Article(id=1311350055655800973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512152, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1765209600000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579816973, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579816973, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579816973, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579816973, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311349919793905738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2304', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579784582, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588408144, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311386089701597565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311386089701597566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2252, endPage=2257, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350055852933262, articleId=1311350055655800973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Study on the current situation and influencing factors of health self-help behavior of the elderly in the community under the background of aging adaptation, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the current situation of health self-help behavior of the elderly in communities in Hunan, Qinghai and Zhejiang provinces and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for taking targeted measures to improve the level of health self-help behavior of the elderly in communities.

Methods

Adopting the convenience sampling method, this study selected 628 community elderly individuals from 7 communities in Hunan, Zhejiang and Qinghai Provinces as research subjects. Questionnaires were administered mainly using the scales of healthy self-help behavior, intergenerational support for children, fear of technology, and daily age discrimination. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was employed to analyze the influencing factors of healthy self-help behavior.

Results

The total score of the healthy self-help behavior scale for the community elderly was 96.98±19.67. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis showed that living with a spouse (P<0.001; β=0.257), living with a spouse and children (P=0.001; β=0.147), being in the first marriage (P=0.021;β=0.123), monthly per capita income (P<0.001;β=0.220), and intergenerational support for children (P<0.001;β=0.260) were protective factors; having all male children (P<0.001;β=-0.155), fear of technology (P<0.001;β=-0.306), and daily age discrimination (P=0.027;β=-0.100) were risk factors.

Conclusion

The self-help health behavior ability of the elderly in this community is at a relatively high level. Particular attention should be paid to the elderly who do not live with their spouses, are not in a marital status, have all children of male gender, or have a lower monthly per capita income. Their health self-help behavior ability can be improved by helping them effectively reduce technological fear and daily age discrimination, as well as by enhancing intergenerational support from their children.

, authors=Wen-hui YI, Rui-lin HUA, Xin-yu ZHOU, Zheng ZHU, Jia-xin LI, Dong-hua WANG, authorsList=Wen-hui YI, Rui-lin HUA, Xin-yu ZHOU, Zheng ZHU, Jia-xin LI, Dong-hua WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Dong-hua WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350058675699865, articleId=1311350055655800973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=基于适老化背景下社区老年人健康自助行为的现状及影响因素研究, columnId=1228016572640461823, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=健康与社会行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

调查湖南省、青海省和浙江省三个省份社区老年人健康自助行为的现状并分析其影响因素,以期为采取针对性措施提高社区老年人健康自助行为水平提供参考。

方法

选取便利抽样法,以湖南省、浙江省和青海省中7个社区的628名老年人作为研究对象,主要采用健康自助行为量表、子女代际支持量表、科技恐惧量表、日常年龄歧视量表进行问卷调查,采用多元线性分层回归方法分析健康自助行为的影响因素。

结果

社区老年人健康自助行为量表总分为96.98±19.67分;多元线性分层回归分析结果表明:居住方式为与配偶同住(P<0.001;β=0.257)和与配偶子女同住(P=0.001;β=0.147)、婚姻状况为初婚(P=0.021;β=0.123)、人均月收入(P<0.001;β=0.220)、子女代际支持(P<0.001;β=0.260)为保护因素;子女性别全是男性(P<0.001;β=-0.155)、科技恐惧(P<0.001;β=-0.306)、日常年龄歧视(P=0.027;β=-0.100)为危险因素。

结论

本组社区老年人健康自助行为能力处于中等偏上的水平,应重点关注没有与配偶同住、非在婚状态、子女性别全为男性、人均月收入较低的老年人,并通过帮助他们有效降低科技恐惧与日常年龄歧视水平以及提高子女代际支持水平,以提升其健康自助行为能力水平。

, authors=易文慧, 华睿琳, 周欣寓, 朱峥, 李佳鑫, 王冬华, authorsList=易文慧, 华睿琳, 周欣寓, 朱峥, 李佳鑫, 王冬华, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王冬华, authorNote=

易文慧(2004—),女,本科在读,研究方向:老年护理

, correspAuthorsNote=
王冬华,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=19crQPtk9v3vYXBYmbxFRA==, magXml=PT81GV8kyOn2bljskLz75w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=vKpsybmImUttiLVNB49KjA==, pdfFileSize=835060, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=3TgZl4Pylq20qCOI1nNpDg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1311350058969301150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350055655800973, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1311350059048992928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350055655800973, authorId=1311350058969301150, language=EN, stringName=Wen-hui YI, firstName=Wen-hui, middleName=null, lastName=YI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Nursing, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311350059141267617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350055655800973, authorId=1311350058969301150, language=CN, stringName=易文慧, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=长沙医学院护理学院,湖南 长沙 410219, bio={"content":"

易文慧(2004—),女,本科在读,研究方向:老年护理

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A Study on the Impact of intergenerational support on the life satisfaction of the elderly [D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2025. 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A study on the correlation between positive psychological capital, social capital and health-promoting behaviors of the elderly in Xiangxi region[D]. Jishou: Jishou University, 2025. 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Research progress on technological anxiety of elderly people in the context of digital and intelligent empowerment[J]. Geriatric Medical Research, 2025, 6(5): 19-23. 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A study on the impact of the digital divide on the social participation of the elderly: from the perspective of physical and mental health and intergenerational support[J]. Information Technology and Management Application, 2025, 4(5): 121-132, 157. (In Chinese), articleTitle=A study on the impact of the digital divide on the social participation of the elderly: from the perspective of physical and mental health and intergenerational support, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350068305821946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350055655800973, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=44, authorNames=金诗晓, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=金诗晓.基于社会生态系统理论的社区老年人电子健康素养干预方案的构建研究[D].沈阳:中国医科大学,2023., articleTitle=基于社会生态系统理论的社区老年人电子健康素养干预方案的构建研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350068393902331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350055655800973, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Jin SX, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jin SX. Research on the construction of community elderly electronic health literacyintervention program based on social-ecological systems theory[D]. Shenyang: China Medical University, 2023. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Research on the construction of community elderly electronic health literacyintervention program based on social-ecological systems theory, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1311350063327183051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350055655800973, awardId=湘教通〔2025〕141号-4900, language=CN, fundingSource=2025年度湖南省大学生创新训练计划项目(湘教通〔2025〕141号-4900), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350058881220762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350055655800973, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350058889609371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350055655800973, companyId=1311350058881220762, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Nursing, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350058897997980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350055655800973, companyId=1311350058881220762, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=长沙医学院护理学院,湖南 长沙 410219)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311350061242613957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350055655800973, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of health self-help behavior scores of elderly people in different characteristic communities [n=628,,score]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目人数(%)总分F/t值P
性别1.0890.276
男性305(48.6)97.86±20.53
女性323(51.4)96.15±18.82
年龄(岁)0.0160.984
60~70岁388(61.8)96.88±18.79
71~80岁210(33.4)97.18±21.73
>80岁30( 4.8)96.97±15.82
文化程度11.875<0.001
未上学80(12.7)84.5±20.68
小学182(29.0)98.24±20.21
初中246(39.2)99.25±19.38
高中或中专73(11.6)94.88±13.83
大专及以上47( 7.5)104.77±16.09
居住情况30.530<0.001
与配偶同住294(46.8)101.82±18.86
与子女同住102(16.2)90.27±16.80
与配偶子女同住129(20.5)101.51±17.36
独居103(16.4)82.16±19.86
婚姻状况35.945<0.001
初婚499(79.5)100.18±18.62
再婚35( 5.6)86.74±19.03
离异或丧偶94(15.0)83.83±18.73
子女个数(个)11.118<0.001
1 119(18.9)90.22±19.33
2~3 439(69.9)97.85±19.16
≥4 70(11.1)103.03±20.64
子女性别33.534<0.001
全是男性132(21.0)85.67±19.42
全是女性74(11.8)95.07±16.16
男性女性都有422(67.2)100.86±18.92
退休前职业0.8350.503
农民283(45.1)96.59±21.69
工人155(24.7)97.94±19.22
个体户41( 6.5)92.22±17.06
干部或教师108(17.2)97.89±16.19
其他41( 6.5)98.46±17.44
人均月收入(元)26.712<0.001
1 000元以下51( 8.1)94.41±17.14
1 000~2 999元293(46.7)91.83±20.09
3 000~4 999元157(25.0)97.42±16.72
5 000元及以上127(20.2)109.36±17.56
主要收入来源37.487<0.001
子女供给178(28.3)92.08±21.57
自己劳动所得161(25.6)96.56±22.02
退休金289(46.0)100.24±16.18
医疗付费方式19.027<0.001
城镇职工基本医疗保险167(26.6)104.80±14.58
城乡居民医疗保险411(65.4)94.21±20.69
商业医疗保险及其他50( 8.0)93.68±19.09
), ArticleFig(id=1311350062861615302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350055655800973, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同特征社区老年人健康自助行为得分比较 [n=628,,分]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目人数(%)总分F/t值P
性别1.0890.276
男性305(48.6)97.86±20.53
女性323(51.4)96.15±18.82
年龄(岁)0.0160.984
60~70岁388(61.8)96.88±18.79
71~80岁210(33.4)97.18±21.73
>80岁30( 4.8)96.97±15.82
文化程度11.875<0.001
未上学80(12.7)84.5±20.68
小学182(29.0)98.24±20.21
初中246(39.2)99.25±19.38
高中或中专73(11.6)94.88±13.83
大专及以上47( 7.5)104.77±16.09
居住情况30.530<0.001
与配偶同住294(46.8)101.82±18.86
与子女同住102(16.2)90.27±16.80
与配偶子女同住129(20.5)101.51±17.36
独居103(16.4)82.16±19.86
婚姻状况35.945<0.001
初婚499(79.5)100.18±18.62
再婚35( 5.6)86.74±19.03
离异或丧偶94(15.0)83.83±18.73
子女个数(个)11.118<0.001
1 119(18.9)90.22±19.33
2~3 439(69.9)97.85±19.16
≥4 70(11.1)103.03±20.64
子女性别33.534<0.001
全是男性132(21.0)85.67±19.42
全是女性74(11.8)95.07±16.16
男性女性都有422(67.2)100.86±18.92
退休前职业0.8350.503
农民283(45.1)96.59±21.69
工人155(24.7)97.94±19.22
个体户41( 6.5)92.22±17.06
干部或教师108(17.2)97.89±16.19
其他41( 6.5)98.46±17.44
人均月收入(元)26.712<0.001
1 000元以下51( 8.1)94.41±17.14
1 000~2 999元293(46.7)91.83±20.09
3 000~4 999元157(25.0)97.42±16.72
5 000元及以上127(20.2)109.36±17.56
主要收入来源37.487<0.001
子女供给178(28.3)92.08±21.57
自己劳动所得161(25.6)96.56±22.02
退休金289(46.0)100.24±16.18
医疗付费方式19.027<0.001
城镇职工基本医疗保险167(26.6)104.80±14.58
城乡居民医疗保险411(65.4)94.21±20.69
商业医疗保险及其他50( 8.0)93.68±19.09
), ArticleFig(id=1311350062974861511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350055655800973, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Scores of community elderly health self-help behaviors, technophobia, filial support across generations, and daily age discrimination [n=628,,score]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目条目数得分范围总分条目均分
健康自助行为总得分2626~13096.98±19.673.73±0.76
健康信念寻求33~1511.96±2.513.99±0.84
健康知识获取33~158.71±3.382.90±1.13
健康互助33~1510.41±2.553.47±0.85
医疗资源利用33~1511.99±2.494.00±0.83
健康维护1414~7053.92±10.673.85±0.76
科技恐惧总得分1313~10450.21±18.903.86±1.45
对个人失败的恐惧55~4017.87±8.033.57±1.61
人与机器模糊55~4019.16±7.203.83±1.44
感知便利性33~2413.18±5.644.39±1.88
子女代际支持总得分2626~10486.85±11.763.34±0.45
情感支持1111~4435.41±6.453.22±0.59
物质支持88~3226.54±4.213.32±0.53
服务支持77~2824.90±3.243.56±0.46
日常年龄歧视总得分100~3013.52±6.771.35±0.68
接触的年龄歧视信息20~62.02±1.601.01±0.80
人际交往中的年龄歧视50~156.45±4.111.29±0.82
内在的年龄歧视30~95.05±2.192.68±0.73
), ArticleFig(id=1311350063075524808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350055655800973, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

社区老年人健康自助行为、科技恐惧、子女代际支持与日常年龄歧视得分情况 [n=628,,分]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目条目数得分范围总分条目均分
健康自助行为总得分2626~13096.98±19.673.73±0.76
健康信念寻求33~1511.96±2.513.99±0.84
健康知识获取33~158.71±3.382.90±1.13
健康互助33~1510.41±2.553.47±0.85
医疗资源利用33~1511.99±2.494.00±0.83
健康维护1414~7053.92±10.673.85±0.76
科技恐惧总得分1313~10450.21±18.903.86±1.45
对个人失败的恐惧55~4017.87±8.033.57±1.61
人与机器模糊55~4019.16±7.203.83±1.44
感知便利性33~2413.18±5.644.39±1.88
子女代际支持总得分2626~10486.85±11.763.34±0.45
情感支持1111~4435.41±6.453.22±0.59
物质支持88~3226.54±4.213.32±0.53
服务支持77~2824.90±3.243.56±0.46
日常年龄歧视总得分100~3013.52±6.771.35±0.68
接触的年龄歧视信息20~62.02±1.601.01±0.80
人际交往中的年龄歧视50~156.45±4.111.29±0.82
内在的年龄歧视30~95.05±2.192.68±0.73
), ArticleFig(id=1311350063146827977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350055655800973, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multivariate linear hierarchical regression analysis of influencing factors of self-help health behaviors among community elderly [n=628]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素BSEβtP95%置信区间R2△R2△FP共线性统计量
上限下限容差VIF
第一层0.2830.26617.241<0.001
居住情况
与配偶同住10.1262.0880.2574.850<0.00114.2266.0250.2873.487
与配偶子女同住7.1532.2040.1473.2460.00111.4812.8250.3932.547
婚姻状况
初婚5.9882.5960.1232.3070.02111.0850.8900.2833.533
子女性别
全是男性-7.4611.857-0.155-4.018<0.001-3.815-11.1070.5441.839
人均月收入4.7970.7810.2206.141<0.0016.3313.2630.6281.591
第二层0.5090.49593.502<0.001
科技恐惧-0.3180.044-0.306-7.212<0.001-0.232-0.4050.4472.235
子女代际支持0.4350.0570.2607.686<0.0010.5460.3240.7021.424
日常年龄歧视-0.2920.132-0.100-2.2140.027-0.033-0.5510.3922.554
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社区老年人健康自助行为影响因素的多元线性分层回归分析 [n=628]

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因素BSEβtP95%置信区间R2△R2△FP共线性统计量
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第一层0.2830.26617.241<0.001
居住情况
与配偶同住10.1262.0880.2574.850<0.00114.2266.0250.2873.487
与配偶子女同住7.1532.2040.1473.2460.00111.4812.8250.3932.547
婚姻状况
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子女性别
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人均月收入4.7970.7810.2206.141<0.0016.3313.2630.6281.591
第二层0.5090.49593.502<0.001
科技恐惧-0.3180.044-0.306-7.212<0.001-0.232-0.4050.4472.235
子女代际支持0.4350.0570.2607.686<0.0010.5460.3240.7021.424
日常年龄歧视-0.2920.132-0.100-2.2140.027-0.033-0.5510.3922.554
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基于适老化背景下社区老年人健康自助行为的现状及影响因素研究
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易文慧 , 华睿琳 , 周欣寓 , 朱峥 , 李佳鑫 , 王冬华
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2026,53(12): 2252-2257
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现代预防医学 |健康与社会行为 2026 , 53 (12) : 2252 -2257
基于适老化背景下社区老年人健康自助行为的现状及影响因素研究
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易文慧, 华睿琳, 周欣寓, 朱峥, 李佳鑫, 王冬华
作者信息
  • 长沙医学院护理学院,湖南 长沙 410219
通讯作者:
王冬华,E-mail:
作者简介:

易文慧(2004—),女,本科在读,研究方向:老年护理

Study on the current situation and influencing factors of health self-help behavior of the elderly in the community under the background of aging adaptation
Wen-hui YI, Rui-lin HUA, Xin-yu ZHOU, Zheng ZHU, Jia-xin LI, Dong-hua WANG
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512152
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目的

调查湖南省、青海省和浙江省三个省份社区老年人健康自助行为的现状并分析其影响因素,以期为采取针对性措施提高社区老年人健康自助行为水平提供参考。

方法

选取便利抽样法,以湖南省、浙江省和青海省中7个社区的628名老年人作为研究对象,主要采用健康自助行为量表、子女代际支持量表、科技恐惧量表、日常年龄歧视量表进行问卷调查,采用多元线性分层回归方法分析健康自助行为的影响因素。

结果

社区老年人健康自助行为量表总分为96.98±19.67分;多元线性分层回归分析结果表明:居住方式为与配偶同住(P<0.001;β=0.257)和与配偶子女同住(P=0.001;β=0.147)、婚姻状况为初婚(P=0.021;β=0.123)、人均月收入(P<0.001;β=0.220)、子女代际支持(P<0.001;β=0.260)为保护因素;子女性别全是男性(P<0.001;β=-0.155)、科技恐惧(P<0.001;β=-0.306)、日常年龄歧视(P=0.027;β=-0.100)为危险因素。

结论

本组社区老年人健康自助行为能力处于中等偏上的水平,应重点关注没有与配偶同住、非在婚状态、子女性别全为男性、人均月收入较低的老年人,并通过帮助他们有效降低科技恐惧与日常年龄歧视水平以及提高子女代际支持水平,以提升其健康自助行为能力水平。

社区老年人  /  健康自助行为  /  科技恐惧  /  子女代际支持  /  日常年龄歧视
Objective

To investigate the current situation of health self-help behavior of the elderly in communities in Hunan, Qinghai and Zhejiang provinces and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for taking targeted measures to improve the level of health self-help behavior of the elderly in communities.

Methods

Adopting the convenience sampling method, this study selected 628 community elderly individuals from 7 communities in Hunan, Zhejiang and Qinghai Provinces as research subjects. Questionnaires were administered mainly using the scales of healthy self-help behavior, intergenerational support for children, fear of technology, and daily age discrimination. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was employed to analyze the influencing factors of healthy self-help behavior.

Results

The total score of the healthy self-help behavior scale for the community elderly was 96.98±19.67. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis showed that living with a spouse (P<0.001; β=0.257), living with a spouse and children (P=0.001; β=0.147), being in the first marriage (P=0.021;β=0.123), monthly per capita income (P<0.001;β=0.220), and intergenerational support for children (P<0.001;β=0.260) were protective factors; having all male children (P<0.001;β=-0.155), fear of technology (P<0.001;β=-0.306), and daily age discrimination (P=0.027;β=-0.100) were risk factors.

Conclusion

The self-help health behavior ability of the elderly in this community is at a relatively high level. Particular attention should be paid to the elderly who do not live with their spouses, are not in a marital status, have all children of male gender, or have a lower monthly per capita income. Their health self-help behavior ability can be improved by helping them effectively reduce technological fear and daily age discrimination, as well as by enhancing intergenerational support from their children.

Community elderly  /  Healthy self-help behavior  /  Fear of technology  /  Intergenerational support for children  /  Daily age discrimination
易文慧, 华睿琳, 周欣寓, 朱峥, 李佳鑫, 王冬华. 基于适老化背景下社区老年人健康自助行为的现状及影响因素研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (12) : 2252 -2257 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512152
Wen-hui YI, Rui-lin HUA, Xin-yu ZHOU, Zheng ZHU, Jia-xin LI, Dong-hua WANG. Study on the current situation and influencing factors of health self-help behavior of the elderly in the community under the background of aging adaptation[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (12) : 2252 -2257 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512152
《2024年度国家老龄事业发展公报》显示,截至2024年年末,全国60周岁及以上老年人口31 031万人,占总人口的22.0%[1]。《关于深入开展人口老龄化国情教育的指导意见》指出,要引导老年人树立主动健康意识、正确健康观念,保持健康生活方式[2]。健康自助行为是指老年人通过主动参与和自我管理的方式,达到保持健康、疾病治疗和康复目的的行为,这是老年人主动维护自身健康的重要形式[3]。科技恐惧是指对科技使用的恐惧情绪[4]。研究表明,科技恐惧的减少能够促进老年人通过互联网接触多元化的健康信息,从而调整和改善自己的生活习惯,实现更好的健康管理[4]。代际支持是指父母与子女之间相互提供经济、生活上的照料帮助以及情感间的交流与互动[5],对老年人的养老“幸福感、获得感、安全感”有着重要影响[6]。研究表明,子女给予一定的经济支持、照料帮助和精神慰藉在一定程度上能够促进老年人健康状况和健康消费的选择[6]。日常年龄歧视[7]是指在日常生活中,老年人常常会感受到因年龄带来的敌意、轻视和成见,这些感受可能通过语言、非语言或环境的形式表现出来。研究表明,当老年人感受到来自其他群体的年龄歧视时,他们往往会对老化持有更为消极的态度,而消极的老化态度会导致他们在面对慢性病时缺乏积极应对的信心和动力,降低老年人健康管理的自我效能感[8]。目前,国内对老年人群体健康自助行为的研究处于起步阶段,多侧重于工具的编制和少量质性研究[9-10]。本研究旨在了解社区老年人健康自助行为水平现状及影响因素,以期为采取针对性措施提高社区老年人健康自助行为水平提供参考。
于2025年7—9月,采取便利抽样法在湖南省、浙江省和青海省中7个社区随机抽取共628名社区老年人作为调查对象。纳入标准:①年龄≥60岁;②居住在社区至少1年;③知情同意参与本次研究。排除标准:①患有严重认知功能障碍、精神疾病;②存在严重听力、视力障碍等无法交流。于2025年7月对从湖南省便利抽取的50名社区老年人进行预调查以计算样本量,样本量计算公式为[11],本研究取α=0.05,μ0.05/2=1.96,健康自助行为得分为(97.78±22.46)分,因此标准差σ=22.46;δ=(X-μ)的绝对值,根据既往文献结果得知:健康自助行为得分为(93.60±14.82)分[9],故δ=4.18,计算样本量为111例,考虑到20%的失访率,估计需要样本量为139例,研究最终纳入样本628名。本研究已通过长沙医学院医学伦理委员会审核(X2025162)。
自行设计,包括性别、年龄、文化程度、居住情况、婚姻状况、子女个数、子女性别、退休前职业、人均月收入、主要收入来源及医疗付费方式。
由陈琳[9]编制,该量表用于测量中老年群体健康自助行为状况,包括健康信念寻求(3个条目)、健康知识获取(3个条目)、健康互助(3个条目)、医疗资源利用(3个条目)及健康维护(14个条目)5个维度共26个条目。采用Likert5级评分法,“从不”到“一直”依次计1~5分。总分为26~130分,得分越高表明个体健康自助行为水平越高。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.961。
由Xi等[12]汉化,该量表用于评估老年人群体的科技恐惧状况,包括个人失败的恐惧(5个条目)、人与机器模糊(5个条目)、感知便利性(3个条目)3个维共13个条目。采用Likert8级评分法,“完全不同意”到“非常同意”依次计1~8分,其中条目11~13采用反向计分,总分为13~104分,得分越高表明个体科技恐惧水平越高。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.942。
由王大华等[13]编制,该量表用于评估老年人从成年子女处获得的代际支持情况,包含情感支持(11个条目)、物质支持(8个条目)和服务支持(7个条目)3个维度共26个条目。采用Likert4级评分法,“从未”到“经常”依次计1~4分。总分为26~104分,得分越高表明个体获得的子女代际支持水平越高。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.936。
由张雨薇等[7]汉化,该量表用于评估老年人经历的日常年龄歧视感受,包括接触的年龄歧视信息(2个条目)、人际交往中的年龄歧视(5个条目)、内在的年龄歧视(3个条目)3个维度共10个条目。采用Likert4级评分法,条目1~6“从不”到“经常”依次计0~3分,条目7~10“非常不同意”~“非常同意”依次计0~3分,总分为0~30分,得分越高表明个体日常年龄歧视水平越高。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.910。
本研究采用问卷调查法,对课题组成员进行统一培训后,再开始发放问卷。调查员用统一的指导语向调查对象解释调查目的与注意事项,获得其同意后由其独立填写。若调查对象存在阅读困难或填写有障碍等情况,则由调查员逐条询问调查对象并反复确认其答案后代其填写。所有问卷当场填写并回收,剔除数据缺失的无效问卷。本次调查共发放问卷643份,回收有效问卷628份,有效回收率97.67%。
采用SPSS 29.0软件进行数据处理及分析。符合正态分布的计量资料采用均值±标准差描述,计数资料采用频数、百分比描述;采用两独立样本t检验或单因素方差分析对不同特征社区老年人健康自助行为得分进行组间比较;采用Pearson相关性分析社区老年人健康自助行为、科技恐惧、子女代际支持、日常年龄歧视的相关性;采用多元线性分层回归分析社区老年人健康自助行为影响因素。检验水准为α=0.05。
对不同特征社区老年人健康自助行为得分进行比较,其中不同文化程度、居住情况、婚姻状况、子女个数、子女性别、人均月收入、主要收入来源、医疗付费方式的社区老年人健康自助行为得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1。
见表2。
Pearson相关分析结果显示,子女代际支持与健康自助行为呈正相关(r=0.436,P<0.01),科技恐惧、日常年龄歧视与健康自助行为呈负相关(r=-0.516,-0.521,P<0.01)。
将健康自助行为设为因变量,选取科技恐惧、子女代际支持与日常年龄歧视以及单因素方差中具有统计学意义的变量作为自变量,结果显示,各个变量间不存在共线性问题。多元线性分层回归分析结果表明:居住方式为与配偶同住(P<0.001;β=0.257)和与配偶子女同住(P=0.001;β=0.147)、婚姻状况为初婚(P=0.021;β=0.123)、人均月收入(P<0.001;β=0.220)、子女代际支持(P<0.001;β=0.260)为保护因素;子女性别全是男性(P<0.001;β=-0.155)、科技恐惧(P<0.001;β=-0.306)、日常年龄歧视(P=0.027;β=-0.100)为危险因素。见表3。
本研究结果显示,社区老年人健康自助行为的量表总分为96.98±19.67分,处于中等偏上水平,与陈琳[9]研究结果相似,其中健康知识获取与健康互助两个维度得分相对较低。原因可能如下:健康知识获取方面,大多数社区老年人电子产品操作不熟练,且核心知识获取渠道狭窄,主要依赖社区宣传栏、纸质手册等传统方式,难以获取有效健康知识[14];健康互助方面,家人、朋友及老年人自身均将健康管理视为“个人私事”,尚未形成“互助监督健康”的共识,主动监督的意识不足。因此,针对健康知识获取水平较低的老年人,社区可以对知识获取渠道进行“适老化”改造,积极开展社区数字能力培训,帮助老年人突破数字障碍,拓宽有效健康知识获取途径[15];针对健康自助互助水平偏低的老年人,依托家庭、邻里及朋友支持,通过交流健康自助知识技能、在诊疗问诊等场景提供陪伴协助、以榜样作用带动并监督其开展适老化健康锻炼,助力提升其健康自助的主动性与规范性,切实提高健康自助水平[9]。
本研究结果显示,居住情况、婚姻状况、子女性别、人均月收入是社区老年人健康自助行为的影响因素。相比于独居或再婚老年人,配偶同住或处于初婚状态的老年人因拥有稳定的生活伴侣和持续的情感依托,能获得更多的健康提醒与家庭支持[16-17]。同时,家庭照护分工存在性别差异。子女结构中包含女性的老年人,受益于传统社会分工中女性在日常起居照顾上的高参与度,以及“有儿有女”家庭的优势互补,其健康自助行为水平高于子女全为男性的老年人[18]。此外,社会资本与健康促进行为呈正相关,个人月收入高的老年人相较于低收入的老年人社会资本水平更高,可能会获得更多的人脉和社会资源,更加注重生活品质和精神心理的需求,能够积极采取各种有效的方式缓解压力,释放不良的情绪,进而促进健康生活方式水平的提高[19]。
本研究结果显示,科技恐惧是社区老年人的健康自助行为影响因素。王强芬[20]研究指出,科技恐惧得分越高的老年人,对数字技术的不安全感越强,更易回避数字医疗、倾向传统就医。而传统就医模式便捷性与自主性方面存在明显局限,难以支撑老年人独立开展健康自助,最终导致其健康自助行为水平降低。进一步分析可得,在科技恐惧各维度中,人与机器模糊维度得分最高。究其原因,一方面数字产品适老化不足,操作繁琐,直接削弱了老年人的使用便利性;另一方面老年人隐私保护意识强烈,因担心信息泄露而产生心理顾虑,即便认可其功能,也难以形成正向的使用偏好[21-22]。因此,政府相关部门需健全适老化改造标准与信息安全保障机制,优化数字产品的使用便利性[15]。
本研究结果显示,子女代际支持是社区老年人健康自助行为的影响因素,与以往研究结果相似[4]。这可能源于子女代际支持越高的老年人数字焦虑与挫败感越低,更易激发其学习数字技术的内在动力,弱化对数字医疗服务的心理排斥,主动参与自我健康管理,进而提升其健康自助行为水平[23]。进一步分析可得,在子女代际支持的各维度中,情感支持维度得分最低。究其原因:一是代际情感表达含蓄,沟通多停留在生活与健康层面,忽视了老年人深层情感需求;二是子女受工作与生活压力影响,偏重物质尽孝,情感交流被弱化;三是代际居住分离减少了日常互动,线上沟通难以替代面对面陪伴。因此,应弘扬孝道文化,引导子女在物质支持之外更加重视情感陪伴与沟通,缓解老年人孤独与无力感;同时鼓励老年人主动表达需求,增进代际理解[18]。
本研究结果显示,日常年龄歧视是社区老年人健康自助行为的影响因素。研究指出,日常年龄歧视感知越强烈的老年人,更易感孤立排斥,滋生心理压力、自我怀疑甚至抑郁焦虑等情绪问题,进而削弱健康自助意愿[8]。进一步分析可得,在日常年龄歧视的各维度中,内在年龄歧视维度得分最高,究其原因:一是对自身衰老的消极认知会加剧老年人的心理困扰,进而削弱其学习效能,最终导致电子健康素养水平下降;二是内在年龄歧视会使老年人倾向于回避新事物,抑制其电子卫生资源使用意愿,不利于其开展健康自助行为[24]。建议社区强化心理干预,提升电子健康素养,破除内在年龄歧视。
社区老年人的健康自助行为水平处于中等偏上水平,仍有提升空间,居住方式、婚姻状况、子女性别、人均月收入、科技恐惧、子女代际支持、日常年龄歧视是其重要影响因素。建议国家应加强适老化政策与制度供给;社会需推进适老化服务与精准健康教育;家庭要强化情感关怀与互助支持。通过提升老年人的健康自助效能,进而推动其健康自助行为的常态化、规范化发展。本研究存在局限性,核心问题为样本代表性不足。调查人群多集中于60-70岁年轻老年群体且仅选取3个省份的7个社区,样本量相对小。未来可扩大样本,深挖地域差异,同时纳入农村老年人样本开展城乡对比,明晰农村群体科技恐惧与代际支持短板,为适老化背景下健康自助行为全域提升提供依据。
  • 2025年度湖南省大学生创新训练计划项目(湘教通〔2025〕141号-4900)
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2026年第53卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512152
  • 接收时间:2025-12-09
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-09
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2025年度湖南省大学生创新训练计划项目(湘教通〔2025〕141号-4900)
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    长沙医学院护理学院,湖南 长沙 410219

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