Article(id=1311350330827309700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350193946194882, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202602197, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1770998400000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579882580, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1786291200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579882580, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579882580, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579882580, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311350193946194882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='15', pageStart='2689', pageEnd='2880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786291200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579849945, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588319569, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311385718195315029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350193946194882, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311385718195315030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350193946194882, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2865, endPage=2871, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350331053802117, articleId=1311350330827309700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Effectiveness and influencing factors of HIV test kit distribution by female sex workers in low-end venues to clients in a city in Guangxi, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the implementation effect and influencing factors of low-end venue female sex workers promoting and distributing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) urine test kits to clients and mobilizing them for self-testing,providing references for the formulation of intervention strategies for both groups.

Methods

From April to June 2023, 100 female sex workers were recruited in a city in Guangxi. They were asked to invite clients to participate in a brief survey,distribute HIV urine test kits, and encourage the clients to perform self-testing. Data from the survey and tests were collected and analyzed to identify factors influencing the promotion of HIV testing.

Results

A total of 66 (66.0%) female sex workers participated in the promotion of testing. There were differences between the promotion group and the non-promotion group in terms of household registration, educational level, number of clients served daily, and age of clients (P<0.05). A total of 504 clients accepted urine test kits for HIV transmission testing, among which 403 people voluntarily accepted self-testing and 101 were tested by peer volunteers. Two cases were positive for HIV antibodies, with a positive rate of 0.40%. The results of the multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that, among the client population, those who had received commercial sexual services for more than one year (OR=5.601, 95% CI: 2.815-11.144), sought commercial sexual services outside massage parlors (OR=4.301, 95% CI: 1.576-11.737), used condoms during commercial sexual activities (OR=3.794,95% CI: 1.456-9.889), and regularly underwent HIV testing (OR=6.699, 95% CI: 2.279-19.690) were more willing to accept the HIV transmission testing model. The results of the willingness survey showed that 89 female sex workers (89.0%) were willing to proactively offer HIV test kits to their clients, and 336 clients (66.7%) believed that the model of HIV transmission testing was effective and worth promoting.

Conclusion

The intervention model in which female sex workers provide HIV transmission testing to clients is feasible. Clients with a higher awareness of AIDS prevention and a habit of regular testing are more likely to accept the intervention form of transmission tests. Comprehensive intervention and transmission testing for highly active clients who have purchased commercial sexual services over a long period, together with strengthened training to improve the mobilization ability of female sex workers, can be regarded as an innovative strategy to prevent HIV transmission through commercial heterosexual contact.

, authors=Ya-ke XU1, Li WEI2, Shou-nan TAN2, Wen-ming HE2, Tao WEI2, Hui WANG2, Wei DONG3, authorsList=Ya-ke XU, Li WEI, Shou-nan TAN, Wen-ming HE, Tao WEI, Hui WANG, Wei DONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hui WANG, Wei DONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350333218062986, articleId=1311350330827309700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=广西某市低档场所暗娼向嫖客传递HIV检测试剂的效果及影响因素研究, columnId=1228016573844226129, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=疾病预防控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探索低档场所暗娼向嫖客推广传递人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)尿液检测试剂并动员检测的实施效果及影响因素,为两类人群的检测干预策略制定提供参考。

方法

2023年4—6月,在广西某市招募100名暗娼,由其向嫖客推荐参与简短调查并派发HIV尿液检测试剂动员嫖客自检,收集调查及检测数据,分析影响HIV传递检测的因素。

结果

有66名(66.0%)暗娼参与传递检测,传递检测组与未传递组在户籍、文化程度、每天服务人数、服务对象年龄等因素上存在差异(P<0.05)。共计504名嫖客接受了尿液传递检测,其中403人主动接受自检,101人被动接受同伴志愿者检测,HIV抗体阳性2例,阳性率0.40%。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,嫖客人群中,接受商业性服务1年以上(OR=5.601,95%CI:2.815~11.144)、在按摩屋之外地方寻找商业性服务(OR= 4.301,95%CI:1.576~11.737)、发生商业性行为时使用安全套(OR=3.794,95%CI:1.456~9.889)、定期进行HIV检测(OR=6.699,95%CI:2.279~19.690)的人更愿意接受HIV传递检测。意愿调查结果显示,89名暗娼(89.0%)愿意主动向嫖客推介HIV检测试剂,336名嫖客(66.7%)认为HIV传递检测的模式效果好值得推广。

结论

暗娼向嫖客开展HIV尿液传递检测模式可行。艾滋病防护意识强和有定期检测习惯的嫖客对传递检测的接受度更高。针对长期接受商业性服务的高活跃嫖客实施综合干预与传递检测,同时加强暗娼的动员能力培训,可作为阻断艾滋病商业异性性传播的创新策略。

, authors=徐亚珂1, 韦莉2, 谭寿南2, 何文明2, 韦陶2, 王慧2, 董薇3, authorsList=徐亚珂, 韦莉, 谭寿南, 何文明, 韦陶, 王慧, 董薇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王慧, 董薇, authorNote=

徐亚珂和韦莉为共同第一作者

徐亚珂 (1991—),女,硕士,主管医师, 研究方向:疾病预防控制;

韦莉 1972—女学士副主任技师研究方向:疾病预防控制;

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董薇,E-mail:
王慧,E-mail:
董薇与王慧为共同通信作者
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Journal of Occupational Health and Damage, 2025, 40(1): 34-39.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Survey on AIDS knowledge and condom use among low-fee female sex workers aged 35 years and above in rural areas of Zigong City from 2020 to 2022, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350342089016031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350330827309700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=42, issue=17, pageStart=2279, pageEnd=2282, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=24, authorNames=刘楠楠, 岑平, journalName=广西医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘楠楠,岑平.HIV自我检测在暗娼人群中的应用的研究进展[J].广西医学,2020,42(17):2279-2282., articleTitle=HIV自我检测在暗娼人群中的应用的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350342177096416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350330827309700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=42, issue=17, pageStart=2279, pageEnd=2282, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Liu NN, Cen P, journalName=Guangxi Medical Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu NN, Cen P. 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Guangxi Medical Journal, 2020, 42(17):2279-2282.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Research progress on the application of HIV self-testing among female sex workers, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350333452944011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350330827309700, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350333465526924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350330827309700, companyId=1311350333452944011, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Institute for STD/AIDS Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan 450016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350333469721229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350330827309700, companyId=1311350333452944011, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 河南省疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病防治研究所,河南 郑州 450016)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350333549413006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350330827309700, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350333557801615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350330827309700, companyId=1311350333549413006, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 柳州市疾病预防控制中心,广西 柳州 545005)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350333620716176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350330827309700, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350333629104785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350330827309700, companyId=1311350333620716176, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心,北京 102206)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311350337844380351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350330827309700, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Univariate analysis of the transmission of HIV rapid testing among clients by female sex workers population [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总人数传递检测组(n=66)未传递组(n=34)χ2值P值
年龄 (岁)
≤351912(63.2)7(36.8)0.0840.771
>358154(66.7)27(33.3)
婚姻状况
已婚/固定性伴4832(66.7)16(33.3)0.0180.892
未婚/离异/丧偶5234(65.4)18(34.6)
户籍
本市6755(82.1)12(17.9)23.422<0.001
其他市3311(33.3)22(66.7)
民族
汉族4225(59.5)17(40.5)0.502b
壮族5539(70.9)16(29.1)
其他32(66.7)1(33.3)
文化程度
小学及以下2722(81.5)5(18.5)15.2010.001
初中5338(71.7)15(28.3)
高中及以上206(30.0)14(70.0)
本地工作时间(月)
<61510(66.7)5(33.3)3.4750.176
6~112714(51.9)13(48.1)
≥125842(72.4)16(27.6)
每天服务人数(个)
<22814(50.0)14(50.0)4.4370.035
≥27252(72.2)20(27.8)
服务对象年龄(岁)
<401212(100.00)0(0.00)5.409a 0.020
≥408854(61.4)34(38.6)
安全套使用情况
总是使用8554(63.5)31(36.5)0.506b
偶尔使用33(100.0)0(0.0)
从来不用129(75.0)3(25.0)
是否了解HIV快检
是7047(67.1)23(32.9)0.1360.712
否3019(63.3)11(36.7)
是否想了解嫖客HIV感染情况
是9763(64.9)34(35.1)0.414a 0.520
否33(100.0)0(0.0)
是否主动向嫖客宣传HIV检测知识
是8955(61.8)34(38.2)4.778a 0.029
否1111(100.0)0(0.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350337924072128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350330827309700, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

暗娼人群对嫖客传递HIV快速检测的单因素分析[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总人数传递检测组(n=66)未传递组(n=34)χ2值P值
年龄 (岁)
≤351912(63.2)7(36.8)0.0840.771
>358154(66.7)27(33.3)
婚姻状况
已婚/固定性伴4832(66.7)16(33.3)0.0180.892
未婚/离异/丧偶5234(65.4)18(34.6)
户籍
本市6755(82.1)12(17.9)23.422<0.001
其他市3311(33.3)22(66.7)
民族
汉族4225(59.5)17(40.5)0.502b
壮族5539(70.9)16(29.1)
其他32(66.7)1(33.3)
文化程度
小学及以下2722(81.5)5(18.5)15.2010.001
初中5338(71.7)15(28.3)
高中及以上206(30.0)14(70.0)
本地工作时间(月)
<61510(66.7)5(33.3)3.4750.176
6~112714(51.9)13(48.1)
≥125842(72.4)16(27.6)
每天服务人数(个)
<22814(50.0)14(50.0)4.4370.035
≥27252(72.2)20(27.8)
服务对象年龄(岁)
<401212(100.00)0(0.00)5.409a 0.020
≥408854(61.4)34(38.6)
安全套使用情况
总是使用8554(63.5)31(36.5)0.506b
偶尔使用33(100.0)0(0.0)
从来不用129(75.0)3(25.0)
是否了解HIV快检
是7047(67.1)23(32.9)0.1360.712
否3019(63.3)11(36.7)
是否想了解嫖客HIV感染情况
是9763(64.9)34(35.1)0.414a 0.520
否33(100.0)0(0.0)
是否主动向嫖客宣传HIV检测知识
是8955(61.8)34(38.2)4.778a 0.029
否1111(100.0)0(0.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350338016346817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350330827309700, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Univariate analysis of factors related to male clients’ voluntary participation in HIV transmission testing case [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总人数主动接受传递检测组(n=403)非主动接受检测组(n=101)χ2值P值
年龄(岁)0.0160.898
≤50342274(80.1)68(19.0)
>50162129(79.6)33(20.4)
婚姻状况0.0240.876
已婚/固定性伴248199(80.2)49(19.8)
未婚/离异/丧偶256204(79.7)52(20.3)
职业7.8560.005
农民184135(73.4)49(26.6)
非农民320268(83.8)52(16.2)
籍贯3.0900.079
本市311241(77.5)70(22.5)
其他市193162(83.9)31(16.1)
商业性行为时间(年)84.653<0.001
<1202121(59.9)81(40.1)
≥1302282(93.4)20(6.6)
寻找商业性行为地点23.298<0.001
按摩屋368275(74.7)93(25.3)
其他136128(94.1)8(5.9)
每次商业性行为花费(元)7.6250.006
≤200463377(81.4)86(18.6)
>2004126(63.4)15(36.6)
最近一月商业性行为数(次)22.802<0.001
<1310227(73.2)83(26.8)
1~3182165(90.7)17(9.3)
>31211(91.7)1(8.3)
服务对象年龄(岁)8.2580.041
<30181133(73.5)48(26.5)
30~40174147(84.5)27(15.5)
>40~509879(80.6)19(19.4)
>505144(86.3)7(13.7)
是否了解艾滋病知识0.050a 1.000
知晓493394(79.9)99(20.1)
不知晓119(81.8)2(18.2)
商业性行为时安全套使用情况45.023<0.001
总是使用224180(80.4)44(19.6)
偶尔使用154145(94.2)9(5.8)
从来不用12678(61.9)48(38.1)
与配偶或固定性伴安全套使用情况0.002b
总是使用66(100.0)0(0.0)
偶尔使用149107(71.8)42(28.2)
从来不用124111(89.5)13(10.5)
其他225179(79.6)46(20.4)
HIV检测结果0.361b
阳性21(50.0)1(50.0)
阴性502402(80.1)100(19.9)
HIV检测结果反馈方式10.7090.001
性服务者9890(91.8)8(8.2)
工作人员406313(77.1)93(22.9)
既往多久检测一次HIV39.303<0.001
从未做过356259(72.8)97(27.2)
定期检测148144(97.3)4(2.7)
是否想了解服务对象HIV感染状况19.007a <0.001
是496402(81.1)94(18.9)
否81(12.5)7(87.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350338096038594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350330827309700, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

嫖客主动接受HIV传递检测的单因素分析[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总人数主动接受传递检测组(n=403)非主动接受检测组(n=101)χ2值P值
年龄(岁)0.0160.898
≤50342274(80.1)68(19.0)
>50162129(79.6)33(20.4)
婚姻状况0.0240.876
已婚/固定性伴248199(80.2)49(19.8)
未婚/离异/丧偶256204(79.7)52(20.3)
职业7.8560.005
农民184135(73.4)49(26.6)
非农民320268(83.8)52(16.2)
籍贯3.0900.079
本市311241(77.5)70(22.5)
其他市193162(83.9)31(16.1)
商业性行为时间(年)84.653<0.001
<1202121(59.9)81(40.1)
≥1302282(93.4)20(6.6)
寻找商业性行为地点23.298<0.001
按摩屋368275(74.7)93(25.3)
其他136128(94.1)8(5.9)
每次商业性行为花费(元)7.6250.006
≤200463377(81.4)86(18.6)
>2004126(63.4)15(36.6)
最近一月商业性行为数(次)22.802<0.001
<1310227(73.2)83(26.8)
1~3182165(90.7)17(9.3)
>31211(91.7)1(8.3)
服务对象年龄(岁)8.2580.041
<30181133(73.5)48(26.5)
30~40174147(84.5)27(15.5)
>40~509879(80.6)19(19.4)
>505144(86.3)7(13.7)
是否了解艾滋病知识0.050a 1.000
知晓493394(79.9)99(20.1)
不知晓119(81.8)2(18.2)
商业性行为时安全套使用情况45.023<0.001
总是使用224180(80.4)44(19.6)
偶尔使用154145(94.2)9(5.8)
从来不用12678(61.9)48(38.1)
与配偶或固定性伴安全套使用情况0.002b
总是使用66(100.0)0(0.0)
偶尔使用149107(71.8)42(28.2)
从来不用124111(89.5)13(10.5)
其他225179(79.6)46(20.4)
HIV检测结果0.361b
阳性21(50.0)1(50.0)
阴性502402(80.1)100(19.9)
HIV检测结果反馈方式10.7090.001
性服务者9890(91.8)8(8.2)
工作人员406313(77.1)93(22.9)
既往多久检测一次HIV39.303<0.001
从未做过356259(72.8)97(27.2)
定期检测148144(97.3)4(2.7)
是否想了解服务对象HIV感染状况19.007a <0.001
是496402(81.1)94(18.9)
否81(12.5)7(87.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350338171536067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350330827309700, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multivariable analysis of the impact of client group on HIV transmission testing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素βWald χ2值P值OR值(95%CI)
接受商业性服务时间(年)
≤11
>11.7230.35124.101<0.0015.601(2.815~11.144)
寻找商业性服务地点
按摩屋1
其他1.4590.5128.1110.0044.301(1.576~11.737)
商业性服务时安全套使用情况
不使用1
有时使用1.3330.4897.4420.0063.794(1.456~9.889)
总是使用0.1580.3500.2030.6521.171(0.589~2.327)
既往多久检测一次HIV
从未做过1
定期检测1.9020.55011.9540.0016.699(2.279~19.690)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350338259616452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350330827309700, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

嫖客人群对HIV传递检测影响的多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素βWald χ2值P值OR值(95%CI)
接受商业性服务时间(年)
≤11
>11.7230.35124.101<0.0015.601(2.815~11.144)
寻找商业性服务地点
按摩屋1
其他1.4590.5128.1110.0044.301(1.576~11.737)
商业性服务时安全套使用情况
不使用1
有时使用1.3330.4897.4420.0063.794(1.456~9.889)
总是使用0.1580.3500.2030.6521.171(0.589~2.327)
既往多久检测一次HIV
从未做过1
定期检测1.9020.55011.9540.0016.699(2.279~19.690)
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广西某市低档场所暗娼向嫖客传递HIV检测试剂的效果及影响因素研究
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徐亚珂 1 , 韦莉 2 , 谭寿南 2 , 何文明 2 , 韦陶 2 , 王慧 2 , 董薇 3
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2026,53(15): 2865-2871
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现代预防医学 |疾病预防控制 2026 , 53 (15) : 2865 -2871
广西某市低档场所暗娼向嫖客传递HIV检测试剂的效果及影响因素研究
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徐亚珂1, 韦莉2, 谭寿南2, 何文明2, 韦陶2, 王慧2 , 董薇3
作者信息
  • 1. 河南省疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病防治研究所,河南 郑州 450016
  • 2. 柳州市疾病预防控制中心,广西 柳州 545005
  • 3.中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心,北京 102206
通讯作者:
董薇,E-mail:
王慧,E-mail:
董薇与王慧为共同通信作者
作者简介:

徐亚珂和韦莉为共同第一作者

徐亚珂 (1991—),女,硕士,主管医师, 研究方向:疾病预防控制;

韦莉 1972—女学士副主任技师研究方向:疾病预防控制;

Effectiveness and influencing factors of HIV test kit distribution by female sex workers in low-end venues to clients in a city in Guangxi
Ya-ke XU1, Li WEI2, Shou-nan TAN2, Wen-ming HE2, Tao WEI2, Hui WANG2 , Wei DONG3
Affiliations
  • Institute for STD/AIDS Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan 450016, China
出版时间: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202602197
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目的

探索低档场所暗娼向嫖客推广传递人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)尿液检测试剂并动员检测的实施效果及影响因素,为两类人群的检测干预策略制定提供参考。

方法

2023年4—6月,在广西某市招募100名暗娼,由其向嫖客推荐参与简短调查并派发HIV尿液检测试剂动员嫖客自检,收集调查及检测数据,分析影响HIV传递检测的因素。

结果

有66名(66.0%)暗娼参与传递检测,传递检测组与未传递组在户籍、文化程度、每天服务人数、服务对象年龄等因素上存在差异(P<0.05)。共计504名嫖客接受了尿液传递检测,其中403人主动接受自检,101人被动接受同伴志愿者检测,HIV抗体阳性2例,阳性率0.40%。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,嫖客人群中,接受商业性服务1年以上(OR=5.601,95%CI:2.815~11.144)、在按摩屋之外地方寻找商业性服务(OR= 4.301,95%CI:1.576~11.737)、发生商业性行为时使用安全套(OR=3.794,95%CI:1.456~9.889)、定期进行HIV检测(OR=6.699,95%CI:2.279~19.690)的人更愿意接受HIV传递检测。意愿调查结果显示,89名暗娼(89.0%)愿意主动向嫖客推介HIV检测试剂,336名嫖客(66.7%)认为HIV传递检测的模式效果好值得推广。

结论

暗娼向嫖客开展HIV尿液传递检测模式可行。艾滋病防护意识强和有定期检测习惯的嫖客对传递检测的接受度更高。针对长期接受商业性服务的高活跃嫖客实施综合干预与传递检测,同时加强暗娼的动员能力培训,可作为阻断艾滋病商业异性性传播的创新策略。

暗娼  /  嫖客  /  艾滋病病毒  /  传递检测  /  影响因素
Objective

To explore the implementation effect and influencing factors of low-end venue female sex workers promoting and distributing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) urine test kits to clients and mobilizing them for self-testing,providing references for the formulation of intervention strategies for both groups.

Methods

From April to June 2023, 100 female sex workers were recruited in a city in Guangxi. They were asked to invite clients to participate in a brief survey,distribute HIV urine test kits, and encourage the clients to perform self-testing. Data from the survey and tests were collected and analyzed to identify factors influencing the promotion of HIV testing.

Results

A total of 66 (66.0%) female sex workers participated in the promotion of testing. There were differences between the promotion group and the non-promotion group in terms of household registration, educational level, number of clients served daily, and age of clients (P<0.05). A total of 504 clients accepted urine test kits for HIV transmission testing, among which 403 people voluntarily accepted self-testing and 101 were tested by peer volunteers. Two cases were positive for HIV antibodies, with a positive rate of 0.40%. The results of the multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that, among the client population, those who had received commercial sexual services for more than one year (OR=5.601, 95% CI: 2.815-11.144), sought commercial sexual services outside massage parlors (OR=4.301, 95% CI: 1.576-11.737), used condoms during commercial sexual activities (OR=3.794,95% CI: 1.456-9.889), and regularly underwent HIV testing (OR=6.699, 95% CI: 2.279-19.690) were more willing to accept the HIV transmission testing model. The results of the willingness survey showed that 89 female sex workers (89.0%) were willing to proactively offer HIV test kits to their clients, and 336 clients (66.7%) believed that the model of HIV transmission testing was effective and worth promoting.

Conclusion

The intervention model in which female sex workers provide HIV transmission testing to clients is feasible. Clients with a higher awareness of AIDS prevention and a habit of regular testing are more likely to accept the intervention form of transmission tests. Comprehensive intervention and transmission testing for highly active clients who have purchased commercial sexual services over a long period, together with strengthened training to improve the mobilization ability of female sex workers, can be regarded as an innovative strategy to prevent HIV transmission through commercial heterosexual contact.

Female sex workers  /  Clients  /  HIV  /  Transmission testing  /  Influencing factors
徐亚珂, 韦莉, 谭寿南, 何文明, 韦陶, 王慧, 董薇. 广西某市低档场所暗娼向嫖客传递HIV检测试剂的效果及影响因素研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (15) : 2865 -2871 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202602197
Ya-ke XU, Li WEI, Shou-nan TAN, Wen-ming HE, Tao WEI, Hui WANG, Wei DONG. Effectiveness and influencing factors of HIV test kit distribution by female sex workers in low-end venues to clients in a city in Guangxi[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (15) : 2865 -2871 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202602197
2024年全国艾滋病疫情显示,异性性传播占新报告病例73.4%,商业异性性行为是主要传播途径之一[1]。调查显示,广西地区中老年嫖客与暗娼的人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunocieficiency virus,HIV)抗体阳性检出率较高,且该人群流动性强、安全套使用率低,是艾滋病防控的重点与难点[2-3]。嫖客人群由于其活动隐匿性,对其开展干预和检测的难度较大,并且嫖客还会与配偶或固定性伴发生无保护性行为,造成HIV从高危人群到一般人群的传播[4]。相较于中高端娱乐场所,低档娱乐场所内暗娼与嫖客的安全套使用率更低,HIV经商业异性性传播的风险显著增高,同时该场所嫖客人群的HIV检测覆盖率远低于中高端场所,成为艾滋病传播干预体系中的突出薄弱环节[5]。在低档场所开展针对性的HIV检测干预工作具有极强的现实必要性,而依托场所内暗娼开展检测推广,能够精准触达嫖客这一高风险、低检测率的目标人群,有效填补该类场所的检测干预空白。HIV尿液快速检测作为一种便捷、安全、高效的检测方式,若能通过低档场所暗娼人群向嫖客推广,及时发现嫖客感染状况,对于阻断艾滋病传播链条具有重要意义[6]。因此,本研究以广西某市低档场所为试点,调查暗娼向嫖客人群传递开展HIV检测的可行性,并分析其影响因素,为制定商业性行为人群的HIV检测策略提供实践参考。
(1)广西某市低档场所(街头按摩店、洗脚店、出租屋、小发廊等)提供商业性服务的女性,年龄≥18岁、无精神疾病、具有独立行为能力,知情同意;(2) 接受暗娼服务的男性嫖客,年龄≥18岁、接受检测推介并完成问卷与HIV尿液检测。本研究通过了中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心伦理委员会批准(X221109710),所有调查对象知情并签署了自愿参与同意书。
2023年4—6月,招募当地低档场所的暗娼,开展统一标准化培训,内容包括:嫖客动员话术、HIV-1尿液自检试剂操作、结果判读、隐私保护、信息回传流程。培训合格后,向暗娼人群发放针对嫖客的调查问卷和HIV-1尿液检测试剂,由其在工作场所内推介嫖客填写问卷和接受HIV尿液检测。接受意愿高的对象自行进行尿检,无自检意愿的,由暗娼动员嫖客采集尿样,交由同伴志愿者进行尿检。
用EpiData 3.0软件建立数据库,调查表采用双录入并质控。用SPSS 23.0软件对数据进行统计描述和统计分析,计数资料用率表示,组间率的比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法。将主动接受自检设为因变量(1=是,0=否),采用Enter法,检验水准α=0.05,双侧检验。单因素有意义变量纳入多因素非条件logistic回归,利用非条件logistic回归分析嫖客人群中HIV抗体传递检测的影响因素,检验水准α=0.05。
共招募暗娼100人,平均年龄为(41.96±7.68)岁;已婚/固定性伴者占比48.0%,户籍为本县/市占67.0%;民族主要是壮族和汉族;文化程度以初中为主。100名暗娼中有66人同意向嫖客推广传递HIV抗体自检试剂,人均传递 7 人(范围:1~23 人)。传递检测组与未传递组相比,户籍、文化程度、每天服务人数、服务对象年龄、是否主动向嫖客宣传HIV检测知识等因素存在显著差异,并具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1。
本研究中66名参与HIV检测推广的暗娼,共向其服务的嫖客群体推介参与调查及检测687人次,504名嫖客完成问卷和检测,推介接受率73.36%(504/687);在完成检测的504名嫖客中,403人主动接受自检,主动检测比例为79.96%, 101人经暗娼动员提供尿样交由同伴志愿者开展HIV检测。504人中检出HIV阳性2例,阳性率为0.40%。
职业、商业性行为时间、商业性服务地点、商业性服务费用、既往进行商业性服务次数、性行为时安全套使用情况、既往HIV检测情况、HIV传递检测结果反馈方式、是否想知晓服务对象HIV感染状况等因素在主动接受传递检测组与非主动接受检测组中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。
将嫖客人群是否愿意主动接受HIV传递检测作为因变量(1=是,0=否),以人口学特征、商业性行为情况、既往HIV抗体检测、HIV传递结束反馈方式等经单因素分析有统计学意义的因素作为自变量,进行非条件logistic回归分析。结果显示:与接受商业性服务1年之内的嫖客相比,接受商业性服务1年以上的嫖客更愿意接受HIV传递检测;与在按摩屋寻找服务的嫖客相比,在其他场所寻找服务的嫖客对HIV传递检测接受度更高;与发生商业性行为时不使用安全套的嫖客相比,有时使用安全套的嫖客更愿意接受HIV传递检测;与既往未做过HIV检测的嫖客相比,定期进行HIV检测的嫖客更愿意接受HIV传递检测。见表3。
本次调查对504名受访嫖客及100名受访暗娼开展了HIV传递检测接受意愿调研,结果显示,嫖客人群中490人(97.2%)希望知晓自身HIV感染状况,496人(98.4%)希望了解为其提供商业性服务女性的HIV感染状况,403人(80.0%)愿意接受服务女性推荐的HIV检测试剂。对于由暗娼向嫖客推介HIV检测的模式,336人(66.7%)认为该方式效果良好且值得推广,108人(21.4%)认为模式可行但推广难度较大,60人(11.9%)认为该方式不适宜且无法推广。对于传递检测模式推广的主要障碍,415人(82.3%)认为检测流程繁琐,48人(9.5%)表示不愿在娱乐消费时段进行检测,40人(7.9%)担忧检测结果呈阳性后无法继续接受商业性服务。
暗娼人群中,97人(97.0%)希望了解服务对象的HIV感染状况,89人(89.0%)愿意主动向嫖客推介HIV检测试剂。针对暗娼向嫖客推广HIV检测的方式,56人(56.0%)认为该方式效果良好且应推广,29人(29.0%)认为方式尚可但推广难度较高,15人(15.0%)认为该方式不可行且难以开展。暗娼认为该推广方式存在实施困难的主要原因:33 人(33.0%)担忧嫖客拒绝检测并影响自身经营,20人(20.0%)顾虑检测结果阳性引发双方纠纷,22人(22.0%)表示缺乏向嫖客介绍检测的沟通能力,无法清晰阐释检测相关内容。
本研究以广西某市低档娱乐场所为试点,探索暗娼向嫖客传递 HIV 尿液快速检测的可行性及影响因素,结果显示,66.0%的暗娼参与检测传递,73.36%的被推介嫖客完成问卷及检测,且79.96%的嫖客主动接受自检,证实该干预模式在低档场所具备实践可行性,同时也明确了影响两类人群参与检测传递的关键因素,为商业异性性传播人群的 HIV 检测干预策略优化提供了现场数据支撑。
本研究结果显示,在低档场所中35岁以上的暗娼所占比例较高,文化程度较低,服务的嫖客主要以40岁以上人群为主,这与其他学者的研究结果一致[7-8]。愿意向嫖客传递HIV检测与不愿意的暗娼人群相比较,本市户籍人群以及每天服务客人数≥2个所占的比例较高,这可能是由于本地暗娼人群具有“方言优势”,能清晰解释传递检测的优势,嫖客也能轻松掌握HIV尿液检测的方法。而每天服务客人数较多的暗娼,通常工作时间更长、与嫖客的互动更频繁,推广传递检测的途径更多元化,同时也意味着她们发生无保护性行为的概率更高,因此更有动力向嫖客推广HIV传递检测,她们的这些行为特征与陈禹衡等[9]的研究相同。
本次研究中,嫖客人群的HIV阳性率为0.40%,低于该市2020—2022年嫖客人群HIV哨点监测的1.56%[10],提示传递检测更易覆盖依从性好、风险偏低人群。一方面,部分已知自身HIV感染状况的阳性者可能因隐私顾虑或回避检测而未参与本次研究,导致阳性病例被低估。另一方面,本研究聚焦低档场所嫖客,且通过性服务工作者转介招募,参与人群更偏向配合度高、风险意识较强的嫖客,本身高危行为可能更少。研究人群在风险行为、场所类型上与全市哨点监测人群存在结构性差异,因此导致本次观察到的感染率偏低。此外,本研究采用 HIV 尿液快速检测方式,操作便捷且无创,吸引了更多低风险人群参与,也一定程度上降低了阳性检出率。
嫖客主动接受检测的影响因素分析显示,接受商业性服务1年以上、在按摩屋以外场所寻找服务、商业性行为时使用安全套、定期进行HIV检测的嫖客,主动接受检测的意愿显著更高,这与李春英等[3]关于广西农村地区低档场所嫖客检测行为的研究结果一致。长期接受商业性服务的嫖客自身感染风险感知更高,主动检测的健康需求更迫切;按摩屋以外的场所(如出租屋、街头)经营更隐蔽,传统防艾干预覆盖不足,嫖客对新型检测传递模式的接受度更高;使用安全套及定期检测的嫖客,防艾意识和健康行为习惯更好,更易配合检测工作[11]。而农民嫖客主动检测率较低,主要与其文化程度偏低、防艾知识知晓率不高、风险感知不足有关[12],这提示后续干预需针对农民等重点人群开展精准化的防艾宣传与检测动员。
两类人群的接受意愿调研结果,进一步凸显了在低档场所开展检测传递的现实基础与实施痛点。嫖客群体中希望知晓自身感染状况,了解服务提供者感染状况,愿意接受暗娼推荐的检测试剂的人占比很高,反映出嫖客对HIV检测存在强烈的内在需求。但嫖客拒绝检测的核心原因集中于检测流程繁琐、娱乐时段检测的场景抵触及阳性结果的服务顾虑,提示后续需优化检测服务供给,简化尿液检测操作流程,结合低档场所的服务场景设计灵活的检测时间与方式,同时加强隐私保护宣传,消除嫖客对检测结果的后顾之忧[13]。暗娼群体中希望了解服务对象感染状况、愿意推介检测试剂的人占比很高,说明该群体既存在强烈的自我健康防护需求,也具备主动参与艾滋病预防工作的主观意愿,是在低档场所开展HIV检测传递工作的核心可行主体。但担忧嫖客拒绝影响经营、顾虑阳性结果引发纠纷以及沟通能力短板,成为制约检测传递开展的主要障碍,这要求后续推广中需针对暗娼开展专项能力建设,优化检测推广沟通话术,制定嫖客拒绝、结果纠纷等突发情况的应对方案,同时结合场所特征制定合理的推广策略,降低暗娼因开展检测推广对自身经营的影响。
本研究重点聚焦低档场所开展检测传递干预,其核心价值体现在该类场所是HIV商业异性性传播干预的薄弱环节与关键阵地。相较于中高端场所,低档场所经营隐蔽、管理松散,安全套使用率更低[2],且暗娼与嫖客的流动性更强,传统的防艾宣传、检测服务难以有效覆盖,成为HIV隐匿传播的重要场景。本研究通过暗娼向嫖客传递HIV尿液快速检测试剂,利用暗娼与嫖客的直接接触优势,实现了对低档场所隐蔽性高危人群的检测覆盖,为阻断HIV传播链条提供了高效、可行的现场干预路径。
本研究为现场干预试点探索,结果主要反映特定场所人群特征。研究具有一定的局限性,一是方便抽样易优先纳入配合度高、易接触的人群,而对隐蔽性更强的群体覆盖不足。嫖客需通过“暗娼推介”参与调查和检测,暗娼的主观倾向会直接影响样本,易造成嫖客样本的选择偏倚。二是受研究设计限制,未对拒绝参与调查的嫖客进行基础信息登记,无法开展接受/未接受检测人群的特征对比分析,难以全面反映影响检测参与的关键因素。三是仅开展定量调查,未结合定性访谈深入分析暗娼与嫖客的检测行为动机与顾虑,研究深度有待进一步提升。
综上,研究结果表明由暗娼向嫖客开展HIV传递检测的干预模式具备可行性。艾滋病防护意识较高、有定期检测习惯的嫖客更易接受该干预形式,本市户籍、服务频次较高的暗娼是检测传递的核心力量。针对长期接受商业性服务、月均商业性行为频次较高的性活跃嫖客实施综合干预与HIV传递检测,同时围绕暗娼的能力短板与现实顾虑提供专项支持,有望成为阻断艾滋病经商业异性性传播的创新干预策略。

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2026年第53卷第15期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202602197
  • 接收时间:2026-02-14
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-08-10
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    1. 河南省疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病防治研究所,河南 郑州 450016
    2. 柳州市疾病预防控制中心,广西 柳州 545005
    3.中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心,北京 102206

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
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