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Article(id=1311350122814997111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349984730116963, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512345, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1766246400000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579832985, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1784908800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579832985, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579832985, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579832985, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311349984730116963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='14', pageStart='2497', pageEnd='2688', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784908800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579800064, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588348354, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311385838924169506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349984730116963, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311385838924169507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349984730116963, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2573, endPage=2580, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350123066655352, articleId=1311350122814997111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Screening of occupatinal health risk assessment methods for condensate oil in natural gas extraction, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To identify the main chemical occupational hazard factors and their exposure levels associated with condensate oil in natural gas exploitation, and to explore occupational health risk assessment methods for chemical hazards in this industry, so as to provide a basis for accurately preventing occupational hazards and protecting the health of occupational populations.

Methods

Based on occupational health surveys, condensate oil component analysis and continuous monitoring of chemical occupational hazards, the occupational health risks of condensate oil exposure in natural gas exploitation were assessed using the comprehensive index method, ICMM quantitative assessment method and occupational hazard risk index method.

Results

The main occupational hazard factors of condensate oil in natural gas exploitation were benzene, toluene, xylene, n-hexane and cyclohexane. Their time-weighted average concentrations (CTWA) ranged within 1%-50% of the occupational exposure limits (OELs). Among the 10 gas production well stations, only xylene concentration showed statistical significance (P<0.001), while concentrations of the other four chemical toxicants were generally consistent (P>0.05). Short-term exposure concentrations (CSTEL) of all five typical chemical toxicants were detected in the gas field water treatment station, with generally consistent concentrations (P>0.05). Analysis of occupational health risk levels showed that according to the comprehensive index method, benzene was rated as extremely high risk in both gas production stations and gas field water treatment stations, toluene, n-hexane and cyclohexane as high risk, and xylene as medium risk. According to the occupational hazard risk index method, benzene was moderate risk in the gas field water treatment station and mild risk in gas production stations, while all other factors were assessed as no risk. In the ICMM quantitative assessment method, only benzene in the gas field water treatment station was rated as intolerable risk, and all other factors were rated as tolerable risk. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences in the rating distributions among the three methods (P<0.05), indicating that different assessment systems varied in their ability to discriminate risk levels of hazardous factors.

Conclusion

Benzene, toluene, xylene, n-hexane and cyclohexane should be the key occupational hazards concerned in condensate oil exposure in the natural gas exploitation industry. The improved ICMM quantitative assessment is a suitable method for occupational health risk assessment of condensate oil in natural gas exploitation.

, authors=Yue-yuan ZHU1, Lin-yue LI1, Yong-wei WANG1, 2, authorsList=Yue-yuan ZHU, Lin-yue LI, Yong-wei WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yong-wei WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350130624791175, articleId=1311350122814997111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=天然气开采凝析油职业健康风险评估方法筛选, columnId=1228016571273113811, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=环境与职业卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

明确天然气开采凝析油存在的主要化学职业病危害因素及其暴露水平，探究该行业化学有害因素职业健康风险评估方法，为精准预防职业病危害因素、保护职业人群健康提供依据。

方法

基于职业卫生调查、凝析油组分分析及职业病化学有害因素连续监测，采用综合指数法、ICMM定量评估法及职业危害风险指数法评估天然气开采凝析油暴露职业健康风险。

结果

天然气开采凝析油主要职业病危害因素为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、正己烷、环己烷，其时间加权浓度（CTWA）处于1%~50%OELs区间，10个采气井站中，仅有二甲苯的浓度水平存在统计学意义（P<0.001），其余4种化学毒物浓度均基本一致（P>0.05）；气田水处理站五种典型化学毒物短时间浓度（CSTEL）均有检出，且浓度基本一致（P>0.05）。职业健康风险等级分析，采气站与气田水处理站综合指数法风险，苯均为极高风险，甲苯、正己烷、环己烷为高风险，二甲苯为中等风险；职业危害风险指数法显示，气田水处理站苯为中度风险，采气站苯为轻度风险，其余均无风险；ICMM定量评估法中仅有气田水处理站苯的风险评级为不可容忍风险，其余均为可容忍风险；三种方法Kruskal-Wallis检验评级分布存在差异（P<0.05）。反映出不同评估体系在有害因素风险等级的判别能力上有所不同。

结论

天然气开采行业凝析油暴露应重点关注职业病危害因素为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、正己烷、环己烷，改良后的ICMM定量评估是天然气开采凝析油职业健康风险评估的适宜方法。

, authors=朱玥爰1, 李林玥1, 王永伟1, 2, authorsList=朱玥爰, 李林玥, 王永伟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王永伟, authorNote=

朱玥爰（1999—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：公共卫生

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王永伟，E-mail:
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Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2023, 45(3): 981-995., articleTitle=Particular pollutants, human health risk and ecological risk of oil-based drilling fluid: a case study of Fuling shale gas field, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350140229747402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=51, issue=8, pageStart=1390, pageEnd=1395, 1419, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=6, authorNames=秦汝男, 刘保峰, 李旭东, journalName=现代预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=秦汝男，刘保峰，李旭东，等．不同类型程序性细胞死亡在苯致血液毒性作用中的研究进展［J］．现代预防医学，2024，51(8)：1390-1395, 1419．, articleTitle=不同类型程序性细胞死亡在苯致血液毒性作用中的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350140305244875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=51, issue=8, pageStart=1390, pageEnd=1395, 1419, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Qin RN, Liu BF, Li XD, journalName=Modern Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qin RN, Liu BF, Li XD, et al. Progress of different programmed cell death pathways in benzene induced hematotoxicity［J］. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024, 51(8): 1390-1395, 1419.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Progress of different programmed cell death pathways in benzene induced hematotoxicity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350140389130956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=232, pageEnd=234, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=8, authorNames=吴梅香, journalName=工业卫生与职业病, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴梅香．凝析油炼制过程中职业病危害因素的分析与控制［J］．工业卫生与职业病，2013，39(4)：232-234．, articleTitle=凝析油炼制过程中职业病危害因素的分析与控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350140452045517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=232, pageEnd=234, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Wu MX, journalName=Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu MX. Analysis and control of occupational hazards in the processing of condensate oil［J］. Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases, 2013, 39(4): 232-234.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis and control of occupational hazards in the processing of condensate oil, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350140519154382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=140, issue=4, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Benson C, Dimopoulos C, Argyropoulos CD, journalName=Safety Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Benson C, Dimopoulos C, Argyropoulos CD, et al. Assessing the common occupational health hazards and their health risks among oil and gas workers［J］. Safety Science, 2021, 140(4): 105284., articleTitle=Assessing the common occupational health hazards and their health risks among oil and gas workers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350140582068943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=11, authorNames=中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会．GBZ/T 298-2017 工作场所化学有害因素职业健康风险评估技术导则［S］．北京：中国标准出版社，2017．, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350140653372112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=12, authorNames=National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China. GBZ/T 298-2017 Guidelines for occupational health risk assessment of chemicals in the workplace［S］. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2017.(In Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350140720480977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=57, issue=7, pageStart=847, pageEnd=856, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Witter RZ, Tenney L, Clark S, journalName=American Journal of Industrial Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Witter RZ, Tenney L, Clark S, et al. Occupational exposures in the oil and gas extraction industry: State of the science and research recommendations［J］. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2014, 57(7): 847-856., articleTitle=Occupational exposures in the oil and gas extraction industry: State of the science and research recommendations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350140795978450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=14, authorNames=广东省职业卫生技术质量控制中心, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=广东省职业卫生技术质量控制中心．GDOHTQC 001-2020 化学品中挥发性有机组分定性分析和峰面积百分比测定 顶空气相色谱-质谱法［S］．广州：广东省职业病防治院，2020．, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350140867281619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Guangdong Occupational Health Technical Quality Control Center, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guangdong Occupational Health Technical Quality Control Center. GDOHTQC 001-2020 Qualitative analysis of volatile organic compounds and determination of peak area percentage in chemicals—Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry［S］. Guangzhou: Guangdong Provincial Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, 2020.(In Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350140938584788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=16, authorNames=中华人民共和国卫生部, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国卫生部．BZ 159-2004 工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范［S］．北京：人民卫生出版社，2004．, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350140997305045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Ministry of Health of the People’sRepublic of China, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ministry of Health of the People’sRepublic of China. GBZ 159-2004 Specifications of air sampling for hazardous substances monitoring in the workplace［S］. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House, 2004.(In Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350141093774038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=18, authorNames=中华人民共和国卫生部, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国卫生部．GBZ/T 160.42-2007 工作场所空气有毒物质测定 芳香烃类化合物［S］．北京：人民卫生出版社，2007．, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350141169271511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China. GBZ/T 160.42-2007 Determination of aromatic hydrocarbons in the air of workplace［S］. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House, 2007.(In Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350141248963288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=20, authorNames=中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会．GBZ/T 300.60-2017 工作场所空气有毒物质测定 第60部分：戊烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷和壬烷［S］．北京：中国标准出版社，2017．, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350141332849369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=21, authorNames=National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China. GBZ/T 300.60-2017 Determination of toxic substances in workplace air—part 60: pentane, hexane, heptane, octane and nonane［S］. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2017.(In Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350141395763930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=22, authorNames=中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会．GBZ/T 300.65-2017 工作场所空气有毒物质测定 第65部分：环己烷和甲基环己烷［S］．北京：中国标准出版社，2017．, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350141454484187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=23, authorNames=National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China. GBZ/T 300.65-2017 Determination of toxic substances in workplace air—part 65: cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane［S］. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2017.(In Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350141525787356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=24, authorNames=中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会．GBZ/T 300.66-2017 工作场所空气有毒物质测定 第66部分：苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯［S］．北京：中国标准出版社，2017．, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350141618062045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=25, authorNames=National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China. GBZ/T 300.66-2017 Determination of toxic substances in workplace air—part 66: benzene, toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene［S］. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2017.(In Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350141706142430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=19, issue=3, pageStart=187, pageEnd=188, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=26, authorNames=史子春, journalName=中国卫生统计, refType=null, unstructuredReference=史子春．综合指数法评价工业卫生工作的探讨［J］．中国卫生统计，2002，19(3)：187-188．, articleTitle=综合指数法评价工业卫生工作的探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350141781639903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=19, issue=3, pageStart=187, pageEnd=188, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Shi ZC, journalName=Chinese Journal of Health Statistics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi ZC. A study on evaluating industrial hygiene work using the comprehensive index method［J］. Chinese Journal of Health Statistics, 2002, 19(3): 187-188.(In Chinese), articleTitle=A study on evaluating industrial hygiene work using the comprehensive index method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350141844554464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=24, issue=12, pageStart=769, pageEnd=771, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=28, authorNames=林嗣豪, 王治明, 唐文娟, journalName=中华劳动卫生职业病杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=林嗣豪，王治明，唐文娟，等．职业危害风险指数评估方法的初步研究［J］．中华劳动卫生职业病杂志，2006，24(12)：769-771．, articleTitle=职业危害风险指数评估方法的初步研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350141920051937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=24, issue=12, pageStart=769, pageEnd=771, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Lin SH, Wang ZM, Tang WJ, journalName=Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lin SH, Wang ZM, Tang WJ, et al. A methodological study on occupational hazard risk index［J］. Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, 2006, 24(12): 769-771.(In Chinese), articleTitle=A methodological study on occupational hazard risk index, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350143526470370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=59, issue=3, pageStart=409, pageEnd=414, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=30, authorNames=王思华, 王彭彭, 李宏斌, journalName=郑州大学学报（医学版）, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王思华，王彭彭，李宏斌，等．基于5种风险评估方法评估汽车制造业喷漆和焊接岗位中化学有害因素的职业健康风险［J］．郑州大学学报（医学版），2024，59(3)：409-414．, articleTitle=基于5种风险评估方法评估汽车制造业喷漆和焊接岗位中化学有害因素的职业健康风险, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350143618745059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=59, issue=3, pageStart=409, pageEnd=414, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Wang SH, Wang PP, Li HB, journalName=Journal of Zhengzhou University (Medical Sciences), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang SH, Wang PP, Li HB, et al. Occupational health risk of chemical harmful factors in painting and welding positions in automobile manufacturing industry based on 5 risk assessment methods［J］. Journal of Zhengzhou University (Medical Sciences), 2024, 59(3): 409-414.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Occupational health risk of chemical harmful factors in painting and welding positions in automobile manufacturing industry based on 5 risk assessment methods, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350143723602660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=20, issue=4, pageStart=550, pageEnd=554, 558, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=32, authorNames=石婷, 王永伟, 王偲怡, journalName=中国卫生工程学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=石婷，王永伟，王偲怡，等．4种风险评估模型在粉尘职业暴露重点行业中的应用研究［J］．中国卫生工程学，2021，20(4)：550-554, 558．, articleTitle=4种风险评估模型在粉尘职业暴露重点行业中的应用研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350143807488741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=20, issue=4, pageStart=550, pageEnd=554, 558, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Shi T, Wang YW, Wang CY, journalName=Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi T, Wang YW, Wang CY, et al. Application of four risk assessment models in key industries of occupational dust exposure［J］. Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering, 2021, 20(4): 550-554, 558.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Application of four risk assessment models in key industries of occupational dust exposure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350143866208998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=8, pageStart=13, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=34, authorNames=杨术刚, 王庆吉, 张坤峰, journalName=工业水处理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨术刚，王庆吉，张坤峰，等．我国气田采出水处置面临的关键挑战与对策建议［J］．工业水处理，2024，44(8)：13-20．, articleTitle=我国气田采出水处置面临的关键挑战与对策建议, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350143929123559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=8, pageStart=13, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Yang SG, Wang QJ, Zhang KF, journalName=Industrial Water Treatment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang SG, Wang QJ, Zhang KF, et al. Key challenges and countermeasures for treatment and disposal of gas field produced water in China［J］. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(8): 13-20.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Key challenges and countermeasures for treatment and disposal of gas field produced water in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350143996232424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=24, issue=1, pageStart=57, pageEnd=59, 62, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=36, authorNames=周艳杰, 池坤, 邓展飞, journalName=油气田环境保护, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周艳杰，池坤，邓展飞，等．油田生产过程中主要风险因素防范建议［J］．油气田环境保护，2014，24(1)：57-59, 62．, articleTitle=油田生产过程中主要风险因素防范建议, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350144080118505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=24, issue=1, pageStart=57, pageEnd=59, 62, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Zhou YJ, Chi K, Deng ZF, journalName=Environmental Protection of Oil & Gas Fields, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou YJ, Chi K, Deng ZF, et al. Suggestions on preventing major risks in oilfield production［J］. Environmental Protection of Oil & Gas Fields, 2014, 24(1): 57-59, 62.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Suggestions on preventing major risks in oilfield production, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350144164004586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=51, issue=1, pageStart=90, pageEnd=93, 98, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=38, authorNames=陈林, 赵秋妮, 徐酩, journalName=中国职业医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈林，赵秋妮，徐酩，等．综合指数法在铅酸蓄电池企业职业健康风险评估中的应用［J］．中国职业医学，2024，51(1)：90-93, 98．, articleTitle=综合指数法在铅酸蓄电池企业职业健康风险评估中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350144231113451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=51, issue=1, pageStart=90, pageEnd=93, 98, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Chen L, Zhao QN, Xu M, journalName=China Occupational Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen L, Zhao QN, Xu M, et al. Application of a comprehensive index method for occupational health risk assessment in lead-acid battery enterprises［J］. China Occupational Medicine, 2024, 51(1): 90-93, 98.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Application of a comprehensive index method for occupational health risk assessment in lead-acid battery enterprises, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350144302416620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=13, issue=3, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Li Q, Li X, Qin G, journalName=Frontiers in Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Q, Li X, Qin G, et al. Application and comparison of five risk assessment methods in ferrous metal foundry enterprises with silica dust concentration exceeding the limit posts［J］. Frontiers in Public Health, 2025, 13(3): 1465284., articleTitle=Application and comparison of five risk assessment methods in ferrous metal foundry enterprises with silica dust concentration exceeding the limit posts, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1311350139457995459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, awardId=23H0825, language=CN, fundingSource=中石化横向项目基金(23H0825), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350132797440650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350132805829259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, companyId=1311350132797440650, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350132822606476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, companyId=1311350132797440650, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院（华西第四医院），四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350133015544461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350133028127374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, companyId=1311350133015544461, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.四川省职业卫生应急（甲级）重点实验室)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311350135876059817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Total Ion Chromatograms by GC-MS, figureFileSmall=1x0UCiTucu8ugaeBw8knbw==, figureFileBig=83Wak3PLD3Ua4A3yXYiWRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350135955751594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=CN, label=图1, caption=GC-MS总离子流色谱图, figureFileSmall=1x0UCiTucu8ugaeBw8knbw==, figureFileBig=83Wak3PLD3Ua4A3yXYiWRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350136161272491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Individual exposure levels to typical chemical toxins in condensate oil at gas production well sites, figureFileSmall=PfD2Xu6qrfiHF0eqN4G9gA==, figureFileBig=wRr7O1zhNLcFAb9jQm0NMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350136245158572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=CN, label=图2, caption=采气井站凝析油典型化学有害因素个体暴露水平

注：箱式图箱体范围为四分位距（IQR），whiskers为Q1/Q3±1.5IQR，超出范围的点定义为离群值。A:苯B:甲苯C：二甲苯D:正己烷E:环己烷。

, figureFileSmall=PfD2Xu6qrfiHF0eqN4G9gA==, figureFileBig=wRr7O1zhNLcFAb9jQm0NMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350136308073133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Trend of concentration levels of typical chemical toxicants in condensed oil under continuous monitoring, figureFileSmall=JtsfSmBf29mT6gJm/GtiMQ==, figureFileBig=SYxE0oh5jlQWygWpNco8/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350136366793390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=CN, label=图3, caption=气田水处理站凝析油典型化学毒物浓度水平

注：箱式图箱体范围为四分位距（IQR），whiskers为Q1/Q3±1.5IQR，超出范围的点定义为离群值。A:苯B:甲苯C：二甲苯D:正己烷E:环己烷。

, figureFileSmall=JtsfSmBf29mT6gJm/GtiMQ==, figureFileBig=SYxE0oh5jlQWygWpNco8/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350136429707951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Risk factor assignment for improved ICMM quantitative assessment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风险因素原模型分类改良后分类赋值
暴露概率持续超过毒物浓度>1.5OELs10.0
间断地OELs<毒物浓度≤1.5OELs6.0
不经常，但有可能性现场检测浓度=OELs3.0
只有极小可能（但曾发生过）0.5OELs<毒物浓度<OELs1.0
可能，但可能性极微毒物浓度≤0.5OELs0.5
暴露时间连续工作8 h每班连续工作时长>6 h10.0
每班连续工作2 h至4 h2h<每班连续工作时长≤6 h6.0
每班连续工作1 h至2 h每班连续工作时长≤2 h3.0
每个月几次（>1次）/2.0
每年几次（>1次）/1.0
每年一次/0.5
后果一人或多人死亡/100.0
重大残疾/50.0
缺勤时间超过14 d的严重疾病/15.0
缺勤时间超过7 d，低于14 d的重大疾病/7.0
缺勤时间7 d及以下的小病/1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1311350136509399728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

改良后ICMM定量评估法风险因素赋值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风险因素原模型分类改良后分类赋值
暴露概率持续超过毒物浓度>1.5OELs10.0
间断地OELs<毒物浓度≤1.5OELs6.0
不经常，但有可能性现场检测浓度=OELs3.0
只有极小可能（但曾发生过）0.5OELs<毒物浓度<OELs1.0
可能，但可能性极微毒物浓度≤0.5OELs0.5
暴露时间连续工作8 h每班连续工作时长>6 h10.0
每班连续工作2 h至4 h2h<每班连续工作时长≤6 h6.0
每班连续工作1 h至2 h每班连续工作时长≤2 h3.0
每个月几次（>1次）/2.0
每年几次（>1次）/1.0
每年一次/0.5
后果一人或多人死亡/100.0
重大残疾/50.0
缺勤时间超过14 d的严重疾病/15.0
缺勤时间超过7 d，低于14 d的重大疾病/7.0
缺勤时间7 d及以下的小病/1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1311350136584897201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Component detection results of condensate oil samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化学组分峰面积百分比（%）
第1批第2批第3批
苯5.053.72低于检出限
1,2-二氯乙烷低于检出限低于检出限低于检出限
正己烷低于检出限低于检出限低于检出限
三氯甲烷低于检出限低于检出限低于检出限
三氯乙烯低于检出限低于检出限低于检出限
二甲胺低于检出限2.132.92
新戊烷1.651.221.40
环己烷低于检出限0.540.39
正庚烷0.57低于检出限1.17
甲苯3.023.383.61
正辛烷1.300.851.51
乙苯0.550.700.70
二甲苯（全部异构体）2.883.583.47
壬烷0.480.910.80
其他烃类化合物38.2749.4049.40
其他苯系物0.300.610.61
其他化合物33.4324.2024.06
低于报告限组分1.732.212.21
总挥发性有机组分峰面积百分比89.2393.6292.25
无机组分峰面积百分比10.776.387.75
), ArticleFig(id=1311350136681366194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

凝析油原液组分分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化学组分峰面积百分比（%）
第1批第2批第3批
苯5.053.72低于检出限
1,2-二氯乙烷低于检出限低于检出限低于检出限
正己烷低于检出限低于检出限低于检出限
三氯甲烷低于检出限低于检出限低于检出限
三氯乙烯低于检出限低于检出限低于检出限
二甲胺低于检出限2.132.92
新戊烷1.651.221.40
环己烷低于检出限0.540.39
正庚烷0.57低于检出限1.17
甲苯3.023.383.61
正辛烷1.300.851.51
乙苯0.550.700.70
二甲苯（全部异构体）2.883.583.47
壬烷0.480.910.80
其他烃类化合物38.2749.4049.40
其他苯系物0.300.610.61
其他化合物33.4324.2024.06
低于报告限组分1.732.212.21
总挥发性有机组分峰面积百分比89.2393.6292.25
无机组分峰面积百分比10.776.387.75
), ArticleFig(id=1311350136756863667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of continuous individual sampling results for typical chemical toxins in condensate oil at well stations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岗位名称化学有害因素采样批次检出采气井站数量（个）CTWA（mg/m3）P值
低于检出限1%~50%OEL51%~99%OEL超标CMax
采气工（17份个体采样/批）苯191000.13±0.110.410.501
291000.06±0.060.25
3100000.06±0.000.06
4100000.06±0.000.06
582000.15±0.260.92
682000.15±0.260.92
甲苯191000.23±0.130.470.052
291000.10±0.080.34
3100000.12±0.000.12
482000.14±0.050.26
591000.17±0.130.51
691000.16±0.120.52
二甲苯191000.51±0.310.98<0.001
2100000.20±0.000.20
3100000.33±0.000.33
4100000.33±0.000.33
5100000.33±0.000.33
691000.33±0.000.33
正己烷182000.04±0.050.170.795
291000.02±0.040.11
382000.04±0.060.17
482000.07±0.130.40
582000.09±0.190.65
682000.09±0.200.66
环己烷182000.12±0.150.520.542
273000.09±0.100.29
382000.08±0.100.30
464000.22±0.280.85
564000.12±0.170.58
664000.13±0.200.70
), ArticleFig(id=1311350136840749748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

井站凝析油典型化学有害因素个体采样结果分析（CTWA）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岗位名称化学有害因素采样批次检出采气井站数量（个）CTWA（mg/m3）P值
低于检出限1%~50%OEL51%~99%OEL超标CMax
采气工（17份个体采样/批）苯191000.13±0.110.410.501
291000.06±0.060.25
3100000.06±0.000.06
4100000.06±0.000.06
582000.15±0.260.92
682000.15±0.260.92
甲苯191000.23±0.130.470.052
291000.10±0.080.34
3100000.12±0.000.12
482000.14±0.050.26
591000.17±0.130.51
691000.16±0.120.52
二甲苯191000.51±0.310.98<0.001
2100000.20±0.000.20
3100000.33±0.000.33
4100000.33±0.000.33
5100000.33±0.000.33
691000.33±0.000.33
正己烷182000.04±0.050.170.795
291000.02±0.040.11
382000.04±0.060.17
482000.07±0.130.40
582000.09±0.190.65
682000.09±0.200.66
环己烷182000.12±0.150.520.542
273000.09±0.100.29
382000.08±0.100.30
464000.22±0.280.85
564000.12±0.170.58
664000.13±0.200.70
), ArticleFig(id=1311350136916247221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of exposure levels to typical chemical toxins in condensate oil at gas field water treatment stations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岗位名称典型化学毒物批次CSTEL（mg/m3）（）P值
水处理工（气田水处理）苯13.14±4.260.991
22.46±3.83
33.66±6.09
43.89±5.81
53.53±3.28
63.21±2.93
甲苯16.93±10.101.000
26.61±11.77
37.78±13.79
46.75±10.27
56.87±7.66
67.16±8.05
二甲苯13.68±1.630.918
23.86±2.27
33.82±2.15
43.17±0.44
53.11±1.83
63.19±1.96
正己烷10.72±1.010.794
20.47±0.67
30.46±0.99
41.28±2.01
50.71±1.10
60.76±1.21
环己烷14.91±5.530.535
22.64±4.34
33.83±5.26
47.17±8.16
52.84±2.97
62.94±3.20
), ArticleFig(id=1311350137000133302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

气田水处理站凝析油典型化学毒物暴露水平分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岗位名称典型化学毒物批次CSTEL（mg/m3）（）P值
水处理工（气田水处理）苯13.14±4.260.991
22.46±3.83
33.66±6.09
43.89±5.81
53.53±3.28
63.21±2.93
甲苯16.93±10.101.000
26.61±11.77
37.78±13.79
46.75±10.27
56.87±7.66
67.16±8.05
二甲苯13.68±1.630.918
23.86±2.27
33.82±2.15
43.17±0.44
53.11±1.83
63.19±1.96
正己烷10.72±1.010.794
20.47±0.67
30.46±0.99
41.28±2.01
50.71±1.10
60.76±1.21
环己烷14.91±5.530.535
22.64±4.34
33.83±5.26
47.17±8.16
52.84±2.97
62.94±3.20
), ArticleFig(id=1311350137121768119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comprehensive index method evaluation results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
毒物名称蒸汽压力E/OEL危害控制措施日接触时间
（h）		ER评分RR评分风险指数风险等级
苯
采气站42122.001.55.0极高风险
水处理站43142.6336.05.0极高风险
甲苯51121.781.54.0高风险
二甲苯41121.681.53.0中等风险
正己烷51121.781.54.0高风险
环己烷51121.781.54.0高风险
), ArticleFig(id=1311350137188876984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

综合指数法评估结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
毒物名称蒸汽压力E/OEL危害控制措施日接触时间
（h）		ER评分RR评分风险指数风险等级
苯
采气站42122.001.55.0极高风险
水处理站43142.6336.05.0极高风险
甲苯51121.781.54.0高风险
二甲苯41121.681.53.0中等风险
正己烷51121.781.54.0高风险
环己烷51121.781.54.0高风险
), ArticleFig(id=1311350137251791545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Occupational hazard risk index method assessment results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
毒物名称暴露人数暴露时间工程防护措施个体防护措施作业条件等级风险等级
苯
采气站52212.11轻度危害
水处理站53212.34中度危害
甲苯52212.11无危害
二甲苯52212.11无危害
正己烷52212.11无危害
环己烷52212.11无危害
), ArticleFig(id=1311350137335677626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

职业危害风险指数法评估结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
毒物名称暴露人数暴露时间工程防护措施个体防护措施作业条件等级风险等级
苯
采气站52212.11轻度危害
水处理站53212.34中度危害
甲苯52212.11无危害
二甲苯52212.11无危害
正己烷52212.11无危害
环己烷52212.11无危害
), ArticleFig(id=1311350137415369403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

ICMM quantitative evaluation method assessment results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
毒物名称CPrEPeERR值风险评级
苯
采气站10.531.5可容忍风险
水处理站16.0636.0不可容忍风险
甲苯10.531.5可容忍风险
二甲苯10.531.5可容忍风险
正己烷10.531.5可容忍风险
环己烷10.531.5可容忍风险
), ArticleFig(id=1311350139034370750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

ICMM定量评估法评估结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
毒物名称CPrEPeERR值风险评级
苯
采气站10.531.5可容忍风险
水处理站16.0636.0不可容忍风险
甲苯10.531.5可容忍风险
二甲苯10.531.5可容忍风险
正己烷10.531.5可容忍风险
环己烷10.531.5可容忍风险
), ArticleFig(id=1311350139139228351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Correspondence of risk levels and assigned values for three occupational health risk assessment methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风险水平综合指数法职业危害风险指数法ICMM定量评估法赋值
最低可忽略无危害可容忍风险1
较低低风险轻度危害潜在风险2
中等中等风险中度危害高风险3
较高高风险高度危害非常高风险4
最高极高风险极度危害不可容忍风险5
), ArticleFig(id=1311350139214725824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

三种职业健康风险评估方法风险等级对应关系及赋值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风险水平综合指数法职业危害风险指数法ICMM定量评估法赋值
最低可忽略无危害可容忍风险1
较低低风险轻度危害潜在风险2
中等中等风险中度危害高风险3
较高高风险高度危害非常高风险4
最高极高风险极度危害不可容忍风险5
), ArticleFig(id=1311350139290223297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Analysis of grade distribution in three risk assessment results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
统计指标H值自由度（df）P值
等级分布12.26320.002
), ArticleFig(id=1311350139365720770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350122814997111, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

三种风险评估结果等级分布分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
统计指标H值自由度（df）P值
等级分布12.26320.002
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天然气开采凝析油职业健康风险评估方法筛选
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朱玥爰 1 , 李林玥 1 , 王永伟 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2026,53(14): 2573-2580
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现代预防医学 |环境与职业卫生 2026 , 53 (14) : 2573 -2580
天然气开采凝析油职业健康风险评估方法筛选
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朱玥爰（1999—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：公共卫生

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朱玥爰（1999—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：公共卫生

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朱玥爰1, 李林玥1, 王永伟1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院（华西第四医院），四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川省职业卫生应急（甲级）重点实验室
通讯作者:
王永伟，E-mail:
作者简介:

朱玥爰（1999—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：公共卫生

Screening of occupatinal health risk assessment methods for condensate oil in natural gas extraction
Yue-yuan ZHU1, Lin-yue LI1, Yong-wei WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2026-07-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512345
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摘要
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目的

明确天然气开采凝析油存在的主要化学职业病危害因素及其暴露水平，探究该行业化学有害因素职业健康风险评估方法，为精准预防职业病危害因素、保护职业人群健康提供依据。

方法

基于职业卫生调查、凝析油组分分析及职业病化学有害因素连续监测，采用综合指数法、ICMM定量评估法及职业危害风险指数法评估天然气开采凝析油暴露职业健康风险。

结果

天然气开采凝析油主要职业病危害因素为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、正己烷、环己烷，其时间加权浓度（CTWA）处于1%~50%OELs区间，10个采气井站中，仅有二甲苯的浓度水平存在统计学意义（P<0.001），其余4种化学毒物浓度均基本一致（P>0.05）；气田水处理站五种典型化学毒物短时间浓度（CSTEL）均有检出，且浓度基本一致（P>0.05）。职业健康风险等级分析，采气站与气田水处理站综合指数法风险，苯均为极高风险，甲苯、正己烷、环己烷为高风险，二甲苯为中等风险；职业危害风险指数法显示，气田水处理站苯为中度风险，采气站苯为轻度风险，其余均无风险；ICMM定量评估法中仅有气田水处理站苯的风险评级为不可容忍风险，其余均为可容忍风险；三种方法Kruskal-Wallis检验评级分布存在差异（P<0.05）。反映出不同评估体系在有害因素风险等级的判别能力上有所不同。

结论

天然气开采行业凝析油暴露应重点关注职业病危害因素为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、正己烷、环己烷，改良后的ICMM定量评估是天然气开采凝析油职业健康风险评估的适宜方法。

凝析油  /  典型化学毒物  /  职业健康  /  风险评估  /  筛选
Objective

To identify the main chemical occupational hazard factors and their exposure levels associated with condensate oil in natural gas exploitation, and to explore occupational health risk assessment methods for chemical hazards in this industry, so as to provide a basis for accurately preventing occupational hazards and protecting the health of occupational populations.

Methods

Based on occupational health surveys, condensate oil component analysis and continuous monitoring of chemical occupational hazards, the occupational health risks of condensate oil exposure in natural gas exploitation were assessed using the comprehensive index method, ICMM quantitative assessment method and occupational hazard risk index method.

Results

The main occupational hazard factors of condensate oil in natural gas exploitation were benzene, toluene, xylene, n-hexane and cyclohexane. Their time-weighted average concentrations (CTWA) ranged within 1%-50% of the occupational exposure limits (OELs). Among the 10 gas production well stations, only xylene concentration showed statistical significance (P<0.001), while concentrations of the other four chemical toxicants were generally consistent (P>0.05). Short-term exposure concentrations (CSTEL) of all five typical chemical toxicants were detected in the gas field water treatment station, with generally consistent concentrations (P>0.05). Analysis of occupational health risk levels showed that according to the comprehensive index method, benzene was rated as extremely high risk in both gas production stations and gas field water treatment stations, toluene, n-hexane and cyclohexane as high risk, and xylene as medium risk. According to the occupational hazard risk index method, benzene was moderate risk in the gas field water treatment station and mild risk in gas production stations, while all other factors were assessed as no risk. In the ICMM quantitative assessment method, only benzene in the gas field water treatment station was rated as intolerable risk, and all other factors were rated as tolerable risk. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences in the rating distributions among the three methods (P<0.05), indicating that different assessment systems varied in their ability to discriminate risk levels of hazardous factors.

Conclusion

Benzene, toluene, xylene, n-hexane and cyclohexane should be the key occupational hazards concerned in condensate oil exposure in the natural gas exploitation industry. The improved ICMM quantitative assessment is a suitable method for occupational health risk assessment of condensate oil in natural gas exploitation.

Condensate oil  /  Typical chemical toxicants  /  Occupational health  /  Risk assessment  /  Screening
朱玥爰, 李林玥, 王永伟. 天然气开采凝析油职业健康风险评估方法筛选. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (14) : 2573 -2580 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512345
Yue-yuan ZHU, Lin-yue LI, Yong-wei WANG. Screening of occupatinal health risk assessment methods for condensate oil in natural gas extraction[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (14) : 2573 -2580 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512345
正文
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凝析油（Gas Condensate，GC）是一种特殊的轻质油，具有原始地层温度下为气态和地面常压下凝结为液态的气液两相特征，其成分与原油成因有关，不同地区的凝析油成分不同[1]。我国中原和西南地区是凝析油主要储存地，四川盆地气藏油气较为丰富[2-3]。天然气开采过程中的凝析油为气藏油气凝析而成。研究显示，凝析油含芳香烃（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯）、烷烃（如正己烷）等多种化学有害因素，这些有害因素大多为职业病高风险因素[4-6]。作业过程中因凝析油气液两相的特征，上述有害因素可通过呼吸道、皮肤等途径进入体内。团队前期调研发现，某天然气开采单位凝析油暴露职工有1例疑似职业性慢性苯中毒，其苯的暴露浓度达到苯职业接触限值（OELs）的20%～60%。天然气开采过程中凝析油暴露及其含凝析油污水处理环节作业者的职业有害因素防护形势严峻[7]。目前，国内外针对石油原油、成品油的职业苯暴露及健康效应研究已较为系统[8]，针对凝析油暴露场景下关键危害因子的识别及适宜风险评估方法的研究尚属空白。职业健康风险与危害程度不明[9]，现有评估方法在此类复杂暴露情境中的适用性难以确定，给该行业从业人员的职业病防治与职业健康管理工作带来了挑战。本研究旨在以天然气开采的凝析油暴露为研究对象，根据工作场所连续性危害监测结果，采用综合指数法、职业危害风险指数法及ICMM 定量评估法三种风险评估方法，筛选适用于天然气开采行业凝析油暴露的风险评估方法，为该行业职业病防控与职业健康管理提供科学工具。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
根据四川某天然气开采井站现状，结合工作场所职业性有害因素分析，按照15%的比例从64座含凝析油天然气开采井站中随机抽取10个井站和1个气田水集中处理站为研究对象。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　职业卫生调查
职业卫生技术服务人员进行职业卫生调查，包括场所布局、采气工艺、工程防护、个体防护及职业性有害因素接触情况。
1.2.2　职业卫生监测
凝析油原液组分分析采用广东省职业卫生技术质量控制中心技术指南GDOHTQC 001—2020的方法[10]，用W9N08标准谱库检索，相对保留时间RSD和峰面积RSD均小于10%、匹配因子均大于75%的化合物明确组分，报告限为0.1%，对3批次9个凝析油液体原液样品进行组分分析。典型化学毒物监测，由于采气站采用巡检作业模式，工作点位不固定、流动性强，故对采气工岗位采用个体采样，通过随机数表法抽取17名采气工佩戴采样设备。水处理站工艺流程集中、岗位固定，为减少对作业的影响，对水处理工岗位采用定点采样，在9个点位（回注水处理池、钻井液废水接收池、均质隔油池、高浓水池、脱氮水池、压滤机、压裂返排液接收池、300 m3罐、800 m3罐）分别设置采样点，并按照现行国家标准要求对采集样品进行分析[11-15]；采样频次为1次/月，连续6个月，主要设备：全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用仪（GC×GC-TOF MS）、全二维气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器（GC×GC-FID）。
1.2.3　统计学方法
采用Excel 2010建立数据库，SPSS 29.0软件包进行统计分析。正态分布数据采用（）描述，批次浓度比较采用方差分析。非正态分布数据采用中位数（M）、四分位间距（IQR）描述，风险评估方法比较采用非参数检验（Kruskal-Wallis检验），检验水准α=0.05。
1.2.4　职业健康风险评估
采用综合指数法、职业危害风险指数法、ICMM定量评估法：①综合指数法：风险指数。其中：HR为危害等级，ER为接触等级。风险等级：可忽略（R=1）；低风险（R=2）；中等风险（R=3）；高风险（R=4）；极高风险（R=5）[16]。②职业危害风险指数法：风险指数（R）=2健康效应等级×2暴露比值×作业条件等级，风险等级：R≤6为无危害；7~11为轻度危害；12~23为中度危害；24~80为高度危害；>80为极度危害[17]。③ICMM定量评估法：风险评级值（RR）=后果（C）×暴露概率（PrE）×暴露时间（PeE），风险等级：RR<20为可容忍风险；20~69为潜在风险；70~199为高风险；200~399为非常高风险；≥400为不可容忍风险[18]。因原模型暴露时间于4～8h时赋值困难，综合现场实际与行业专家咨询，调整了ICMM模型的赋值条件[19]，见表1。
2　结果
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2.1　凝析油成分中典型化学有害因素
根据凝析油原液组分分析峰面积（见表2），输出结果见图1，结合各组分的理化特性、毒性、暴露几率、健康结局，确定苯、甲苯、二甲苯、环己烷、正己烷为天然气采气井站和气田水处理工作场所凝析油暴露的五种典型化学有害因素。
2.2　采气井站化典型化学有害因素暴露水平
10个采气井站五种典型化学有害因素均有检出，时间加权浓度（CTWA）均达到1%~50%OELs，其中二甲苯不同批次间的浓度水平有差异，存在统计学意义（P<0.001），其原因可能为不同井位因开采层位和年限的差异，二甲苯的组分含量存在波动；其余4种化学毒物浓度水平批次间无差异（P>0.05）见表3。计算采气工岗位的短时间接触浓度与短时间接触容许浓度的比值（接触限值比值比），比值比=CSTEL/PC-STEL，CSTEL为短时间接触浓度，PC-STEL为短时间接触容许浓度。以评估短时间个体暴露水平。见图2。
2.3　气田水处理站典型化学毒物暴露水平
气田水处理凝析油典型化学毒物结果分析显示，五种典型化学毒物短时间浓度（CSTEL）均有检出，批次间浓度差异均无统计学意义（均有P>0.05）见表4；计算水处理工岗位的短时间接触浓度与短时间接触容许浓度的比值（接触限值比值比），比值比=CSTEL/PC-STEL，CSTEL为短时间接触浓度，PC-STEL为短时间接触容许浓度。以评估短时间个体暴露水平。见图3。
2.4　凝析油职业健康风险
2.4.1　综合指数法
采气井站与气田水处理站的苯均为极高风险，采气井站的甲苯、正己烷、环己烷为高风险，二甲苯为中等风险，见表5。
2.4.2　职业危害风险指数法
苯在气田水处理站为中度风险，采气井站为轻度风险，采气井站的甲苯、二甲苯、正己烷、环己烷均无风险，见表6。
2.4.3　ICMM定量评估法
仅有气田水处理站苯的风险评级为不可容忍风险，其他均为可容忍风险，见表7。
2.4.4　凝析油职业暴露风险评估方法对比
将三种风险评估风险等级编秩，见表8，Kruskal - Wallis检验显示，三种方法的评级分布存在差异（P<0.05），见表9。反映出不同评估体系在有害因素风险等级的判别能力上有所不同。
3　讨论
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含凝析油天然气开采主要包括采气和气田水处理两大部分，混合化学毒物的凝析油对劳动者存在健康危害。本研究首次阐明了苯、甲苯、二甲苯、正己烷、环己烷为凝析油五种典型化学毒物。研究表明，含凝析油天然气开采的采气井站和气田水处理站五种典型化学毒物均存在，不同岗位的暴露水平不同，气田水处理站苯暴露浓度最高，这与气田水处理场所含凝析油的污水较为集中，跑冒滴漏或敞开作业凝析油持续挥发有关[20]。提示，含凝析油天然气开采行业，除天然气开采固有职业病危害因素外，应重点关注凝析油挥发物职业防控，尤其是上述五种典型化学毒物。
职业健康风险评估在含凝析油天然气开采行业中应用较少。本研究的三种职业健康评估方法均一致识别苯是凝析油暴露的首要风险因素，与既往研究存在一定差异[6、21]，主要表现为文献中识别的主要风险因素包含硫化氢。然而本研究所涉油品中不含硫化氢成分。在排除这一地域性组分差异后，本研究识别出的核心风险因素与既往研究基本一致。方法在风险分级精度、场景区分能力和防控指导意义上存在差异。综合指数法：操作简便，但存在高估的可能。主要是因为是该方法危害等级过于依赖物质的固有毒性，而对工程防护措施、实际暴露时长等关键风险量化整合不足，导致其在复杂暴露场景下的分辨率和准确性受限[22-23]。职业危害风险指数法引入了作业条件等级，整合了暴露人数、接触时间及防护措施等多维信息，场景区分能力良好，能够实现岗位风险差异识别，适用于早期风险筛查与分级管理。改良的ICMM定量评估法综合性能表现最优，综合了精准识别气田水处理站的苯暴露为“不可容忍风险”和其他毒物及场所均为“可容忍风险”，依托纯定量计算规避人工主观赋权偏差，能将暴露概率和暴露时间因素与连续性监测数据链接，系统整合毒理阈值及加工作业场景通风、防护、作业频率等多维度指标，输出的风险值物理意义明确、定量精准且可溯源，能更全面表征凝析油相关职业健康的实际程度，且其健康后果的赋值能准确反映不同毒物的权重差异，符合“致癌物优先管理”的基本原则，能够客观揭示不同岗位间的风险差异，为制定差异化、精准化的工程控制、个体防护和管理措施提供了可靠的量化依据。本研究识别出水处理站苯暴露风险较高，建议重点加强该场所局部通风、密闭防护及个体防护等综合措施，并优化凝析油储存和转运环节的工程控制措施。
综上，本研究通过凝析油组分分析、连续监测及多种职业健康评估方法，系统阐明了了凝析油作业中应重点关注的化学毒物，并明确了不同职业健康风险评估方法在天然气开采凝析油暴露场景中的适用性，可为该行业职业健康管理的精准化和科学化提供科学依据。
但受研究区域及对象范围所限，凝析油组分特征与作业场景的代表性有待进一步提升；本研究主要针对 ICMM 法中暴露概率与暴露时间赋值进行优化，对多种化学毒物联合作用的探讨尚不充分，可能在一定程度上低估了劳动者的综合健康风险。
未来研究可扩大研究样本量与监测周期，纳入气象条件、作业方式等关键影响因素，并深入构建多毒物联合暴露风险评估模型，从而更全面、真实地反映凝析油暴露所致的职业健康风险。
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  • 中石化横向项目基金(23H0825)
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参考文献 引证文献
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2026年第53卷第14期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512345
  • 接收时间：2025-12-21
  • 首发时间：2026-09-28
  • 出版时间：2026-07-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-12-21
基金
中石化横向项目基金(23H0825)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院（华西第四医院），四川 成都 610041
    2.四川省职业卫生应急（甲级）重点实验室

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
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Number of
species		 占总种数比例
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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