能损伤间起部分中介作用,占比分别为12.4%(曾经倒班)、10.6%(现在倒班)和6.1%(WSI)。

结论

较高的倒班负荷和RC水平均显著增加肾功能损伤风险,且RC在两者关系中具有部分中介作用。

, authors=罗政豪1, 2, 王丹1, 陈新洋1, 王楠1, 刘明月1, 袁聚祥1, 2, 李小明1, 2, 武建辉1, 2, 薛玲1, 2, authorsList=罗政豪, 王丹, 陈新洋, 王楠, 刘明月, 袁聚祥, 李小明, 武建辉, 薛玲, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=薛玲, authorNote=

罗政豪(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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薛玲,E-mail:
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罗政豪(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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Research progress in mechanism of lipid metabolism in diabetic nephropathy and intervention with Chinese medicine[J]. Journal of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 2025, 41(11): 1292-1298.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Research progress in mechanism of lipid metabolism in diabetic nephropathy and intervention with Chinese medicine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350467821662825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=21, issue=1, pageStart=30, pageEnd=41, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Zewinger S, Reiser J, Jankowski V, journalName=Nature Immunology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zewinger S, Reiser J, Jankowski V, et al. Apolipoprotein C3 induces inflammation and organ damage by alternative inflammasome activation[J]. 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Cardiovascular Diabetology, 2022, 21(1): 117., articleTitle=The role of remnant cholesterol beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetes mellitus, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1311350463694467655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, awardId=2016YFC0900605, language=CN, fundingSource=国家科技部重点研发项目(2016YFC0900605), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350455674958320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350455695929841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, companyId=1311350455674958320, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350455704318450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, companyId=1311350455674958320, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.华北理工大学公共卫生学院,河北 唐山 063210)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350455767233011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350455775621620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, companyId=1311350455767233011, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河北省煤矿卫生与安全重点实验室)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311350460263526961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Kaplan-Meier analysis of renal function impairment by shift work status and RC, figureFileSmall=UCFj9cE9cHiZQPGa8zpuaA==, figureFileBig=tEjgnTR+tQ9mD+B7i2ffyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350460372578866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基于倒班和RC的肾功能损伤KM图

注:A—基于倒班的肾功能损伤KM图,B—基于RFC的肾功能损伤KM图。

, figureFileSmall=UCFj9cE9cHiZQPGa8zpuaA==, figureFileBig=tEjgnTR+tQ9mD+B7i2ffyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350460561322547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Subgroup analysis of the mediating effect of remnant cholesterol, figureFileSmall=YxE8fV3uYAEwcg7CWx8cfQ==, figureFileBig=z9OC8Hm7+gWpMOsLkngwvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350460620042804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=CN, label=图2, caption=以残余胆固醇为中介变量的亚组中介效应分析

注:***:P<0.001;**:P<0.01;*:P<0.05;#:P>0.05。

, figureFileSmall=YxE8fV3uYAEwcg7CWx8cfQ==, figureFileBig=z9OC8Hm7+gWpMOsLkngwvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350460674568757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Analysis of mediation effects under different adjustments, figureFileSmall=hew7VbhWUBW3icnodiaH9A==, figureFileBig=3b2QF8t3jpo/NbfXJpX2AA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350460741677622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同处理方式下中介效应的结果分析

注:***:P<0.001;**:P<0.01;*:P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=hew7VbhWUBW3icnodiaH9A==, figureFileBig=3b2QF8t3jpo/NbfXJpX2AA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350460825563703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Univariate analysis of the incidence of renal dysfunction in steel workers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分组总人数发病人数
(发病率,%)
χ2P
性别男3 516556(15.8)6.6100.010
女59770(11.7)
年龄(岁)<451 842194(10.5)56.820<0.001
≥452 271432(19.0)
教育程度小学及初中1 047146(13.9)1.8610.394
高中及中专2 058325(15.8)
大专及以上1 008155(15.4)
婚姻状况未婚16722(13.2)15.937<0.001
已婚或再婚3 771559(14.8)
离异或丧偶17545(25.7)
家庭人均月收入(元/月)<5 5002 078292(14.1)4.4410.035
≥5 5002 035334(16.4)
睡眠时间(h/日)<71 726274(15.9)1.8260.401
7~82 291341(14.9)
>89611(11.5)
体力活动低41587(21.0)13.3760.001
中36962(16.8)
高3 329477(14.3)
吸烟从不吸烟1 706178(10.4)57.351<0.001
曾经吸烟42595(22.4)
现在吸烟1 982353(17.8)
饮酒从不饮酒1 900134( 7.1)189.553<0.001
曾经饮酒654125(19.1)
现在饮酒1 559367(23.5)
DASH评分<241 339245(18.3)14.569<0.001
≥242 774381(13.7)
BMI(kg/m2)<241 375154(11.2)25.869<0.001
≥242 738472(17.2)
高温是2 161403(18.6)41.485<0.001
否1 952223(11.4)
噪声是2 209342(15.5)0.2540.614
否1 904284(14.9)
粉尘是27691(33.0)72.246<0.001
否3 837535(13.9)
倒班从不倒班83551( 6.1)73.154<0.001
曾经倒班1 005199(19.8)
现在倒班2 273376(16.6)
RCQ1(0.06~<0.34)1 069100( 9.4)43.237<0.001
Q2(0.34~<0.48)1 013156(15.4)
Q3(0.48~<0.71)1 016179(17.6)
Q4(0.71~3.95)1 015191(18.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350460926227000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

钢铁工人肾功能损伤发病的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分组总人数发病人数
(发病率,%)
χ2P
性别男3 516556(15.8)6.6100.010
女59770(11.7)
年龄(岁)<451 842194(10.5)56.820<0.001
≥452 271432(19.0)
教育程度小学及初中1 047146(13.9)1.8610.394
高中及中专2 058325(15.8)
大专及以上1 008155(15.4)
婚姻状况未婚16722(13.2)15.937<0.001
已婚或再婚3 771559(14.8)
离异或丧偶17545(25.7)
家庭人均月收入(元/月)<5 5002 078292(14.1)4.4410.035
≥5 5002 035334(16.4)
睡眠时间(h/日)<71 726274(15.9)1.8260.401
7~82 291341(14.9)
>89611(11.5)
体力活动低41587(21.0)13.3760.001
中36962(16.8)
高3 329477(14.3)
吸烟从不吸烟1 706178(10.4)57.351<0.001
曾经吸烟42595(22.4)
现在吸烟1 982353(17.8)
饮酒从不饮酒1 900134( 7.1)189.553<0.001
曾经饮酒654125(19.1)
现在饮酒1 559367(23.5)
DASH评分<241 339245(18.3)14.569<0.001
≥242 774381(13.7)
BMI(kg/m2)<241 375154(11.2)25.869<0.001
≥242 738472(17.2)
高温是2 161403(18.6)41.485<0.001
否1 952223(11.4)
噪声是2 209342(15.5)0.2540.614
否1 904284(14.9)
粉尘是27691(33.0)72.246<0.001
否3 837535(13.9)
倒班从不倒班83551( 6.1)73.154<0.001
曾经倒班1 005199(19.8)
现在倒班2 273376(16.6)
RCQ1(0.06~<0.34)1 069100( 9.4)43.237<0.001
Q2(0.34~<0.48)1 013156(15.4)
Q3(0.48~<0.71)1 016179(17.6)
Q4(0.71~3.95)1 015191(18.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350460997530169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of biochemical indicators on renal impairment in steel workers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标未发生肾功能损伤
(n=3 487)
肾功能损伤
(n=626)
t/ZP
TG(mmol/L)1.6±1.32.0±1.95.254<0.001
TC(mmol/L)5.1±0.95.2±1.02.6430.008
LDL-C(mmol/L)3.0±0.83.2±1.03.380<0.001
HDL-C(mmol/L)1.3±0.31.3±0.33.485<0.001
FBG(mmol/L)6.0±1.06.5±1.111.283<0.001
SBP(mm/Hg)127.4±10.5128.6±12.52.2610.024
DBP(mm/Hg)81.8±7.182.6±8.42.1370.033
GFR[mL/min/(1.73m2)]104.7±9.5105.2±11.60.9760.329
RC(mmol/L)0.4(0.3,0.7)0.5(0.4,0.8)6.730a<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350461060444730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

生化指标对钢铁工人肾功能损伤的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标未发生肾功能损伤
(n=3 487)
肾功能损伤
(n=626)
t/ZP
TG(mmol/L)1.6±1.32.0±1.95.254<0.001
TC(mmol/L)5.1±0.95.2±1.02.6430.008
LDL-C(mmol/L)3.0±0.83.2±1.03.380<0.001
HDL-C(mmol/L)1.3±0.31.3±0.33.485<0.001
FBG(mmol/L)6.0±1.06.5±1.111.283<0.001
SBP(mm/Hg)127.4±10.5128.6±12.52.2610.024
DBP(mm/Hg)81.8±7.182.6±8.42.1370.033
GFR[mL/min/(1.73m2)]104.7±9.5105.2±11.60.9760.329
RC(mmol/L)0.4(0.3,0.7)0.5(0.4,0.8)6.730a<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350461140136507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Association between shift work and the risk of renal function impairment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
RC模型Ⅰ模型Ⅱ
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
WSI(连续)1.003(1.002~1.004)<0.0011.003(1.002~1.004)<0.001
每增加1IQR1.412(1.220~1.635)<0.0011.279(1.105~1.480)<0.001
从未倒班1.0001.000
曾经倒班3.414(2.510~4.644)<0.0013.223(2.367~4.389)<0.001
现在倒班2.837(2.118~3.801)<0.0012.783(2.070~3.740)<0.001
RC模型Ⅲ模型Ⅳ
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
WSI(连续)1.003(1.002~1.004)<0.0011.003(1.002~1.004)<0.001
每增加1IQR1.306(1.130~1.511)<0.0011.294(1.119~1.496)<0.001
从未倒班1.0001.000
曾经倒班3.212(2.359~4.373)<0.0013.267(2.399~4.449)<0.001
现在倒班2.794(2.080~3.753)<0.0012.910(2.163~3.914)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350461211439676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

倒班与肾功能损伤发病风险的关联性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
RC模型Ⅰ模型Ⅱ
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
WSI(连续)1.003(1.002~1.004)<0.0011.003(1.002~1.004)<0.001
每增加1IQR1.412(1.220~1.635)<0.0011.279(1.105~1.480)<0.001
从未倒班1.0001.000
曾经倒班3.414(2.510~4.644)<0.0013.223(2.367~4.389)<0.001
现在倒班2.837(2.118~3.801)<0.0012.783(2.070~3.740)<0.001
RC模型Ⅲ模型Ⅳ
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
WSI(连续)1.003(1.002~1.004)<0.0011.003(1.002~1.004)<0.001
每增加1IQR1.306(1.130~1.511)<0.0011.294(1.119~1.496)<0.001
从未倒班1.0001.000
曾经倒班3.212(2.359~4.373)<0.0013.267(2.399~4.449)<0.001
现在倒班2.794(2.080~3.753)<0.0012.910(2.163~3.914)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350462855606845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Association between remnant cholesterol and the risk of renal function impairment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
RC模型Ⅰ模型Ⅱ模型Ⅲ
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
RC(连续)1.686(1.511~1.881)<0.0011.566(1.401~1.749)<0.0011.559(1.393~1.744)<0.001
每增加1IQR1.213(1.165~1.263)<0.0011.180(1.133~1.230)<0.0011.179(1.131~1.229)<0.001
Q1(0.06~)1.0001.0001.000
Q2(0.34~)1.607(1.242-2.079)<0.0011.508(1.160-1.960)0.0021.507(1.159-1.960)0.002
Q3(0.48~)1.669(1.294-2.152)<0.0011.594(1.233-2.059)<0.0011.583(1.226-2.045)<0.001
Q4(0.71~3.95)1.842(1.432-2.368)<0.0011.772(1.371-2.290)<0.0011.762(1.364-2.277)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350462960464446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

残余胆固醇与肾功能损伤发病风险的关联性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
RC模型Ⅰ模型Ⅱ模型Ⅲ
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
RC(连续)1.686(1.511~1.881)<0.0011.566(1.401~1.749)<0.0011.559(1.393~1.744)<0.001
每增加1IQR1.213(1.165~1.263)<0.0011.180(1.133~1.230)<0.0011.179(1.131~1.229)<0.001
Q1(0.06~)1.0001.0001.000
Q2(0.34~)1.607(1.242-2.079)<0.0011.508(1.160-1.960)0.0021.507(1.159-1.960)0.002
Q3(0.48~)1.669(1.294-2.152)<0.0011.594(1.233-2.059)<0.0011.583(1.226-2.045)<0.001
Q4(0.71~3.95)1.842(1.432-2.368)<0.0011.772(1.371-2.290)<0.0011.762(1.364-2.277)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350463069516351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Association between shift work and remnant cholesterol

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β95%CIχ2P
下限上限
截距0.4660.4040.528215.479<0.001
倒班情况(参照:从不倒班)
曾经倒班0.0780.0370.11814.228<0.001
现在倒班0.0820.0460.11720.597<0.001
WSI0.0310.0020.0604.1000.038
), ArticleFig(id=1311350463149208128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

倒班与残余胆固醇的关联性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β95%CIχ2P
下限上限
截距0.4660.4040.528215.479<0.001
倒班情况(参照:从不倒班)
曾经倒班0.0780.0370.11814.228<0.001
现在倒班0.0820.0460.11720.597<0.001
WSI0.0310.0020.0604.1000.038
), ArticleFig(id=1311350463212122689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

The mediating effect of RC on the relationship between shift work and renal impairment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中介路径间接效应值(95%CI)P
曾经倒班→RC→肾功能损伤0.018(0.009~0.029)0.001
曾经倒班→TG→肾功能损伤-0.001(-0.005~0.003)0.671
曾经倒班→LDL→肾功能损伤0.001(-0.002~0.002)0.770
曾经倒班→HDL→肾功能损伤0.001(-0.002~0.003)0.592
现在倒班→RC→肾功能损伤0.015(0.008~0.023)0.001
现在倒班→TG→肾功能损伤-0.003(-0.008~0.001)0.084
现在倒班→LDL→肾功能损伤0.001(-0.001~0.001)0.850
现在倒班→HDL→肾功能损伤-0.001(-0.003~0.001)0.332
), ArticleFig(id=1311350463296008770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

RC介导的倒班与肾功能损伤的中介效应

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中介路径间接效应值(95%CI)P
曾经倒班→RC→肾功能损伤0.018(0.009~0.029)0.001
曾经倒班→TG→肾功能损伤-0.001(-0.005~0.003)0.671
曾经倒班→LDL→肾功能损伤0.001(-0.002~0.002)0.770
曾经倒班→HDL→肾功能损伤0.001(-0.002~0.003)0.592
现在倒班→RC→肾功能损伤0.015(0.008~0.023)0.001
现在倒班→TG→肾功能损伤-0.003(-0.008~0.001)0.084
现在倒班→LDL→肾功能损伤0.001(-0.001~0.001)0.850
现在倒班→HDL→肾功能损伤-0.001(-0.003~0.001)0.332
), ArticleFig(id=1311350463379894851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Total, direct, and indirect effects from the mediation analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应类型分组效应值(95%CI)效应占比(%)P
总间接效应曾经倒班0.017(0.010~0.027)12.4<0.001
现在倒班0.011(0.006~0.016)10.6<0.001
直接效应曾经倒班0.119(0.092~0.148)87.6<0.001
现在倒班0.093(0.069~0.115)89.4<0.001
总效应曾经倒班0.137(0.109~0.167)100.0<0.001
现在倒班0.104(0.080~0.126)100.0<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350463438615108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

总效应、直接效应及中介效应分解表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应类型分组效应值(95%CI)效应占比(%)P
总间接效应曾经倒班0.017(0.010~0.027)12.4<0.001
现在倒班0.011(0.006~0.016)10.6<0.001
直接效应曾经倒班0.119(0.092~0.148)87.6<0.001
现在倒班0.093(0.069~0.115)89.4<0.001
总效应曾经倒班0.137(0.109~0.167)100.0<0.001
现在倒班0.104(0.080~0.126)100.0<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350463514112581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

The mediating effect of RC on the relationship WSI and renal impairment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中介效应占比效应值(95%CI)P
WSI→RC→肾功能损伤0.040(0.015~0.070)0.008
WSI→TG→肾功能损伤0.016(-0.001~0.040)0.204
WSI→LDL→肾功能损伤0.004(-0.006~0.015)0.474
WSI→HDL→肾功能损伤0.001(-0.011~0.013)0.885
总间接效应0.061(0.013~0.114)0.013
), ArticleFig(id=1311350463585415750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350450943783384, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

RC介导的WSI与肾功能损伤的中介效应

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中介效应占比效应值(95%CI)P
WSI→RC→肾功能损伤0.040(0.015~0.070)0.008
WSI→TG→肾功能损伤0.016(-0.001~0.040)0.204
WSI→LDL→肾功能损伤0.004(-0.006~0.015)0.474
WSI→HDL→肾功能损伤0.001(-0.011~0.013)0.885
总间接效应0.061(0.013~0.114)0.013
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残余胆固醇在倒班致钢铁企业工人肾功能损伤中的中介作用分析
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罗政豪 1, 2 , 王丹 1 , 陈新洋 1 , 王楠 1 , 刘明月 1 , 袁聚祥 1, 2 , 李小明 1, 2 , 武建辉 1, 2 , 薛玲 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2026,53(16): 2900-2908
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现代预防医学 |环境与职业卫生 2026 , 53 (16) : 2900 -2908
残余胆固醇在倒班致钢铁企业工人肾功能损伤中的中介作用分析
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罗政豪1, 2, 王丹1, 陈新洋1, 王楠1, 刘明月1, 袁聚祥1, 2, 李小明1, 2, 武建辉1, 2, 薛玲1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.华北理工大学公共卫生学院,河北 唐山 063210
  • 2.河北省煤矿卫生与安全重点实验室
通讯作者:
薛玲,E-mail:
作者简介:

罗政豪(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

Mediating role of remnant cholesterol in the relationship between shift work and renal impairment among steel workers
Zheng-hao LUO1, 2, Dan WANG1, Xin-yang CHEN1, Nan WANG1, Ming-yue LIU1, Ju-xiang YUAN1, 2, Xiao-ming LI1, 2, Jian-hui WU1, 2, Ling XUE1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
出版时间: 2026-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601231
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目的

探讨倒班与残余胆固醇(Remnant cholesterol, RC)对钢铁工人肾功能损伤的影响,分析RC在其中的中介作用。

方法

采用队列研究,以唐山某钢铁企业4 113名工人为对象,于2017年基线调查后随访至2023年,记录新发肾功能损伤情况。通过工作状态评估倒班情况并计算加权倒班指数(Weighted Shift Index, WSI),依据空腹血脂谱计算RC水平。采用Cox回归分析风险关联,以Bootstrap法检验RC的中介效应,并进行敏感性分析来评估结果稳健性。

结果

626人(15.2%)发生肾功能损伤,与从不倒班相比,曾经倒班及现在倒班者肾功能损伤风险分别为其3.267倍(95%CI: 2.399~4.449)与2.910倍(95%CI: 2.163~3.914);WSI每增加一个四分位数间距,发病风险增加29.4%。高RC组(≥ 0.71 mmol/L)较低RC组(<0.34 mmol/L)风险增加1.762倍(1.364~2.277)。中介分析显示,RC在倒班与肾功能损伤间起部分中介作用,占比分别为12.4%(曾经倒班)、10.6%(现在倒班)和6.1%(WSI)。

结论

较高的倒班负荷和RC水平均显著增加肾功能损伤风险,且RC在两者关系中具有部分中介作用。

钢铁工人  /  倒班  /  残余胆固醇  /  肾功能损伤  /  中介作用
Objective

To investigate the effects of shift work and remnant cholesterol (RC) on renal impairment among steel workers and to analyze the mediating role of RC in this association.

Methods

A cohort study was conducted involving 4 113 workers from a steel enterprise in Tangshan. Participants were enrolled in 2017 and followed up until 2023 to record incident cases of renal impairment. Shift work status was assessed to calculate the Weighted Shift Index (WSI), and RC levels were determined based on fasting lipid profiles. Cox regression was used to analyze risk associations, the Bootstrap method was employed to examine the mediating effect of RC, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the findings.

Results

A total of 626 participants (15.2%) developed renal impairment. Compared with those who never worked shifts, former and current shift workers had a 3.267-fold (95%CI: 2.399-4.449) and 2.910-fold (95%CI: 2.163-3.914) increased risk of renal impairment, respectively. Each IQR increase in WSI was associated with a 29.4% increase in risk. Participants in the high RC group (≥ 0.71 mmol/L) had a 1.762-fold (1.364-2.277) higher risk compared to those in the low RC group (<0.34 mmol/L). Mediation analysis revealed that RC partially mediated the association between shift work and renal impairment, accounting for 12.4% (former shift work), 10.6% (current shift work), and 6.1% (WSI) of the effect, respectively.

Conclusion

Higher shift work load and elevated RC levels were both significantly associated with an increased risk of renal impairment, with RC playing a partial mediating role in this relationship.

Steel workers  /  Shift work  /  Remnant cholesterol  /  Renal function impairment  /  Mediation effect
罗政豪, 王丹, 陈新洋, 王楠, 刘明月, 袁聚祥, 李小明, 武建辉, 薛玲. 残余胆固醇在倒班致钢铁企业工人肾功能损伤中的中介作用分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (16) : 2900 -2908 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601231
Zheng-hao LUO, Dan WANG, Xin-yang CHEN, Nan WANG, Ming-yue LIU, Ju-xiang YUAN, Xiao-ming LI, Jian-hui WU, Ling XUE. Mediating role of remnant cholesterol in the relationship between shift work and renal impairment among steel workers[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (16) : 2900 -2908 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601231
肾功能损伤是全球性的重大公共卫生负担[1],早期起病隐匿,寻找可改变的危险因素对防控至关重要。钢铁工人长期暴露于噪声、高温、粉尘等复杂职业环境[2],且普遍采用倒班作业模式,其健康问题尤为突出。倒班作业通过扰乱昼夜节律[3]可引发代谢紊乱及心血管疾病等健康问题[4]。退休的倒班工人发生肾损伤的风险显著升高,提示倒班暴露可能对肾功能产生长期不良影响[5]。
然而,倒班致肾损伤的机制尚未阐明,既往研究多聚焦于传统危险因素的中介作用,但仍有部分关联无法被解释。近年来,残余胆固醇(Remnant cholesterol,RC)作为新型血脂组分,不仅与肾功能下降相关,且倒班引起的昼夜节律紊乱可致RC水平升高[6]。RC兼具致炎和促动脉硬化特性,可能通过氧化应激、慢性炎症等途径损害肾脏,在倒班与肾损伤之间扮演中介角色。若其中介作用被证实,RC可作为便捷的生物标志物[7]纳入工人健康监测体系,实现早期筛查与重点随访。但目前缺乏针对钢铁行业倒班影响肾功能的研究,RC的作用也未被揭示。本研究旨在探讨RC是否在倒班致肾功能损伤通路中起中介作用,为理解倒班健康影响提供新证据,并制定针对性干预策略。
本研究基于《京津冀地区职业人群健康效应队列研究》,以唐山市某钢铁企业工人为研究对象,于2017年3—9月完成基线调查,并分别于2018—2019,2021—2023年进行5次随访,随访截止时间为2023年12月,以新发肾功能损伤作为结局事件。纳入标准:(1)该钢铁企业正式员工,且工龄≥1年,年龄<60岁;(2)自愿签署知情同意书并参与本研究。排除标准:(1)基线已确诊肾功能损伤者;(2)未完成问卷调查者;(3)体检项目缺失者;(4)正在服用可能影响肾功能药物(利尿剂、抗生素类等药物)者;(5)正在服用降脂类药物者(PCSK9抑制剂、他汀类药物)者;(6)高血压和糖尿病患者。失访:研究对象在研究过程中未能继续参与或失去联系,如研究对象调离、退休、死亡、拒绝继续参与等。基线调查时共有7 625名工人,依据纳排标准,确定基线人数4 570人,随访过程中排除失访457人,最终确定研究对象4 113人。本研究经华北理工大学伦理委员会审核批准(审批号:16040)。
基线调查收集问卷调查资料、体格检查资料和实验室检查资料。随访调查收集研究对象的血清肌酐、血脂指标。
问卷调查:经统一培训的华北理工大学研究生,采用一对一访谈的形式进行问卷调查。调查内容包括:(1)人口学特征:年龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状况和家庭人均月收入。(2)行为生活方式:体力活动、吸烟、饮酒、饮食、睡眠。(3)工作情况:工龄、倒班、高温、粉尘、噪声。
体格检查:由经过培训的体检人员按照身高、体重、收缩压(Systolic Blood Pressure,SBP)、舒张压(Diastolic Blood Pressure,DBP)等指标的标准检测方法对工人进行体格检查。
实验室检查:采集研究对象晨起空腹静脉血,测量样品中肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)、总胆固醇(serum total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lippoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、甘油三脂(Triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein,LDL)、空腹血糖(Fasting Plasma Glucose,FPG)的含量。
采用慢性肾病流行病学合作研究社的公式组计算肾小球滤过率(Glomerular filtration rate,GFR)[8],当GFR ≤ 90 mL/min/(1.73 m2),定义为肾功能损伤。
(1)女性:
(1)sCr ≤0.7mg/dl:;
(2)sCr > 0.7mg/dl:。
(2)男性:
(1)sCr ≤ 0.9mg/dl:;
(2)sCr > 0.9mg/dl:。
残余胆固醇的计算[9]是根据第一次随访时患者在空腹状态下的标准血脂谱计算,计算公式见式1:
倒班是指因工作需要,员工执行的两班倒、三班倒等涉及轮换夜班的工作制度。本研究中倒班类型分为从不倒班,曾经倒班,现在倒班三种。加权倒班指数(weighted shift index,WSI)可以用来评估研究对象倒班的累积暴露情况。WSI是以时间为权数计算的工人夜班天数[10],计算公式见式2:
式中:T为上夜班时间,n为上夜班天数。
(1)年龄:将年龄按照中老年人界定标准分为:<45岁和≥45岁。(2)家庭人均月收入按照中位数分为两组:<5 500元和≥5 500元。(3)高温暴露:按国标《工作场所物理因素测量第7部分:高温》判定标准[11],判定是否为高温作业。(4)噪声暴露:按国标《工作场所物理因素测量第8部分:噪声》判定标准[12],判定是否为噪声作业。(5)粉尘暴露:根据《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分 化学因素》判定标准[13],工人接触粉尘定义为暴露于粉尘。
数据分析采用Excel 2021、SPSS 23.0以及R-4.3.2统计软件进行分析。统计检验的显著性标准为双侧α<0.05。数据录用由经过统一培训的专业人员使用Epidata 3.1软件进行录入。
正态分布的计量资料采用来表示,组间比较采用t检验。非正态分布的资料用M(P25,P75)来表示,组间比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验。计数资料采用率或构成比来表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。使用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线验证风险比例模型的合理性。本研究采用逐步调整的Cox比例风险回归模型进行关联性分析,构建四个模型分析倒班与肾损伤的关联:模型Ⅰ未调整混杂,估计总关联;模型Ⅱ调整年龄、性别、体力活动、吸烟、饮酒、饮食、BMI、FBG、SBP、DBP、GFR,估计独立总效应;模型Ⅲ进一步调整TG、TC、HDL、LDL,探索血脂的潜在中介作用;模型Ⅳ进一步调整高温、粉尘,检验控制职业混杂后的稳健性。分析RC与肾功能损伤的关联时,不包含血脂调整。此外,采用广义线性模型分析倒班与RC之间的关联性。
以倒班情况为自变量,肾功能损伤为因变量,以RC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C为平行中介变量,构建多重中介模型,使用mediation包进行路径分析,采用偏差校正的百分位Bootstrap法重复抽样5 000次,计算各中介路径的间接效应、总间接效应、直接效应及总效应,同时计算各中介路径的效应占比及总中介效应占比,并根据性别、年龄和BMI进行亚组中介分析。
采用敏感性分析,评估结果的稳健性:(1)排除随访两年内发病的参与者;(2)对失访人员作两种假设:均不发病和按照研究人群同期发病比例发生肾功能损伤;(3)排除LDL-C异常的工人;(4)排除RC计算误差的影响。
随访的4 113名钢铁工人中,男性工人3 516名(85.5%),女性工人597名(14.5%);55.2% 的工人年龄 ≥ 45岁,44.8% 的工人年龄<45岁;新发肾功能损伤工人626人,累积发病率为15.2%,男女累积发病率分别15.8%和11.7%。倒班与肾功能损伤发病之间有显著关联(P<0.001),其中曾经倒班的工人肾损伤发病率最高。将RC按四分位数分为四组,不同RC水平的工人,其肾功能损伤的发病风险差异有统计学意义(χ2=43.237,P<0.001)。本次研究还发现不同生活习惯、高温、粉尘等因素与肾功能损伤发病风险差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1。
表2提示:肾功能损伤工人TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、FBG、SBP、DBP、RC水平与未发生肾损伤的工人比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在基线GFR水平上差异无统计学意义。
通过KM生存分析对Cox模型进行评估,结果见图1。KM生存曲线平行,说明比例风险模型假设成立。
以倒班为自变量,肾功能损伤为因变量,进行多因素Cox比例风险回归分析。如表3所示,当WSI每增加1IQR时,肾功能损伤发病风险增加29.4%;曾经倒班组(HR:3.267;95%CI:2.399~4.449)和现在倒班组(HR:2.910;95%CI:2.163~3.914)肾功能损伤的发病风险要比从不倒班组高(P<0.001)。
较高的RC会加重肾功能损伤发病风险。结果见表4,在调整所有混杂因素后,RC每升高1 mmol/L,肾功能损伤风险增加55.9%;每增加1个IQR所对应的风险,结果显示风险增加17.9%。模型Ⅲ中高RC组的肾功能损伤的发病风险是Q1组的1.762倍(95%CI:1.364~2.277)。
以倒班作为自变量,以RC作为因变量,建立多因素广义线性模型,探究倒班情况与RC的定量关系。表5显示:校正混杂因素后,与从不倒班组相比,曾经倒班组RC升高0.078 mmol/L(P<0.001),现在倒班组RC升高0.082 mmol/L(P<0.001)。
表6~8可以看出,倒班对肾功能损伤的影响部分由血脂标志物介导。其中,仅RC的间接效应显著(P=0.001)。总间接效应在曾经倒班组的占比为12.4%,在现在倒班组中占10.6%,在WSI组中占6.1%,且均具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。综上,倒班对肾功能损伤的影响中,RC是唯一具有显著中介作用的血脂标志物,表明RC在该关系中发挥一定的中介作用。
通过亚组分析检验RC作为中介因素的稳健性及其对倒班与肾功能损伤的影响,结果如图2所示,在男性亚组以及不同年龄、BMI亚组中,RC的中介效应依然显著。
考虑潜在发病基础及失访影响,排除随访2年内发病者并对失访作不同处理后进行中介分析;另排除LDL-C异常值(<2.6或 ≥ 4.1 mmol/L)后重复中介分析;为评估RC计算误差,采用文献中低、中、高三种血脂测量误差系数进行蒙特卡洛模拟,图3显示中介效应占比稳定。
本研究发现倒班与肾功能损伤发病风险之间具有统计学意义的关联,并发现RC在这一过程中发挥着部分中介作用。这些结果与现有文献一致,表明倒班工作可能通过影响脂质代谢,从而影响肾脏健康[10]。此外,我们的研究结果也支持了RC作为CKD进展的一个重要风险因素的观点[14]。
大量流行病学证据表明,长期倒班引起的不规律作息会导致生物钟紊乱,不仅会加重代谢负担、增加皮质醇等应激激素分泌[15-16],还可能通过提升炎症标志物水平[17],共同增加慢性肾脏病风险。然而,目前相关机制与风险因素仍有待深入研究[18]。
同时,RC被证实与肾损伤密切相关,且RC升高与GFR降低存在明显关联,提示其可作为早期肾功能异常的潜在标志[19-20]。本研究通过剔除早期事件后中介效应仍显著,提示RC升高并非继发于肾功能损伤;新近累积RC暴露研究显示剂量-反应关系,证实持续高RC暴露先于并驱动肾功能进行性下降[21]。从生物学机制来看,RC之所以能在倒班与肾损伤之间发挥中介作用,与其独特的致炎和促动脉硬化特性密切相关[22]:RC颗粒较小,易穿透血管内皮沉积于肾小球和肾小管间质,通过诱导氧化应激、促进泡沫细胞形成、损害内皮功能等途径直接损伤肾脏[23-24],为RC在倒班与肾损伤之间充当“毒性桥梁”提供病理基础。即倒班所致的昼夜节律紊乱可引发RC水平周期性升高,使RC监测成为一个动态、灵敏的“生物学监测窗口”,较传统肾功能指标更好的反应肾脏的健康风险。
本研究的平行中介分析结果表明,RC在此关系中扮演了关键且特异性的中介角色。提示倒班相关的肾损伤风险,可能并非源于广泛的“高脂血症”,而主要与RC这一具有明确致动脉粥样硬化与促炎特性的脂质残余颗粒相关联[25]。RC可能通过损害肾脏微循环与肾小球滤过屏障,成为节律失调向肾损伤转化的病理桥梁。亚组分析中,年龄、性别、BMI各亚组的中介效应显著,证实了其在倒班和肾功能损伤关系中的关键桥梁作用。但女性人群的中介效应并不显著,可能是样本占比较少所致偏差。
从公共卫生角度,为减少倒班对钢铁工人肾功能的影响,建议优化排班制度、加强健康教育与定期监测,并在政策层面完善职业健康保护。同时也应关注本研究的局限性,包括RC为计算非直接测量、睡眠质量与规律性未充分评估、样本以男性钢铁工人为主等。未来需在不同人群中进一步验证,并探索其他潜在中介机制与影响因素。
然而,本研究也存在一定的局限性。首先,尽管我们采用了第一次随访测量的RC作为中介变量,但RC仍为单次测量值,未能捕捉其在随访期间的动态变化轨迹。其次,本研究虽考察了睡眠时间,并未考虑睡眠的质量和规律性这些更深层次的健康标志物,忽略了睡眠对结果的影响。最后,本研究选取的企业工人多数为男性,结果难以在女性中推广。此外,本研究的样本限于钢铁工人,其结果的普适性可能会受到限制。因此,未来研究中可在不同人群中进行以验证结果的普适性,进行重复测量减少错分偏倚以及探索其他可能的中介机制或风险因素。
  • 国家科技部重点研发项目(2016YFC0900605)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601231
  • 接收时间:2026-01-14
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-14
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国家科技部重点研发项目(2016YFC0900605)
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    1.华北理工大学公共卫生学院,河北 唐山 063210
    2.河北省煤矿卫生与安全重点实验室

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