Article(id=1311350382002012234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350363295417204, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603081, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1772640000000, receivedDateStr=2026-03-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579894780, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1787587200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579894780, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579894780, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579894780, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311350363295417204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787587200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579890321, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790584112451, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311368072267653663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350363295417204, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311368072267653664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350363295417204, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2987, endPage=2994, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350382232698955, articleId=1311350382002012234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Influencing factors of health service utilization by middle-aged and elderly people in China based on logistic regression and decision tree models, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyzes the influencing factors of outpatient and inpatient service utilization among middle-aged and elderly people in China based on the Andersen model.

Methods

Using the 2020 Chinese Health and Aging Tracking Survey Database as the basis, the study focused on middle-aged and elderly individuals aged 45 and above. Chi-square test, binary logistic regression, and CHAID decision tree were employed to predict the influencing factors.

Results

The outpatient utilization rate among middle-aged and elderly people was 20.32%, and the inpatient utilization rate was 16.78%. Logistic regression showed that the main influencing factors for outpatient utilization were self-assessed health (general OR=0.310, 95%CI: 0.242-0.397 or good OR=0.611, 95%CI: 0.512-0.730), the number of chronic diseases (≥ 2 types OR=2.288, 95%CI: 1.877-2.790 or having 1 type OR=1.510, 95%CI: 1.272-1.794), and being affected by medical treatment during the epidemic (OR=2.755, 95%CI: 2.292-3.313). Urban employee medical insurance (OR=0.577, 95%CI: 0.361-0.923), having internet access in the past month (OR=1.198, 95%CI: 1.025-1.401), age 60-69 years old (OR=1.188, 95%CI: 1.007-1.401), and having running water (OR=0.739, 95%CI: 0.584-0.937). The main influencing factors for inpatient utilization were self-assessed health (general OR=0.238, 95%CI: 0.182-0.311 or good OR=0.400, 95%CI: 0.331-0.482), the number of chronic diseases (≥ 2 types OR=2.410, 95%CI: 1.957-2.967 or having 1 type OR=1.628, 95%CI: 1.352-1.959), IADL impairment (OR=1.346, 95%CI: 1.103-1.643), being affected by medical treatment during the epidemic (OR=1.657, 95%CI: 1.351-2.031), having internet access in the past month (OR=0.776, 95%CI: 0.653-0.922), and being elderly (70-79 years old OR=1.292, 95%CI: 1.017-1.641; ≥ 80 years old OR=1.476, 95%CI: 1.005-2.169). The CHAID decision tree further revealed that being affected by medical treatment during the epidemic was the primary stratification factor for outpatient utilization, and self-assessed health was the primary stratification factor for inpatient utilization. Both models demonstrated good predictive performance, with similar values of the area under the ROC curve.

Conclusion

Logistic regression and CHAID decision tree can complementarily analyze the influencing mechanisms of health service utilization. Policies should focus on middle-aged and elderly people with poor self-assessed health, chronic disease comorbidity, IADL impairment, and high age, and establish a medical service guarantee mechanism for the elderly in the event of a public health emergency.

, authors=Ru-yu YAO1, Zhong-hua SUO2, Xiang-ming GUO1, Yu-fei GAO1, Sha-sha SONG1, Ying LANG1, authorsList=Ru-yu YAO, Zhong-hua SUO, Xiang-ming GUO, Yu-fei GAO, Sha-sha SONG, Ying LANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ying LANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350383339995218, articleId=1311350382002012234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=基于logistic回归与决策树模型的我国中老年人卫生服务利用影响因素研究, columnId=1228016568014139551, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=卫生政策与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

基于Andersen模型,分析我国中老年人门诊与住院服务利用的影响因素。

方法

基于2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据库,以≥45岁中老年人为研究对象,采用χ2检验、二元logistic回归和CHAID决策树进行影响因素预测。

结果

中老年人门诊就诊率20.32%,住院率16.78%。logistic回归显示,门诊利用的主要影响因素:自评健康(一般OR=0.310,95%CI:0.242~0.397或好OR=0.611,95%CI:0.512~0.730)、慢性病数量(≥2种OR=2.288,95%CI:1.877~2.790或患1种OR=1.510,95%CI:1.272~1.794)、疫情期间看病受影响(OR=2.755,95%CI:2.292~3.313),城镇职工医保(OR=0.577,95%CI:0.361~0.923)、过去一个月上网(OR=1.198,95%CI:1.025~1.401)、年龄60~69岁(OR=1.188,95%CI:1.007~1.401)、有自来水者(OR=0.739,95%CI:0.584~0.937)。住院利用的主要影响因素:自评健康(一般OR=0.238,95%CI:0.182~0.311或好OR=0.400,95%CI:0.331~0.482)、慢性病数量(≥2种OR=2.410,95%CI:1.957~2.967或患1种OR=1.628,95%CI:1.352~1.959)、IADL受损(OR=1.346,95%CI:1.103~1.643)、疫情期间看病受影响(OR=1.657,95%CI:1.351~2.031)、近一个月上网(OR=0.776,95%CI:0.653~0.922)、高龄(70~79岁OR=1.292,95%CI:1.017~1.641;≥80岁OR=1.476,95%CI:1.005~2.169)。CHAID决策树进一步揭示,疫情期间看病受影响是门诊利用的首要分层因素,自评健康是住院利用的首要分层因素。两种模型均展现良好预测性能,ROC曲线下面积值相近。

结论

logistic回归与CHAID决策树可互补分析卫生服务利用的影响机制。政策应聚焦自评健康不佳、慢性病共病、IADL受损及高龄老年人,建立突发公共卫生事件下的老年医疗服务保障机制。

, authors=姚如玉1, 锁忠花2, 郭相明1, 高愉斐1, 宋沙莎1, 郎颖1, authorsList=姚如玉, 锁忠花, 郭相明, 高愉斐, 宋沙莎, 郎颖, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郎颖, authorNote=

姚如玉(2002—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与卫生经济

, correspAuthorsNote=
郎颖,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=eeB27kVRZ6dEiysXMNlb5Q==, magXml=XmuX0chfX/B4GxluAko85g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=hJ0+G+DB1dqBOqDu9vv4yw==, pdfFileSize=1066357, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=IPweX8Ds9xHH5r4KbdeAGQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=jdGV3oowRfv76T7ii5TgWQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1311350383725871193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1311350383801368667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350383725871193, language=EN, stringName=Ru-yu YAO, firstName=Ru-yu, middleName=null, lastName=YAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311350383864283228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350383725871193, language=CN, stringName=姚如玉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004, bio={"content":"

姚如玉(2002—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与卫生经济

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

姚如玉(2002—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与卫生经济

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350383566487635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383574876244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383587459157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004)])]), Author(id=1311350383931392094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1311350384006889568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350383931392094, language=EN, stringName=Zhong-hua SUO, firstName=Zhong-hua, middleName=null, lastName=SUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311350384090775649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350383931392094, language=CN, stringName=锁忠花, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.南开大学周恩来政府管理学院, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350383650373718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383658762327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383650373718, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.南开大学周恩来政府管理学院)])]), Author(id=1311350384157884515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1311350384250159205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350384157884515, language=EN, stringName=Xiang-ming GUO, firstName=Xiang-ming, middleName=null, lastName=GUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311350384308879462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350384157884515, language=CN, stringName=郭相明, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350383566487635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383574876244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383587459157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004)])]), Author(id=1311350384371794024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1311350384434708586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350384371794024, language=EN, stringName=Yu-fei GAO, firstName=Yu-fei, middleName=null, lastName=GAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311350384501817451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350384371794024, language=CN, stringName=高愉斐, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350383566487635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383574876244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383587459157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004)])]), Author(id=1311350384581509229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1311350384665395311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350384581509229, language=EN, stringName=Sha-sha SONG, firstName=Sha-sha, middleName=null, lastName=SONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311350384732504176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350384581509229, language=CN, stringName=宋沙莎, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350383566487635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383574876244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383587459157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004)])]), Author(id=1311350384812195954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1072861385@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1311350384900276340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350384812195954, language=EN, stringName=Ying LANG, firstName=Ying, middleName=null, lastName=LANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311350384967385205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350384812195954, language=CN, stringName=郎颖, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350383566487635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383574876244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383587459157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1311350385068048502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Middle-aged and elderly people), Keyword(id=1311350385126768759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Utilization of health services), Keyword(id=1311350385193877624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Andersen model), Keyword(id=1311350385252597881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=CHAID model), Keyword(id=1311350385311318138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=Influencing factors), Keyword(id=1311350385382621307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=中老年人), Keyword(id=1311350385491673212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=卫生服务利用), Keyword(id=1311350385558782077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=Andersen模型), Keyword(id=1311350385634279550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=决策树模型), Keyword(id=1311350385701388415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=影响因素)], refs=[Reference(id=1311350387098091660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=381, issue=9882, pageStart=1987, pageEnd=2015, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Yang GH, Wang Y, Zeng YX, journalName=Lancet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang GH, Wang Y, Zeng YX, et al. Rapid health transition in China, 1990-2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010[J]. Lancet, 2013, 381(9882): 1987-2015., articleTitle=Rapid health transition in China, 1990-2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350387190366349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=21, issue=2, pageStart=165, pageEnd=170, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=曾志超, 邓清文, 卢俊红, journalName=南京医科大学学报(社会科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=曾志超,邓清文,卢俊红,等.中老年人门诊和住院服务利用影响因素的比较研究[J].南京医科大学学报(社会科学版),2021,21(2):165-170., articleTitle=中老年人门诊和住院服务利用影响因素的比较研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350387278446734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=21, issue=2, pageStart=165, pageEnd=170, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Zeng ZC, Deng QW, Lu JH, journalName=Journal of Nanjing Medical University (Social Sciences), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zeng ZC, Deng QW, Lu JH, et al. Comparative study on the influencing factors of outpatient and inpatient service utilization of middle-aged and elderly people[J]. Journal of Nanjing Medical University (Social Sciences), 2021, 21(2): 165-170.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Comparative study on the influencing factors of outpatient and inpatient service utilization of middle-aged and elderly people, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350387358138511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=50, issue=13, pageStart=2389, pageEnd=2395, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=崔亚男, 宫春博, 王文燕, journalName=现代预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=崔亚男,宫春博,王文燕,等.中老年慢性病患者卫生服务利用影响因素分析——基于CHARLS数据实证分析[J].现代预防医学,2023,50(13):2389-2395., articleTitle=中老年慢性病患者卫生服务利用影响因素分析——基于CHARLS数据实证分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350387429441680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=50, issue=13, pageStart=2389, pageEnd=2395, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Cui YN, Gong CB, Wang WY, journalName=Modern Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cui YN, Gong CB, Wang WY, et al. Analysis on influencing factors of health service utilization in middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic diseases: an empirical analysis based on CHARLS data[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2023, 50(13): 2389-2395.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis on influencing factors of health service utilization in middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic diseases: an empirical analysis based on CHARLS data, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350387513327761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=25, issue=31, pageStart=3914, pageEnd=3922, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=高保锴, 虎昭言, 王文龙, journalName=中国全科医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高保锴,虎昭言,王文龙,等.基于零膨胀及其相关模型的宁夏南部山区居民年住院次数影响因素研究[J].中国全科医学,2022,25(31):3914-3922., articleTitle=基于零膨胀及其相关模型的宁夏南部山区居民年住院次数影响因素研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350387576242322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=25, issue=31, pageStart=3914, pageEnd=3922, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Gao BK, Hu ZY, Wang WL, journalName=Chinese General Practice, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gao BK, Hu ZY, Wang WL, et al. Factors influencing the annual number of hospitalizations in mountain residents from southern Ningxia: an analysis based on zero-inflation concept and zero-inflated models[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2022, 25(31): 3914-3922.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Factors influencing the annual number of hospitalizations in mountain residents from southern Ningxia: an analysis based on zero-inflation concept and zero-inflated models, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350387655934099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=20, issue=1, pageStart=553, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Fan GR, Deng ZH, Wu X, journalName=BMC Health Services Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fan GR, Deng ZH, Wu X, et al. Medical insurance and health Equity in health service utilization among the middle-aged and older adults in China: a quantile regression approach[J]. BMC Health Services Research, 2020, 20(1): 553., articleTitle=Medical insurance and health Equity in health service utilization among the middle-aged and older adults in China: a quantile regression approach, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350387727237268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=3, issue=2, pageStart=144, pageEnd=176, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Fletcher JM, Frisvold DE, journalName=Journal of Human Capital, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fletcher JM, Frisvold DE. Higher education and health investments: does more schooling affect preventive health care use?[J]. Journal of Human Capital, 2009, 3(2): 144-176., articleTitle=Higher education and health investments: does more schooling affect preventive health care use?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350387790151829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=66, issue=9, pageStart=1951, pageEnd=1962, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Roy K, Chaudhuri A, journalName=Social Science & Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Roy K, Chaudhuri A. Influence of socioeconomic status, wealth and financial empowerment on gender differences in health and healthcare utilization in later life: evidence from India[J]. Social Science & Medicine, 2008, 66(9): 1951-1962., articleTitle=Influence of socioeconomic status, wealth and financial empowerment on gender differences in health and healthcare utilization in later life: evidence from India, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350387865649302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=2, pageStart=186, pageEnd=191, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=10, authorNames=阙霜, 曾雁冰, 方亚, journalName=中国卫生统计, refType=null, unstructuredReference=阙霜,曾雁冰,方亚.基于logistic回归与决策树模型的社会资本对老年人自评健康的影响研究[J].中国卫生统计,2022,39(2):186-191., articleTitle=基于logistic回归与决策树模型的社会资本对老年人自评健康的影响研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350387962118295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=2, pageStart=186, pageEnd=191, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Que S, Zeng YB, Fang Y, journalName=Chinese Journal of Health Statistics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Que S, Zeng YB, Fang Y. The impact of social capital on elderly self-rated health based on logistic regression and decision tree model[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Statistics, 2022, 39(2): 186-191.(In Chinese), articleTitle=The impact of social capital on elderly self-rated health based on logistic regression and decision tree model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350388058587288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=22, issue=1, pageStart=949, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Rahaman M, Chouhan P, Roy A, journalName=BMC Geriatrics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rahaman M, Chouhan P, Roy A, et al. Examining the predictors of healthcare facility choice for outpatient care among older adults in India using Andersen’s revised healthcare utilization framework model[J]. BMC Geriatrics, 2022, 22(1): 949., articleTitle=Examining the predictors of healthcare facility choice for outpatient care among older adults in India using Andersen’s revised healthcare utilization framework model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350388121501849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=26, issue=2, pageStart=169, pageEnd=174, 199, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=13, authorNames=赵蔓, 刘运铎, 徐超凡, journalName=中华疾病控制杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵蔓,刘运铎,徐超凡,等.住所自来水可及性与中老年人慢性病的关联[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2022,26(2):169-174, 199., articleTitle=住所自来水可及性与中老年人慢性病的关联, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350388192805018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=26, issue=2, pageStart=169, pageEnd=174, 199, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Zhao M, Liu YD, Xu CF, journalName=Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao M, Liu YD, Xu CF, et al. Study on the association of residence tap water access and chronic diseases in middle-aged and elderly people[J]. Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention, 2022, 26(2): 169-174, 199.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Study on the association of residence tap water access and chronic diseases in middle-aged and elderly people, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350388289274011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=4, pageEnd=10, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=15, authorNames=薛薇, journalName=统计与信息论坛, refType=null, unstructuredReference=薛薇.数据挖掘中的决策树技术及其应用[J].统计与信息论坛,2002,(2):4-10., articleTitle=数据挖掘中的决策树技术及其应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350388368965788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=4, pageEnd=10, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Xue W, journalName=Statistics & Information Forum, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xue W. Decision tree technology and its application in data mining[J]. Statistics & Information Forum, 2002, (2): 4-10.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Decision tree technology and its application in data mining, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350388427686045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=2, pageStart=86, pageEnd=90, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=17, authorNames=韩晖, 苏玲, 潘宝骏, journalName=海峡预防医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=韩晖,苏玲,潘宝骏.用SPSS软件包快速绘制ROC曲线并决定敏感性、特异性截断点的方法[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2022,28(2):86-90., articleTitle=用SPSS软件包快速绘制ROC曲线并决定敏感性、特异性截断点的方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350388494794910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=2, pageStart=86, pageEnd=90, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Han H, Su L, Pan BJ, journalName=Strait Journal of Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Han H, Su L, Pan BJ. Drawing ROC curve quickly and determining the cutoff point of sensitivity and specificity by using SPSS package[J]. Strait Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2022, 28(2): 86-90.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Drawing ROC curve quickly and determining the cutoff point of sensitivity and specificity by using SPSS package, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350388561903775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=25, issue=19, pageStart=2371, pageEnd=2378, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=19, authorNames=范潇茹, 陈莎, 施予宁, journalName=中国全科医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=范潇茹,陈莎,施予宁,等.我国中老年人慢性病共病现状及其对卫生服务利用和医疗费用的影响研究[J].中国全科医学,2022,25(19):2371-2378., articleTitle=我国中老年人慢性病共病现状及其对卫生服务利用和医疗费用的影响研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350388633206944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=25, issue=19, pageStart=2371, pageEnd=2378, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Fan XR, Chen S, Shi YN, journalName=Chinese General Practice, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fan XR, Chen S, Shi YN, et al. Multimorbidity prevalence and its association with health service utilization and medical costs among middle-aged and older Chinese people[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2022, 25(19): 2371-2378.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Multimorbidity prevalence and its association with health service utilization and medical costs among middle-aged and older Chinese people, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350388696121505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=21, authorNames=党媛媛, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=党媛媛.健康老龄化视域下我国老年人医疗服务利用影响因素研究[D].银川:宁夏医科大学,2022., articleTitle=健康老龄化视域下我国老年人医疗服务利用影响因素研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350388859699362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Dang YY, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dang YY. Study on the factors influencing the utilization of medical care services for the elderly in China from the perspective of healthy aging[D].Yinchuan: Ningxia Medical University, 2022.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Study on the factors influencing the utilization of medical care services for the elderly in China from the perspective of healthy aging, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350388939391139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=6, pageStart=65, pageEnd=74, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=23, authorNames=庞琳, 井坤娟, 尹园园, journalName=医学研究与教育, refType=null, unstructuredReference=庞琳,井坤娟,尹园园,等.河北省农村老年人医疗服务利用及影响因素[J].医学研究与教育,2022,39(6):65-74., articleTitle=河北省农村老年人医疗服务利用及影响因素, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350389040054436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=6, pageStart=65, pageEnd=74, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Pang L, Jing KJ, Yin YY, journalName=Medical Research and Education, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pang L, Jing KJ, Yin YY, et al. Utilization and influencing factors of health services for the elderly in rural areas of Hebei province[J]. Medical Research and Education, 2022, 39(6): 65-74.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Utilization and influencing factors of health services for the elderly in rural areas of Hebei province, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350389102968997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=40, issue=6, pageStart=725, pageEnd=728, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=25, authorNames=刘莹, 宁宁, 王璐, journalName=中国社会医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘莹,宁宁,王璐.新冠疫情背景下公众医疗卫生服务利用情况及影响因素研究[J].中国社会医学杂志,2023,40(6):725-728., articleTitle=新冠疫情背景下公众医疗卫生服务利用情况及影响因素研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350389182660774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=40, issue=6, pageStart=725, pageEnd=728, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Liu Y, Ning N, Wang L, journalName=Chinese Journal of Social Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Y, Ning N, Wang L. Analysis on utilization and influencing factors of public medical and health services during the COVID-19 pandemic[J]. Chinese Journal of Social Medicine, 2023, 40(6): 725-728.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis on utilization and influencing factors of public medical and health services during the COVID-19 pandemic, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350389237186727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=101, pageEnd=118, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=27, authorNames=吴旭红, 谢舒婕, journalName=电子政务, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴旭红,谢舒婕.互联网使用、老年人健康与适老化应对——基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)的实证研究[J].电子政务,2024,(5):101-118., articleTitle=互联网使用、老年人健康与适老化应对——基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)的实证研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350390843605160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=101, pageEnd=118, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Wu XH, Xie SJ, journalName=E-Government, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu XH, Xie SJ. Internet use, elderly health and aging-adaptation responses: an empirical study based on China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS)[J]. E-Government, 2024, (5): 101-118.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Internet use, elderly health and aging-adaptation responses: an empirical study based on China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS), refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1311350386867404938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, awardId=XZ2024026, language=CN, fundingSource=宁夏医科大学校级课题(XZ2024026), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1311350386955485323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, awardId=2025CXTD026, language=CN, fundingSource=宁夏回族自治区人群健康多维风险监测评估与精准干预技术研发科技创新团队(2025CXTD026), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350383566487635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383574876244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383587459157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350383650373718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383658762327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383650373718, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.南开大学周恩来政府管理学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311350385843994752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Analysis chart of health service utilization in outpatient clinics for the elderly based on decision tree (CHAID), figureFileSmall=tggzUBwOqO6lO351whs3OQ==, figureFileBig=IPweX8Ds9xHH5r4KbdeAGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350385944658049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基于决策树(CHAID)的中老年人门诊卫生服务利用分析图, figureFileSmall=tggzUBwOqO6lO351whs3OQ==, figureFileBig=IPweX8Ds9xHH5r4KbdeAGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350386171150466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Analysis chart of hospitalized health service utilization by middle-aged and elderly based on decision tree (CHAID), figureFileSmall=4cPXxIitVA1lq0nyzNYaQw==, figureFileBig=a0YmydPt/7bJXNUz543pwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350386263425155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, language=CN, label=图2, caption=基于决策树(CHAID)的中老年人住院卫生服务利用分析图, figureFileSmall=4cPXxIitVA1lq0nyzNYaQw==, figureFileBig=a0YmydPt/7bJXNUz543pwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350386338922628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=ROC curves of the logistic regression model and the decision tree model, figureFileSmall=6lFzX/GC+GDh/dWFHR38zA==, figureFileBig=opy1BZSTNzTic7TwkRuCGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350386401837189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Logistic回归模型和决策树模型的ROC曲线

注:A为门诊ROC曲线,B为住院ROC曲线。

, figureFileSmall=6lFzX/GC+GDh/dWFHR38zA==, figureFileBig=opy1BZSTNzTic7TwkRuCGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350386464751750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Variable names and assignments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量维度变量名称赋值说明
因变量门诊服务利用0=否,1=是(过去一个月是否利用门诊)
住院服务利用0=否,1=是(过去一年是否利用住院)
倾向因素性别0=男,1=女
年龄1=45~59岁,2=60~69岁,3=70~79岁,4=≥80岁
户口类型0=非农业,1=农业
受教育程度1=小学及以下,2=初中,3=高中/中专,4=大专及以上
婚姻状况0=不在婚(未婚/离异/丧偶),1=在婚
使能因素参保类型1=城镇职工,2=城镇居民,3=其他
家庭医疗支出按五分位分组:Ⅰ(最低)~Ⅴ(最高)
个人年收入同上
疫情期间看病是否受影响0=否,1=是(反映就医障碍)
过去一个月是否上网0=否,1=是(反映信息资源可及性)
需求因素自评健康状况1=不好,2=一般,3=好
慢性病数量0=0种,1=1种,2=≥2种
是否吸烟0=否,1=是
是否饮酒0=否,1=是
ADL是否受损0=否,1=是
IADL是否受损0=否,1=是
生活满意度0=不满意,1=满意
环境因素是否有自来水0=否,1=是(反映外部环境对健康风险的影响[10] )
), ArticleFig(id=1311350386552832135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

变量名称与赋值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量维度变量名称赋值说明
因变量门诊服务利用0=否,1=是(过去一个月是否利用门诊)
住院服务利用0=否,1=是(过去一年是否利用住院)
倾向因素性别0=男,1=女
年龄1=45~59岁,2=60~69岁,3=70~79岁,4=≥80岁
户口类型0=非农业,1=农业
受教育程度1=小学及以下,2=初中,3=高中/中专,4=大专及以上
婚姻状况0=不在婚(未婚/离异/丧偶),1=在婚
使能因素参保类型1=城镇职工,2=城镇居民,3=其他
家庭医疗支出按五分位分组:Ⅰ(最低)~Ⅴ(最高)
个人年收入同上
疫情期间看病是否受影响0=否,1=是(反映就医障碍)
过去一个月是否上网0=否,1=是(反映信息资源可及性)
需求因素自评健康状况1=不好,2=一般,3=好
慢性病数量0=0种,1=1种,2=≥2种
是否吸烟0=否,1=是
是否饮酒0=否,1=是
ADL是否受损0=否,1=是
IADL是否受损0=否,1=是
生活满意度0=不满意,1=满意
环境因素是否有自来水0=否,1=是(反映外部环境对健康风险的影响[10] )
), ArticleFig(id=1311350386636718216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The results of the stratified binary logistic regression analysis of the usage of outpatient and inpatient services (n=5 054)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分组变量(参照组)模型四(门诊)模型四(住院)
OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值
常数项-0.505(0.267~0.954)c0.0350.281(0.140~0.564)a<0.001
倾向因素
性别(男)
女0.985(0.846~1.147)0.8470.980(0.832~1.155)0.808
年龄(45~59岁)
60~69岁1.188(1.007~1.401)c0.0411.107(0.923~1.328)0.274
70~79岁0.871(0.689~1.100)0.2461.292(1.017~1.641)c0.036
≥80岁1.122(0.772~1.630)0.5461.476(1.005~2.169)c0.047
户口类型(非农业)
农业户口1.122(0.899~1.399)0.3081.045(0.819~1.333)0.722
受教育程度(小学及以下)
初中0.992(0.823~1.197)0.9361.048(0.855~1.284)0.651
高中/中专0.915(0.711~1.178)0.4920.981(0.747~1.289)0.892
大专及以上1.109(0.628~1.957)0.7221.290(0.721~2.307)0.391
婚姻状况(不在婚)
在婚0.971(0.779~1.210)0.7920.906(0.718~1.142)0.404
使能因素
参保类型(其他)
城镇职工医保0.577(0.361~0.923)c0.0220.982(0.589~1.637)0.944
城镇居民医保0.671(0.425~1.058)0.0860.763(0.461~1.260)0.290
家庭医疗支出(Ⅰ级)
家庭医疗支出Ⅱ级0.966(0.778~1.198)0.7500.943(0.744~1.195)0.626
家庭医疗支出Ⅲ级0.896(0.703~1.142)0.3761.010(0.777~1.314)0.939
家庭医疗支出Ⅳ级0.960(0.768~1.199)0.7181.032(0.810~1.314)0.800
家庭医疗支出Ⅴ级0.915(0.733~1.144)0.4371.048(0.824~1.332)0.705
个人年收入(Ⅰ级)
个人年收入Ⅱ级0.978(0.697~1.372)0.8970.800(0.541~1.184)0.266
个人年收入Ⅲ级1.028(0.742~1.423)0.8700.726(0.495~1.065)0.101
个人年收入Ⅳ级0.976(0.704~1.353)0.8841.063(0.753~1.502)0.727
个人年收入Ⅴ级1.170(0.850~1.610)0.3351.038(0.727~1.480)0.839
疫情期间看病是否受影响(否)
是2.755(2.292~3.313)a<0.0011.657(1.351~2.031)a<0.001
过去一月是否上网(否)
是1.198(1.025~1.401)c0.0230.776(0.653~0.922)b0.004
需求因素
自评健康状况(不好)
一般0.310(0.242~0.397)a<0.0010.238(0.182~0.311)a<0.001
好0.611(0.512~0.730)a<0.0010.400(0.331~0.482)a<0.001
慢性病数量(0种)
1种1.510(1.272~1.794)a<0.0011.628(1.352~1.959)a<0.001
≥2种2.288(1.877~2.790)a<0.0012.410(1.957~2.967)a<0.001
是否吸烟(否)
是0.656(0.406~1.058)0.0841.022(0.641~1.630)0.926
是否饮酒(否)
是0.848(0.704~1.021)0.0831.054(0.863~1.287)0.608
ADL是否受损(否)
是1.181(0.975~1.431)0.0891.071(0.876~1.309)0.505
IADL是否受损(否)
是0.973(0.801~1.183)0.7871.346(1.103~1.643)b0.003
生活满意度(不满意)
满意0.997(0.799~1.244)0.9801.078(0.853~1.362)0.531
环境因素
是否有自来水(否)
是0.739(0.584~0.937)c0.0121.163(0.882~1.533)0.286
), ArticleFig(id=1311350386766741641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

门诊、住院服务使用情况的分层二元logistic回归分析结果(n=5 054)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分组变量(参照组)模型四(门诊)模型四(住院)
OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值
常数项-0.505(0.267~0.954)c0.0350.281(0.140~0.564)a<0.001
倾向因素
性别(男)
女0.985(0.846~1.147)0.8470.980(0.832~1.155)0.808
年龄(45~59岁)
60~69岁1.188(1.007~1.401)c0.0411.107(0.923~1.328)0.274
70~79岁0.871(0.689~1.100)0.2461.292(1.017~1.641)c0.036
≥80岁1.122(0.772~1.630)0.5461.476(1.005~2.169)c0.047
户口类型(非农业)
农业户口1.122(0.899~1.399)0.3081.045(0.819~1.333)0.722
受教育程度(小学及以下)
初中0.992(0.823~1.197)0.9361.048(0.855~1.284)0.651
高中/中专0.915(0.711~1.178)0.4920.981(0.747~1.289)0.892
大专及以上1.109(0.628~1.957)0.7221.290(0.721~2.307)0.391
婚姻状况(不在婚)
在婚0.971(0.779~1.210)0.7920.906(0.718~1.142)0.404
使能因素
参保类型(其他)
城镇职工医保0.577(0.361~0.923)c0.0220.982(0.589~1.637)0.944
城镇居民医保0.671(0.425~1.058)0.0860.763(0.461~1.260)0.290
家庭医疗支出(Ⅰ级)
家庭医疗支出Ⅱ级0.966(0.778~1.198)0.7500.943(0.744~1.195)0.626
家庭医疗支出Ⅲ级0.896(0.703~1.142)0.3761.010(0.777~1.314)0.939
家庭医疗支出Ⅳ级0.960(0.768~1.199)0.7181.032(0.810~1.314)0.800
家庭医疗支出Ⅴ级0.915(0.733~1.144)0.4371.048(0.824~1.332)0.705
个人年收入(Ⅰ级)
个人年收入Ⅱ级0.978(0.697~1.372)0.8970.800(0.541~1.184)0.266
个人年收入Ⅲ级1.028(0.742~1.423)0.8700.726(0.495~1.065)0.101
个人年收入Ⅳ级0.976(0.704~1.353)0.8841.063(0.753~1.502)0.727
个人年收入Ⅴ级1.170(0.850~1.610)0.3351.038(0.727~1.480)0.839
疫情期间看病是否受影响(否)
是2.755(2.292~3.313)a<0.0011.657(1.351~2.031)a<0.001
过去一月是否上网(否)
是1.198(1.025~1.401)c0.0230.776(0.653~0.922)b0.004
需求因素
自评健康状况(不好)
一般0.310(0.242~0.397)a<0.0010.238(0.182~0.311)a<0.001
好0.611(0.512~0.730)a<0.0010.400(0.331~0.482)a<0.001
慢性病数量(0种)
1种1.510(1.272~1.794)a<0.0011.628(1.352~1.959)a<0.001
≥2种2.288(1.877~2.790)a<0.0012.410(1.957~2.967)a<0.001
是否吸烟(否)
是0.656(0.406~1.058)0.0841.022(0.641~1.630)0.926
是否饮酒(否)
是0.848(0.704~1.021)0.0831.054(0.863~1.287)0.608
ADL是否受损(否)
是1.181(0.975~1.431)0.0891.071(0.876~1.309)0.505
IADL是否受损(否)
是0.973(0.801~1.183)0.7871.346(1.103~1.643)b0.003
生活满意度(不满意)
满意0.997(0.799~1.244)0.9801.078(0.853~1.362)0.531
环境因素
是否有自来水(否)
是0.739(0.584~0.937)c0.0121.163(0.882~1.533)0.286
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1227664546253402114, delFlag=0, nameCn=现代预防医学, nameEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1003-8507, eissn=null, cn=51-1365/R, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1770627636734, updatedTime=1788949112281, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=X, firstLetterEn=X, subjectCode=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, picEn=/9iTl8/ndms4tBz1fL28Pg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1304510385713861624, language=CN, name=现代预防医学, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788949112585, updatedTime=1788949112585, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/regist, submissionEditorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionReviewUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304510385772581881, language=EN, name=Modern Preventive Medicine, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788949112599, updatedTime=1788949112599, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/regist, submissionEditorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionReviewUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1227665162245664772, websiteList=[Website(id=1227687234141352800, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1227665162245664772, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN, language=CN, createTime=1770633045945, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770633090526, updateBy=18614031015, name=现代预防医学-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=现代预防医学, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1227687735088051072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770633165380, updateTime=1770633165380, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735071273853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770633165376, updateTime=1770633165376, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735113216899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165386, updateTime=1770633165386, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735062885244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/file/pic?fileId=/XB5plC0xuykmQnycvtyrw==, createTime=1770633165374, updateTime=1770633165374, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735125799813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165389, updateTime=1770633165389, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735083856767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/file/pic, createTime=1770633165379, updateTime=1770633165379, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735121605508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165388, updateTime=1770633165388, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735079662462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1770633165378, updateTime=1770633165378, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735096439681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770633165382, updateTime=1770633165382, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735104828290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770633165384, updateTime=1770633165384, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1227687234338485094, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1227665162245664772, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN, language=EN, createTime=1770633045992, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770633115374, updateBy=18614031015, name=现代预防医学-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Modern Preventive Medicine, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1227687709129507332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770633159191, updateTime=1770633159191, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709108535809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770633159186, updateTime=1770633159186, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709167256071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159200, updateTime=1770633159200, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709095952896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/file/pic?fileId=/XB5plC0xuykmQnycvtyrw==, createTime=1770633159183, updateTime=1770633159183, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709179838985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159203, updateTime=1770633159203, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709121118723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/file/pic, createTime=1770633159189, updateTime=1770633159189, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709171450376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159201, updateTime=1770633159201, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709112730114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1770633159187, updateTime=1770633159187, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709133701637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770633159192, updateTime=1770633159192, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709154673158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770633159197, updateTime=1770633159197, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=现代预防医学, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, journalPhotoCn=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, journalPhotoEn=/9iTl8/ndms4tBz1fL28Pg==, journalFirstLetter=X, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603081, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603081, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/PDF/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603081, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/PDF/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603081, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1787587200000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于logistic回归与决策树模型的我国中老年人卫生服务利用影响因素研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
姚如玉 1 , 锁忠花 2 , 郭相明 1 , 高愉斐 1 , 宋沙莎 1 , 郎颖 1
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2026,53(16): 2987-2994
收起
收藏切换
现代预防医学 |卫生政策与管理 2026 , 53 (16) : 2987 -2994
基于logistic回归与决策树模型的我国中老年人卫生服务利用影响因素研究
全屏
[Author(id=1311350383725871193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1311350383801368667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350383725871193, language=EN, stringName=Ru-yu YAO, firstName=Ru-yu, middleName=null, lastName=YAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311350383864283228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350383725871193, language=CN, stringName=姚如玉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004, bio={"content":"

姚如玉(2002—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与卫生经济

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

姚如玉(2002—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与卫生经济

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350383566487635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383574876244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383587459157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004)])]), Author(id=1311350383931392094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1311350384006889568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350383931392094, language=EN, stringName=Zhong-hua SUO, firstName=Zhong-hua, middleName=null, lastName=SUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311350384090775649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350383931392094, language=CN, stringName=锁忠花, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.南开大学周恩来政府管理学院, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350383650373718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383658762327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383650373718, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.南开大学周恩来政府管理学院)])]), Author(id=1311350384157884515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1311350384250159205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350384157884515, language=EN, stringName=Xiang-ming GUO, firstName=Xiang-ming, middleName=null, lastName=GUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311350384308879462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350384157884515, language=CN, stringName=郭相明, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350383566487635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383574876244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383587459157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004)])]), Author(id=1311350384371794024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1311350384434708586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350384371794024, language=EN, stringName=Yu-fei GAO, firstName=Yu-fei, middleName=null, lastName=GAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311350384501817451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350384371794024, language=CN, stringName=高愉斐, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350383566487635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383574876244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383587459157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004)])]), Author(id=1311350384581509229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1311350384665395311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350384581509229, language=EN, stringName=Sha-sha SONG, firstName=Sha-sha, middleName=null, lastName=SONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311350384732504176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350384581509229, language=CN, stringName=宋沙莎, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350383566487635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383574876244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383587459157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004)])]), Author(id=1311350384812195954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1072861385@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1311350384900276340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350384812195954, language=EN, stringName=Ying LANG, firstName=Ying, middleName=null, lastName=LANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311350384967385205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, authorId=1311350384812195954, language=CN, stringName=郎颖, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350383566487635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383574876244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350383587459157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350382002012234, companyId=1311350383566487635, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004)])])]
姚如玉1, 锁忠花2, 郭相明1, 高愉斐1, 宋沙莎1, 郎颖1
作者信息
  • 1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004
  • 2.南开大学周恩来政府管理学院
通讯作者:
郎颖,E-mail:
作者简介:

姚如玉(2002—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与卫生经济

Influencing factors of health service utilization by middle-aged and elderly people in China based on logistic regression and decision tree models
Ru-yu YAO1, Zhong-hua SUO2, Xiang-ming GUO1, Yu-fei GAO1, Sha-sha SONG1, Ying LANG1
Affiliations
  • School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
出版时间: 2026-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603081
文章导航
收藏切换
目的

基于Andersen模型,分析我国中老年人门诊与住院服务利用的影响因素。

方法

基于2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据库,以≥45岁中老年人为研究对象,采用χ2检验、二元logistic回归和CHAID决策树进行影响因素预测。

结果

中老年人门诊就诊率20.32%,住院率16.78%。logistic回归显示,门诊利用的主要影响因素:自评健康(一般OR=0.310,95%CI:0.242~0.397或好OR=0.611,95%CI:0.512~0.730)、慢性病数量(≥2种OR=2.288,95%CI:1.877~2.790或患1种OR=1.510,95%CI:1.272~1.794)、疫情期间看病受影响(OR=2.755,95%CI:2.292~3.313),城镇职工医保(OR=0.577,95%CI:0.361~0.923)、过去一个月上网(OR=1.198,95%CI:1.025~1.401)、年龄60~69岁(OR=1.188,95%CI:1.007~1.401)、有自来水者(OR=0.739,95%CI:0.584~0.937)。住院利用的主要影响因素:自评健康(一般OR=0.238,95%CI:0.182~0.311或好OR=0.400,95%CI:0.331~0.482)、慢性病数量(≥2种OR=2.410,95%CI:1.957~2.967或患1种OR=1.628,95%CI:1.352~1.959)、IADL受损(OR=1.346,95%CI:1.103~1.643)、疫情期间看病受影响(OR=1.657,95%CI:1.351~2.031)、近一个月上网(OR=0.776,95%CI:0.653~0.922)、高龄(70~79岁OR=1.292,95%CI:1.017~1.641;≥80岁OR=1.476,95%CI:1.005~2.169)。CHAID决策树进一步揭示,疫情期间看病受影响是门诊利用的首要分层因素,自评健康是住院利用的首要分层因素。两种模型均展现良好预测性能,ROC曲线下面积值相近。

结论

logistic回归与CHAID决策树可互补分析卫生服务利用的影响机制。政策应聚焦自评健康不佳、慢性病共病、IADL受损及高龄老年人,建立突发公共卫生事件下的老年医疗服务保障机制。

中老年人  /  卫生服务利用  /  Andersen模型  /  决策树模型  /  影响因素
Objective

To analyzes the influencing factors of outpatient and inpatient service utilization among middle-aged and elderly people in China based on the Andersen model.

Methods

Using the 2020 Chinese Health and Aging Tracking Survey Database as the basis, the study focused on middle-aged and elderly individuals aged 45 and above. Chi-square test, binary logistic regression, and CHAID decision tree were employed to predict the influencing factors.

Results

The outpatient utilization rate among middle-aged and elderly people was 20.32%, and the inpatient utilization rate was 16.78%. Logistic regression showed that the main influencing factors for outpatient utilization were self-assessed health (general OR=0.310, 95%CI: 0.242-0.397 or good OR=0.611, 95%CI: 0.512-0.730), the number of chronic diseases (≥ 2 types OR=2.288, 95%CI: 1.877-2.790 or having 1 type OR=1.510, 95%CI: 1.272-1.794), and being affected by medical treatment during the epidemic (OR=2.755, 95%CI: 2.292-3.313). Urban employee medical insurance (OR=0.577, 95%CI: 0.361-0.923), having internet access in the past month (OR=1.198, 95%CI: 1.025-1.401), age 60-69 years old (OR=1.188, 95%CI: 1.007-1.401), and having running water (OR=0.739, 95%CI: 0.584-0.937). The main influencing factors for inpatient utilization were self-assessed health (general OR=0.238, 95%CI: 0.182-0.311 or good OR=0.400, 95%CI: 0.331-0.482), the number of chronic diseases (≥ 2 types OR=2.410, 95%CI: 1.957-2.967 or having 1 type OR=1.628, 95%CI: 1.352-1.959), IADL impairment (OR=1.346, 95%CI: 1.103-1.643), being affected by medical treatment during the epidemic (OR=1.657, 95%CI: 1.351-2.031), having internet access in the past month (OR=0.776, 95%CI: 0.653-0.922), and being elderly (70-79 years old OR=1.292, 95%CI: 1.017-1.641; ≥ 80 years old OR=1.476, 95%CI: 1.005-2.169). The CHAID decision tree further revealed that being affected by medical treatment during the epidemic was the primary stratification factor for outpatient utilization, and self-assessed health was the primary stratification factor for inpatient utilization. Both models demonstrated good predictive performance, with similar values of the area under the ROC curve.

Conclusion

Logistic regression and CHAID decision tree can complementarily analyze the influencing mechanisms of health service utilization. Policies should focus on middle-aged and elderly people with poor self-assessed health, chronic disease comorbidity, IADL impairment, and high age, and establish a medical service guarantee mechanism for the elderly in the event of a public health emergency.

Middle-aged and elderly people  /  Utilization of health services  /  Andersen model  /  CHAID model  /  Influencing factors
姚如玉, 锁忠花, 郭相明, 高愉斐, 宋沙莎, 郎颖. 基于logistic回归与决策树模型的我国中老年人卫生服务利用影响因素研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (16) : 2987 -2994 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603081
Ru-yu YAO, Zhong-hua SUO, Xiang-ming GUO, Yu-fei GAO, Sha-sha SONG, Ying LANG. Influencing factors of health service utilization by middle-aged and elderly people in China based on logistic regression and decision tree models[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (16) : 2987 -2994 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603081
人口老龄化背景下,中老年人是慢性病高发群体,其卫生服务利用状况不仅关系到个体健康结局,也深刻影响医疗资源配置与健康老龄化战略的实施效果。为系统解释卫生服务利用的影响因素,Andersen模型被广泛采用。大量基于该模型的研究证实:需求因素是服务利用的最强预测因素[1–3];使能因素也发挥着重要作用[4-5];而倾向因素的影响则存在一定差异[6-7]。
既往研究存在一些值得深化的问题:研究方法上,多数研究依赖logistic回归等传统模型,虽然能够估计各因素的独立净效应,但难以捕捉变量之间可能存在的非线性交互关系与多层次决策结构。决策树模型(CHAID)能够弥补这一不足,可自动挖掘因素之间的交互作用并展示优先级。两种方法的结合已在部分研究中应用,如阙霜等[8]探讨社会资本对老年人自评健康的影响,但系统应用于中老年人卫生服务利用的研究仍然有限。理论应用上,多数研究Andersen模型的应用偏静态,对突发公共卫生事件这一外部冲击关注不足。COVID-19疫情显著改变了居民医疗服务可及性与就医行为。2020年CHARLS问卷专门询问了“疫情期间看病是否受影响”,为研究这一冲击提供了直接变量。
基于上述分析,在Andersen模型框架[9]下,以2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据为基础,引入突发公共卫生事件变量,采用二元logistic回归与CHAID决策树相结合的互补分析方法,系统比较中老年人群门诊与住院服务利用的影响因素及差异,为精准识别高风险群体、优化医疗卫生资源配置以及制定更具针对性的健康老龄化政策提供实证依据。
采用2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,该数据库覆盖了28个省(自治区、直辖市)、150个县、450个社区(村),共计19 395名受访者。纳入标准:年龄≥45岁、关键变量无缺失;排除标准:年龄<45岁或任何研究变量缺失。最终纳入5 054名中老年人进行分析。
因变量包括门诊服务利用(过去一个月是否利用门诊服务)和住院服务利用(过去一年是否利用住院服务)。基于Andersen模型,将自变量归纳四个维度:(1)倾向因素:性别、年龄、户口类型、受教育程度、婚姻状况。(2)使能因素:包括医疗保险类型、家庭医疗支出、个人年收入,疫情期间看病是否受影响;过去一个月是否上网。(3)需求因素:包括自评健康状况、慢性病数量、是否吸烟、是否饮酒、ADL是否受损、IADL是否受损、生活满意度。(4)环境因素:是否饮用自来水,具体赋值见变量表1。
采用SPSS 26.0软件。首先,采用χ2检验进行单因素分析。其次,构建二元logistic回归模型,以门诊和住院服务利用为因变量,逐步引入倾向因素、使能因素、需求因素、环境因素,计算各变量的调整优势比(OR)及95%置信区间。模型拟合优度采用Nagelkerke R2评价,同时采用卡方自动交互检测(CHAID)算法构建分类决策树模型[8,11],挖掘因素间的非线性交互作用和层次结构。决策树生长参数设置:父节点最小样本量400,子节点最小样本量200,分裂显著性水平α=0.05。最后通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)比较两种模型的预测性能,AUC值越大表示判别能力越强[12]。
共纳入5 054名中老年人,门诊就诊率20.32%,住院率16.78%。倾向特征方面,女性占52.97%,男性占47.03%。年龄以45~69岁(80.31%)为主。文化程度小学及以下占61.50%。在婚者占85.34%,农业户口占75.01%。使能因素方面,城镇职工医保占15.75%。疫情期间看病受影响者占13.38%,过去一个月上网者占43.39%。需求因素方面,自评健康“一般”和“不好”合计73.49%。患1种及以上慢性病者占37.06%。ADL受损率为21.86%,IADL受损率为22.71%。生活满意者为89.12%。环境因素方面,有自来水者占90.72%。单因素分析显示(表略),门诊利用与年龄、疫情期间看病受影响、自评健康、慢性病数量、饮酒、ADL受损、IADL受损、生活满意度、自来水可及性等因素的组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);住院利用与年龄、疫情期间看病受影响、上网、自评健康、慢性病数量、饮酒、ADL受损、IADL受损、生活满意度等因素的组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
(1)门诊服务利用:构建四个分层二元logistic回归模型逐步纳入倾向、使能、需求、环境因素。模型的拟合优度Nagelkerke R2从模型一的0.003上升至模型四的0.147 2,加入需求因素后增幅最大,提示需求因素是门诊服务利用的核心解释维度。模型四结果显示(表2),需求因素中,以自评健康“不好”为参照,自评健康“一般”和“好”均与更低的门诊利用相关、患有1种及以上慢性病数量门诊利用显著增加;使能因素中,城镇职工医保与较低门诊服务利用相关,疫情看病受影响、过去一个月上网与更高的门诊利用相关;倾向因素中,年龄60~69岁与更高的门诊利用相关;环境因素中,有自来水者与较低的门诊利用相关。ADL受损、IADL受损、吸烟、饮酒、生活满意度等在模型四中均未达到统计学显著水平(P>0.05)。
(2)住院服务利用:同理,模型一到模型四的拟合优度Nagelkerke R2从0.004 1上升0.162,加入需求因素后增幅最大。模型四结果显示(表2):需求因素中,自评健康“一般”和“好”与更低住院利用相关;慢性病数量≥1种增加住院利用;IADL受损与更高住院利用相关。使能因素中,疫情期间看病受影响明显增加住院利用,过去一月上网降低住院利用风险。倾向因素中,年龄70~79岁和≥80岁增加住院利用。环境因素(是否有自来水)无显著影响。吸烟、饮酒、生活满意度等在模型四中均未达到统计学显著水平(P>0.05)。
(1)门诊服务利用。CHAID树最大深度3层,共14个节点,详见图1。决策树显示,使能因素疫情期间看病是否受影响是门诊利用的首要分层因素(根节点),未受影响组的门诊就诊率为16.8%,受影响组则显著升高至43.3%。在疫情期间看病未受影响组中,下一层分裂变量为自评健康状况,进一步分为自评健康“不好”、“一般”、“好”三个子节点,门诊就诊率分别为28.7%、16.4%和8.5%,这三个节点慢性病数量进一步发挥分裂作用。在疫情期间看病受影响组中,自评健康“不好”的门诊就诊率高达50.8%。这表明,在疫情就医受阻的背景下,自评健康不佳会显著增加门诊利用。
(2)住院服务利用。CHAID树最大深度3层,共16个节点,详见图2。决策树显示,自评健康状况(需求因素)是住院利用的首要分层因素(根节点),自评健康“不好”“一般”“好”的住院率分别为33.9%、13.3%和7.1%。在自评健康的亚群中,下一层分裂变量均为慢性病数量。患有1种或2种及以上慢性病者的住院率均高于无慢性病者,其中自评健康不好组,患有≥2种慢性病亚群住院率达45.2%。在自评健康“一般”且无慢性病的亚群中,IADL是否受损(需求因素)成为进一步的分裂变量:IADL受损者的住院率显著高于未受损者。在自评健康“好”且无慢性病的亚群中,年龄成为分裂变量:该亚群中≥70岁老人的住院率1.5%,显著低于45~69岁中低龄中老年人的6.3%。这一结果与logistic回归中高龄是全人群住院服务利用独立危险因素的主效应结论形成了有效互补。
为比较logistic回归与CHAID决策树对中老年人卫生服务利用的预测性能,分别计算了两种模型的 ROC 曲线下面积(AUC),结果见图3。门诊服务利用方面,logistic回归的AUC为0.716,CHAID决策树的AUC为0.703,两者均显著大于0.5(P<0.001),两种模型均具有优于随机猜测的判别能力。住院服务利用方面,logistic回归的AUC为0.735,CHAID决策树的AUC为0.720,同样均显著大于0.5(P<0.001),判别能力处于中等水平。两种模型的AUC值接近,提示结果具有较好的一致性与稳定性。
本研究通过两种模型的互补分析发现,需求因素是中老年人卫生服务利用的主要驱动因素,倾向因素、使能因素、环境因素则呈差异化调节作用,且门诊与住院服务利用的影响因素存在异质性。
在需求因素方面,自评健康状况、慢性病数量是门诊和住院服务利用的共同重要影响因素。模型4以自评健康“不好”为参照,自评健康“一般”和“好”均与更低的服务利用相关,且自评健康“不好”者的门诊、住院利用率是健康状况良好者的3~5倍。这一发现与范潇茹等[13]的研究一致。同时,CHAID决策树将自评健康作为住院利用的首要分层因素(根节点),说明该因素在实际就医决策中具有最高的区分优先级。慢性病数量≥2种者的门诊和住院利用风险分别为无慢性病者的2.288倍和2.410倍,决策树显示慢性病数量是次级分裂变量,提示共病对服务利用的促进作用。这与崔亚男等[3]基于CHARLS数据的研究结论相吻合,该研究同样发现慢性病数量每增加1种,门诊和住院利用风险分别增加约30%和40%。
在门诊与住院服务的异质性方面,两种模型的结果相互印证。logistic回归显示,60~69岁是门诊利用的独立促进因素,而70岁及以上高龄则是住院利用的独立危险因素,提示不同年龄段的健康风险和就医行为存在差异;IADL受损仅对住院利用显著,而ADL受损在两个模型中均未达到统计学显著水平。决策树显示IADL受损成为住院利用的关键分裂变量。这一结果与党媛媛[14]的研究一致。本研究中ADL受损未达显著水平,可能与样本特征有关:ADL严重受损者可能已进入机构养老或长期照护体系,其医疗服务利用模式与社区老年人存在差异,庞琳等[15]在河北农村老年人的研究中也观察到类似现象。城镇职工医保仅对门诊利用显著,对住院利用不显著;是否饮用自来水仅对门诊利用显著(OR=0.739),对住院利用不显著。赵蔓等[10]的研究曾报道自来水可及性与中老年人慢性病患病风险相关,本研究进一步发现其与门诊利用存在关联,但作用强度相对有限。
在使能因素与环境因素方面,两种模型揭示了不同变量的作用路径。疫情期间看病受影响在两种模型中均表现突出(logisticOR=2.755/1.657,决策树中为门诊根节点),提示突发公共卫生事件对就医行为的强烈冲击,且在疫情受影响亚组中,自评健康不好者的门诊就诊率高达50.8%。刘莹等[16]在新冠疫情背景下的研究也发现,疫情期间就医受阻的慢性病患者在疫情后存在明显的服务利用“补偿效应”,本研究通过决策树进一步量化了这一效应的群体差异。互联网使用(近一个月上网)在logistic回归中对门诊利用有正向作用,对住院利用有负向作用,决策树虽未将其作为主要分裂变量,但这一方向差异提示线上咨询可能替代了部分轻症住院。吴旭红等[17]的研究同样发现,互联网使用能提升中老年人的健康管理能力和门诊服务可及性,但对住院服务的影响较为复杂。
基于本研究结果,提出改善中老年人卫生服务利用政策建议:建立突发公共卫生事件下的慢性病常规诊疗保障机制(如社区送药、线上复诊),以降低外部冲击对就医行为的影响,
推行基层多病共管模式,加强定期随访。重点关注70岁及以上高龄、IADL受损的中老年人,将IADL评估纳入年度体检,主动安排预防性住院评估,减少因功能衰退导致的急性重症住院。加强健康教育,提高中老年人对慢性病早期症状的识别和主动就医意识,促进健康需求向实际利用的转化。
  • 宁夏医科大学校级课题(XZ2024026)
  • 宁夏回族自治区人群健康多维风险监测评估与精准干预技术研发科技创新团队(2025CXTD026)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Yang GH, Wang Y, Zeng YX, et al. Rapid health transition in China, 1990-2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010[J]. Lancet, 2013, 381(9882): 1987-2015.
[2]
曾志超,邓清文,卢俊红,等.中老年人门诊和住院服务利用影响因素的比较研究[J].南京医科大学学报(社会科学版),2021,21(2):165-170.
Zeng ZC, Deng QW, Lu JH, et al. Comparative study on the influencing factors of outpatient and inpatient service utilization of middle-aged and elderly people[J]. Journal of Nanjing Medical University (Social Sciences), 2021, 21(2): 165-170.(In Chinese)
[3]
崔亚男,宫春博,王文燕,等.中老年慢性病患者卫生服务利用影响因素分析——基于CHARLS数据实证分析[J].现代预防医学,2023,50(13):2389-2395.
Cui YN, Gong CB, Wang WY, et al. Analysis on influencing factors of health service utilization in middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic diseases: an empirical analysis based on CHARLS data[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2023, 50(13): 2389-2395.(In Chinese)
[4]
高保锴,虎昭言,王文龙,等.基于零膨胀及其相关模型的宁夏南部山区居民年住院次数影响因素研究[J].中国全科医学,2022,25(31):3914-3922.
Gao BK, Hu ZY, Wang WL, et al. Factors influencing the annual number of hospitalizations in mountain residents from southern Ningxia: an analysis based on zero-inflation concept and zero-inflated models[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2022, 25(31): 3914-3922.(In Chinese)
[5]
Fan GR, Deng ZH, Wu X, et al. Medical insurance and health Equity in health service utilization among the middle-aged and older adults in China: a quantile regression approach[J]. BMC Health Services Research, 2020, 20(1): 553.
[6]
Fletcher JM, Frisvold DE. Higher education and health investments: does more schooling affect preventive health care use?[J]. Journal of Human Capital, 2009, 3(2): 144-176.
[7]
Roy K, Chaudhuri A. Influence of socioeconomic status, wealth and financial empowerment on gender differences in health and healthcare utilization in later life: evidence from India[J]. Social Science & Medicine, 2008, 66(9): 1951-1962.
[8]
阙霜,曾雁冰,方亚.基于logistic回归与决策树模型的社会资本对老年人自评健康的影响研究[J].中国卫生统计,2022,39(2):186-191.
Que S, Zeng YB, Fang Y. The impact of social capital on elderly self-rated health based on logistic regression and decision tree model[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Statistics, 2022, 39(2): 186-191.(In Chinese)
[9]
Rahaman M, Chouhan P, Roy A, et al. Examining the predictors of healthcare facility choice for outpatient care among older adults in India using Andersen’s revised healthcare utilization framework model[J]. BMC Geriatrics, 2022, 22(1): 949.
[10]
赵蔓,刘运铎,徐超凡,等.住所自来水可及性与中老年人慢性病的关联[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2022,26(2):169-174, 199.
Zhao M, Liu YD, Xu CF, et al. Study on the association of residence tap water access and chronic diseases in middle-aged and elderly people[J]. Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention, 2022, 26(2): 169-174, 199.(In Chinese)
[11]
薛薇.数据挖掘中的决策树技术及其应用[J].统计与信息论坛,2002,(2):4-10.
Xue W. Decision tree technology and its application in data mining[J]. Statistics & Information Forum, 2002, (2): 4-10.(In Chinese)
[12]
韩晖,苏玲,潘宝骏.用SPSS软件包快速绘制ROC曲线并决定敏感性、特异性截断点的方法[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2022,28(2):86-90.
Han H, Su L, Pan BJ. Drawing ROC curve quickly and determining the cutoff point of sensitivity and specificity by using SPSS package[J]. Strait Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2022, 28(2): 86-90.(In Chinese)
[13]
范潇茹,陈莎,施予宁,等.我国中老年人慢性病共病现状及其对卫生服务利用和医疗费用的影响研究[J].中国全科医学,2022,25(19):2371-2378.
Fan XR, Chen S, Shi YN, et al. Multimorbidity prevalence and its association with health service utilization and medical costs among middle-aged and older Chinese people[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2022, 25(19): 2371-2378.(In Chinese)
[14]
党媛媛.健康老龄化视域下我国老年人医疗服务利用影响因素研究[D].银川:宁夏医科大学,2022.
Dang YY. Study on the factors influencing the utilization of medical care services for the elderly in China from the perspective of healthy aging[D].Yinchuan: Ningxia Medical University, 2022.(In Chinese)
[15]
庞琳,井坤娟,尹园园,等.河北省农村老年人医疗服务利用及影响因素[J].医学研究与教育,2022,39(6):65-74.
Pang L, Jing KJ, Yin YY, et al. Utilization and influencing factors of health services for the elderly in rural areas of Hebei province[J]. Medical Research and Education, 2022, 39(6): 65-74.(In Chinese)
[16]
刘莹,宁宁,王璐.新冠疫情背景下公众医疗卫生服务利用情况及影响因素研究[J].中国社会医学杂志,2023,40(6):725-728.
Liu Y, Ning N, Wang L. Analysis on utilization and influencing factors of public medical and health services during the COVID-19 pandemic[J]. Chinese Journal of Social Medicine, 2023, 40(6): 725-728.(In Chinese)
[17]
吴旭红,谢舒婕.互联网使用、老年人健康与适老化应对——基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)的实证研究[J].电子政务,2024,(5):101-118.
Wu XH, Xie SJ. Internet use, elderly health and aging-adaptation responses: an empirical study based on China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS)[J]. E-Government, 2024, (5): 101-118.(In Chinese)
2026年第53卷第16期
PDF下载
290
126
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603081
  • 接收时间:2026-03-05
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-08-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-05
基金
宁夏医科大学校级课题(XZ2024026)
宁夏回族自治区人群健康多维风险监测评估与精准干预技术研发科技创新团队(2025CXTD026)
作者信息
    1.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏 银川 750004
    2.南开大学周恩来政府管理学院

通讯作者:

郎颖,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603081
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏