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Article(id=1311350352864183080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350193946194882, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202602045, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1770134400000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579887833, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1786291200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579887833, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579887833, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579887833, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311350193946194882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='15', pageStart='2689', pageEnd='2880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786291200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579849945, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588319569, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311385718195315029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350193946194882, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311385718195315030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350193946194882, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2854, endPage=2859, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350353069703977, articleId=1311350352864183080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Epidemiological characteristics of the untreated HIV/AIDS population in Jilin Province from 2004 to 2025, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the epidemiological characteristics of adult human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients who have not received antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Jilin Province.

Methods

A total of 830 HIV/AIDS patients who had not received ART and were cumulatively reported in Jilin Province from 2004 to 2025 in the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System were selected. The patients were divided into two groups based on the year of diagnosis: 2004—2015 and 2016—2025. The χ2 test was used for intergroup comparison and stratified analysis.

Results

Among the 830 untreated patients, males accounted for 84.6%. The age groups of 45-59 years and ≥60 years accounted for 33.9% and 34.0%, respectively. Those with junior high school education or below accounted for 63.4%.Unmarried individuals accounted for 68.3%. Homemakers, unemployed, and those waiting for employment accounted for 42.2%.The main transmission routes were homosexual transmission (48.2%) and heterosexual transmission (45.3%). Testing among other patients accounted for 42.0%, while testing and counseling accounted for 25.3%. The proportion of patients with a first CD4+T lymphocyte count <200 cells/μl was 62.5%. Compared with the 2004—2015 group, the 2016—2025 group showed increases in the proportions of individuals aged 25-44 years, those with college education or above, unmarried individuals,homosexual transmission cases, and cases identified through testing and counseling. Cross-analysis of age and transmission route showed that homosexual transmission accounted for 58.3% in the <25-year-old group and 63.4% in the 25-44-year-old group. In the 45-59-year-old group, heterosexual transmission accounted for 50.2%. In the ≥60-year-old group, heterosexual transmission accounted for 51.1% (χ2=50.583, P<0.001). Stratified analysis by CD4+T level showed that the proportions of patients with CD4+T <200 cells/μl in the ≥60-year-old group (67.4%) and the 45-59-year-old group (66.2%) were significantly higher than the proportion in the <25-year-old group (20.8%) (χ2=39.320, P<0.001). Regarding transmission routes, the proportion of CD4+T <200 cells/μl in the homosexual transmission group (66.5%) showed no statistically significant difference from that in the heterosexual transmission group (60.1%) (χ2=11.092, P=0.086). Stratified by sample source, the highest proportion of CD4+T <200 cells/μl was found in the group tested among other patients (77.9%), while the proportion in the testing and counseling group was 54.3% (χ2=83.910, P<0.001).

Conclusion

The untreated HIV/AIDS patients in Jilin Province were predominantly middle-aged and elderly, with low educational levels and late diagnosis. However, the proportions of young and middle-aged adults, those with high educational levels, and those infected through homosexual transmission have increased in recent years. Two distinct subgroups exist within the untreated population: the middle-aged and elderly group,predominantly infected through heterosexual transmission and with more severe immune damage, and the young and middle-aged group, predominantly infected through homosexual transmission. Differentiated intervention strategies are needed for the two groups to increase the proportion receiving treatment.

, authors=Yan HU, Ji-xiang FAN, Qi GUO, authorsList=Yan HU, Ji-xiang FAN, Qi GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350356165100334, articleId=1311350352864183080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=2004—2025年吉林省HIV/AIDS未治疗人群流行病学特征分析, columnId=1228016573844226129, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=疾病预防控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解吉林省未接受抗反转录病毒治疗（antiretroviral therapy，ART）的成人人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome，HIV/AIDS）患者人群流行病学特征。

方法

选取中国疾病预防控制信息系统2004—2025年吉林省累积报告的830例未接受ART的HIV/AIDS患者，以确诊年份分为2004—2015年和2016—2025年两组。采用χ2检验进行组间比较及分层分析。

结果

830例未治疗者中，男性占84.6%，45～59岁及≥60岁组分别占33.9%和34.0%，初中及以下文化程度占63.4%，非婚状态占68.3%，家政家务及待业占42.2%。感染途径以同性传播和异性传播为主，分别占48.2%和45.3%。其他就诊者检测占42.0%，检测咨询占25.3%。首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数<200 cells/μl者占62.5%。与2004—2015年组相比，2016—2025年组中25～44岁、大专及以上文化程度、未婚、同性传播、检测咨询发现的占比上升。年龄与感染途径交叉分析显示，<25岁组同性传播占58.3%，25～44岁组同性传播占63.4%，45～59岁组异性传播占50.2%，≥60岁组异性传播占51.1%（χ2=50.583，P<0.001）。CD4+T水平分层分析显示，年龄分层上，≥60岁组和45～59岁组CD4+T<200 cells/μl比例，分别为67.4%和66.2%，高于<25岁组的20.8%（b=39.320，P<0.001）；感染途径分层上，同性传播组（66.5%）与异性传播组（60.1%）差异无统计学意义（χ2=11.092，P=0.086）；样本来源分层上，其他就诊者检测组CD4+T<200 cells/μl比例最高，为77.9%，检测咨询组为54.3%（χ2=83.910，P<0.001）。

结论

吉林省未治疗HIV/AIDS患者以中老年、低学历、晚发现为主，但近年来青壮年、高学历、同性传播者占比上升。未治疗人群内部存在两类特征不同的群体，中老年群体以异性传播为主且免疫损伤较重，青壮年群体以同性传播为主。两类群体需采取差异化干预策略以提高治疗比例。

, authors=胡彦, 范吉祥, 郭琪, authorsList=胡彦, 范吉祥, 郭琪, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

胡彦（1990—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：HIV性病综合防治

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胡彦（1990—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：HIV性病综合防治

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胡彦（1990—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：HIV性病综合防治

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Chinese Journal of AIDS & STD, 2025, 31(3): 325-330.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Application, challenges and countermeasures of digital technology empowering HIV/AIDS prevention and control, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1311350360078386002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350352864183080, awardId=20260203139SF, language=CN, fundingSource=吉林省科技计划项目(20260203139SF), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1311350360149689171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350352864183080, awardId=2024A170; 2024A174; 2024A169; 2022GW006, language=CN, fundingSource=吉林省卫生健康能力提升项目(2024A170; 2024A174; 2024A169; 2022GW006), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350356634862383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350352864183080, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350356639056688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350352864183080, companyId=1311350356634862383, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350356651639601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350352864183080, companyId=1311350356634862383, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=吉林省疾病预防控制中心，吉林 长春 130062)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311350359591846732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350352864183080, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Characteristics of untreated populations by year group ［n（%）， （）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征指标2004—2015 年（n=457)2016—2025 年（n=373)总体（n=830)趋势χ2/t值P 值
性别男373(81.6)329(88.2)702(84.6)6.827<0.001
女84(18.4)44(11.8)128(15.4)
报告地区本省报告419(91.7)327(87.7)746(89.9)3.6440.056
异地报告38(8.3)46(12.3)84(10.1)
年龄组（岁）<254(0.9)20(5.4)24(2.9)54.531<0.001
25～4499(21.7)144(38.6)243(29.3)
45～59162(35.4)119(31.9)281(33.9)
≥60192(42)90(24.1)282(34.0)
文化程度初中及以下305(66.7)221(59.2)526(63.4)15.1350.001
高中 / 中专106(23.2)79(21.2)185(22.3)
大专及以上46(10.1)73(19.6)119(14.3)
婚姻状况未婚128(28.0)157(42.1)285(34.3)20.078<0.001
离异或丧偶162(35.4)120(32.2)282(34)
已婚或有配偶167(36.5)96(25.7)263(31.7)
人群分类家政、家务及待业144(31.5)206(55.2)350(42.2)61.047<0.001
农民115(25.2)83(22.3)198(23.9)
学生6(1.3)6(1.6)12(1.4)
工人45(9.8)10(2.7)55(6.6)
商业服务32(7.0)20(5.4)52(6.3)
离退休人员74(16.2)29(7.8)103(12.4)
其他41(9.0)19(5.1)60(7.2)
感染途径同性传播194(42.5)206(55.2)400(48.2)33.274<0.001
异性传播218(47.7)158(42.4)376(45.3)
其他45(9.8)9(2.4)54(6.5)
感染时长（年）≥8285(62.4)234(62.7)519(62.5)4.4860.214
5～<849(10.7)52(13.9)101(12.2)
3～<552(11.4)29(7.8)81(9.8)
<371(15.5)58(15.5)129(15.5)
样本来源检测咨询103(22.5)107(28.7)210(25.3)20.3280.005
其他就诊者检测185(40.5)164(44)349(42.0)
术前检查73(16.0)43(11.5)116(14.0)
其他96(21.0)59(15.8)155(18.7)
首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数（cells/μl）<200285(62.4)234(62.7)519(62.5)5.4310.143
200～<35049(10.7)52(13.9)101(12.2)
350～<50065(14.2)36(9.7)101(12.2)
≥50058(12.7)51(13.7)109(13.1)
初筛至确证时间间隔（d）7.36±5.3766.44±4.6276.94±5.071t=4.1830.009
), ArticleFig(id=1311350359692510029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350352864183080, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同年份组未治疗人群特征分布 ［n（%），（）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征指标2004—2015 年（n=457)2016—2025 年（n=373)总体（n=830)趋势χ2/t值P 值
性别男373(81.6)329(88.2)702(84.6)6.827<0.001
女84(18.4)44(11.8)128(15.4)
报告地区本省报告419(91.7)327(87.7)746(89.9)3.6440.056
异地报告38(8.3)46(12.3)84(10.1)
年龄组（岁）<254(0.9)20(5.4)24(2.9)54.531<0.001
25～4499(21.7)144(38.6)243(29.3)
45～59162(35.4)119(31.9)281(33.9)
≥60192(42)90(24.1)282(34.0)
文化程度初中及以下305(66.7)221(59.2)526(63.4)15.1350.001
高中 / 中专106(23.2)79(21.2)185(22.3)
大专及以上46(10.1)73(19.6)119(14.3)
婚姻状况未婚128(28.0)157(42.1)285(34.3)20.078<0.001
离异或丧偶162(35.4)120(32.2)282(34)
已婚或有配偶167(36.5)96(25.7)263(31.7)
人群分类家政、家务及待业144(31.5)206(55.2)350(42.2)61.047<0.001
农民115(25.2)83(22.3)198(23.9)
学生6(1.3)6(1.6)12(1.4)
工人45(9.8)10(2.7)55(6.6)
商业服务32(7.0)20(5.4)52(6.3)
离退休人员74(16.2)29(7.8)103(12.4)
其他41(9.0)19(5.1)60(7.2)
感染途径同性传播194(42.5)206(55.2)400(48.2)33.274<0.001
异性传播218(47.7)158(42.4)376(45.3)
其他45(9.8)9(2.4)54(6.5)
感染时长（年）≥8285(62.4)234(62.7)519(62.5)4.4860.214
5～<849(10.7)52(13.9)101(12.2)
3～<552(11.4)29(7.8)81(9.8)
<371(15.5)58(15.5)129(15.5)
样本来源检测咨询103(22.5)107(28.7)210(25.3)20.3280.005
其他就诊者检测185(40.5)164(44)349(42.0)
术前检查73(16.0)43(11.5)116(14.0)
其他96(21.0)59(15.8)155(18.7)
首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数（cells/μl）<200285(62.4)234(62.7)519(62.5)5.4310.143
200～<35049(10.7)52(13.9)101(12.2)
350～<50065(14.2)36(9.7)101(12.2)
≥50058(12.7)51(13.7)109(13.1)
初筛至确证时间间隔（d）7.36±5.3766.44±4.6276.94±5.071t=4.1830.009
), ArticleFig(id=1311350359772201806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350352864183080, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Infection routes of untreated HIV/AIDS patients by age group ［n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄组（岁）同性传播异性传播其他合计χ2值P值
<2514(58.3)6(25.0)4(16.7)24(100.0)50.583<0.001
25～44154(63.4)85(35.0)4(1.6)243(100.0)
45～59124(44.1)141(50.2)16(5.7)281(100.0)
≥60108(38.3)144(51.1)30(10.6)282(100.0)
合计400(48.2)376(45.3)54(6.5)830(100.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350359847699279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350352864183080, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同年龄组未治疗HIV/AIDS患者的感染途径分布［n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄组（岁）同性传播异性传播其他合计χ2值P值
<2514(58.3)6(25.0)4(16.7)24(100.0)50.583<0.001
25～44154(63.4)85(35.0)4(1.6)243(100.0)
45～59124(44.1)141(50.2)16(5.7)281(100.0)
≥60108(38.3)144(51.1)30(10.6)282(100.0)
合计400(48.2)376(45.3)54(6.5)830(100.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350359910613840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350352864183080, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Distribution of first CD4+T lymphocyte counts in untreated HIV/AIDS patients by characteristic subgroup ［n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征亚群CD4+T<200 cells/μlCD4+T<200～350 cells/μlCD4+T<350～500 cells/μlCD4+T≥500 cells/μl合计χ2值P值
年龄组（岁）<255(20.8)5(20.8)7(29.2)7(29.2)24(100.0)39.320<0.001
25～44138(56.8)24(9.9)33(13.6)48(19.8)243(100.0)
45～59186(66.2)33(11.7)30(10.7)32(11.4)281(100.0)
≥60190(67.4)39(13.8)31(11.0)22(7.8)282(100.0)
感染途径同性传播266(66.5)37(9.3)44(11.0)53(13.3)400(100.0)11.0920.086
异性传播226(60.1)54(14.4)50(13.3)46(12.2)376(100.0)
其他27(50.0)10(18.5)7(13.0)10(18.5)54(100.0)
样本来源检测咨询114(54.3)29(13.8)30(14.3)37(17.6)210(100.0)83.910<0.001
其他就诊者检测272(77.9)31(8.9)23(6.6)23(6.6)349(100.0)
术前检查73(62.9)15(12.9)16(13.8)12(10.3)116(100.0)
其他60(38.7)26(16.8)32(20.6)37(23.9)155(100.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350359981917009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350352864183080, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同特征亚群未治疗HIV/AIDS患者的首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数分布［n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征亚群CD4+T<200 cells/μlCD4+T<200～350 cells/μlCD4+T<350～500 cells/μlCD4+T≥500 cells/μl合计χ2值P值
年龄组（岁）<255(20.8)5(20.8)7(29.2)7(29.2)24(100.0)39.320<0.001
25～44138(56.8)24(9.9)33(13.6)48(19.8)243(100.0)
45～59186(66.2)33(11.7)30(10.7)32(11.4)281(100.0)
≥60190(67.4)39(13.8)31(11.0)22(7.8)282(100.0)
感染途径同性传播266(66.5)37(9.3)44(11.0)53(13.3)400(100.0)11.0920.086
异性传播226(60.1)54(14.4)50(13.3)46(12.2)376(100.0)
其他27(50.0)10(18.5)7(13.0)10(18.5)54(100.0)
样本来源检测咨询114(54.3)29(13.8)30(14.3)37(17.6)210(100.0)83.910<0.001
其他就诊者检测272(77.9)31(8.9)23(6.6)23(6.6)349(100.0)
术前检查73(62.9)15(12.9)16(13.8)12(10.3)116(100.0)
其他60(38.7)26(16.8)32(20.6)37(23.9)155(100.0)
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2004—2025年吉林省HIV/AIDS未治疗人群流行病学特征分析
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胡彦 , 范吉祥 , 郭琪
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2026,53(15): 2854-2859
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现代预防医学 |疾病预防控制 2026 , 53 (15) : 2854 -2859
2004—2025年吉林省HIV/AIDS未治疗人群流行病学特征分析
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[Author(id=1311350356760691507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350352864183080, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1311350356840383285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350352864183080, authorId=1311350356760691507, language=EN, stringName=Yan HU, firstName=Yan, middleName=null, lastName=HU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311350357037515574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350352864183080, authorId=1311350356760691507, language=CN, stringName=胡彦, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=吉林省疾病预防控制中心，吉林 长春 130062, bio={"content":"

胡彦（1990—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：HIV性病综合防治

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胡彦（1990—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：HIV性病综合防治

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胡彦, 范吉祥, 郭琪
作者信息
  • 吉林省疾病预防控制中心，吉林 长春 130062
作者简介:

胡彦（1990—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：HIV性病综合防治

Epidemiological characteristics of the untreated HIV/AIDS population in Jilin Province from 2004 to 2025
Yan HU, Ji-xiang FAN, Qi GUO
Affiliations
  • Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
出版时间: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202602045
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摘要
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目的

了解吉林省未接受抗反转录病毒治疗（antiretroviral therapy，ART）的成人人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome，HIV/AIDS）患者人群流行病学特征。

方法

选取中国疾病预防控制信息系统2004—2025年吉林省累积报告的830例未接受ART的HIV/AIDS患者，以确诊年份分为2004—2015年和2016—2025年两组。采用χ2检验进行组间比较及分层分析。

结果

830例未治疗者中，男性占84.6%，45～59岁及≥60岁组分别占33.9%和34.0%，初中及以下文化程度占63.4%，非婚状态占68.3%，家政家务及待业占42.2%。感染途径以同性传播和异性传播为主，分别占48.2%和45.3%。其他就诊者检测占42.0%，检测咨询占25.3%。首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数<200 cells/μl者占62.5%。与2004—2015年组相比，2016—2025年组中25～44岁、大专及以上文化程度、未婚、同性传播、检测咨询发现的占比上升。年龄与感染途径交叉分析显示，<25岁组同性传播占58.3%，25～44岁组同性传播占63.4%，45～59岁组异性传播占50.2%，≥60岁组异性传播占51.1%（χ2=50.583，P<0.001）。CD4+T水平分层分析显示，年龄分层上，≥60岁组和45～59岁组CD4+T<200 cells/μl比例，分别为67.4%和66.2%，高于<25岁组的20.8%（b=39.320，P<0.001）；感染途径分层上，同性传播组（66.5%）与异性传播组（60.1%）差异无统计学意义（χ2=11.092，P=0.086）；样本来源分层上，其他就诊者检测组CD4+T<200 cells/μl比例最高，为77.9%，检测咨询组为54.3%（χ2=83.910，P<0.001）。

结论

吉林省未治疗HIV/AIDS患者以中老年、低学历、晚发现为主，但近年来青壮年、高学历、同性传播者占比上升。未治疗人群内部存在两类特征不同的群体，中老年群体以异性传播为主且免疫损伤较重，青壮年群体以同性传播为主。两类群体需采取差异化干预策略以提高治疗比例。

HIV/AIDS  /  未治疗人群  /  流行病学特征  /  分层分析  /  精准防治
Objective

To understand the epidemiological characteristics of adult human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients who have not received antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Jilin Province.

Methods

A total of 830 HIV/AIDS patients who had not received ART and were cumulatively reported in Jilin Province from 2004 to 2025 in the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System were selected. The patients were divided into two groups based on the year of diagnosis: 2004—2015 and 2016—2025. The χ2 test was used for intergroup comparison and stratified analysis.

Results

Among the 830 untreated patients, males accounted for 84.6%. The age groups of 45-59 years and ≥60 years accounted for 33.9% and 34.0%, respectively. Those with junior high school education or below accounted for 63.4%.Unmarried individuals accounted for 68.3%. Homemakers, unemployed, and those waiting for employment accounted for 42.2%.The main transmission routes were homosexual transmission (48.2%) and heterosexual transmission (45.3%). Testing among other patients accounted for 42.0%, while testing and counseling accounted for 25.3%. The proportion of patients with a first CD4+T lymphocyte count <200 cells/μl was 62.5%. Compared with the 2004—2015 group, the 2016—2025 group showed increases in the proportions of individuals aged 25-44 years, those with college education or above, unmarried individuals,homosexual transmission cases, and cases identified through testing and counseling. Cross-analysis of age and transmission route showed that homosexual transmission accounted for 58.3% in the <25-year-old group and 63.4% in the 25-44-year-old group. In the 45-59-year-old group, heterosexual transmission accounted for 50.2%. In the ≥60-year-old group, heterosexual transmission accounted for 51.1% (χ2=50.583, P<0.001). Stratified analysis by CD4+T level showed that the proportions of patients with CD4+T <200 cells/μl in the ≥60-year-old group (67.4%) and the 45-59-year-old group (66.2%) were significantly higher than the proportion in the <25-year-old group (20.8%) (χ2=39.320, P<0.001). Regarding transmission routes, the proportion of CD4+T <200 cells/μl in the homosexual transmission group (66.5%) showed no statistically significant difference from that in the heterosexual transmission group (60.1%) (χ2=11.092, P=0.086). Stratified by sample source, the highest proportion of CD4+T <200 cells/μl was found in the group tested among other patients (77.9%), while the proportion in the testing and counseling group was 54.3% (χ2=83.910, P<0.001).

Conclusion

The untreated HIV/AIDS patients in Jilin Province were predominantly middle-aged and elderly, with low educational levels and late diagnosis. However, the proportions of young and middle-aged adults, those with high educational levels, and those infected through homosexual transmission have increased in recent years. Two distinct subgroups exist within the untreated population: the middle-aged and elderly group,predominantly infected through heterosexual transmission and with more severe immune damage, and the young and middle-aged group, predominantly infected through homosexual transmission. Differentiated intervention strategies are needed for the two groups to increase the proportion receiving treatment.

HIV/AIDS  /  Untreated population  /  Epidemiological characteristics  /  Stratified analysis  /  Precision prevention and control
胡彦, 范吉祥, 郭琪. 2004—2025年吉林省HIV/AIDS未治疗人群流行病学特征分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (15) : 2854 -2859 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202602045
Yan HU, Ji-xiang FAN, Qi GUO. Epidemiological characteristics of the untreated HIV/AIDS population in Jilin Province from 2004 to 2025[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (15) : 2854 -2859 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202602045
正文
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随着《中国遏制与防治艾滋病规划（2024—2030年）》深入推进，“发现即治疗”“应治尽治”成为我国艾滋病防治核心策略[1]。吉林省作为低流行省份，截至2025年底抗病毒治疗覆盖率已达97%以上，但剩余约3%的未治疗人群既面临疾病进展风险，其病毒载量未有效抑制亦可成为潜在传播源[2]。全国性研究显示，未治疗感染者的传播性耐药率较高，构成了耐药毒株扩散的潜在风险[3]。目前，对这部分人群的特征尚缺乏系统描述。本研究基于中国疾病预防控制信息系统2004—2025年吉林省累积报告人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（human immunodefi‐ciency virus/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome，HIV/AIDS）数据，对未接受抗反转录病毒治疗（anti⁃retroviral therapy，ART）的成人HIV/AIDS患者的流行病学特征进行分析，以期为针对性干预提供依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
选取中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2004年1月1日—2025年12月31日累积报告现住址为吉林省未治疗的HIV/AIDS患者。纳入标准：现住址为吉林省、已终审卡、剔除港澳台及外籍病例、病例类型为确诊病例、年龄≥15岁、有完整的人口学及实验室检测数据（首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数值）。共纳入未治疗病例830例。
1.2　方法
下载截至2025年12月31日中国疾病预防控制信息系统艾滋病定时统计疫情库历史卡片，获取研究对象的人口学数据（年龄、性别、人群分类、文化程度、婚姻状况）、流行病学调查数据（感染途径、初筛至确诊时间间隔）、感染时长、样本来源、报告地区、实验室检测数据（首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数）。其中感染时长由首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数进行推断：CD4+T淋巴细胞计数≤200 cells/μl为感染时间≥8年；CD4+T淋巴细胞计数在200～<350 cells/μl为感染时间5～<8年；CD4+T淋巴细胞计数在350～<450 cells/μl为感染时间3～<5年；CD4+T淋巴细胞计数≥450 cells/μl为感染时间<3年[4-5]；确诊年份组根据吉林省2004—2025年抗病毒治疗相关政策落地情况进行划分，具体分为基线期（2004—2015年）、提升期（2016—2025年）[6]。本研究已通过吉林省疾病预防控制中心（吉林省预防医学科学院）伦理委员会审查批准（批准编号：JLCDC—20240001）。
1.3　统计分析
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。计数资料以频数和构成比表示，组间比较采用χ2检验或趋势χ2检验，分析不同确诊年份组未治疗人群的分布差异。采用交叉列联表分析年龄分组与感染途径的关系，并从年龄组、感染途径和样本来源三个方面进行分层分析，比较首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数的分布差异。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　未治疗人群基本特征
830例未治疗HIV/AIDS患者中，男性占84.6%（702/830），年龄以45～59岁（33.9%，281/830）和≥60岁（34.0%，282/830）为主，初中及以下文化程度占63.4%（526/830），非婚状态（未婚及离异或丧偶）占68.3%（567/830），家政、家务及待业占42.2%（350/830）。本省报告占89.9%（746/830）。感染时长≥8年者占62.5%（519/830），<3年者占15.5%（129/830）。见表1。
2.2　感染途径及样本来源
同性传播占48.2%（400/830），异性传播占45.3%（376/830），采血浆及输血传播及其他占6.5%（54/830）。样本来源以其他就诊者检测和检测咨询为主，分别占42.0%（349/830）和25.3%（210/830），术前检查占14.0%（116/830），其他来源（含性病门诊、献血人员检测、羁押人员体检、阳性配偶及性伴检测等）占18.7%（155/830）。见表1。
2.3　首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数及初筛至确证时间间隔
首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数<200 cells/μl者占62.5%（519/830），200～<350 cells/μl者占12.2%（101/830），350～<500 cells/μl者占12.2%（101/830），≥500 cells/μl者占13.1%（109/830）。初筛至确证时间间隔为（6.94±5.071） d，其中，2016—2025年组为（6.44±4.627） d短于2004—2015年组的（7.36±5.376） d（t=4.183，P=0.009）。2016—2025年确诊患者男性占比、25～44岁年龄组占比、未婚占比、同性传播占比、检测咨询发现占比、家政、家务及待业占比均高于2016—2025年组。见表1。
2.4　年龄与感染途径交叉分析
<25岁组以同性传播为主，占58.3%（14/24），异性传播占25.0%（6/24）；25～44岁组同性传播占63.4%（154/243），异性传播占35.0%（85/243）；45～59岁组异性传播比例升至50.2%（141/281），同性传播占44.1%（124/281）；≥60岁组异性传播占51.1%（144/282），同性传播占38.3%（108/282）。不同年龄组的感染途径构成差异有统计学意义（χ2=50.583，P<0.001）。见表2。
2.5　不同特征亚群首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数分层分析
分别从年龄组、感染途径和样本来源三个方面进行分层，比较未治疗者的首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数水平，见表3。CD4+T<200 cells/μl的比例<25岁组为20.8%，25～44岁组为56.8%，45～59岁组为66.2%，≥60岁组为67.4%，随年龄增加呈上升趋势；CD4+T≥500 cells/μl的比例则随年龄增加而下降；各年龄组CD4+T水平分布差异有统计学意义（χ2= 39.320，P<0.001）。感染途径分层结果显示，同性传播组、异性传播组和其他途径组CD4+T<200 cells/μl的比例分别为66.5%、60.1%和50.0%，三组间差异无统计学意义（χ2=11.092，P=0.086）。样本来源分层结果显示，CD4+T<200 cells/μl的比例以其他就诊者检测组最高，为77.9%，术前检查组次之，为62.9%，检测咨询组为54.3%，其他来源组最低，为38.7%。被动发现组（其他就诊者检测、术前检查）的CD4+T<200 cells/μl比例高于主动检测组（检测咨询），CD4+T≥500 cells/μl的主动检测组高于被动发现组，不同样本来源组CD4+T水平分布差异有统计学意义（χ2= 83.910，P<0.001）。
3　讨论
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本研究依托2004—2025年吉林省HIV/AIDS患者监测数据，对高治疗覆盖率背景下未治疗的人群的流行病学特征进行了分析，为低流行地区落实“精准防治”与“应治尽治”目标提供了数据支撑。
研究显示，吉林省未治疗人群以男性、中老年、初中及以下文化程度、家政家务及待业为主，62.5%的患者首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数低于200 cells/μl，推算感染时长在8年以上。国内关于HIV/AIDS晚发现人群的研究表明，中老年、低学历及医疗机构被动检测是晚发现的主要特征，与本研究结果基本一致[7-8]。2016—2025年确诊的未治疗者中，25～44岁、大专及以上文化程度、未婚、同性传播、检测咨询来源的比例高于2004—2015年组，提示未治疗人群的构成正在发生变化，青壮年男男性行为者（men who have sex with men, MSM）群体在未治疗者中的比重增加。年龄与感染途径的交叉分析进一步显示了未治疗人群内部的构成差异，青壮年组以同性传播为主，中老年组以异性传播为主，这说明，尽管吉林省抗病毒治疗覆盖率已超过97%，但治疗动员的成效在不同特征人群中并不均衡，中老年异性传播群体的障碍则可能更多来自认知和可及性层面，曾梓等和张媛[9-10]的研究指出，该群体艾滋病风险意识相对薄弱，多为其他疾病就诊时被动发现，且农民、家政待业及离退休人员占比较高，受经济条件和就医距离限制，治疗启动的门槛更高。青壮年MSM群体的障碍可能主要来自心理和社会层面，胡晓松等和闫钰婕等[11-12]的研究均表明，MSM群体受歧视感知和社会支持影响较大，病耻感可能使其在确诊后回避就医，加之部分患者对无症状期治疗的认知存在误区、对长期服药的副作用有所顾虑，以及治疗服务时间与工作节奏不匹配等因素，均可能导致其从检测到治疗的脱节。
CD4+T水平的分层分析从不同层面反映了未治疗人群的免疫损伤程度和发现时间差异。从年龄分层看，中老年组CD4+T<200 cells/μl的比例（45～59岁组66.2%，≥60岁组67.4%）明显高于<25岁组（20.8%），CD4+T≥500 cells/μl的比例则随年龄增加而递减，中老年未治疗者免疫损伤更重。从样本来源看，其他就诊者检测组的CD4+T<200 cells/μl比例最高，为77.9%，检测咨询组相对较低，为54.3%，提示被动发现者就诊时疾病阶段更晚，这一结果与张媛[13]的研究发现一致，即被动求医者的疾病进展程度普遍重于主动求医者。从感染途径看，同性传播组与异性传播组CD4+T水平的差异未达到统计学显著性，但同性传播组CD4+T<200 cells/μl的比例，为66.5%，略高于异性传播组的60.1%，且25～44岁组中已有56.8%的患者CD4+T低于200 cells/μl，提示青壮年MSM群体中同样存在不可忽视的检测延迟。
本研究的局限在于数据来自传染病监测系统，可获取的变量限于登记信息，心理状态、社会支持、歧视感知等因素未被纳入，也不能对未治疗原因进行分析。感染时长由首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数间接推算，与实际感染时间可能存在偏差。后续可开展前瞻性调查并结合定性访谈，对不同特征未治疗者的行为决策过程进行深入分析。
综上，吉林省未治疗人群内部特征具有异质性，干预策略需区别设计。对以中老年异性传播为主的群体，晚发现可能是其主要特征，可考虑加强基层医疗机构的HIV主动筛查，结合病例管理制度缩短从发现到转介的时间[14-15]。对以青壮年同性传播为主的群体，检测后脱失可能是其主要特征，自愿咨询检测门诊和确证实验室可探索建立从检测咨询、结果告知到治疗转介的连续流程，同时加强隐私保护和心理支持，降低因歧视感导致的治疗回避。
基金
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  • 吉林省科技计划项目(20260203139SF)
  • 吉林省卫生健康能力提升项目(2024A170; 2024A174; 2024A169; 2022GW006)
文献
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2026年第53卷第15期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202602045
  • 接收时间：2026-02-04
  • 首发时间：2026-09-28
  • 出版时间：2026-08-10
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  • 收稿日期：2026-02-04
基金
吉林省科技计划项目(20260203139SF)
吉林省卫生健康能力提升项目(2024A170; 2024A174; 2024A169; 2022GW006)
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    吉林省疾病预防控制中心，吉林 长春 130062
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202602045
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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