Article(id=1311350001465393899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507443, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753718400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579804054, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579804054, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579804054, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579804054, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311349919793905738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2304', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579784582, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588408144, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311386089701597565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311386089701597566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2291, endPage=2298, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350001645748972, articleId=1311350001465393899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Association between baseline atherogenic index of plasma and risk of incident metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in non-obese individuals: a large-scale cohort study, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the association between baseline atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and incident metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) risk in non-obese individuals.

Methods

This cohort study enrolled 62 868 participants who underwent health examinations in 2006—2007. Participants were stratified into quartiles(Q1-Q4)based on AIP values. Multivariable Cox regression calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95%CIs for MAFLD risk across quartiles.

Results

During a mean follow-up of 14.34±5.03 years, there were 25 848 cases of new MAFLD. There were 4 892, 5 758, 6 736 and 8 462 cases in group Q1-Q4, respectively, and the incidence density was 25.23/1 000, 31.15/1 000, 38.77/1 000 and 55.04/1 000 years, respectively. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, compared with Q1, the HR(95%CI)for new-onset MAFLD in Q2-Q4 was 1.16(1.12-1.21), 1.37(1.32-1.43)and 1.80(1.73-1.87) (all P values<0.001).

Conclusion

Elevated baseline AIP is an independent risk factor for incident MAFLD in non-obese individuals.

, authors=Ya-nan ZHAO1, Xin-yu WU2, Zi-xin ZHANG2, Quan-le HAN2, Jing YANG2, Bo-heng ZHANG2, Xu-yang LI2, Yun ZHANG3, Shou-ling WU4, Kang-bo LI5, authorsList=Ya-nan ZHAO, Xin-yu WU, Zi-xin ZHANG, Quan-le HAN, Jing YANG, Bo-heng ZHANG, Xu-yang LI, Yun ZHANG, Shou-ling WU, Kang-bo LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Quan-le HAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350007123510039, articleId=1311350001465393899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=非肥胖人群基线血浆致动脉硬化指数与代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病发病风险的关联, columnId=1228016570119680182, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=临床与预防, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨基线血浆致动脉硬化指数(atherogenic index of plasma,AIP)水平与非肥胖人群代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病(metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease,MAFLD)发病风险的关联。

方法

采用队列研究方法,以2006—2007年度健康体检者62 868例为观察队列。根据计算AIP值按四分位数分为4组(Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4组),采用多因素Cox回归分析四组中新发MAFLD发生风险的HR和95%CI。

结果

随访(14.34±5.03)年,新发MAFLD 25 848例,AIP Q1组-Q4组分别发生4 892例、5 758例、6 736例和8 462例,发病密度依次为25.23/人千年、31.15/人千年、38.77/人千年和55.04/人千年。多因素Cox回归模型显示:与Q1组比较,Q2-Q4组发生MAFLD的HR(95%CI)分别为1.16(1.12~1.21)、1.37(1.32~1.43)和1.80(1.73~1.87)(P均<0.001)。

结论

基线AIP高水平是非肥胖人群罹患MAFLD独立危险因素。

, authors=赵亚男1, 吴欣雨2, 张梓鑫2, 韩全乐2, 杨静2, 张伯亨2, 李旭阳2, 张云3, 吴寿岭4, 李康博5, authorsList=赵亚男, 吴欣雨, 张梓鑫, 韩全乐, 杨静, 张伯亨, 李旭阳, 张云, 吴寿岭, 李康博, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=韩全乐, authorNote=

赵亚男(1983—),女,硕士,主管护师,研究方向:心血管代谢性疾病临床护理。

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韩全乐,E-mail:
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Baseline characteristics of individuals according to AIP level groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总人群(n=62 868)AIP四分位组
Q1组(n=15 717)Q2组(n=15 716)
AIP-0.26±0.63-1.00±0.27-0.49±0.11
年龄(岁,)51.49±13.1551.37±13.7651.45±13.39
BMI(kg/m2,)23.35±2.4622.49±2.5023.18±2.42
腰围(cm,)83.65±9.0681.09±9.3482.94±8.88
SBP(mm Hg,)127.56±20.34124.61±20.28126.98±20.29
DBP(mm Hg,)81.34±11.2179.31±10.9880.93±11.03
ALT(U/L,)18.87±18.6217.67±20.7818.50±18.20
FBG(mmol/L,)5.27±1.455.09±1.255.23±1.31
TG [mmol/L,M(P25,P75)]a1.11(0.79,1.58)0.65(0.54,0.78)0.97(0.83,1.11)
TC(mmol/L,)4.87±1.104.79±0.944.89±0.98
HDL-C(mmol/L,)1.56±0.401.80±0.441.60±0.35
LDL-C(mmol/L,)2.32±0.912.15±0.932.36±0.86
hs-CRP [mg/L,M(P25,P75)]a0.68(0.25,1.90)0.58(0.20,1.87)0.64(0.23,1.80)
男性[n(%)]49 585(78.87)11 443(72.81)12 273(78.09)
高中及以上教育程度[n(%)]12 943(20.59)3 795(24.15)3 057(19.45)
月人均收入≥1 000元[n(%)]8 728(13.88)2 426(15.44)2 037(12.96)
体育锻炼[n(%)]57 261(91.08)14 424(91.77)14 420(91.75)
吸烟史[n(%)]21 763(34.62)5 127(32.62)5 085(32.36)
饮酒史[n(%)]23 122(36.78)5 936(37.77)5 298(33.71)
糖尿病史[n(%)]4 074(6.48)693(4.41)871(5.54)
高血压病史[n(%)]22 823(36.30)4 628(29.45)5 455(34.71)
血脂异常[n(%)]32 741(52.08)5 270(33.53)5 949(37.85)
服降糖药[n(%)]871(1.39)158(1.01)188(1.20)
服降压药[n(%)]3 974(6.32)701(4.46)866(5.51)
服降脂药[n(%)]3 497(5.56)605(3.85)751(4.78)
项目AIP四分位组Wald χ2值P值
Q3组(n=15 718)Q4组(n=15 717)
AIP-0.12±0.120.57±0.421 869.85<0.001
年龄(岁,)51.66±13.0551.48±12.331 357.86<0.001
BMI(kg/m2,)23.64±2.3624.09±2.295 718.10<0.001
腰围(cm,)84.38±8.8286.17±8.412 422.75<0.001
SBP(mm Hg,)128.45±20.19130.22±20.1835.65<0.001
DBP(mm Hg,)81.92±11.2183.19±11.27333.62<0.001
ALT(U/L,)18.82±16.7220.49±18.44538.76<0.001
FBG(mmol/L,)5.31±1.465.46±1.7248.70<0.001
TG [mmol/L,M(P25,P75)]a1.27(1.10,1.48)2.15(1.69,3.05)2 026.53<0.001
TC(mmol/L,)4.96±1.024.84±1.39206.67<0.001
HDL-C(mmol/L,)1.47±0.321.37±0.3581.06<0.001
LDL-C(mmol/L,)2.41±0.872.35±0.941.12<0.001
hs-CRP [mg/L,M(P25,P75)]a0.70(0.27,1.89)0.80(0.30,2.04)172.60<0.001
男性[n(%)]12 587(80.08)13 282(84.51)0.26<0.001
高中及以上教育程度[n(%)]2 997(19.07)3 094(19.69)19.90<0.001
月人均收入≥1 000元[n(%)]2 000(12.72)2 265(14.41)0.10<0.001
体育锻炼[n(%)]14 277(90.83)14 140(89.97)3.39<0.001
吸烟史[n(%)]5 313(33.80)6 238(39.69)78.85<0.001
饮酒史[n(%)]5 505(35.02)6 383(40.61)202.45<0.001
糖尿病史[n(%)]1 066(6.78)1 444(9.19)3.52<0.001
高血压病史[n(%)]6 098(38.80)6 642(42.26)17.67<0.001
血脂异常[n(%)]7 483(47.61)14 039(89.32)614.35<0.001
服降糖药[n(%)]222(1.41)303(1.93)236.76<0.001
服降压药[n(%)]1 039(6.61)1 368(8.70)213.92<0.001
服降脂药[n(%)]922(5.87)1 219(7.76)232.57<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350014761337692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001465393899, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同AIP水平分组的基线资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总人群(n=62 868)AIP四分位组
Q1组(n=15 717)Q2组(n=15 716)
AIP-0.26±0.63-1.00±0.27-0.49±0.11
年龄(岁,)51.49±13.1551.37±13.7651.45±13.39
BMI(kg/m2,)23.35±2.4622.49±2.5023.18±2.42
腰围(cm,)83.65±9.0681.09±9.3482.94±8.88
SBP(mm Hg,)127.56±20.34124.61±20.28126.98±20.29
DBP(mm Hg,)81.34±11.2179.31±10.9880.93±11.03
ALT(U/L,)18.87±18.6217.67±20.7818.50±18.20
FBG(mmol/L,)5.27±1.455.09±1.255.23±1.31
TG [mmol/L,M(P25,P75)]a1.11(0.79,1.58)0.65(0.54,0.78)0.97(0.83,1.11)
TC(mmol/L,)4.87±1.104.79±0.944.89±0.98
HDL-C(mmol/L,)1.56±0.401.80±0.441.60±0.35
LDL-C(mmol/L,)2.32±0.912.15±0.932.36±0.86
hs-CRP [mg/L,M(P25,P75)]a0.68(0.25,1.90)0.58(0.20,1.87)0.64(0.23,1.80)
男性[n(%)]49 585(78.87)11 443(72.81)12 273(78.09)
高中及以上教育程度[n(%)]12 943(20.59)3 795(24.15)3 057(19.45)
月人均收入≥1 000元[n(%)]8 728(13.88)2 426(15.44)2 037(12.96)
体育锻炼[n(%)]57 261(91.08)14 424(91.77)14 420(91.75)
吸烟史[n(%)]21 763(34.62)5 127(32.62)5 085(32.36)
饮酒史[n(%)]23 122(36.78)5 936(37.77)5 298(33.71)
糖尿病史[n(%)]4 074(6.48)693(4.41)871(5.54)
高血压病史[n(%)]22 823(36.30)4 628(29.45)5 455(34.71)
血脂异常[n(%)]32 741(52.08)5 270(33.53)5 949(37.85)
服降糖药[n(%)]871(1.39)158(1.01)188(1.20)
服降压药[n(%)]3 974(6.32)701(4.46)866(5.51)
服降脂药[n(%)]3 497(5.56)605(3.85)751(4.78)
项目AIP四分位组Wald χ2值P值
Q3组(n=15 718)Q4组(n=15 717)
AIP-0.12±0.120.57±0.421 869.85<0.001
年龄(岁,)51.66±13.0551.48±12.331 357.86<0.001
BMI(kg/m2,)23.64±2.3624.09±2.295 718.10<0.001
腰围(cm,)84.38±8.8286.17±8.412 422.75<0.001
SBP(mm Hg,)128.45±20.19130.22±20.1835.65<0.001
DBP(mm Hg,)81.92±11.2183.19±11.27333.62<0.001
ALT(U/L,)18.82±16.7220.49±18.44538.76<0.001
FBG(mmol/L,)5.31±1.465.46±1.7248.70<0.001
TG [mmol/L,M(P25,P75)]a1.27(1.10,1.48)2.15(1.69,3.05)2 026.53<0.001
TC(mmol/L,)4.96±1.024.84±1.39206.67<0.001
HDL-C(mmol/L,)1.47±0.321.37±0.3581.06<0.001
LDL-C(mmol/L,)2.41±0.872.35±0.941.12<0.001
hs-CRP [mg/L,M(P25,P75)]a0.70(0.27,1.89)0.80(0.30,2.04)172.60<0.001
男性[n(%)]12 587(80.08)13 282(84.51)0.26<0.001
高中及以上教育程度[n(%)]2 997(19.07)3 094(19.69)19.90<0.001
月人均收入≥1 000元[n(%)]2 000(12.72)2 265(14.41)0.10<0.001
体育锻炼[n(%)]14 277(90.83)14 140(89.97)3.39<0.001
吸烟史[n(%)]5 313(33.80)6 238(39.69)78.85<0.001
饮酒史[n(%)]5 505(35.02)6 383(40.61)202.45<0.001
糖尿病史[n(%)]1 066(6.78)1 444(9.19)3.52<0.001
高血压病史[n(%)]6 098(38.80)6 642(42.26)17.67<0.001
血脂异常[n(%)]7 483(47.61)14 039(89.32)614.35<0.001
服降糖药[n(%)]222(1.41)303(1.93)236.76<0.001
服降压药[n(%)]1 039(6.61)1 368(8.70)213.92<0.001
服降脂药[n(%)]922(5.87)1 219(7.76)232.57<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350014933304157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001465393899, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

New-onset MAFLD in the four groups of subjects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AIP四分位组例数发病人数发病密度(/人千年,95%CI)
Q1组15 7174 89225.23(24.53~25.94)
Q2组15 7165 75831.15(30.36~31.97)
Q3组15 7186 73638.77(37.86~39.71)
Q4组15 7178 46255.04(53.88~56.23)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350015038161758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001465393899, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

4组研究对象新发MAFLD情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AIP四分位组例数发病人数发病密度(/人千年,95%CI)
Q1组15 7174 89225.23(24.53~25.94)
Q2组15 7165 75831.15(30.36~31.97)
Q3组15 7186 73638.77(37.86~39.71)
Q4组15 7178 46255.04(53.88~56.23)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350015226905439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001465393899, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of the association of baseline AIP levels with MAFLD using Cox regression model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量βSEWald χ2值P值HR值(95%CI)
模型1(以Q1组为对照)
Q2组0.210.02116.17<0.0011.23(1.19~1.28)
Q3组0.430.02523.38<0.0011.54(1.48~1.60)
Q4组0.770.021 823.98<0.0012.17(2.09~2.25)
模型2(以Q1组为对照)
Q2组0.150.0257.71<0.0011.16(1.12~1.21)
Q3组0.320.02287.67<0.0011.38(1.33~1.43)
Q4组0.620.021 134.82<0.0011.86(1.79~1.93)
模型3(以Q1组为对照)
Q2组0.150.0259.28<0.0011.16(1.12~1.21)
Q3组0.320.02277.05<0.0011.37(1.32~1.43)
Q4组0.580.02840.62<0.0011.80(1.73~1.87)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350015319180128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001465393899, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同AIP水平分组发生MAFLD影响因素的多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量βSEWald χ2值P值HR值(95%CI)
模型1(以Q1组为对照)
Q2组0.210.02116.17<0.0011.23(1.19~1.28)
Q3组0.430.02523.38<0.0011.54(1.48~1.60)
Q4组0.770.021 823.98<0.0012.17(2.09~2.25)
模型2(以Q1组为对照)
Q2组0.150.0257.71<0.0011.16(1.12~1.21)
Q3组0.320.02287.67<0.0011.38(1.33~1.43)
Q4组0.620.021 134.82<0.0011.86(1.79~1.93)
模型3(以Q1组为对照)
Q2组0.150.0259.28<0.0011.16(1.12~1.21)
Q3组0.320.02277.05<0.0011.37(1.32~1.43)
Q4组0.580.02840.62<0.0011.80(1.73~1.87)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350015424037729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001465393899, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Sensitivity analysis of cumAIP exposure level and cumulative exposure time on the risk of new-onset MAFLD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量βSEWald χ2值P值HR值(95%CI)
敏感性分析1(以Q1组为对照)
Q2组0.150.0248.21<0.0011.16(1.11~1.21)
Q3组0.300.02210.32<0.0011.35(1.29~1.40)
Q4组0.570.02673.77<0.0011.77(1.69~1.84)
敏感性分析2(以Q1组为对照)
Q2组0.160.0258.54<0.0011.17(1.12~1.22)
Q3组0.320.02253.24<0.0011.38(1.32~1.43)
Q4组0.600.02790.23<0.0011.82(1.74~1.90)
敏感性分析3(以Q1组为对照)
Q2组0.150.0250.55<0.0011.16(1.11~1.21)
Q3组0.310.02233.14<0.0011.36(1.31~1.42)
Q4组0.580.02717.48<0.0011.78(1.71~1.86)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350015633752930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001465393899, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同AIP水平对新发MAFLD风险影响的敏感性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量βSEWald χ2值P值HR值(95%CI)
敏感性分析1(以Q1组为对照)
Q2组0.150.0248.21<0.0011.16(1.11~1.21)
Q3组0.300.02210.32<0.0011.35(1.29~1.40)
Q4组0.570.02673.77<0.0011.77(1.69~1.84)
敏感性分析2(以Q1组为对照)
Q2组0.160.0258.54<0.0011.17(1.12~1.22)
Q3组0.320.02253.24<0.0011.38(1.32~1.43)
Q4组0.600.02790.23<0.0011.82(1.74~1.90)
敏感性分析3(以Q1组为对照)
Q2组0.150.0250.55<0.0011.16(1.11~1.21)
Q3组0.310.02233.14<0.0011.36(1.31~1.42)
Q4组0.580.02717.48<0.0011.78(1.71~1.86)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350015717639011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001465393899, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Multifactorial Cox regression analysis of AIP level and risk of new-onset MAFLD (sex-, age- and BMI-stratified analysis)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组发病人数/例数AIP四分位组HR(95%CI)P值P for interaction
性别<0.001
男性(n=49 585)3 591/11 443Q1组1.00-
4 426/12 273Q2组1.04(0.99~1.08)0.105
5 290/12 587Q3组1.15(1.10~1.20)<0.001
7 054/13 282Q4组1.41(1.35~1.48)<0.001
女性(n=13 283)1 301/4 274Q1组1.00-
1 332/3 443Q2组1.12(1.04~1.21)0.003
1 446/3 131Q3组1.28(1.19~1.38)<0.001
1 408/2 435Q4组1.65(1.51~1.79)<0.001
年龄(岁)<0.001
<50(n=27 556)2 396/7 011Q1组1.00-
2 947/6 896Q2组1.14(1.08~1.20)<0.001
3 461/6 805Q3组1.29(1.22~1.36)<0.001
4 301/6 844Q4组1.54(1.45~1.63)<0.001
≥50(n=35 312)2 496/8 706Q1组1.00-
2 811/8 820Q2组1.02(0.97~1.08)0.415
3 275/8 913Q3组1.13(1.07~1.19)<0.001
4 161/8 873Q4组1.45(1.37~1.53)<0.001
BMI(kg/m2)<0.001
<22.27(n=20 931)1 344/7 438Q1组1.00-
1 203/5 568Q2组1.16(1.08~1.26)<0.001
1 145/4 534Q3组1.35(1.25~1.46)<0.001
1 188/3 391Q4组1.94(1.77~2.12)<0.001
22.27~<24.61(n=21 124)1 797/4 972Q1组1.00-
2 117/5 492Q2组1.05(1.00~1.13)0.055
2 321/5 383Q3组1.23(1.16~1.31)<0.001
2 751/5 277Q4组1.60(1.49~1.70)<0.001
≥24.61(n=20 813)1 751/3 307Q1组1.00-
2 438/4 656Q2组1.00(0.94~1.07)0.889
3 270/5 801Q3组1.11(1.05~1.18)<0.001
4 523/7 049Q4组1.31(1.24~1.40)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350015805719396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001465393899, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

AIP水平与新发MAFLD风险的多因素Cox回归分析(性别、年龄及BMI分层分析)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组发病人数/例数AIP四分位组HR(95%CI)P值P for interaction
性别<0.001
男性(n=49 585)3 591/11 443Q1组1.00-
4 426/12 273Q2组1.04(0.99~1.08)0.105
5 290/12 587Q3组1.15(1.10~1.20)<0.001
7 054/13 282Q4组1.41(1.35~1.48)<0.001
女性(n=13 283)1 301/4 274Q1组1.00-
1 332/3 443Q2组1.12(1.04~1.21)0.003
1 446/3 131Q3组1.28(1.19~1.38)<0.001
1 408/2 435Q4组1.65(1.51~1.79)<0.001
年龄(岁)<0.001
<50(n=27 556)2 396/7 011Q1组1.00-
2 947/6 896Q2组1.14(1.08~1.20)<0.001
3 461/6 805Q3组1.29(1.22~1.36)<0.001
4 301/6 844Q4组1.54(1.45~1.63)<0.001
≥50(n=35 312)2 496/8 706Q1组1.00-
2 811/8 820Q2组1.02(0.97~1.08)0.415
3 275/8 913Q3组1.13(1.07~1.19)<0.001
4 161/8 873Q4组1.45(1.37~1.53)<0.001
BMI(kg/m2)<0.001
<22.27(n=20 931)1 344/7 438Q1组1.00-
1 203/5 568Q2组1.16(1.08~1.26)<0.001
1 145/4 534Q3组1.35(1.25~1.46)<0.001
1 188/3 391Q4组1.94(1.77~2.12)<0.001
22.27~<24.61(n=21 124)1 797/4 972Q1组1.00-
2 117/5 492Q2组1.05(1.00~1.13)0.055
2 321/5 383Q3组1.23(1.16~1.31)<0.001
2 751/5 277Q4组1.60(1.49~1.70)<0.001
≥24.61(n=20 813)1 751/3 307Q1组1.00-
2 438/4 656Q2组1.00(0.94~1.07)0.889
3 270/5 801Q3组1.11(1.05~1.18)<0.001
4 523/7 049Q4组1.31(1.24~1.40)<0.001
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非肥胖人群基线血浆致动脉硬化指数与代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病发病风险的关联
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赵亚男 1 , 吴欣雨 2 , 张梓鑫 2 , 韩全乐 2 , 杨静 2 , 张伯亨 2 , 李旭阳 2 , 张云 3 , 吴寿岭 4 , 李康博 5
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2026,53(12): 2291-2298
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现代预防医学 |临床与预防 2026 , 53 (12) : 2291 -2298
非肥胖人群基线血浆致动脉硬化指数与代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病发病风险的关联
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赵亚男1, 吴欣雨2, 张梓鑫2, 韩全乐2 , 杨静2, 张伯亨2, 李旭阳2, 张云3, 吴寿岭4, 李康博5
作者信息
  • 1.唐山市工人医院导管室,河北 唐山 063000
  • 2.唐山市工人医院心内科
  • 3.唐山市工人医院老年病科
  • 4.开滦总医院心内科
  • 5.华北理工大学临床医学院
通讯作者:
韩全乐,E-mail:
作者简介:

赵亚男(1983—),女,硕士,主管护师,研究方向:心血管代谢性疾病临床护理。

Association between baseline atherogenic index of plasma and risk of incident metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in non-obese individuals: a large-scale cohort study
Ya-nan ZHAO1, Xin-yu WU2, Zi-xin ZHANG2, Quan-le HAN2 , Jing YANG2, Bo-heng ZHANG2, Xu-yang LI2, Yun ZHANG3, Shou-ling WU4, Kang-bo LI5
Affiliations
  • Department of Catheter Room, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507443
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目的

探讨基线血浆致动脉硬化指数(atherogenic index of plasma,AIP)水平与非肥胖人群代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病(metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease,MAFLD)发病风险的关联。

方法

采用队列研究方法,以2006—2007年度健康体检者62 868例为观察队列。根据计算AIP值按四分位数分为4组(Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4组),采用多因素Cox回归分析四组中新发MAFLD发生风险的HR和95%CI。

结果

随访(14.34±5.03)年,新发MAFLD 25 848例,AIP Q1组-Q4组分别发生4 892例、5 758例、6 736例和8 462例,发病密度依次为25.23/人千年、31.15/人千年、38.77/人千年和55.04/人千年。多因素Cox回归模型显示:与Q1组比较,Q2-Q4组发生MAFLD的HR(95%CI)分别为1.16(1.12~1.21)、1.37(1.32~1.43)和1.80(1.73~1.87)(P均<0.001)。

结论

基线AIP高水平是非肥胖人群罹患MAFLD独立危险因素。

血浆致动脉硬化指数  /  代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病  /  非肥胖人群
Objective

To investigate the association between baseline atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and incident metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) risk in non-obese individuals.

Methods

This cohort study enrolled 62 868 participants who underwent health examinations in 2006—2007. Participants were stratified into quartiles(Q1-Q4)based on AIP values. Multivariable Cox regression calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95%CIs for MAFLD risk across quartiles.

Results

During a mean follow-up of 14.34±5.03 years, there were 25 848 cases of new MAFLD. There were 4 892, 5 758, 6 736 and 8 462 cases in group Q1-Q4, respectively, and the incidence density was 25.23/1 000, 31.15/1 000, 38.77/1 000 and 55.04/1 000 years, respectively. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, compared with Q1, the HR(95%CI)for new-onset MAFLD in Q2-Q4 was 1.16(1.12-1.21), 1.37(1.32-1.43)and 1.80(1.73-1.87) (all P values<0.001).

Conclusion

Elevated baseline AIP is an independent risk factor for incident MAFLD in non-obese individuals.

Atherogenic index of plasma  /  Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease  /  Non-obese population
赵亚男, 吴欣雨, 张梓鑫, 韩全乐, 杨静, 张伯亨, 李旭阳, 张云, 吴寿岭, 李康博. 非肥胖人群基线血浆致动脉硬化指数与代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病发病风险的关联. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (12) : 2291 -2298 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507443
Ya-nan ZHAO, Xin-yu WU, Zi-xin ZHANG, Quan-le HAN, Jing YANG, Bo-heng ZHANG, Xu-yang LI, Yun ZHANG, Shou-ling WU, Kang-bo LI. Association between baseline atherogenic index of plasma and risk of incident metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in non-obese individuals: a large-scale cohort study[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (12) : 2291 -2298 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507443
非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)为慢性肝脏疾病的主要构成原因[1],亚洲人群可高达40%余[2],即使非肥胖人群在不同国家和地区罹患NAFLD的比例亦高达10%-30%[3-4],我国约为17.5%[5]。基于对NAFLD发病机制的进一步研究,肝病专家用代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病(metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease,MAFLD)诊断替代NAFLD。与NAFLD相比,患者被诊断为MAFLD的几率更高,可增加其被早期临床识别及干预的可能性。且MAFLD发病风险与血脂异常、糖尿病以及高血压显著相关[6],使其防控更有针对性;同时MAFLD增加肝脏疾患、心肾疾病和死亡的发病风险,严重危害人群健康[6-12],及早识别并控制MAFLD的危险因素可改善其预后。
血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(atherogenic index of plasma,AIP)作为肝脏脂肪蓄积的生物标志物与NAFLD发病风险呈正相关关系[13-15],且此相关性同样适用于非肥胖人群,分析其原因可能为AIP(TG/HDL-C的对数值)可反映人体脂质代谢水平和胰岛素抵抗的严重程度[16-17],而糖脂代谢紊乱与NAFLD发病风险是明确相关的[13-17]。但AIP水平对于非肥胖人群发生MAFLD的发病风险是否亦存在关联目前尚不清楚,为了更好地降低该人群MAFLD罹患风险。本研究旨在利用开滦研究队列,明确AIP是否可以预测非肥胖人群MAFLD的发生风险,为该人群MAFLD的临床风险筛查与早期干预提供更科学、更有针对性的数据支持。
本研究选取2006—2007年开滦研究队列首次体检者为研究对象。纳入标准:(1)同意参加本研究,且能完成问卷调查;(2)BMI< 28.0 kg/m2者;排除标准:(1)罹患MAFLD、恶性肿瘤病史者;(2)TG及HDL-C资料缺失者;本研究经由开滦医疗集团伦理委员会审批(批号:2006医伦字5号),所纳入患者均签署知情同意书。
流行病学调查内容、人体测量学指标、相关生化指标检测见本课题组已发表的文献[18]。
MAFLD的诊断依据《代谢功能障碍相关性脂肪肝的新定义:国际专家共识声明》[7],具体标准如下:首先需通过空腹腹部彩超证实肝脏脂肪变性[19],同时至少满足以下一项条件:(1)2型糖尿病;(2)代谢异常:至少符合以下两种代谢异常:①腰围超标:男性 ≥ 90 cm,女性≥80 cm;②血压升高:收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)≥130 mm Hg或舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)≥85 mm Hg,或正在接受降压药物治疗;③TG升高:空腹TG≥1.7 mmol/L,或正在接受降脂治疗;④HDL-C降低:男性<1.0 mmol/L,女性<1.3 mmol/L,或正在接受相关治疗;⑤糖尿病前期状态:空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)为5.6~6.9 mmol/L,或糖化血红蛋白为5.7%~6.4%;⑥胰岛素抵抗:胰岛素抵抗评分≥ 2.5;⑦炎症标志物升高:高敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity c-reactive protein,hs-CRP)>2 mg/L。
AIP由TG/HDL-C比值的对数值计算所得[16],糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常的诊断标准见参考文献[20-22],吸烟史、饮酒史、体育锻炼、收入水平、教育程度等定义见参考文献[18]。
以观察对象完成健康体检时间为随访起点,以新发MAFLD事件、死亡或至随访结束(2021年12月31日)为随访终点。
按基线AIP四分位数分为Q1-Q4组:AIP≤-0.68,-0.68<AIP≤-0.31,-0.31<AIP<0.10,AIP≥0.10。
采用SAS 9.4统计软件进行分析。正态分布的计量资料以表示,非正态分布的计量资料以M(P25,P75)表示,分类变量以频数(百分比)表示。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算AIP四分位组人群的累积发病率,并采用Log-rank检验比较各AIP组新发MAFLD发生率的差异。采用多变量Cox比例风险回归模型分析AIP四分位分组对MAFLD事件的影响,计算风险比(hazard ratio,HR)及95%可信区间(confidence interval,95%CI);分别排除了随访2年内发生MAFLD的参与者、基线服用降压药、降糖药、降脂药的参与者及随访期间发生ASCVD事件的参与者后重复Cox比例风险回归模型进行敏感性分析。另外,将研究对象分为<50岁、≥50岁,性别分为男性和女性两组,BMI三分位组分为BMI<22.27 kg/m2、22.27 kg/m2≤BMI<24.61 kg/m2、BMI≥24.61 kg/m2进行亚组分析。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
共纳入研究的62 868例中,男性49 585例(78.87%),平均年龄(51.49±13.15)岁。随着AIP四分位数组升高(Q1-Q4),BMI、腰围、SBP、DBP、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、FBG、TG、hs-CRP水平,以及男性、有糖尿病史、高血压病史、血脂异常和服用降压药、服用降糖药和服用降脂药者的比例逐渐增大,且组间差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。见表1。
中位随访时间14.34±5.03年。随访中新发MAFLD 25 848例,其中AIP Q1-Q4组分别为4 892例(31.13%), 5 758例(36.64%), 6 736例(42.86%),8 462例(53.84%),Q1-Q4组发病密度分别为25.23/人千年、31.15/人千年、38.77/人千年和55.04/人千年。见表2。
以非肥胖人群是否新发MAFLD(赋值:否=0,是=1)为因变量,以AIP四分位数分组(赋值:Q1组=1,Q2组=2,Q3组=3,Q4组=4)为自变量,建立Cox比例风险回归模型。模型1结果显示:与Q1组相比,Q2-Q4组新发MAFLD的HR(95%CI)分别为1.23(1.19~1.28)、1.54(1.48~1.60)和2.17(2.09~2.25)。模型2结果显示:与Q1组相比,Q2-Q4组新发MAFLD的HR(95%CI)分别为1.16(1.12~1.21)、1.38(1.33~1.43)和1.86(1.79~1.93)。模型3结果显示:与Q1组相比,Q2-Q4组新发MAFLD的HR(95%CI)分别为1.16(1.12~1.21)、1.37(1.32~1.43)和1.80(1.73~1.87),见表3。
分别排除在第一个2年随访时发生新发MAFLD事件患者、基线服用降压药、降糖药及降脂药患者及排除随访期间死亡及发生恶性肿瘤事件患者后,敏感性分析结果与上述主要分析结果基本一致,见表4。
检验AIP分组与协变量的相乘交互作用,性别分层分析显示,男性人群(n=49 585)第4四分位组发生MAFLD的HR(95%CI)为1.41(1.35~1.48),而女性人群(n=13 283)为1.65(1.51~1.79)(表5,模型3)。年龄<50岁第4四分位组发生MAFLD的HR(95%CI)为1.54(1.45~1.63),年龄≥50岁第4四分位组发生MAFLD的HR(95%CI)为1.45(1.37~1.53)(表5,模型3)。
本研究结果显示,基线AIP高水平是非肥胖人群罹患MAFLD的危险因素,验证了AIP所映射的糖脂代谢异常的病理生理机制在MAFLD发病过程中的重要意义所在。与Li K[15]等研究得到了同样结果:AIP水平是非肥胖人群罹患NAFLD强的危险因素,特别是对于人群中的低BMI群体,但该研究为南方人群的横断面有关NAFLD的研究,而本研究为北方人群队列研究,随访时间长,以MAFLD为终点事件,涵盖疾病人群更广泛,对指导临床改善预后意义更大。AIP升高可反映出糖脂代谢的异常,其可更好地预测超重/肥胖、2型糖尿病及代谢性疾病[20-22]的发病风险,而此三者又是MAFLD诊断的必备条件[7]。本研究结论存在很强的临床实用性与普适性。
本研究证实了AIP可预测MAFLD发病风险同样适用于我国北方非肥胖人群,与Duan SJ等研究AIP结合腰围、BMI可很好的预测MAFLD发生风险得出一致结果,该研究为同为北方人群研究,虽为纳入人数较少的横断面研究,亚组分析非肥胖人群较全人群显现出二者明显的正相关关系[15],且研究以MRI作为诊断标准对模型进行了内部验证,进一步证实了AIP在MAFLD预测方面的卓越性能,同时也佐证了本研究的科学性。另一项来自于我国的南方人群有关NAFLD特点的研究得出:NAFLD在消瘦的中国成年人中并不罕见,代谢因素而非遗传因素可能在NAFLD的发展中起重要作用[5]。早在多年前Kwon YM等研究得出:NAFLD与代谢综合征成分的风险有关,非肥胖个体的关联比肥胖个体更强[23],腹部脂肪的成分与分布与NAFLD的直接关联可能比BMI更为密切[24-25]。且研究证实NAFLD是非肥胖亚洲成年人胰岛素抵抗(IR)的独立预测因素[26]。与NAFLD类似,肝脂肪变性也是MAFLD的关键特征之一,既往研究表明,单独的脂质参数在识别NAFLD时缺乏特异性,并且关于单个脂质在促进肝脏脂肪蓄积方面作用的证据仍存在争议[27-28]。所以AIP所反映的糖脂代谢异常对MAFLD发病风险的预测作用完全凸显出来。二者相关性具体机制为:AIP做为TG与HDL-C的比值能够更全面稳定地反映血脂代谢情况,其中TG是动脉粥样硬化的一个常见指标,而同时HDL-C被认为具有抗炎和抗动脉粥样硬化的作用,因此,AIP与MAFLD之间的强关联可能与其在体内动脉粥样硬化过程中共同参与有关[29],既往研究已证实AIP与IR之间存在密切关联[17,30],IR在肝脂肪变性中也发挥着重要作用,一方面IR会导致游离脂肪酸在肝组织中堆积并增加脂质合成[31],另一方面,还会导致脂联素可利用性降低,削弱其调节脂质代谢的能力,同时,脂联素可利用性的减少进一步加重身体的IR,形成恶性循环[29,32-33]。
为了更好地体现BMI在非肥胖人群中产生的影响,我们还进行了亚组分析,首先把超重人群列为一组,剩余“正常体重”人群根据BMI水平再次分组,目的是为了观察即使在“正常体重”人群中,随着BMI水平的增高,终点事件发生风险也会增加。说明一些危险因素指标即使在正常高值,随着累积暴露时间的延长,亦会增加终点事件的发生风险。类似于本团队的研究结果:即使正常高值水平的TG随着累积时间的增加,中青年人群急性心肌梗死(AMI)发病风险随着增加(多因素Cox回归分析显示,与TG最低三分位组相比,TG最高三分位组的发生AMI的风险显著增加(HR=1.59,P=0.01),但 TG第二三分位组的AMI发病风险并未增加(HR=1.28,P=0.18)。随访近48个月时,TG水平处于正常范围的TG第二、三分位组的AMI累积发病风险也开始增加)[34]。同样类似研究高血压前期、糖尿病前期增加终点事件的一些临床研究均得出了类似的结论[35-36]。对于血脂管理中的LDL-C更是提出了更低一点,更好一点的指南建议[37]。
对于不同性别、年龄的亚组分析我们发现:年龄<50岁人群的发病风险更高一些,更能说明,导致终点事件增加的是代谢异常等危险因素,而非年龄,所以我们要控制危险因素[38]。分析其社会原因,此类人群处于社会发展中坚力量,工作压力更大,无暇关注自身健康,同时因危险因素暴露时间较短,尚未意识到危险因素所带来的不良预后;至于女性的发病风险高于男性,分析其可能的原因为,本研究人群平均年龄(51.49±13.15)岁,多数女性已进入绝经期,研究发现,绝经期女性失去了雌激素的保护作用,面临一系列代谢性问题的出现(腹部脂肪堆积、高血压、高脂血症等),而上述危险因素均与MAFLD发病风险存在正相关关系[39]。
本研究结论提示,对于非肥胖人群MAFLD发病风险仍然存在。利用AIP预测非肥胖人群MAFLD发病风险可以实现对该疾病早期简便快捷的筛查与评估,以指导临床实施干预措施[6,40]。当AIP高于≥0.11,建议患者咨询临床医生进行相关危险因素的干预,包括:健康饮食与科学运动,必要时药物干预,降低TG、增高HDL-C水平。同时,我们要进行健康宣教,改善“生命八要素”,提升心血管健康评分[41],从而有效降低该人群MAFLD的发生风险。
本研究优势:本研究为率先对北方非肥胖人群AIP水平与MAFLD发病风险的队列研究,随访时间长,避免了该类人群因非病态表象容易被临床实践所忽视,对临床健康保健指导意义更大。不足之处:本研究非肥胖人群以BMI为唯一判定标准,如果结合腰围,或者联合腰高比、腰臀比来定义非肥胖人群,凸显腹部脂肪的分布。其次本研究未能纳入遗传背景和体力活动水平,这可能混淆了代谢指标与MAFLD之间的真实关联,并限制了结果对不同亚组的解释力。
  • 河北省医学课题重点研究计划项目(20231775)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507443
  • 接收时间:2025-07-29
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-29
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河北省医学课题重点研究计划项目(20231775)
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    1.唐山市工人医院导管室,河北 唐山 063000
    2.唐山市工人医院心内科
    3.唐山市工人医院老年病科
    4.开滦总医院心内科
    5.华北理工大学临床医学院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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