Article(id=1311350041504219166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510318, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1761494400000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579813599, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579813599, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579813599, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579813599, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311349919793905738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2304', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579784582, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588408144, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311386089701597565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311386089701597566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2299, endPage=2304, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350041713934367, articleId=1311350041504219166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of avoidable hospitalizations for diabetes, Xinjiang, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the current status and influencing factors of avoidable hospitalization among diabetic patients in Xinjiang.

Methods

Using survey data from sample institutions in the Xinjiang Health Expenditure Accounting and Monitoring Agency database for 2021-2023, alongside macro-level statistical data, we constructed multilevel logistic regression model to analyze the relationship between avoidable hospital admissions and individual characteristics and healthcare resources.

Results

There were 45 667 patients who experienced avoidable hospitalizations for diabetes. Regression results showed that male patients, those located in Southern Xinjiang and Northern Xinjiang, those receiving care at city-level hospitals, and diabetic patients in areas with a low average number of hospital beds per 10 000 people or low-to-medium average number of health institutions per 10 000 people were more likely to experience avoidable hospitalizations.

Conclusion

Avoidable hospitalizations for diabetes in Xinjiang are influenced by multiple factors. Future policy development should focus on guiding patients to make appropriate choices regarding the level of healthcare facilities, improving the balanced distribution of medical resources across regions, and optimizing resource allocation to reduce the incidence of avoidable hospitalizations.

, authors=Yuan-yuan WU1, Lu MAO1, 2, Yu-ting XIE1, Xiao-peng HU1, Si-tong LIU3, Dong-sheng RUI1, 2, authorsList=Yuan-yuan WU, Lu MAO, Yu-ting XIE, Xiao-peng HU, Si-tong LIU, Dong-sheng RUI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lu MAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350044909994024, articleId=1311350041504219166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=新疆糖尿病可避免住院现状及影响因素分析, columnId=1228016570119680182, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=临床与预防, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨新疆糖尿病患者可避免住院现状及影响因素。

方法

利用2021—2023年新疆卫生费用核算监测机构数据库中样本机构调查数据及宏观统计数据,构建多水平logistic回归模型,分析患者可避免住院与个体特征和医疗卫生资源的关系。

结果

45 667例患者发生糖尿病可避免住院。回归结果显示,男性、位于南疆和北疆、在市级医院就医、每万人平均床位数为低水平、每万人平均卫生机构数为低中水平的糖尿病患者更容易发生可避免住院。

结论

新疆糖尿病可避免住院受多因素影响。未来政策制定应聚焦引导患者合理选择医疗机构等级、改善地区医疗资源均衡布局、优化资源配置等降低可避免住院发生率。

, authors=吴媛媛1, 毛璐1, 2, 谢雨婷1, 胡潇鹏1, 刘思佟3, 芮东升1, 2, authorsList=吴媛媛, 毛璐, 谢雨婷, 胡潇鹏, 刘思佟, 芮东升, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=毛璐, authorNote=

吴媛媛(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

, correspAuthorsNote=
毛璐,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=mob8a+9cf8MApDrJAUYnUw==, magXml=xTiRppO+LsL33rtwL7nH4g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=DwS5kd/IoDQqKmyQHdwIow==, pdfFileSize=750449, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=bzQ4/lJatra4YdGIQKN0kg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=1/Anfn1dSuIS5YsrX1FNww==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1311350045480419377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350041504219166, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1311350045614637107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350041504219166, authorId=1311350045480419377, language=EN, stringName=Yuan-yuan WU, firstName=Yuan-yuan, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Public Health, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311350045690134580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350041504219166, authorId=1311350045480419377, language=CN, stringName=吴媛媛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.石河子大学公共卫生学院,新疆 石河子 832003, bio={"content":"

吴媛媛(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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吴媛媛(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=International academic dialogue on general practice: avoidable hospitalizations and optimization of primary health care, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350045178429481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350041504219166, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350045186818090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350041504219166, companyId=1311350045178429481, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350045191012395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350041504219166, companyId=1311350045178429481, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.石河子大学公共卫生学院,新疆 石河子 832003)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350045321035820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350041504219166, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350045325230125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350041504219166, companyId=1311350045321035820, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.新发传染病防控与公共卫生安全兵团重点实验室)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350045396533294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350041504219166, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350045404921903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350041504219166, companyId=1311350045396533294, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.石河子大学第一附属医院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311350047908921434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350041504219166, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Characteristics of patients with avoidable hospitalizations for diabetes in Xinjiang, 2021-2023, figureFileSmall=WtArvoOE8QTh+/Cmj5fkMw==, figureFileBig=bzQ4/lJatra4YdGIQKN0kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350049465008219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350041504219166, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2021—2023年新疆糖尿病患者可避免住院一般情况, figureFileSmall=WtArvoOE8QTh+/Cmj5fkMw==, figureFileBig=bzQ4/lJatra4YdGIQKN0kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350049750220892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350041504219166, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Univariable logistic analysis of avoidable hospitalizations for diabetes in Xinjiang, 2021-2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量BSEWaldPOR
性别0.1180.02130.360<0.0011.125(1.079~1.174)
年龄-0.0600.01419.648<0.0010.942(0.917~0.967)
患者就医地区人均GDP水平-0.1840.013192.167<0.0010.832(0.811~0.854)
就医机构等级0.7940.0124 081.450<0.0012.212(2.158~2.266)
就医机构地区-0.2450.013373.600<0.0010.783(0.764~0.802)
就医费用支付方式-0.0830.005234.886<0.0010.920(0.910~0.930)
每万人平均卫生机构数-1.1630.091161.910<0.0010.313(0.261~0.374)
每万人平均床位数1.0620.075200.640<0.0012.891(2.496~3.349)
每万人平均卫生技术人员数-1.1280.081195.640<0.0010.324(0.276~0.379)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350049829912669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350041504219166, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2021—2023年新疆糖尿病可避免住院单因素logistic分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量BSEWaldPOR
性别0.1180.02130.360<0.0011.125(1.079~1.174)
年龄-0.0600.01419.648<0.0010.942(0.917~0.967)
患者就医地区人均GDP水平-0.1840.013192.167<0.0010.832(0.811~0.854)
就医机构等级0.7940.0124 081.450<0.0012.212(2.158~2.266)
就医机构地区-0.2450.013373.600<0.0010.783(0.764~0.802)
就医费用支付方式-0.0830.005234.886<0.0010.920(0.910~0.930)
每万人平均卫生机构数-1.1630.091161.910<0.0010.313(0.261~0.374)
每万人平均床位数1.0620.075200.640<0.0012.891(2.496~3.349)
每万人平均卫生技术人员数-1.1280.081195.640<0.0010.324(0.276~0.379)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350049897021534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350041504219166, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Assignment table of influencing factors for avoidable hospitalization due to diabetes in Xinjiang

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称赋值说明
性别1=男
2=女
年龄1=35岁以下
2=35到64岁以下
3=65岁及以上
患者就医地区人均GDP水平1=低水平(<10万)
2=高水平(≥10万)就医机构等级1=省级
2=市级
3=区级
4=县级
就医机构地区1=北疆
2=南疆
3=东疆
就医费用支付方式1=城镇职工医疗保险
2=城乡居民医疗保险
3=贫困救助
4=其他类型保险
5=全自费
每万人口平均卫生机构数水平1=低水平(<4.8/每万)
2=中水平(4.8~6.8/每万人口)
3=高水平(>6.8/每万)
每万人口平均床位数水平1=低水平(<55张/每万)
2=中水平(55~80张/每万)
3=高水平(>80张/每万)
每万人口平均卫生技术人员数水平1=低水平(<62/每万)
2=中水平(62~102/每万)
3=高水平(>102/每万)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350049959936095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350041504219166, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

新疆糖尿病可避免住院影响因素赋值表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称赋值说明
性别1=男
2=女
年龄1=35岁以下
2=35到64岁以下
3=65岁及以上
患者就医地区人均GDP水平1=低水平(<10万)
2=高水平(≥10万)就医机构等级1=省级
2=市级
3=区级
4=县级
就医机构地区1=北疆
2=南疆
3=东疆
就医费用支付方式1=城镇职工医疗保险
2=城乡居民医疗保险
3=贫困救助
4=其他类型保险
5=全自费
每万人口平均卫生机构数水平1=低水平(<4.8/每万)
2=中水平(4.8~6.8/每万人口)
3=高水平(>6.8/每万)
每万人口平均床位数水平1=低水平(<55张/每万)
2=中水平(55~80张/每万)
3=高水平(>80张/每万)
每万人口平均卫生技术人员数水平1=低水平(<62/每万)
2=中水平(62~102/每万)
3=高水平(>102/每万)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350050035433568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350041504219166, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multivariable logistic regression analysis of avoidable hospitalizations for diabetes in Xinjiang, 2021-2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量BSEWaldPOR
性别(对照女性)
男性0.0970.02318.247<0.0011.101(1.054~1.151)
年龄(对照≥65岁)
<35岁0.0520.0381.8960.1691.054(0.978~1.135)
35~64岁-0.1130.01651.439<0.0010.893(0.866~0.921)
就医机构所属地区(对照东疆)
南疆1.1320.038893.431<0.0013.100(2.879~3.339)
北疆1.7400.0362 285.787<0.0015.699(5.307~6.120)
就医机构所在地区人均GDP(对照水平高)<0.001
水平低-0.1840.013192.167<0.0010.832(0.811~0.854)
支付方式(对照全自费)<0.001
城镇职工医疗保险-0.5370.054100.191<0.0010.584(0.526~0.649)
城乡居民医疗保险-0.4340.05464.483<0.0010.648(0.582~0.720)
贫困救助0.7370.3055.835<0.0502.090(1.149~3.800)
其他类型保险-0.1670.0578.667<0.0010.846(0.757~0.946)
就医机构等级(对照县级)
省级-0.4270.06839.401<0.0010.652(0.571~0.745)
市级1.7100.0283 840.380<0.0015.531(5.240~5.839)
区级-2.2180.098514.387<0.0010.109(0.090~0.132)
每万人平均床位水平(对照高水平)<0.001
水平低2.1140.071875.240<0.0018.278(7.196~9.522)
水平中-0.3290.026155.813<0.0010.719(0.683~0.758)
每万人平均卫生机构数水平(对照高水平)<0.001
水平低1.3260.0282 195.057<0.0013.767(3.564~3.982)
水平中1.1420.0271 790.918<0.0013.132(2.970~3.302)
每万人平均卫生技术人员数水平(对照高水平)<0.001
水平低-0.3460.04074.814<0.0010.708(0.654~0.765)
水平中-0.0170.0300.3020.5830.984(0.927~1.043)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350050119319649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350041504219166, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2021—2023年新疆糖尿病可避免住院多因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量BSEWaldPOR
性别(对照女性)
男性0.0970.02318.247<0.0011.101(1.054~1.151)
年龄(对照≥65岁)
<35岁0.0520.0381.8960.1691.054(0.978~1.135)
35~64岁-0.1130.01651.439<0.0010.893(0.866~0.921)
就医机构所属地区(对照东疆)
南疆1.1320.038893.431<0.0013.100(2.879~3.339)
北疆1.7400.0362 285.787<0.0015.699(5.307~6.120)
就医机构所在地区人均GDP(对照水平高)<0.001
水平低-0.1840.013192.167<0.0010.832(0.811~0.854)
支付方式(对照全自费)<0.001
城镇职工医疗保险-0.5370.054100.191<0.0010.584(0.526~0.649)
城乡居民医疗保险-0.4340.05464.483<0.0010.648(0.582~0.720)
贫困救助0.7370.3055.835<0.0502.090(1.149~3.800)
其他类型保险-0.1670.0578.667<0.0010.846(0.757~0.946)
就医机构等级(对照县级)
省级-0.4270.06839.401<0.0010.652(0.571~0.745)
市级1.7100.0283 840.380<0.0015.531(5.240~5.839)
区级-2.2180.098514.387<0.0010.109(0.090~0.132)
每万人平均床位水平(对照高水平)<0.001
水平低2.1140.071875.240<0.0018.278(7.196~9.522)
水平中-0.3290.026155.813<0.0010.719(0.683~0.758)
每万人平均卫生机构数水平(对照高水平)<0.001
水平低1.3260.0282 195.057<0.0013.767(3.564~3.982)
水平中1.1420.0271 790.918<0.0013.132(2.970~3.302)
每万人平均卫生技术人员数水平(对照高水平)<0.001
水平低-0.3460.04074.814<0.0010.708(0.654~0.765)
水平中-0.0170.0300.3020.5830.984(0.927~1.043)
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新疆糖尿病可避免住院现状及影响因素分析
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吴媛媛 1 , 毛璐 1, 2 , 谢雨婷 1 , 胡潇鹏 1 , 刘思佟 3 , 芮东升 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2026,53(12): 2299-2304
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现代预防医学 |临床与预防 2026 , 53 (12) : 2299 -2304
新疆糖尿病可避免住院现状及影响因素分析
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吴媛媛1, 毛璐1, 2 , 谢雨婷1, 胡潇鹏1, 刘思佟3, 芮东升1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.石河子大学公共卫生学院,新疆 石河子 832003
  • 2.新发传染病防控与公共卫生安全兵团重点实验室
  • 3.石河子大学第一附属医院
通讯作者:
毛璐,E-mail:
作者简介:

吴媛媛(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of avoidable hospitalizations for diabetes, Xinjiang
Yuan-yuan WU1, Lu MAO1, 2 , Yu-ting XIE1, Xiao-peng HU1, Si-tong LIU3, Dong-sheng RUI1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510318
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目的

探讨新疆糖尿病患者可避免住院现状及影响因素。

方法

利用2021—2023年新疆卫生费用核算监测机构数据库中样本机构调查数据及宏观统计数据,构建多水平logistic回归模型,分析患者可避免住院与个体特征和医疗卫生资源的关系。

结果

45 667例患者发生糖尿病可避免住院。回归结果显示,男性、位于南疆和北疆、在市级医院就医、每万人平均床位数为低水平、每万人平均卫生机构数为低中水平的糖尿病患者更容易发生可避免住院。

结论

新疆糖尿病可避免住院受多因素影响。未来政策制定应聚焦引导患者合理选择医疗机构等级、改善地区医疗资源均衡布局、优化资源配置等降低可避免住院发生率。

糖尿病  /  可避免住院  /  新疆  /  影响因素  /  医疗卫生资源
Objective

To investigate the current status and influencing factors of avoidable hospitalization among diabetic patients in Xinjiang.

Methods

Using survey data from sample institutions in the Xinjiang Health Expenditure Accounting and Monitoring Agency database for 2021-2023, alongside macro-level statistical data, we constructed multilevel logistic regression model to analyze the relationship between avoidable hospital admissions and individual characteristics and healthcare resources.

Results

There were 45 667 patients who experienced avoidable hospitalizations for diabetes. Regression results showed that male patients, those located in Southern Xinjiang and Northern Xinjiang, those receiving care at city-level hospitals, and diabetic patients in areas with a low average number of hospital beds per 10 000 people or low-to-medium average number of health institutions per 10 000 people were more likely to experience avoidable hospitalizations.

Conclusion

Avoidable hospitalizations for diabetes in Xinjiang are influenced by multiple factors. Future policy development should focus on guiding patients to make appropriate choices regarding the level of healthcare facilities, improving the balanced distribution of medical resources across regions, and optimizing resource allocation to reduce the incidence of avoidable hospitalizations.

Diabetes  /  Avoidable hospitalization  /  Xinjiang  /  Influencing factors  /  Healthcare resources
吴媛媛, 毛璐, 谢雨婷, 胡潇鹏, 刘思佟, 芮东升. 新疆糖尿病可避免住院现状及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (12) : 2299 -2304 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510318
Yuan-yuan WU, Lu MAO, Yu-ting XIE, Xiao-peng HU, Si-tong LIU, Dong-sheng RUI. Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of avoidable hospitalizations for diabetes, Xinjiang[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (12) : 2299 -2304 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510318
糖尿病已成为全球重大公共卫生挑战。我国城镇化、人口老龄化及疾病谱变化使糖尿病及其并发症负担加剧。新疆因地理、饮食、民族构成等因素,防控形势尤为严峻。2023年我国糖尿病患病人数约2.33亿,年龄标准化患病率从2005年的7.53%升至13.7%[1]。与此同时,糖尿病等慢性病住院费用持续增长,其中相当一部分属于“可避免住院”,即通过初级卫生保健早期干预和规范管理即可避免的住院。研究表明糖尿病患者可避免住院费用占慢性病可避免住院总费用的21.43%[2],凸显出加强基层管理的紧迫性。
目前国内外对糖尿病可避免住院已有一定研究[3-4],但我国既往相关探讨主要集中于中部及个别西部省份,新疆在该领域尚处于起步探索阶段,因此,本研究将系统分析新疆糖尿病可避免住院的现状与影响因素,为优化医疗资源配置、提升糖尿病管理效果、降低医疗费用提供实证依据。
本研究数据来源于两部分。第一部分为宏观层面数据,来源于《新疆卫生统计年报》等公开渠道,用于获取各地的常住人口数、医疗卫生机构数、床位数、卫生技术人员数等区域卫生资源指标;第二部分为个体层面数据,来源于新疆卫生费用核算监测机构数据库中的样本机构调查数据。该数据库中样本机构的选取采用多阶段分层抽样法:首先根据经济发展水平与地理分布,选择W、B、Y、H、K五个监测地区作为样本点;再结合城乡分布与医疗卫生发展水平,在每个地区抽取3~5个县(区),进而逐级抽取乡镇及村级样本单位。由于个体数据来源于抽样监测机构而非全区全量数据,故在方法部分明确说明抽样过程。调查收集了糖尿病患者住院相关数据,包括人口学特征、诊疗费用及医保信息等。
综合参考《糖尿病住院指南》、经济合作与发展组织(OECD)和国内学者简伟研制定的标准[5]。具体如下:
纳入标准:年龄≥15岁;出院诊断为糖尿病。
排除标准:孕产妇病例;院内死亡病例;从其他急症医疗机构转入;妊娠/分娩/产褥期相关病例;仅接受当日治疗者以及糖尿病急性并发症(如酮症酸中毒、高血糖高渗综合征、乳酸性酸中毒)或慢性并发症(如视网膜病变、肾病、神经病变、糖尿病足、周围血管病变)及其导致的需紧急救治的严重靶器官损害(如急性心脑血管病、肾功能不全、严重视力下降、间歇性跛行等)。
本研究影响因素的选取主要基于文献回顾。现有系统综述表明,影响可避免住院的因素可归纳为三个维度:患者个体特征、医疗保障与支付制度,以及医疗资源供给与配置[6]。国内多项同类研究亦将上述变量纳入分析框架[3,7],基于已有文献基础,结合新疆卫生费用核算监测机构数据库中可获取的变量情况,本研究最终选取性别、年龄、患者就医地区人均GDP水平、就医机构等级、就医机构所属地区、就医费用支付方式,以及每万人平均卫生机构数、床位数、卫生技术人员数等作为分析变量。
本研究保留全年龄段患者,排除关键信息缺失或逻辑有误样本,基于疾病诊断名称筛选出院诊断为糖尿病的患者(ICD-10编码:E10-E14),再依据纳入排除标准,筛选出糖尿病可避免住院患者45 667例。
以发生糖尿病可避免住院患者数量为分子,常住人口数为分母,计算糖尿病可避免住院率[8]。
其中,PAH(Potentially Avoidable Hospitalizations)为糖尿病可避免住院率(每万人口中的可避免住院数);adm.(admission)为发生糖尿病可避免住院的患者数量;pop.代表常住人口数。
数据清洗后,对连续变量进行分组转换。患者特征采用描述性统计,分类变量以频数和百分比表示,连续变量首先进行正态性检验,符合正态分布者采用描述,不符合者采用中位数(四分位间距)描述。以是否发生可避免住院为因变量,分类变量用卡方检验、连续变量用t检验做单因素分析,本研究统一检验水准α=0.05,将P<0.05变量纳入多因素logistic回归,通过OR值及95%CI识别独立影响因素。
本研究纳入112 818例糖尿病患者,男性53.1%,女性46.9%。35~64岁占63.8%,北疆患者占64.7%。支付方式以城镇职工医保(44.5%)、城乡居民医保(36.9%)为主,就医机构以市(37.5%)、县(33.6%)、省级医院(26.5%)为主。45 667例发生可避免住院,占比40.5%。
2021~2023年,总费用从13 734.33万元降至7 656.27万元,次均费用从9 351.35元降至4 071.83元;但可避免住院率有所波动,从10.80/万降至8.95/万,2023年又回升至13.69/万(图1)。
结果显示,所有因素均为显著影响因素(P<0.001):性别、次均医疗费用、就医机构等级及每万人床位数为危险因素(OR>1);年龄、地区人均GDP、每万人卫生技术人员数、就医地区、支付方式及每万人卫生机构数为保护因素(OR<1)(表1)。
结果显示,性别、年龄、地区、GDP水平、支付方式、医疗机构等级及医疗资源分布均影响显著(P均<0.05)。男性发生可避免住院风险高于女性(OR=1.101);35~64岁组风险低于≥65岁组(OR=0.893),35岁以下无统计学意义。北疆风险最高,东疆最低;人均GDP低者风险更低(OR=0.832)。贫困救助患者风险最高(OR=2.090);市级医院就诊者风险高于县级(OR=5.531),省、区级医院风险较低;床位数和卫生机构数为低水平的地区风险高(表3),具体赋值见表2。
2021~2023年,糖尿病可避免住院总费用与次均费用显著下降,反映了管理和基层保健的改善[9]。但住院率呈先降后升的趋势:前期下降可能与慢性病防治及医联体建设等政策强化基层干预有关;后期回升或与疫情影响,导致随访中断、用药依从性下降,积压的就医需求在医疗恢复后集中释放有关[10]。
单因素分析显示,所有纳入变量均与糖尿病可避免住院显著相关(P<0.001);多因素分析控制混杂因素后,性别、年龄、地区GDP水平、支付方式等因素仍有独立影响。男性可避免住院风险高于女性(OR=1.101),可能与其健康管理行为不积极有关[11],提示基层应加强对男性糖尿病患者的关注。年龄方面,与≥65岁组相比,35~65岁组风险更低,<35岁组差异无统计学意义,与已有研究结果一致[8,12]。地区上,东疆风险最低,可能与其经济水平较高、医疗资源可及性好有关,有利于患者及时处理健康问题[13],也反映出当地在糖尿病宣教、社区管理或饮食结构等方面的潜在优势。
经济水平和医疗保障方面,人均GDP较高的地区可避免住院风险也相对较高,与陈婷[14]研究结果一致。原因在于:高收入地区就医便利但门诊报销有限,易导致过度利用住院服务;同时饮食习惯与收入水平使肥胖、糖尿病等慢性病高发,相关住院率上升。郝爱华等[15]亦指出,人均GDP与糖尿病可避免住院呈正相关,高收入人群健康意识强、保险覆盖广,降低了住院经济门槛,但也可能引发不合理住院需求。后续应加强家庭医生服务,对低收入人群注重预防保健,对高收入人群优化门诊服务与健康教育,平衡防止过度利用与保障基本需求。医保参保方面,参加城镇职工医保、城乡居民医保及其他类型医保的患者,其可避免住院风险均低于自费群体,与Ko Ko Maung研究一致[16],体现医保在降低经济障碍、促进合理就医中的关键作用[17],说明参保情况是重要影响因素[18]。其中,贫困救助对象的糖尿病可避免住院风险最高(OR=2.090),可能因其基层慢病管理薄弱、救助政策对间接成本补偿不足,加之健康素养低、治疗依从性差,导致糖尿病控制不佳[19]。建议后续建立多部门联动的精准帮扶机制,配套交通、误工等补贴以降低间接负担,提升基层慢病管理能力;同时优化救助政策衔接,利用新疆“一单式”即时结算及和田等地门诊慢特病高比例救助政策[20],简化报销流程,结合健康素养干预与家庭医生签约,提高治疗依从性,降低可避免住院风险。
医疗机构等级方面,市级医院就诊患者的可避免住院风险最高(OR=5.531),可能与基层预防管理薄弱、医院流程效率不足及分级诊疗能力错位有关。2026年实践探索指出,基层“接不住、管不好”加剧资源拥挤,约30%的患者因并发症干预不及时而住院[21]。省级、区级医院风险较低,表明需明确各级医院功能定位以优化资源配置[22]。卫生资源分布上,每万人床位数和卫生机构数较低的地区,糖尿病可避免住院风险较高,反映资源不足导致慢病管理存在缺口。资源处于中间水平的地区,因其能处理轻症且转诊机制完善,更不容易发生可避免住院。值得注意的是,每万人卫生技术人员数较低反而呈现保护效应,与赵小双等[7]研究一致,提示此类地区可能存在有效转诊机制或外部资源介入,部分弥补基层服务不足,但不应据此否定增加基层卫生技术人员配置的必要性。综上,应加大对基层医疗卫生机构的投入,一方面完善全科医生激励制度,稳定人才队伍[23];另一方面多途径提升基层卫生人员的糖尿病管理能力。
新疆糖尿病可避免住院受人口学特征、地区经济、医保政策及医疗资源等因素影响。未来政策应聚焦引导患者合理选择医疗机构等级、均衡医疗资源布局、加强按年龄与支付方式的精准化管理,优化资源配置以降低可避免住院发生率[24]。
本研究的局限性在于未纳入收入、教育水平等社会经济特征,可能忽略健康意识、生活习惯等个体因素。后续拟将卫生费用核算数据与全国性家庭健康调查等数据库链接,获取更丰富个体信息,深入剖析相关影响因素。

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2026年第53卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510318
  • 接收时间:2025-10-27
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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    1.石河子大学公共卫生学院,新疆 石河子 832003
    2.新发传染病防控与公共卫生安全兵团重点实验室
    3.石河子大学第一附属医院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
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species
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Percentage of
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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