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Article(id=1311350117882491607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349984730116963, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601235, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1768406400000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579831809, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1784908800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579831809, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579831809, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579831809, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311349984730116963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='14', pageStart='2497', pageEnd='2688', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784908800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579800064, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588348354, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311385838924169506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349984730116963, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311385838924169507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349984730116963, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2626, endPage=2632, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350118104789720, articleId=1311350117882491607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Geospatial optimization and site selection strategies for CPUs: A case study of chest pain emergency network development, Chengdu, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of the Cardiac Services Network in Chengdu, identify service-deficient areas, and to propose optimized site selection strategies for the construction of Chest Pain Treatment Units (CPUs).

Methods

Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were applied in combination with Voronoi and the Baidu Maps route planning API to quantitatively analyze service areas and population accessibility of existing chest pain centers. Emergency service gaps were identified by simulating round-trip ambulance transfer scenarios, using a threshold of travel time exceeding 2 hours. Spatial neighborhood and overlay analyses were conducted, and primary healthcare institutions were screened for upgrading to CPUs based on a “tier-priority” principle.

Results

The current Cardiac Services Network in Chengdu covers 99.5% of the permanent resident population; however, 54 residential settlements in remote suburban areas exhibit insufficient accessibility. Model simulations suggest that upgrading six suburban primary healthcare institutions to CPUs would reduce the average treatment time for chest pain patients in underserved areas from 95.7 minutes (95%CI: 93.76-97.48) to 32.2 minutes (95%CI: 29.12-37.36), representing a 66.4% reduction (α=0.05, P<0.001).

Conclusion

Although the chest pain emergency network in Chengdu has largely achieved comprehensive coverage, targeted capacity enhancement in remote suburban areas remains necessary. Spatially tiered optimization strategies can significantly shorten treatment time and provide valuable references for emergency care system planning in similar urban settings.

, authors=Hao WU1, Wen-juan TAO3, Lin DING2, authorsList=Hao WU, Wen-juan TAO, Lin DING, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lin DING, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350121401512675, articleId=1311350117882491607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=胸痛救治单元的地理配置优化与选址策略研究——以成都市胸痛急救网络建设为例, columnId=1228016568014139551, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=卫生政策与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

评估成都市胸痛急救网络覆盖效果，识别服务薄弱区域，提出胸痛救治单元选址建设的优化策略。

方法

运用GIS技术，结合泰森多边形（Voronoi）与百度地图路线规划API，量化分析胸痛中心服务范围及人口可达性；通过模拟救护车往返接送场景识别急救薄弱区（阈值：交通时间≤2 h）；采用空间邻域与叠置分析，按“等级优先”原则筛选基层医疗机构升级为“胸痛救治单元”。

结果

成都市胸痛急救网络已覆盖99.5%的常住人口，远郊区域存在54个居民点可达性不足。经模型推算，建议将6家远郊基层医疗机构升级为“胸痛救治单元”，可使薄弱区域胸痛患者平均救治时间从95.7分钟（95%CI：93.76~97.48）降至32.2分钟（95%CI：29.12~37.36），缩短66.4%（α=0.05，P<0.001）。

结论

成都市胸痛急救网络虽基本实现全域覆盖，但需针对性加强远郊地区基层能力建设。通过空间分级优化策略可显著缩短救治时间，研究为类似城市急救体系规划提供参考。

, authors=吴皓1, 陶文娟3, 丁林2, authorsList=吴皓, 陶文娟, 丁林, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=丁林, authorNote=

吴皓（1983—），男，博士，助理研究员，研究方向：医院管理，卫生政策与管理

, correspAuthorsNote=
丁林，E-mail：
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caption=潜在需求点的胸痛中心可达性评估（审图号:成S【2020】001号，底图无修改）, figureFileSmall=IAtCd4DXAC98671Q4wlUcg==, figureFileBig=Xzg9gKeYVY2OWcJazzzhSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350134819091211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350117882491607, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Spatial distribution of primary healthcare institutions in Chengdu, figureFileSmall=fJlNS2AoLDsv7FCIlK6UIA==, figureFileBig=kGM7E1ipcreDvz37+KjRyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350135267881740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350117882491607, language=CN, label=图4, caption=成都市基层医疗卫生机构空间分布情况（审图号:成S【2020】001号，底图无修改）, figureFileSmall=fJlNS2AoLDsv7FCIlK6UIA==, figureFileBig=kGM7E1ipcreDvz37+KjRyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350135704089357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350117882491607, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Candidate sites for CPUs based on minimizing travel distance for medical care, figureFileSmall=JLtSXSnMCDV6ZxO2xqn8jg==, figureFileBig=WGgNB3kHweCc4N/1SCFzrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350136060605198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350117882491607, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基于最小化就医距离的“胸痛救治单元”设置备选机构（审图号:成S【2020】001号，底图无修改）, figureFileSmall=JLtSXSnMCDV6ZxO2xqn8jg==, figureFileBig=WGgNB3kHweCc4N/1SCFzrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350136148685583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350117882491607, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Travel distance and time from primary CPCs to the nearest standard CPCs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基层版胸痛中心标准版胸痛中心距离
（公里）		时间
（分钟）
J1B711.119.2
J10B14.710.3
J11B1311.319.3
J12B922.624.7
J13B926.331.3
J14B948.146.8
J15B1640.140.1
J16B338.934.9
J17B823.028.5
J18B1048.442.7
J19B1015.022.5
J2B77.013.4
J20B1219.528.1
J21B162.45.4
J22B320.621.7
J23B1761.570.4
J24B181.45.2
J25B181.85.9
J26B12.46.4
J3B85.111.0
J4B174.79.5
J5B98.518.1
J6B118.515.5
J7B121.12.8
J8B721.723.2
J9B79.518.9
平均17.922.1
最大值61.570.4
最小值1.12.8
), ArticleFig(id=1311350136538755856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350117882491607, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

基层ｃ交通距离和时间

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基层版胸痛中心标准版胸痛中心距离
（公里）		时间
（分钟）
J1B711.119.2
J10B14.710.3
J11B1311.319.3
J12B922.624.7
J13B926.331.3
J14B948.146.8
J15B1640.140.1
J16B338.934.9
J17B823.028.5
J18B1048.442.7
J19B1015.022.5
J2B77.013.4
J20B1219.528.1
J21B162.45.4
J22B320.621.7
J23B1761.570.4
J24B181.45.2
J25B181.85.9
J26B12.46.4
J3B85.111.0
J4B174.79.5
J5B98.518.1
J6B118.515.5
J7B121.12.8
J8B721.723.2
J9B79.518.9
平均17.922.1
最大值61.570.4
最小值1.12.8
), ArticleFig(id=1311350136907854609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350117882491607, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Statistics of travel distance and time from each residential point to CPCs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别常住居民人口数
（人）		单程平均交通距离
（km）		单程平均交通时间
（min）
往返时间≤0.5 h1428.24.59.9
0.5 h<往返时间≤1 h602.813.221.2
1 h<往返时间≤1.5 h97.831.836.4
1.5 h<往返时间 ≤ 2 h11.344.147.5
往返时间>2 h0.372.264.4
总计2 140.313.219.4
), ArticleFig(id=1311350137004323602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350117882491607, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各潜在居民需求点距离胸痛中心的交通距离和时间统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别常住居民人口数
（人）		单程平均交通距离
（km）		单程平均交通时间
（min）
往返时间≤0.5 h1428.24.59.9
0.5 h<往返时间≤1 h602.813.221.2
1 h<往返时间≤1.5 h97.831.836.4
1.5 h<往返时间 ≤ 2 h11.344.147.5
往返时间>2 h0.372.264.4
总计2 140.313.219.4
), ArticleFig(id=1311350137377616659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350117882491607, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Optimized selection of candidate institutions for CPUs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
居民点ID常住居民人口数交通可达性“等级优先”准则优化后备选机构“资源集约性”优化后备选机构备选机构类别
122230.45往返时间>1.5 h≤2 h510000004698510000004698乡卫生院
122970.45
121430.51
1300.37510000004552510000004552社区卫生服务中心
1570.29
1580.28
1880.30
1890.35
2230.21
2240.25
2250.32
2700.25
2710.28
990.26
2220.19
2430.15510000011960510000011960中心卫生院
2970.16
3550.17
4260.16
129680.17510000011952510000011952中心卫生院
129870.17
129880.16510000012034
131630.15510000011980
131650.17
128520.16510000012028
128530.16
128670.17
128680.16
128820.17
128840.18
128950.17
128960.18
128970.18
128980.16
128990.16
129100.18
129110.17
129130.15
129250.17
129260.16
129270.16
129280.15
129290.15
129310.15
129430.17
129440.17
129450.16
129480.22
129490.20
129640.17
131170.18510000012032
131180.19
21300.31510000004796510000004796中心卫生院
49320.25往返时间大于等于2 h 510000004536510000004536乡卫生院
), ArticleFig(id=1311350139055338260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350117882491607, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

胸痛救治单元备选机构优化遴选

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
居民点ID常住居民人口数交通可达性“等级优先”准则优化后备选机构“资源集约性”优化后备选机构备选机构类别
122230.45往返时间>1.5 h≤2 h510000004698510000004698乡卫生院
122970.45
121430.51
1300.37510000004552510000004552社区卫生服务中心
1570.29
1580.28
1880.30
1890.35
2230.21
2240.25
2250.32
2700.25
2710.28
990.26
2220.19
2430.15510000011960510000011960中心卫生院
2970.16
3550.17
4260.16
129680.17510000011952510000011952中心卫生院
129870.17
129880.16510000012034
131630.15510000011980
131650.17
128520.16510000012028
128530.16
128670.17
128680.16
128820.17
128840.18
128950.17
128960.18
128970.18
128980.16
128990.16
129100.18
129110.17
129130.15
129250.17
129260.16
129270.16
129280.15
129290.15
129310.15
129430.17
129440.17
129450.16
129480.22
129490.20
129640.17
131170.18510000012032
131180.19
21300.31510000004796510000004796中心卫生院
49320.25往返时间大于等于2 h 510000004536510000004536乡卫生院
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胸痛救治单元的地理配置优化与选址策略研究——以成都市胸痛急救网络建设为例
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吴皓 1 , 陶文娟 3 , 丁林 2
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2026,53(14): 2626-2632
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现代预防医学 |卫生政策与管理 2026 , 53 (14) : 2626 -2632
胸痛救治单元的地理配置优化与选址策略研究——以成都市胸痛急救网络建设为例
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吴皓1, 陶文娟3, 丁林2
作者信息
  • 1.四川省妇幼保健院.成都医学院附属妇女儿童医院，四川 成都 610045
  • 2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院
  • 3.四川大学华西医院管理研究所
通讯作者:
丁林，E-mail：
作者简介:

吴皓（1983—），男，博士，助理研究员，研究方向：医院管理，卫生政策与管理

Geospatial optimization and site selection strategies for CPUs: A case study of chest pain emergency network development, Chengdu
Hao WU1, Wen-juan TAO3, Lin DING2
Affiliations
  • Sichuan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Women and Children’s Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610045, China
出版时间: 2026-07-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601235
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摘要
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目的

评估成都市胸痛急救网络覆盖效果，识别服务薄弱区域，提出胸痛救治单元选址建设的优化策略。

方法

运用GIS技术，结合泰森多边形（Voronoi）与百度地图路线规划API，量化分析胸痛中心服务范围及人口可达性；通过模拟救护车往返接送场景识别急救薄弱区（阈值：交通时间≤2 h）；采用空间邻域与叠置分析，按“等级优先”原则筛选基层医疗机构升级为“胸痛救治单元”。

结果

成都市胸痛急救网络已覆盖99.5%的常住人口，远郊区域存在54个居民点可达性不足。经模型推算，建议将6家远郊基层医疗机构升级为“胸痛救治单元”，可使薄弱区域胸痛患者平均救治时间从95.7分钟（95%CI：93.76~97.48）降至32.2分钟（95%CI：29.12~37.36），缩短66.4%（α=0.05，P<0.001）。

结论

成都市胸痛急救网络虽基本实现全域覆盖，但需针对性加强远郊地区基层能力建设。通过空间分级优化策略可显著缩短救治时间，研究为类似城市急救体系规划提供参考。

胸痛救治单元  /  胸痛急救网络  /  GIS  /  泰森多边形
Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of the Cardiac Services Network in Chengdu, identify service-deficient areas, and to propose optimized site selection strategies for the construction of Chest Pain Treatment Units (CPUs).

Methods

Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were applied in combination with Voronoi and the Baidu Maps route planning API to quantitatively analyze service areas and population accessibility of existing chest pain centers. Emergency service gaps were identified by simulating round-trip ambulance transfer scenarios, using a threshold of travel time exceeding 2 hours. Spatial neighborhood and overlay analyses were conducted, and primary healthcare institutions were screened for upgrading to CPUs based on a “tier-priority” principle.

Results

The current Cardiac Services Network in Chengdu covers 99.5% of the permanent resident population; however, 54 residential settlements in remote suburban areas exhibit insufficient accessibility. Model simulations suggest that upgrading six suburban primary healthcare institutions to CPUs would reduce the average treatment time for chest pain patients in underserved areas from 95.7 minutes (95%CI: 93.76-97.48) to 32.2 minutes (95%CI: 29.12-37.36), representing a 66.4% reduction (α=0.05, P<0.001).

Conclusion

Although the chest pain emergency network in Chengdu has largely achieved comprehensive coverage, targeted capacity enhancement in remote suburban areas remains necessary. Spatially tiered optimization strategies can significantly shorten treatment time and provide valuable references for emergency care system planning in similar urban settings.

CPUs  /  Cardiac services network  /  GIS  /  Voronoi
吴皓, 陶文娟, 丁林. 胸痛救治单元的地理配置优化与选址策略研究——以成都市胸痛急救网络建设为例. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (14) : 2626 -2632 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601235
Hao WU, Wen-juan TAO, Lin DING. Geospatial optimization and site selection strategies for CPUs: A case study of chest pain emergency network development, Chengdu[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (14) : 2626 -2632 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601235
正文
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1　前言
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《中国心血管健康与疾病报告》显示，我国心血管疾病（CVD）患病率持续上升，已成为城乡居民死亡的首位原因[1]。其中，以ST段抬高型心肌梗死（ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction，STEMI）为代表的急性胸痛患者具有抢救时间短和病死率高的特点[2]。患者黄金救治时间为发病后的2 h内，如得到有效救助，患者的预后和康复几率将极大提升[3-4]。近年来，我国胸痛急救网络不断完善，但由于地域、交通条件和经济发展水平等因素的差异，大多数胸痛中心依托位于城市中心且具备经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（Percutaneous Coronary Intervention，PCI）能力的大中型医院建立[5]。Sigrun Halvorsen（2012）研究认为对于相对偏远区域的患者或将面临较长的交通转运时间，可能导致部分患者错失最佳治疗期[6]。
为“在最短的时间内将急性胸痛患者送至具有救治能力的医院接受最佳治疗”[7]，“胸痛救治单元”建设旨在提高基层医务人员对高危胸痛早期识别和应急处置，通过抗凝、溶栓等治疗为抢救心肌梗死患者生命赢得宝贵时间[8]。但现行的注册与审批办法侧重于建设单位的基础条件和能力，未充分纳入空间地理分布与交通可达性等关键因素[9]；此外，患者或倾向于首选高级别胸痛中心而非就近就诊，盲目建设容易导致资源闲置。目前，关于胸痛中心的研究多集中于建设成效、救治流程优化及时间节点管理等方面[4-5]，而对作为胸痛救治网络重要组成的胸痛救治单元的空间布局研究相对较少。因此，本研究运用空间地理技术基于成都市胸痛中心配置情况，常住人口分布情况，以最小化居民的就医距离，最大化医疗资源利用为目标，对胸痛救治单元适宜设置点进行分析，拟重点解决以下问题：（1）成都市现有胸痛中心服务范围及覆盖盲区分布如何？（2）在兼顾人口需求与交通可达性的前提下，胸痛救治单元应优先布局于哪里？
研究将胸痛救治单元布局问题从传统的机构建设与能力评价拓展到“空间和时间”层面，弥补了现有研究对地理布局维度关注的不足。在方法上，融合胸痛中心现状、人口分布与交通可达性等多维数据，创新构建面向急性胸痛救治需求的空间选址分析框架，为城市整合型STEMI救治网络建设提供新的思路。
2　研究方法
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2.1　胸痛中心及需求点的地理信息处理方法
本研究所使用的胸痛中心机构名录来源于中国医学救援协会与中国心血管健康联盟联合发布的《全国胸痛急救地图》，涵盖成都市范围内所有胸痛中心。机构的地理空间位置通过百度地图开放平台提供的地理编码接口（Baidu Maps Geocoding API, https://lbs.baidu.com/）[10]于2025年10月批量获取，原始坐标采用百度BD-09坐标系。为确保与其他地理信息系统数据的一致性，机构坐标通过开源经纬度转换工具转换为WGS-84坐标系。坐标转换过程遵循公开验证的逆向纠偏算法，精度满足一般空间分析需求。在空间可达性评估方面，采用高分辨率人口网格数据作为基础，通过栅格化处理计算权重值，同时结合2024年成都市常住人口统计数据评估辖区内单位面积（km2）人口数。每栅格单元被视为相互独立的潜在需求点，对零人口栅格作剔除处理。
2.2　胸痛中心可达性评估分析方法
研究采用多阶段方法评估胸痛中心可达性：
（1）根据我国《胸痛中心建设标准》，胸痛中心根据其功能定位和救治能力方面的差异分为基层版与标准版胸痛中心。其中，基层版为不具备急诊PCI条件或不能全天候开展急诊PCI技术或年PCI量或急诊PCI量达不到胸痛中心标准的医院，主要负责急性胸痛患者的早期识别和转运协调；标准版具备急诊PCI条件且能够全天候开展此项技术的医院[9]。运用地图API路线规划功能计算基层版胸痛中心至标准版胸痛中心的转运距离和时间[10]，以评估两级救治体系间衔接效率。
（2）评估各潜在需求点至胸痛中心的交通可达性，以成都市所有胸痛中心地理坐标为基点，通过构建泰森多边形（Voronoi Diagram）划分服务区域，生成已知点集的垂直平分线将成都市域划分为若干多边形单元，确保任意潜在需求点到对应胸痛中心的欧氏距离最近。
（3）调用路径规划功能统计各泰森多边形单元内各需求点到其最近胸痛中心的实际驾车距离和时间作为可达性评估依据，同时基于路网数据采集以实际驾车为度量的时间和距离，通过“机构选择一致性”（组内相关系数）方法验证泰森多边形划分各中心服务范围的合理性。
（4）建立评价标准：根据欧洲心脏病学会《急性冠脉综合征管理指南》，极高危患者建议在2 h内进行介入治疗[2-4]。因此，为评估患者早期介入治疗的可及性，研究以2 h作为阈值，对潜在急救需求点的可达性进行判定,同时识别救治薄弱区域的空间集聚特征，评估全市胸痛急救网络覆盖情况。
2.3　胸痛救治单元的选址策略方法
“胸痛救治单元”在区域协同救治体系中承担着重要的转诊枢纽功能。研究基于以下方法提出选址策略建议：（1）空间定位：鉴于胸痛救治单元依托基层医疗机构建设，采用邻域分析方法，以急救转运时间超过2 h时所对应的距离为半径，识别偏远需求点；（2）优先级评估：综合评估候选机构与胸痛中心的空间可达性（偏远需求点周边5 km范围内），服务人口覆盖率及基础设施等指标；（3）优化布局：对满足距离阈值（急救转运时间≤2 h），且医疗服务能力达标的基层医疗机构，作为备选胸痛救治单元建设点位，采用配对t检验对缩短急性胸痛患者救治时间的有效性进行检验。
3　结果分析
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3.1　成都市胸痛急救中心网络布局及区域人口分布情况
截止2024年末，成都市20个区县设有46家胸痛中心（含正在申请认证过程中机构），包括20家标准版和26家基层版胸痛中心。采用泰森多边形法，按照辖区内任意潜在需求点到胸痛中心地理坐标欧氏距离最近原则，将46家胸痛中心划分至对应的服务区域（见图1）。
成都市常住人口2 147.4万人[11]，基于高分辨率人口网格数据，将其转换为以平方千米为单位的栅格数据（共13 499个栅格点），筛选出2 284个有效需求点。通过自然间断点分级法将人口密度划分为10级。结果显示，人口密度分布呈现显著空间异质性：最高密度区为167.04~209.42人/km2，而最低密度区仅为5.05~13.07人/ km2（见图2）。基于人口和胸痛中心空间密度分析[12]，高人口密度区域呈现出明显的医疗资源集聚特征。
3.2　胸痛急救中心交通可达性分析
基层版与标准版胸痛中心间的空间可达性直接影响患者的转运效率与救治时效性[13]。对两级胸痛中心转运时间实测分析结果表明：所有基层版胸痛中心至标准版胸痛中心的转运时间均在2 h黄金救治窗内（见表1）。
进一步对2284个有效潜在需求点的交通可达性评估，发现在模拟救护车往返接送的条件下，成都胸痛急救网络整体可达性表现较好：仅大邑县1个需求点（地理坐标：103.25 238, 30.54 955；常住人口约0.3万人）的交通时间超过2 h临界值（偏远）；另53个需求点（覆盖常住人口11.3万人）的交通时间介于1.5~2 h之间（相对偏远）；全市99.5%的常住人口（对应1.5 h交通圈内）可得到及时的胸痛急救服务。见表2。
空间分布特征显示成都市胸痛中心网络已基本实现全域覆盖，仅在远郊区域存在局部可达性薄弱点位（54个需求点的救护车往返时间>1.5 h）（见图3）。
以潜在需求点为单元，将泰森多边形指派的服务机构及其对应出行距离和时间，与基于路网实际的最优服务机构及距离和时间进行对比检验，显示泰森多边形与路网实际指派的机构一致率为89.5%，交通距离组内相关系数（ICC）为0.932（95%CI: 0.93~0.94），说明两种划分在机构指派上空间格局总体一致。
3.3　胸痛救治单元的地理配置优化策略
作为胸痛急救网络的重要节点，依托基层医疗机构建设的“胸痛救治单元”在空间布局上具有显著的优化效应，选址策略可以改善交通可达性薄弱区域与胸痛中心间的转诊效率[14-15]。统计数据显示，截至2024年末，全成都市设置基层医疗卫生服务机构503所（见图3），其中，社区卫生服务中心154所（30.6%）、中心卫生院57所（11.3%）、社区卫生服务站112所（22.3%）以及乡卫生院180所（35.8%）。全覆盖的网络体系为胸痛救治单元的优化选址奠定了空间布局基础（见图4）。
以54个相对偏远需求点周边5 km为半径，通过空间叠置分析方法搜索区域内近邻的基层医疗服务机构，显示：如以最小化就医距离为标准，有16个基层医疗机构可作为“胸痛救治单元”建设的备选单位。其中，社区卫生服务中心2个，中心卫生院3个，乡卫生院11个（见图5）。
当偏远需求点5 km服务半径范围内存在多家备选基层医疗机构时，按照“等级优先”（社区卫生服务中心>社区卫生服务站；中心卫生院>乡卫生院），可优化排除6家备选医疗机构；同时，综合考虑患者可接受转运时间阈值，保留具有软硬件和规模优势的机构（如：中心卫生院510000011952），可进一步优化排除4家次优备选机构。最终，筛选出6家基层医疗机构作为“胸痛救治单元”的可选机构（见表3）。结合空间可达性和资源集约化原则[16-19]，可确保偏远需求点医疗资源质量优势，另一方面保障了胸痛患者急救可达性需求。
经核实，备选机构均设有急诊及全科门诊，配备全科医生、床旁心电图机等必要的人员和设备，具备胸痛救治单元建设的条件与意愿。如通过优化配置6个“胸痛救治单元”于基层医疗机构，当地居民的平均救治交通时间将从95.7 min（95%CI：93.76~97.48）显著降低至32.2 min（95%CI：29.12~37.36），时间缩短幅度达66.4%（配对t检验：α=0.05，P<0.001），有效缩短胸痛患者的黄金救治时间窗，提升救治成功率。
4　讨论及建议
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（1）研究发现成都市胸痛中心的空间布局有明显的医疗资源集聚性特征，在人口密度较高、经济发达主城区域密度更高。通过模拟标准救护车转运条件，全市99.5%的常住人口可获得及时的胸痛急救服务，提示当前成都市胸痛中心网络已基本实现全域覆盖，但在远郊区域仍存在局部可达性薄弱点位（54个潜在需求点）。基于现有基层医疗卫生网络体系的支撑能力，建议优先配置6个“胸痛救治单元”作为胸痛患者的转运枢纽。经核实，备选机构均设有急诊及全科门诊，配备全科医生、床旁心电图机等，具备申请胸痛救治单元建设的基础，如能加入成都市胸痛急救网络，将有效缩短胸痛患者的黄金救治时间窗，进一步完善网络。
（2）完善的胸痛急救网络能够在院前阶段完成患者的早期诊断与初始治疗，并引导患者直接转运至具备PCI能力的医院[6]。作为连接首诊医疗机构与胸痛中心的关键节点，胸痛救治单元的合理布局对提升急性胸痛患者的整体救治效率具有重要意义[20]。然而，当前《胸痛救治单元建设实施方案》的注册与审批标准更侧重于机构基础设施、医疗设备配置、人员资质及基本技术能力等方面，对空间地理因素的考量相对不足。另一方面，在交通条件较好的情况下，患者可能更倾向于直接前往具备急诊PCI条件的高等级医院就诊，而非选择距离较近的胸痛救治单元。若在现有胸痛中心周边区域重复增设胸痛救治单元，不仅可能造成医疗资源配置冗余，还可能因患者分流削弱急救网络的整体协同效率。因此，在胸痛救治单元或胸痛中心的布局规划中，应充分运用GIS（Geographic Information System）技术识别急救薄弱区域，从而在减少治疗延迟的同时，更加科学的构建整合型救治网络[21]。
（3）GIS技术已在医疗资源配置领域展现出显著的应用价值，通过强大的空间数据采集、处理和分析能力，能够有效揭示医疗资源布局与区域医疗服务需求之间的空间关联机制。如基于泰森多边形和路径规划算法可在节省算力的同时精准测算患者就医的时空成本，为可达性评估提供量化依据；其次，通过空间叠加分析可有效识别医疗服务薄弱区域，结合人口分布和交通网络数据，有针对性地构建更加科学的医疗资源优化配置模型。因此，人工智能技术与GIS技术的深度融合具有较高的推广价值[22]。建议加强多源数据融合，整合实时交通数据、人口流动数据等数据源，建立动态监测评估机制，以确保医疗资源配置方案的科学性和时效性。
（4）本研究仍存在一定局限性。首先，研究所使用的人口分布、医疗机构设置及道路网络等数据基于特定时间截面，难以完全反映医疗资源布局调整、人口流动变化及交通条件演变对胸痛急救可达性的动态影响，因此，结果具有一定时效性限制。其次，研究基于成都市常住人口网格数据栅格化识别潜在胸痛急救需求点位，但受数据获取条件限制，未进一步纳入人口年龄因素分析。高龄人群对胸痛急救服务的潜在需求往往更为突出，因此，未考虑人口年龄因素在一定程度上影响需求点位识别的精准性与结果的细化程度。最后，研究主要从空间可达性角度评估胸痛急救网络的覆盖能力，尚未充分纳入医疗服务质量与救治能力的差异，如机构在院前心电图识别能力、远程会诊水平、多学科协同能力等因素的影响等。因此，未来研究可进一步整合实时交通数据、动态人口流动数据、院前急救病例数据及救治质量指标，构建动态评估模型，以持续提升胸痛急救网络优化配置的科学性与实用性。
基金
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  • 成都市哲学社会科学重点研究基地研究项目(2023ZC001; 2023ZC002)
文献
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2026年第53卷第14期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601235
  • 接收时间：2026-01-15
  • 首发时间：2026-09-28
  • 出版时间：2026-07-25
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  • 收稿日期：2026-01-15
基金
成都市哲学社会科学重点研究基地研究项目(2023ZC001; 2023ZC002)
作者信息
    1.四川省妇幼保健院.成都医学院附属妇女儿童医院，四川 成都 610045
    2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院
    3.四川大学华西医院管理研究所

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Number of
species		 占总种数比例
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
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红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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