Article(id=1311350047929884807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601222, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1768320000000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579815132, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579815132, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579815132, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579815132, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311349919793905738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2304', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579784582, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588408144, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311386089701597565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311386089701597566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2203, endPage=2207, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350049620189320, articleId=1311350047929884807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge and influencing factors among primary and secondary school students, Anhui, 2024, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the current status of nutrition and health knowledge among primary and secondary school students in Anhui Province, analyze its influencing factors, and provide a basis for conducting nutrition and health education.

Methods

In 2024, a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate grades 4 to 6 and junior middle school students in 8 counties/districts in Anhui Province. The total score of the questionnaire was 100. The total of 75 or above indicated having knowledge of nutrition and health.A score of over 75% in each dimension was required to be considered as having nutritional health knowledge in that dimension. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of nutrition and health knowledge among students.

Results

A total of 2 225 primary and secondary school students were surveyed, including 1 074 girls (48.27%) and 1 018 primary school students (grades 4 to 6) (45.75%). The awareness rate of middle school students was relatively low in the two dimensions of dietary recommendations (24.58%) and food classification and characteristics (46.61%). Multivariate analysis showed that female (OR=1.346, 95%CI: 1.136-1.595), urban students (OR=1.224, 95%CI: 1.018-1.471), junior high school students (OR=1.500, 95%CI: 1.265-1.778), and having a mother with a college degree or above (OR=1.881, 95%CI: 1.347-2.627) were the positively correlated factors of students’ nutritional health knowledge.

Conclusion

Anhui Province’s primary and secondary school students have lower awareness rates of nutrition and health knowledge in the dimensions of dietary recommendations and food classification and characteristics. Gender, urban-rural residence, grade level, and the mother’s educational level are the main factors influencing students for the awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge among primary and secondary school students. Health education should be conducted for different students and in different aspects of nutrition and health knowledge.

, authors=Yong FAN, Shan-shan LI, Can MENG, Li WANG, Xue-nong MEI, Yong-kang XIAO, authorsList=Yong FAN, Shan-shan LI, Can MENG, Li WANG, Xue-nong MEI, Yong-kang XIAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yong-kang XIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350050152865929, articleId=1311350047929884807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=2024年安徽省中小学生营养健康知识知晓率及其影响因素, columnId=1228016570031604578, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=儿少卫生与妇幼保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解安徽省中小学生营养健康知识知水平现状,分析其影响因素,为开展营养健康知识教育提供依据。

方法

于2024年采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,在安徽8个县/区(市)对4~6年级和初中学生进行调查。调查问卷满分100分,得分在75分及以上为具备营养健康知识;每个维度得分超过该维度总分75%以上为具备该维度营养健康知识。采用二分类logistic回归,分析中小学生营养健康知识的影响因素。

结果

共调查2 225名中小学生,其中女生1 074人(48.27%),小学生(4~6年级)1 018人(45.75%)。中学生在膳食推荐(24.58%)和食物分类及特点(46.61%)这两个维度的知晓率较低。多因素分析发现,女生(OR=1.346,95%CI:1.136~1.595)、城市学生(OR=1.224,95%CI:1.018~1.471)、初中生(OR=1.500,95%CI:1.265~1.778)和母亲文化程度在大专及以上(OR=1.881,95%CI:1.347~2.627)是学生营养健康知识的正相关因素。

结论

安徽省中小学生对膳食推荐和食物分类及特点维度的营养健康知识知晓率较低;性别、城乡、学段及母亲文化程度是中小学生营养健康知识知晓率的主要影响因素。应针对不同学生和维度的营养健康知识开展健康教育。

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樊勇(1992—),男,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:食品与营养

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肖永康,E-mail:
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樊勇(1992—),男,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:食品与营养

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Nutrition literacy of middle school students and its influencing factors: a Cross-Sectional study in Chongqing, China[J].Frontiers in Public Health, 2022, 10: 807526., articleTitle=Nutrition literacy of middle school students and its influencing factors: a Cross-Sectional study in Chongqing, China, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1311350055433494718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047929884807, awardId=AHWJ2024Ab0204, language=CN, fundingSource=安徽省卫生健康科研项目(AHWJ2024Ab0204), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350050362581130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047929884807, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350050370969739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047929884807, companyId=1311350050362581130, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350050379358348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047929884807, companyId=1311350050362581130, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=安徽省疾病预防控制中心,安徽 合肥 230601)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311350054741434550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047929884807, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Variable definition and grouping

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
营养健康知识知晓率0=不具备,1=具备
性别0=男生,1=女生
学段0=小学,1=初中
城乡0=农村,1=城市
是否住校0=否,1=是
父亲文化程度0=不知道,1=小学及以下,2=初中,3=高中,4=大专及以上
母亲文化程度0=不知道,1=小学及以下,2=初中,3=高中,4=大专及以上
), ArticleFig(id=1311350054808543415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047929884807, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

变量定义及分组

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
营养健康知识知晓率0=不具备,1=具备
性别0=男生,1=女生
学段0=小学,1=初中
城乡0=农村,1=城市
是否住校0=否,1=是
父亲文化程度0=不知道,1=小学及以下,2=初中,3=高中,4=大专及以上
母亲文化程度0=不知道,1=小学及以下,2=初中,3=高中,4=大专及以上
), ArticleFig(id=1311350054879846584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047929884807, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge among people with different characteristics [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征具备(n=995)不具备(n=1 230)χ2值P值
性别12.671<0.001
男生473(41.09)678(58.91)
女生522(48.60)552(51.40)
学段22.774<0.001
小学484(40.10)723(59.90)
初中511(50.20)507(49.80)
城乡7.8890.005
农村375(41.16)536(58.84)
城市620(47.18)694(52.82)
住校0.3800.537
是115(46.56)132(53.44)
否880(44.49)1 098(55.51)
父亲文化程度18.9440.001
小学及以下58(35.37)106(64.63)
初中429(43.42)559(56.58)
高中234(49.06)243(50.94)
大专及以上185(50.68)180(49.32)
不知道89(38.53)142(61.47)
母亲文化程度22.907<0.001
小学及以下121(42.91)161(57.09)
初中411(44.43)514(55.57)
高中171(42.64)230(57.36)
大专及以上158(55.11)194(44.89)
不知道98(36.98)167(63.02)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350054963732665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047929884807, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同特征人群营养健康知识知晓率[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征具备(n=995)不具备(n=1 230)χ2值P值
性别12.671<0.001
男生473(41.09)678(58.91)
女生522(48.60)552(51.40)
学段22.774<0.001
小学484(40.10)723(59.90)
初中511(50.20)507(49.80)
城乡7.8890.005
农村375(41.16)536(58.84)
城市620(47.18)694(52.82)
住校0.3800.537
是115(46.56)132(53.44)
否880(44.49)1 098(55.51)
父亲文化程度18.9440.001
小学及以下58(35.37)106(64.63)
初中429(43.42)559(56.58)
高中234(49.06)243(50.94)
大专及以上185(50.68)180(49.32)
不知道89(38.53)142(61.47)
母亲文化程度22.907<0.001
小学及以下121(42.91)161(57.09)
初中411(44.43)514(55.57)
高中171(42.64)230(57.36)
大专及以上158(55.11)194(44.89)
不知道98(36.98)167(63.02)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350055064395962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047929884807, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge in various dimensions among people with different characteristics [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征膳食推荐食物分类及特点食物与生长发育和健康食物选择食品安全
性别
男258(22.42)534(46.39)676(58.73)682(59.25)764(66.38)
女289(26.91)503(46.83)689(64.15)679(63.22)811(75.51)
χ2值6.0510.0436.8863.68422.420
P值0.0140.8350.0090.055<0.001
学段
小学275(22.78)536(44.41)661(54.76)591(48.96)877(72.66)
初中272(26.72)501(49.21)704(69.16)770(75.64)698(68.57)
χ2值4.6135.12748.234165.4224.475
P值0.0320.024<0.001<0.0010.034
城乡
农村204(22.39)405(44.46)569(62.46)575(63.12)640(70.25)
城市343(26.10)632(48.10)796(60.58)786(59.82)935(71.16)
χ2值3.9952.8860.8022.4670.213
P值0.0460.0900.3700.1160.645
是否住校
否472(23.86)913(46.16)1 209(61.12)1 189(60.11)1 408(71.18)
是75(30.36)124(50.20)156(63.16)172(69.64)167(67.61)
χ2值5.0071.4440.3848.3861.355
P值0.0250.2300.5360.0040.244
父亲文化程度
小学及以下35(21.34)64(39.02)88(53.66)90(54.88)109(66.46)
初中216(21.86)467(47.27)592(59.92)594(60.12)674(68.22)
高中129(27.04)230(48.22)322(67.51)301(63.10)354(74.21)
大专及以上110(30.14)180(49.32)243(66.58)249(68.22)291(79.73)
不知道57(24.68)96(41.56)120(51.95)127(54.98)147(63.64)
χ2值12.5067.90125.38115.30527.159
P值0.0140.095<0.0010.004<0.001
母亲文化程度
小学及以下59(20.92)127(45.04)176(62.41)172(60.99)196(69.50)
初中210(22.70)434(46.92)574(62.05)560(60.54)641(69.30)
高中106(26.43)189(47.13)241(60.10)237(59.10)283(70.57)
大专及以上106(30.11)179(47.21)239(67.90)242(68.75)283(80.40)
不知道66(24.91)108(40.75)135(50.94)150(56.60)172(64.91)
χ2值10.3666.55719.05911.72121.381
P值0.0350.1610.0010.020<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350055144087739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047929884807, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同特征人群各维度营养健康知识知晓率[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征膳食推荐食物分类及特点食物与生长发育和健康食物选择食品安全
性别
男258(22.42)534(46.39)676(58.73)682(59.25)764(66.38)
女289(26.91)503(46.83)689(64.15)679(63.22)811(75.51)
χ2值6.0510.0436.8863.68422.420
P值0.0140.8350.0090.055<0.001
学段
小学275(22.78)536(44.41)661(54.76)591(48.96)877(72.66)
初中272(26.72)501(49.21)704(69.16)770(75.64)698(68.57)
χ2值4.6135.12748.234165.4224.475
P值0.0320.024<0.001<0.0010.034
城乡
农村204(22.39)405(44.46)569(62.46)575(63.12)640(70.25)
城市343(26.10)632(48.10)796(60.58)786(59.82)935(71.16)
χ2值3.9952.8860.8022.4670.213
P值0.0460.0900.3700.1160.645
是否住校
否472(23.86)913(46.16)1 209(61.12)1 189(60.11)1 408(71.18)
是75(30.36)124(50.20)156(63.16)172(69.64)167(67.61)
χ2值5.0071.4440.3848.3861.355
P值0.0250.2300.5360.0040.244
父亲文化程度
小学及以下35(21.34)64(39.02)88(53.66)90(54.88)109(66.46)
初中216(21.86)467(47.27)592(59.92)594(60.12)674(68.22)
高中129(27.04)230(48.22)322(67.51)301(63.10)354(74.21)
大专及以上110(30.14)180(49.32)243(66.58)249(68.22)291(79.73)
不知道57(24.68)96(41.56)120(51.95)127(54.98)147(63.64)
χ2值12.5067.90125.38115.30527.159
P值0.0140.095<0.0010.004<0.001
母亲文化程度
小学及以下59(20.92)127(45.04)176(62.41)172(60.99)196(69.50)
初中210(22.70)434(46.92)574(62.05)560(60.54)641(69.30)
高中106(26.43)189(47.13)241(60.10)237(59.10)283(70.57)
大专及以上106(30.11)179(47.21)239(67.90)242(68.75)283(80.40)
不知道66(24.91)108(40.75)135(50.94)150(56.60)172(64.91)
χ2值10.3666.55719.05911.72121.381
P值0.0350.1610.0010.020<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350055236362428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047929884807, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Multivariate logistic analysis of the awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge among primary and secondary school students in Anhui Province in 2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β标准误Wald χ2值P值OR值(95%CI)
性别(参照:男性)
女0.2970.08711.7700.0011.346(1.136~1.595)
城乡(参照:农村)
城市0.2020.0944.6090.0321.224(1.018~1.471)
学段(参照:小学)
初中0.4050.08721.715<0.0011.500(1.265~1.778)
母亲文化程度(参照:不知道)
小学0.2780.1782.4350.1191.321 (0.931~1.873)
初中0.2720.1453.5280.0601.313(0.988~1.744)
高中0.1980.1641.4510.2281.219(0.883~1.681)
大专及以上0.6320.17013.753<0.0011.881(1.347~2.627)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350055303471293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047929884807, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2024年安徽省中小学生营养健康知识知晓率多因素logistic分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β标准误Wald χ2值P值OR值(95%CI)
性别(参照:男性)
女0.2970.08711.7700.0011.346(1.136~1.595)
城乡(参照:农村)
城市0.2020.0944.6090.0321.224(1.018~1.471)
学段(参照:小学)
初中0.4050.08721.715<0.0011.500(1.265~1.778)
母亲文化程度(参照:不知道)
小学0.2780.1782.4350.1191.321 (0.931~1.873)
初中0.2720.1453.5280.0601.313(0.988~1.744)
高中0.1980.1641.4510.2281.219(0.883~1.681)
大专及以上0.6320.17013.753<0.0011.881(1.347~2.627)
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2024年安徽省中小学生营养健康知识知晓率及其影响因素
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樊勇 , 李珊珊 , 孟灿 , 王力 , 梅学农 , 肖永康
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026,53(12): 2203-2207
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现代预防医学 |儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026 , 53 (12) : 2203 -2207
2024年安徽省中小学生营养健康知识知晓率及其影响因素
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樊勇, 李珊珊, 孟灿, 王力, 梅学农, 肖永康
作者信息
  • 安徽省疾病预防控制中心,安徽 合肥 230601
通讯作者:
肖永康,E-mail:
作者简介:

樊勇(1992—),男,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:食品与营养

Awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge and influencing factors among primary and secondary school students, Anhui, 2024
Yong FAN, Shan-shan LI, Can MENG, Li WANG, Xue-nong MEI, Yong-kang XIAO
Affiliations
  • Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601222
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目的

了解安徽省中小学生营养健康知识知水平现状,分析其影响因素,为开展营养健康知识教育提供依据。

方法

于2024年采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,在安徽8个县/区(市)对4~6年级和初中学生进行调查。调查问卷满分100分,得分在75分及以上为具备营养健康知识;每个维度得分超过该维度总分75%以上为具备该维度营养健康知识。采用二分类logistic回归,分析中小学生营养健康知识的影响因素。

结果

共调查2 225名中小学生,其中女生1 074人(48.27%),小学生(4~6年级)1 018人(45.75%)。中学生在膳食推荐(24.58%)和食物分类及特点(46.61%)这两个维度的知晓率较低。多因素分析发现,女生(OR=1.346,95%CI:1.136~1.595)、城市学生(OR=1.224,95%CI:1.018~1.471)、初中生(OR=1.500,95%CI:1.265~1.778)和母亲文化程度在大专及以上(OR=1.881,95%CI:1.347~2.627)是学生营养健康知识的正相关因素。

结论

安徽省中小学生对膳食推荐和食物分类及特点维度的营养健康知识知晓率较低;性别、城乡、学段及母亲文化程度是中小学生营养健康知识知晓率的主要影响因素。应针对不同学生和维度的营养健康知识开展健康教育。

学生  /  营养  /  健康  /  知晓率  /  影响因素
Objective

To understand the current status of nutrition and health knowledge among primary and secondary school students in Anhui Province, analyze its influencing factors, and provide a basis for conducting nutrition and health education.

Methods

In 2024, a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate grades 4 to 6 and junior middle school students in 8 counties/districts in Anhui Province. The total score of the questionnaire was 100. The total of 75 or above indicated having knowledge of nutrition and health.A score of over 75% in each dimension was required to be considered as having nutritional health knowledge in that dimension. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of nutrition and health knowledge among students.

Results

A total of 2 225 primary and secondary school students were surveyed, including 1 074 girls (48.27%) and 1 018 primary school students (grades 4 to 6) (45.75%). The awareness rate of middle school students was relatively low in the two dimensions of dietary recommendations (24.58%) and food classification and characteristics (46.61%). Multivariate analysis showed that female (OR=1.346, 95%CI: 1.136-1.595), urban students (OR=1.224, 95%CI: 1.018-1.471), junior high school students (OR=1.500, 95%CI: 1.265-1.778), and having a mother with a college degree or above (OR=1.881, 95%CI: 1.347-2.627) were the positively correlated factors of students’ nutritional health knowledge.

Conclusion

Anhui Province’s primary and secondary school students have lower awareness rates of nutrition and health knowledge in the dimensions of dietary recommendations and food classification and characteristics. Gender, urban-rural residence, grade level, and the mother’s educational level are the main factors influencing students for the awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge among primary and secondary school students. Health education should be conducted for different students and in different aspects of nutrition and health knowledge.

Students  /  Nutrition  /  Health  /  Awareness rate  /  Influencing factors
樊勇, 李珊珊, 孟灿, 王力, 梅学农, 肖永康. 2024年安徽省中小学生营养健康知识知晓率及其影响因素. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (12) : 2203 -2207 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601222
Yong FAN, Shan-shan LI, Can MENG, Li WANG, Xue-nong MEI, Yong-kang XIAO. Awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge and influencing factors among primary and secondary school students, Anhui, 2024[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (12) : 2203 -2207 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601222
随着我国经济和社会的发展,儿童青少年的超重与肥胖检出率呈上升趋势,且仍将持续增长[1-2]。安徽省中小学生的超重、肥胖检出率也呈现持续增长的趋势[3]。营养知识缺乏和不健康的饮食习惯容易导致个体发生超重肥胖;而高水平的营养健康知识有利于形成健康的饮食行为和习惯[4-6]。《健康中国行动(2019—2030年)》提出[7],“加强对学生营养管理和营养指导,开展针对学生的营养健康教育”,但安徽省既往无针对中小学生的营养健康知识调查。本研究利用2023—2024年安徽省中小学生营养健康知识知晓率调查结果,描述和分析安徽省中小学生营养健康知识现状及相关影响因素,为研究和制定政策提供科学依据。
研究数据来自2023—2024年安徽省中小学生营养健康知识知晓率调查,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,在安徽省8个县/区(市)开展调查。每个地区至少随机选取2所全日制普通小学(4~6年级)、1所初中,再以年级分层,以教学班为单位随机整群抽样构成调查样本。每个年级至少调查42人,男女各半。共调查2 225人。本研究经中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所伦理委员会审查通过(伦理号:2022-037)[8],所有研究对象均由本人或家长签署知情同意书。
采用面对面调查方式进行,调查问卷由中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所设计。调查问卷分为小学版(4~6年级)和初中版两种,每种问卷均包括被调查对象的人口基本信息和营养健康知识,其中营养健康知识包括膳食推荐、食物分类及特点、食物与生长发育和健康、食物选择、食品安全5个维度,满分100分。总知晓率=(问卷总得分达到75分及以上的人数/总答题人数)×100%;某维度营养健康知识知晓率=(在该维度得分超过该维度总分75%的人数/总答题人数)×100%[9]。
制定统一的调查方案和工作手册,并对各调查点人员进行培训。采用EpiData 3.1数据库进行双人双录入,对数据进行逻辑检验,对异常值及缺失值及时进行核实。对不符合要求问卷,予以剔除。
采用SPSSPRO对数据进行清理和统计分析。不同分组人群间的营养健康知识知晓率采用χ2检验。以是否具备营养健康知识知晓率为因变量,以性别、学段、城乡、是否住校、父亲文化程度、母亲文化程度为自变量,采用逐步向前回归方法进行多因素logistic回归分析。检验水准α=0.05。各变量定义及分组见表1。
本次研究共调查2 225名学生,其中男生1 151人(51.73%),初中生1 207人(54.25%),城市学生1 314人(59.06%),非住校生1 978人(88.90%);父亲和母亲文化程度为初中的人数最多,分别为988人(44.40%)和925(41.57%)。
学生的营养健康知识知晓率为44.72%,男生低于女生(P<0.001);初中生知晓率高于小学生(P<0.001);城市学生知晓率高于农村学生(P<0.01)。学生的知晓率整体随父亲和母亲文化程度的增加而增加(P值均<0.01)。见表2。
膳食推荐、食物分类及特点、食物与生长发育和健康、食物选择和食品安全维度的营养健康知识知晓率分别为24.58%、46.61%、61.35%、61.12%和70.79%。不同性别、学段、城乡、是否住校和父亲文化程度的学生在膳食推荐维度营养健康知识知晓率上,差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。不同学段的学生在食物分类及特点维度营养健康知识知晓率上,差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。不同性别、学段、父亲文化程度和母亲文化程度的学生在食物与生长发育和健康维度营养健康知识知晓率上,差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。不同学段、是否住校、父亲文化程度和母亲文化程度的学生在食物选择维度营养健康知识知晓率上,差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。不同性别、学段、父亲文化程度和母亲文化程度的学生在食品安全维度营养健康知识知晓率上,差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。见表3。
Logistic回归分析结果发现,性别、城乡、学段及母亲文化程度是学生营养健康知识知晓率影响因素;其中,女生(OR=1.346,95%CI:1.136~1.595)相对于男生知晓率较高;城市学生(OR=1.224,95%CI:1.018~1.471)相对农村学生的知晓率高;初中生(OR=1.500,95%CI:1.265~1.778))相对于小学生的知晓率较高;母亲文化程度在大专及以上(OR=1.881,95%CI:1.347~2.627)的学生相较于其它母亲文化程度学生的知晓率较高。见表4。
我国7~18岁中小学生超重和肥胖的检出率逐年增加,已经从1985年的1.23%增长到2019年的23.43%,且将会持续增长[1]。儿童超重和肥胖不仅会导致血脂紊乱、糖耐量异常等,还会增加成年期肥胖和心脑血管疾病等慢性病过早发生的风险[10],而营养知识缺乏是导致超重、肥胖的重要原因[11]。有研究表明,儿童营养知识和食物技能等营养素养与其饮食行为密切相关[12-13]。因此,加强中小学生营养健康知识教育,提高学生营养健康知识水平显得尤为必要。本研究表明,安徽省中小学生营养健康知识知晓率为44.72%,高于成人的知晓率(28.13%)[14],这与学校开设营养健康相关课程有关。研究结果还显示,中小学生在食物与生长发育和健康、食物选择和食品安全维度这三个维度营养健康知识知晓率尚可,而在膳食推荐和食物分类及特点这两个维度的知晓率较低。膳食推荐维度是重要营养健康知识的一个维度,关注平衡膳食和油、盐、糖调味品的摄入,与膳食行为直接相关[15-16],还能为营养宣教的策略提供方向[17]。膳食推荐维度知晓率低意味着学生难以依据科学的营养标准规划日常饮食,可能导致食物摄入不均衡,进而影响身体正常发育和健康状态。不同食物营养成分不同,多种食物才能满足人体的需求[18],学生对食物分类及特点维度知晓率低,不利于形成良好膳食模式。有研究显示,超重肥胖儿童倾向于选择高血糖生成指数(glycemic index,GI)膳食模式和零食膳食模式,而高GI和零食膳食模式会增加肥胖、心血管疾病等健康风险[19]。本研究结果提示,针对学生膳食推荐和食物分类及特点教育维度的营养健康教育,是未来安徽省学生营养干预的重点内容。
多因素分析发现,女生、城乡、初中生和母亲文化程度在大专及以上是儿童营养健康知识的正相关因素。女生的营养健康知识知晓率高于男生,这与学生营养素养研究相似[20-21],可能与女生对个体的体型审美的观念有关,她们对营养知识更感兴趣、更愿意改变不良的饮食行为。初中生的学生营养健康知识知晓率高于小学生(50.20% vs 40.10%),这与营养素养研究一致[22],可能是相较于小学生而言,初中生在选择和摄入食物方面有着更多的自主性。母亲文化程度在大专及以上的学生知晓率较高,这与重庆、北京等地的营养素养结果一致[22-23]。这可能是因为母亲作为家庭饮食的主要安排者,文化程度高意味着她们更易接受科学的营养理念,为孩子营造良好的家庭营养氛围,在日常饮食中向孩子传递营养知识。鉴于本研究发现的学生营养健康知识知晓率的现状和差异,有针对性的开展营养健康知识教育十分必要。
综上所述,小学生是安徽省中小学生营养健康知识教育的重点人群,可以根据《中国学龄儿童膳食指南》,开展关于膳食推荐和食物分类及特点相关内容的健康教育;也可以针对学生家长开展膳食营养的科普教育,形成良好的家庭营养氛围,从而帮助中小学生树立合理膳食理念,养成科学健康的饮食习惯。
  • 安徽省卫生健康科研项目(AHWJ2024Ab0204)
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2026年第53卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601222
  • 接收时间:2026-01-14
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-14
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安徽省卫生健康科研项目(AHWJ2024Ab0204)
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    安徽省疾病预防控制中心,安徽 合肥 230601

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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