Article(id=1311349974227579644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512281, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1765900800000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579797559, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579797559, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579797559, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579797559, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311349919793905738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2304', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579784582, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588408144, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311386089701597565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311386089701597566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2126, endPage=2132, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311349974475043581, articleId=1311349974227579644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Association between memory decline and stroke onset among middle-aged and older adults, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the association between memory decline and the risk of incident stroke among middle-aged and older adults in China.

Methods

Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), individuals without stroke at baseline were enrolled and followed from 2013 to 2018 to monitor stroke occurrence. Baseline memory status was assessed via subjective memory evaluation, objective memory scores, and history of memory-related diseases.Multivariable Cox regression models were employed to evaluate the association between memory decline and stroke incidence.

Results

The study cohort comprised 14 886 participants.Over an average follow-up of 6.19 years, a total of 893 incident stroke events were recorded, with a 6-year cumulative incidence of 6.0%. After adjusting for demographics, lifestyle, and chronic comorbidities, poor subjective memory (HR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.03~1.39) and memory-related diseases (HR=2.59, 95%CI: 1.89~3.56) were significantly associated with an increased risk of stroke. Subgroup analyses indicated that these associations remained stable across different chronic disease strata (all P for interaction >0.05). No statistically significant association was observed between objective memory scores and stroke incidence.

Conclusion

Memory decline is associated with an increased risk of stroke in middle-aged and older adults. Monitoring the early memory status of this population may facilitate the identification of individuals at high risk for stroke.

, authors=Yan-hong ZHAO1, Xiao-hong JI2, Xin-yu ZHU3, Ya-min ZHANG4, An-na QI5, Hong-jing WANG6, Dong-zhi ZHANG6, authorsList=Yan-hong ZHAO, Xiao-hong JI, Xin-yu ZHU, Ya-min ZHANG, An-na QI, Hong-jing WANG, Dong-zhi ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Dong-zhi ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311349975636865796, articleId=1311349974227579644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=记忆减退与中老年人脑卒中发病的关联研究, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨记忆减退与中老年人脑卒中发病风险的关联。

方法

采用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,选取基线无脑卒中人群,利用2013—2018年随访数据监测脑卒中发生情况。通过主观记忆评价、客观记忆评分及记忆相关疾病史评估基线记忆状态。采用多因素Cox回归模型分析记忆减退与脑卒中发病风险的关联。

结果

研究队列包含14 886名参与者,平均随访6.19年,共记录893例脑卒中事件,6年累积发病率6.0%。调整人口学、生活方式及慢性病等混杂因素后,主观感知记忆较差(HR=1.20,95%CI:1.03~1.39)、患有记忆相关疾病(HR=2.59,95%CI:1.89~3.56)与较高的卒中风险显著相关,亚组分析显示,该关联在不同慢性病人群中保持稳定(交互P>0.05)。客观记忆评分降低与脑卒中发病之间未发现统计学关联。

结论

中老年人记忆减退与脑卒中发病风险增加存在相关性。关注中老年人早期记忆状态,有助于识别脑卒中高风险个体。

, authors=赵燕红1, 姬晓虹2, 朱新玉3, 张雅敏4, 漆安娜5, 汪宏晶6, 张冬志6, authorsList=赵燕红, 姬晓虹, 朱新玉, 张雅敏, 漆安娜, 汪宏晶, 张冬志, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张冬志, authorNote=

赵燕红(1989—),女,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:公共卫生

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张冬志,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=1mrOSWd0d2O35fo8kPD/Qw==, magXml=XI0XvurX+OnTLObcjQWWMw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=nKYw6qRTsUGNoS3n83OnRg==, pdfFileSize=959183, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=n0gpsZ7YEzVAkZRKp2G29Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=kjEAP0MQrHQkfQVKdGzJiA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1311349977931150099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1311349978023424789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, authorId=1311349977931150099, language=EN, stringName=Yan-hong ZHAO, firstName=Yan-hong, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital Stroke High-Risk Homo Sapiens Group Screening and Intervention Base, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311349978086339350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, authorId=1311349977931150099, language=CN, stringName=赵燕红, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.甘肃省人民医院脑卒中高危人群筛查和干预基地,甘肃 兰州 730000, bio={"content":"

赵燕红(1989—),女,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:公共卫生

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J Gen Fam Med, 2023, 24(2): 72-78., articleTitle=Sample size determination: a practical guide for health researchers, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1311349982515524421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, awardId=22JR11RA264; 22JR11RA57, language=CN, fundingSource=甘肃省自然科学基金(22JR11RA264; 22JR11RA57), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311349975854969605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349975863358214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, companyId=1311349975854969605, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital Stroke High-Risk Homo Sapiens Group Screening and Intervention Base, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349975875941127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, companyId=1311349975854969605, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.甘肃省人民医院脑卒中高危人群筛查和干预基地,甘肃 兰州 730000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311349977490748168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349977499136777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, companyId=1311349977490748168, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.甘肃省医学科学研究院编辑部)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311349977587217162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349977595605771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, companyId=1311349977587217162, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.甘肃省人民医院科研处)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311349977671103244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349977679491853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, companyId=1311349977671103244, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.甘肃省人民医院神经内科)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311349977775960846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349977780155151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, companyId=1311349977775960846, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.甘肃省人民医院静配中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311349977859846928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, xref=6., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349977868235537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, companyId=1311349977859846928, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6.甘肃省人民医院医务处)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311349980124771131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Flowchart of participant selection, figureFileSmall=Zh+k0QxLyXM9qlTXrx/b9A==, figureFileBig=n0gpsZ7YEzVAkZRKp2G29Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349980191879996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究对象筛选流程图, figureFileSmall=Zh+k0QxLyXM9qlTXrx/b9A==, figureFileBig=n0gpsZ7YEzVAkZRKp2G29Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349980376429373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Subgroup analysis of memory-related diseases (A) and subjective memory decline (B) with stroke risk (Model 3), figureFileSmall=cQfOFKmuPasrhkOWvym/Jw==, figureFileBig=9UQ4ofcn82dndBuD2oYYwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349981978653502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, language=CN, label=图2, caption=患记忆相关疾病(A)和主观记忆减退(B)与脑卒中风险的慢性病亚组分析(校正模型3), figureFileSmall=cQfOFKmuPasrhkOWvym/Jw==, figureFileBig=9UQ4ofcn82dndBuD2oYYwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349982037373759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Baseline characteristics of the study population

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征未发生卒中(n=13 993)发生卒中(n=893)χ2/Z值P值
年龄(岁),[M(Q1, Q3)]57.00(51.00, 64.00)60.00(55.00, 67.00)8.894<0.001
性别,[n(%)]0.1520.697
男6 785(48.49)439(49.16)
女7 208(51.51)454(50.84)
教育程度,[n(%)]7.9870.018
初中及以下12 310(87.97)812(90.93)
高中及职业学校1 419(10.14)72(8.06)
高等教育264(1.89)9(1.01)
居住地,[n(%)]0.0030.954
城镇5 404(38.62)344(38.52)
农村8 589(61.38)549(61.48)
婚姻状况,[n(%)]6.9360.008
在婚(在婚/同居)12 338(88.17)761(85.22)
非在婚(丧偶/离异/单身)1 655(11.83)132(14.78)
家庭人均消费支出,[n(%)]10.6500.014
Q12 967(25.04)222(29.56)
Q23 031(25.58)190(25.30)
Q32 949(24.89)186(24.77)
Q42 901(24.49)153(20.37)
睡眠质量,[n(%)]28.509<0.001
较差3 235(24.82)273(32.16)
中等4 489(34.45)295(34.75)
良好5 308(40.73)281(33.10)
抑郁状态,[n(%)]27.475<0.001
无抑郁8 273(64.10)463(55.12)
抑郁4 633(35.90)377(44.88)
吸烟状况,[n(%)]20.391<0.001
从不吸烟8 418(62.37)509(58.51)
戒烟1 054(7.81)105(12.07)
正在吸烟4 025(29.82)256(29.43)
饮酒状况,[n(%)]8.3670.039
从不饮酒8 477(65.14)528(62.93)
戒酒1 071(8.23)93(11.08)
适量饮酒2 013(15.47)126(15.02)
过量饮酒1 453(11.16)92(10.97)
BMI分组,[n(%)]40.547<0.001
体重过低(<18.5)776(6.97)29(4.03)
正常(18.5~23.9)5 984(53.74)339(47.15)
超重(24.0~27.9)3 161(28.39)227(31.57)
肥胖(≥28.0)1 214(10.90)124(17.25)
高血压,[n(%)]260.357<0.001
无10 717(76.59)469(52.52)
有3 276(23.41)424(47.48)
糖尿病,[n(%)]37.079<0.001
无13 223(94.50)800(89.59)
有770(5.50)93(10.41)
心脏疾病,[n(%)]76.207<0.001
无12 446(88.94)708(79.28)
有1 547(11.06)185(20.72)
肾脏疾病,[n(%)]6.2340.013
无13 248(94.68)828(92.72)
有745(5.32)65(7.28)
血脂异常,[n(%)]82.336<0.001
无12 604(91.09)723(81.88)
有1 232(8.91)160(18.12)
慢性病用药,[n(%)]153.903<0.001
未服用10 699(76.46)518(58.01)
服用3 294(23.54)375(41.99)
客观记忆评分(分),[M(Q1, Q3)]3.50(2.50, 5.00)3.50(2.00, 4.50)4.174<0.001
主观记忆,[n(%)]31.615<0.001
良好8 462(65.55)471(56.00)
较差4 447(34.45)370(44.00)
记忆相关疾病,[n(%)]75.189<0.001
无13 820(98.76)850(95.18)
有173(1.24)43(4.82)
), ArticleFig(id=1311349982112871232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究基线人群基本特征描述

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征未发生卒中(n=13 993)发生卒中(n=893)χ2/Z值P值
年龄(岁),[M(Q1, Q3)]57.00(51.00, 64.00)60.00(55.00, 67.00)8.894<0.001
性别,[n(%)]0.1520.697
男6 785(48.49)439(49.16)
女7 208(51.51)454(50.84)
教育程度,[n(%)]7.9870.018
初中及以下12 310(87.97)812(90.93)
高中及职业学校1 419(10.14)72(8.06)
高等教育264(1.89)9(1.01)
居住地,[n(%)]0.0030.954
城镇5 404(38.62)344(38.52)
农村8 589(61.38)549(61.48)
婚姻状况,[n(%)]6.9360.008
在婚(在婚/同居)12 338(88.17)761(85.22)
非在婚(丧偶/离异/单身)1 655(11.83)132(14.78)
家庭人均消费支出,[n(%)]10.6500.014
Q12 967(25.04)222(29.56)
Q23 031(25.58)190(25.30)
Q32 949(24.89)186(24.77)
Q42 901(24.49)153(20.37)
睡眠质量,[n(%)]28.509<0.001
较差3 235(24.82)273(32.16)
中等4 489(34.45)295(34.75)
良好5 308(40.73)281(33.10)
抑郁状态,[n(%)]27.475<0.001
无抑郁8 273(64.10)463(55.12)
抑郁4 633(35.90)377(44.88)
吸烟状况,[n(%)]20.391<0.001
从不吸烟8 418(62.37)509(58.51)
戒烟1 054(7.81)105(12.07)
正在吸烟4 025(29.82)256(29.43)
饮酒状况,[n(%)]8.3670.039
从不饮酒8 477(65.14)528(62.93)
戒酒1 071(8.23)93(11.08)
适量饮酒2 013(15.47)126(15.02)
过量饮酒1 453(11.16)92(10.97)
BMI分组,[n(%)]40.547<0.001
体重过低(<18.5)776(6.97)29(4.03)
正常(18.5~23.9)5 984(53.74)339(47.15)
超重(24.0~27.9)3 161(28.39)227(31.57)
肥胖(≥28.0)1 214(10.90)124(17.25)
高血压,[n(%)]260.357<0.001
无10 717(76.59)469(52.52)
有3 276(23.41)424(47.48)
糖尿病,[n(%)]37.079<0.001
无13 223(94.50)800(89.59)
有770(5.50)93(10.41)
心脏疾病,[n(%)]76.207<0.001
无12 446(88.94)708(79.28)
有1 547(11.06)185(20.72)
肾脏疾病,[n(%)]6.2340.013
无13 248(94.68)828(92.72)
有745(5.32)65(7.28)
血脂异常,[n(%)]82.336<0.001
无12 604(91.09)723(81.88)
有1 232(8.91)160(18.12)
慢性病用药,[n(%)]153.903<0.001
未服用10 699(76.46)518(58.01)
服用3 294(23.54)375(41.99)
客观记忆评分(分),[M(Q1, Q3)]3.50(2.50, 5.00)3.50(2.00, 4.50)4.174<0.001
主观记忆,[n(%)]31.615<0.001
良好8 462(65.55)471(56.00)
较差4 447(34.45)370(44.00)
记忆相关疾病,[n(%)]75.189<0.001
无13 820(98.76)850(95.18)
有173(1.24)43(4.82)
), ArticleFig(id=1311349982188368705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Associations between memory decline and stroke onset

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变量总人数新发脑卒中n(%)模型1模型2
β值Wald χ2值HR(95%CI)β值Wald χ2值HR(95%CI)
客观记忆评分(每下降1分)14 886893(6.0)0.10420.5921.11(1.06~1.16)0.0301.1861.03(0.98~1.09)
主观记忆
良好9 675498(5.1)0.000-1.00(参照)0.000-1.00(参照)
较差5 211395(7.6)0.39232.3771.48(1.29~1.69)0.26212.3941.30(1.12~1.50)
记忆相关疾病
无14 670850(5.8)0.000-1.00(参照)0.000-1.00(参照)
有21643(19.9)1.53796.7474.65(3.42~6.31)1.15451.0593.17(2.31~4.35)
变量总人数新发脑卒中n(%)模型3
β值Wald χ2值HR(95%CI)
客观记忆评分(每下降1分)14 886893(6.0)0.0392.5531.04(0.99~1.09)
主观记忆
良好9 675498(5.1)0-1.00(参照)
较差5 211395(7.6)0.1825.6851.20(1.03~1.39)
记忆相关疾病
无14 670850(5.8)0-1.00(参照)
有21643(19.9)0.95234.7122.59(1.89~3.56)
), ArticleFig(id=1311349982276449090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

记忆减退与卒中发病之间的关联

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总人数新发脑卒中n(%)模型1模型2
β值Wald χ2值HR(95%CI)β值Wald χ2值HR(95%CI)
客观记忆评分(每下降1分)14 886893(6.0)0.10420.5921.11(1.06~1.16)0.0301.1861.03(0.98~1.09)
主观记忆
良好9 675498(5.1)0.000-1.00(参照)0.000-1.00(参照)
较差5 211395(7.6)0.39232.3771.48(1.29~1.69)0.26212.3941.30(1.12~1.50)
记忆相关疾病
无14 670850(5.8)0.000-1.00(参照)0.000-1.00(参照)
有21643(19.9)1.53796.7474.65(3.42~6.31)1.15451.0593.17(2.31~4.35)
变量总人数新发脑卒中n(%)模型3
β值Wald χ2值HR(95%CI)
客观记忆评分(每下降1分)14 886893(6.0)0.0392.5531.04(0.99~1.09)
主观记忆
良好9 675498(5.1)0-1.00(参照)
较差5 211395(7.6)0.1825.6851.20(1.03~1.39)
记忆相关疾病
无14 670850(5.8)0-1.00(参照)
有21643(19.9)0.95234.7122.59(1.89~3.56)
), ArticleFig(id=1311349982351946563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Sensitivity analysis of memory decline and stroke risk

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量统计参数死亡竞争风险最早发病时间假定最晚发病时间假定剔除基线记忆相关疾病患者
客观记忆评分(每下降1分)SHR/HR(95%CI)1.04 (0.98~1.09)1.03 (0.98~1.09)1.04 (0.99~1.09)1.03 (0.98~1.09)
β值0.0390.0300.0390.030
Wald χ2值2.0891.1862.5531.186
主观记忆
良好SHR/HR(95%CI)1.00(参照)1.00(参照)1.00(参照)1.00(参照)
较差SHR/HR(95%CI)1.20 (1.04~1.39)1.20 (1.04~1.40)1.23 (1.06~1.42)1.21 (1.04~1.41)
β值0.1820.1820.2070.191
Wald χ2值6.0705.7817.7036.027
记忆相关疾病
无SHR/HR(95%CI)1.00(参照)1.00(参照)1.00(参照)1.00(参照)
有SHR/HR(95%CI)2.55 (1.87~3.49)2.48 (1.80~3.40)2.38 (1.73~3.28)-
β值0.9360.9080.867-
Wald χ2值34.58531.3428.231-
), ArticleFig(id=1311349982423249732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349974227579644, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

记忆减退与卒中发病的敏感性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量统计参数死亡竞争风险最早发病时间假定最晚发病时间假定剔除基线记忆相关疾病患者
客观记忆评分(每下降1分)SHR/HR(95%CI)1.04 (0.98~1.09)1.03 (0.98~1.09)1.04 (0.99~1.09)1.03 (0.98~1.09)
β值0.0390.0300.0390.030
Wald χ2值2.0891.1862.5531.186
主观记忆
良好SHR/HR(95%CI)1.00(参照)1.00(参照)1.00(参照)1.00(参照)
较差SHR/HR(95%CI)1.20 (1.04~1.39)1.20 (1.04~1.40)1.23 (1.06~1.42)1.21 (1.04~1.41)
β值0.1820.1820.2070.191
Wald χ2值6.0705.7817.7036.027
记忆相关疾病
无SHR/HR(95%CI)1.00(参照)1.00(参照)1.00(参照)1.00(参照)
有SHR/HR(95%CI)2.55 (1.87~3.49)2.48 (1.80~3.40)2.38 (1.73~3.28)-
β值0.9360.9080.867-
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记忆减退与中老年人脑卒中发病的关联研究
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赵燕红 1 , 姬晓虹 2 , 朱新玉 3 , 张雅敏 4 , 漆安娜 5 , 汪宏晶 6 , 张冬志 6
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(12): 2126-2132
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (12) : 2126 -2132
记忆减退与中老年人脑卒中发病的关联研究
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赵燕红1, 姬晓虹2, 朱新玉3, 张雅敏4, 漆安娜5, 汪宏晶6, 张冬志6
作者信息
  • 1.甘肃省人民医院脑卒中高危人群筛查和干预基地,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 2.甘肃省医学科学研究院编辑部
  • 3.甘肃省人民医院科研处
  • 4.甘肃省人民医院神经内科
  • 5.甘肃省人民医院静配中心
  • 6.甘肃省人民医院医务处
通讯作者:
张冬志,E-mail:
作者简介:

赵燕红(1989—),女,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:公共卫生

Association between memory decline and stroke onset among middle-aged and older adults
Yan-hong ZHAO1, Xiao-hong JI2, Xin-yu ZHU3, Ya-min ZHANG4, An-na QI5, Hong-jing WANG6, Dong-zhi ZHANG6
Affiliations
  • Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital Stroke High-Risk Homo Sapiens Group Screening and Intervention Base, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512281
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目的

探讨记忆减退与中老年人脑卒中发病风险的关联。

方法

采用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,选取基线无脑卒中人群,利用2013—2018年随访数据监测脑卒中发生情况。通过主观记忆评价、客观记忆评分及记忆相关疾病史评估基线记忆状态。采用多因素Cox回归模型分析记忆减退与脑卒中发病风险的关联。

结果

研究队列包含14 886名参与者,平均随访6.19年,共记录893例脑卒中事件,6年累积发病率6.0%。调整人口学、生活方式及慢性病等混杂因素后,主观感知记忆较差(HR=1.20,95%CI:1.03~1.39)、患有记忆相关疾病(HR=2.59,95%CI:1.89~3.56)与较高的卒中风险显著相关,亚组分析显示,该关联在不同慢性病人群中保持稳定(交互P>0.05)。客观记忆评分降低与脑卒中发病之间未发现统计学关联。

结论

中老年人记忆减退与脑卒中发病风险增加存在相关性。关注中老年人早期记忆状态,有助于识别脑卒中高风险个体。

脑卒中  /  记忆减退  /  队列研究
Objective

To investigate the association between memory decline and the risk of incident stroke among middle-aged and older adults in China.

Methods

Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), individuals without stroke at baseline were enrolled and followed from 2013 to 2018 to monitor stroke occurrence. Baseline memory status was assessed via subjective memory evaluation, objective memory scores, and history of memory-related diseases.Multivariable Cox regression models were employed to evaluate the association between memory decline and stroke incidence.

Results

The study cohort comprised 14 886 participants.Over an average follow-up of 6.19 years, a total of 893 incident stroke events were recorded, with a 6-year cumulative incidence of 6.0%. After adjusting for demographics, lifestyle, and chronic comorbidities, poor subjective memory (HR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.03~1.39) and memory-related diseases (HR=2.59, 95%CI: 1.89~3.56) were significantly associated with an increased risk of stroke. Subgroup analyses indicated that these associations remained stable across different chronic disease strata (all P for interaction >0.05). No statistically significant association was observed between objective memory scores and stroke incidence.

Conclusion

Memory decline is associated with an increased risk of stroke in middle-aged and older adults. Monitoring the early memory status of this population may facilitate the identification of individuals at high risk for stroke.

Stroke  /  Memory decline  /  Cohort studies
赵燕红, 姬晓虹, 朱新玉, 张雅敏, 漆安娜, 汪宏晶, 张冬志. 记忆减退与中老年人脑卒中发病的关联研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (12) : 2126 -2132 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512281
Yan-hong ZHAO, Xiao-hong JI, Xin-yu ZHU, Ya-min ZHANG, An-na QI, Hong-jing WANG, Dong-zhi ZHANG. Association between memory decline and stroke onset among middle-aged and older adults[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (12) : 2126 -2132 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512281
脑卒中是全球第二大致死和致残原因[1-2]。根据全球疾病负担(GBD)研究,2021年全球新发脑卒中病例近1 200万,现患病例超过9 000万,其中约720万人死亡[3]。中国卒中发病人数在过去三十年间增幅达142.65%[4],已成为中国成年人首要致死、致残原因[5]。鉴于其巨大的疾病负担,识别早期预警信号对卒中防控至关重要。
除高血压、糖尿病等传统危险因素外[6],作为神经退行性疾病早期指标的记忆力下降,可能是脑卒中发病风险升高的潜在预警信号[7]。然而,目前关于记忆减退与卒中关联的研究结论尚不一致,Sajjad等[8]的研究发现,主观记忆力下降与脑卒中发病风险升高相关,但在客观认知功能评估中并未体现;另有研究在分析记忆和执行功能时,发现记忆的关联效应存在差异[9–11]。目前,针对中国人群综合评估记忆相关指标与卒中风险的研究也较有限。鉴于此,本研究将利用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)队列,通过多个指标评估记忆功能变化对脑卒中发病的影响,为卒中早期风险识别提供科学依据。
研究数据来源于CHARLS项目数据库。该项目是针对我国45岁及以上中老年人的全国性纵向调查。更多关于CHARLS方法学和设计细节已在之前的文献中详细描述[12]。
研究以2011年调查的17 708例居民作为基线人群,追踪2013年,2015年,2018年三轮随访中卒中的发病情况。排除以下特征人群:(1)年龄记录不完整或小于45岁(n=777);(2)基线时已经患脑卒中或脑卒中信息缺失(n=634);(3)失访或随访期间无新发脑卒中信息(n=1 104);(4)部分变量(缺失率<1%)缺失(n=307)。最终纳入14 886名研究对象(具体筛选过程见图1)。
研究主要观察结局为新发脑卒中,具体在调查中研究对象被问到:“您是否被医生诊断过脑卒中?”,可以自答或由代理人员回答。所有患者均符合卒中诊断标准[13]。
随访起点为受访者完成基线调查的日期。鉴于自报发病年份存在缺失及回忆偏倚,本研究针对具有区间删失特征的卒中结局采用中点插补法估算发病时间,即取“最后一次报告无病”与“首次报告患病”两次调查的中位日期。对于未发生卒中者,随访时间在最后一次有效随访、失访或非卒中死亡日进行右删失处理。
客观记忆评估采用标准化言语即时与延迟回忆测验进行评估。该过程由调查员阅读10个词语,受访者立即复述记得的词语(即时记忆),每复述1个计1分,5分钟后再次要求受访者回忆这些词语(延迟记忆),计分规则相同。最终得分由两次回忆得分的平均值计算得出,分值范围为0~10分,据此提供记忆表现的量化评估结果。
主观记忆力评估基于参与者对自身当前记忆功能的自我评估。参与者被要求将其记忆力评为“优秀”“很好”“良好”“一般”或“较差”。该评估仅能由参与者本人提供。分析时进一步分为“良好”(包括“优秀”“很好”“良好”和“一般”)和“较差”(仅“较差”)两类。
记忆相关疾病评估采用自我报告的方式,询问参与者是否曾被医生诊断为阿尔茨海默病、脑萎缩或帕金森病等记忆相关疾病。可以自答或由代理人员回答。
研究纳入的协变量包括年龄、性别、教育水平(初中及以下、高中及职业学校、高等教育)、婚姻状况(在婚、非在婚)、居住地(城镇、农村)、家庭人均消费支出(按四分位数分为Q1~Q4组)、吸烟状况(从不吸烟、戒烟、正在吸烟)、饮酒状况(从不饮酒、戒酒、适度饮酒及过量饮酒)、体质指数(体重过低、正常、超重、肥胖)、睡眠质量(较差、中等、良好)、抑郁状况(无抑郁、抑郁)、慢性病病史(高血压、糖尿病、心脏疾病、血脂异常、肾脏疾病)、慢性病用药情况(有、无)。
连续变量以或M(Q1,Q3)表示,分类变量以频数和百分比[n(%)]表示,分类变量组间比较采用χ2检验,连续变量组间比较,采用t检验或Wilcoxon秩和检验。采用多因素Cox回归模型研究记忆减退与卒中发病之间的关联,并计算风险比(HR)及95%CI。利用方差膨胀因子(VIF)法检测自变量之间的共线性(VIF<5视为无严重共线性),利用Schoenfeld残差法验证比例风险假设,利用限制性立方样条(RCS)检验连续变量的剂量-反应关系(非线性P>0.05视为符合线性假设)。协变量筛选基于既往研究及因果有向无环图(DAG)[3,14],考虑到中老年血管危险因素的长期累积效应,基线慢性病(如高血压、糖尿病)被明确界定为混杂因素,并采用分步调整策略以规避潜在的过度调整偏倚。共构建三个模型:模型1为粗模型;模型2调整了年龄、性别、婚姻状况、教育水平、居住地、家庭人均支出水平、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、体质指数、睡眠质量;模型3进一步调整了5种慢性病史、慢性用药史、抑郁状况以及分析指标之外的其余2种记忆指标。此外,为评估不同慢性病有无的人群中,记忆衰减与卒中风险的关联是否稳定存在,我们进一步按5种慢性病进行亚组分析,并通过引入交互项检验亚组间的异质性。所有数据均使用SAS 9.4软件分析,检验水准α=0.05。
缺失率<1%的变量直接剔除观测值;缺失率较高(1.94%~20.72%)的变量,基于随机缺失(MAR)假设,采用多元链式方程重复插补20次,每个数据集有50次迭代,并结合收敛图确保模型收敛。随后,我们在20个数据集中进行了Cox比例风险回归,并利用Rubin规则将估计值合并。插补的变量有血脂异常、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、睡眠状况、主观记忆、抑郁状况、家庭人均支出水平、客观记忆、BMI。
为验证主要结果的稳健性,研究开展了三项敏感性分析:
(1)考虑到中老年队列的竞争风险特征,主模型之外还采用Fine-Gray比例亚分布风险模型进行竞争风险回归分析,将非卒中死亡视为竞争事件;(2)针对发病时间的区间删失特性,在主分析基础上,分别假设新发卒中发生于上一波随访结束(最早发病假定)或当次随访起始(最晚发病假定),重新构建Cox模型;(3)为验证该关联在基线无严重认知障碍人群中的稳健性,剔除了基线确诊记忆相关疾病的研究对象,重新拟合模型以评估主、客观记忆下降对卒中发病的影响。
本研究共纳入对象14 886例,年龄中位数57岁。平均随访时长6.19±1.56年,期间新发卒中893例,6年累计发病率为6.0%,男性发病439例(6.1%),女性发病454例(5.9%),其他基本特征描述见表1。对比符合纳入标准的基线人群显示,除居住地分布外(χ2=7.555,P=0.006),本研究人群在主要人口学特征上与总体基本一致,具有良好的样本代表性。
统计学假设检验显示,各变量间不存在严重多重共线性(最大VIF=1.8),核心暴露变量均满足等比风险假设(P>0.05),连续变量满足对数线性假设(Pnonlinear=0.776)。多因素Cox回归分析显示(表2),在充分校正混杂因素后,客观记忆评分与脑卒中风险之间无显著统计学关联。然而,主观记忆评价较差者发生脑卒中的风险增加20%(HR=1.20,95%CI:1.03~1.39);基线患有记忆相关疾病者,其发病风险更是非患者的2.59倍(HR=2.59,95%CI:1.89~3.56)。
敏感性分析显示(表3),在所有模型中,主观记忆较差(HR/SHR:1.20~1.23)及患有记忆相关疾病(HR/SHR:2.38~2.55)依然与卒中风险增加显著相关。同时,客观记忆评分在各模型中均未见统计学显著性。该结果与主分析基本一致,提示该相关性相对稳定。
亚组分析显示,各记忆指标与卒中风险的关联在不同慢性病分层中保持一致,未发现显著交互作用(交互P值均>0.05)。无论研究对象是否合并上述常见慢性病,患有记忆相关疾病及主观记忆较差均与卒中发病风险增加保持正向关联趋势(如图2所示);同时,客观记忆评分在各亚组中也均未见统计学显著性。
大脑功能减退是衰老过程中的一个自然现象,而记忆能力下降在老年人群中尤为普遍,可表现为轻微的记忆障碍或更严重的认知障碍和痴呆。流行病学数据显示,中国60岁及以上老年人中,痴呆患病率约为6.0%,轻度认知障碍(MCI)患病率高达15.5%,且随年龄增长其负担逐渐加重[15-16]。
现有证据表明,约30%的中风幸存者会经历持续性的血管性认知障碍(VCI),甚至发展为卒中后痴呆(PSD)[17-18]。值得注意的是,认知衰退可能先于卒中发生[19]。本研究发现,主观记忆较差者卒中风险增加20%,而客观评分关联不显著,这与Sajjad等[8]的大规模随访研究结果高度一致。这种关联的机制可能源于共同的血管危险因素及隐匿性脑小血管病变(CSVD)。主观记忆下降常被视为脑微血管早期损伤的标志,此时病理改变尚不足以在量表测试中显现,但最终会演变为临床卒中[20]。神经影像学研究也证实,认知损伤患者中白质病变、梗死和微出血的患病率较高[21]。此外,β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)的病理沉积也可能发挥中介作用,已有研究发现,主观记忆下降人群脑内已有显著Aβ沉积,且Aβ负荷与客观记忆指标无关[22]。血管壁内的Aβ沉积会破坏血管壁的完整性与血脑屏障,导致微血管渗漏及脆性增加,进而诱发脑卒中。不仅如此,本研究还发现,基线罹患记忆相关疾病者卒中风险激增159%。这提示,当记忆减退等认知功能障碍达到临床确诊(如痴呆症)阶段时,患者脑血管的病理损害可能已经进展至严重阶段。
认知功能降低可表现为记忆下降、执行功能障碍和语言能力退化等多种表现,而记忆力下降是此类认知变化中最明显且最容易被人们观察和感知到的。因此,探讨认知衰退与卒中的相关性,在公共卫生领域意义重大,通过早期筛查记忆问题可有效识别卒中高危个体并及时干预。
本研究的主要优势在于其前瞻性队列研究设计,相比既往研究多为小样本,本研究纳入了14 886例研究对象,不仅更好地确立了暴露与结局的时间先后顺序,也显著增强了统计功效与结论的外推性[23-24]。此外,研究同时评估了主、客观记忆及临床疾病指标,为该领域的关联研究提供了重要补充。诚然,本研究也存在一定的方法学限制,需谨慎解读。一是结局事件主要基于自报及代理报告,可能存在一定的误分类偏倚,但此类偏倚通常为非差异性,倾向于低估关联强度,暗示实际效应可能更强。未来研究可通过医疗记录交叉核对等手段,进一步增强可靠性。二是处理缺失数据的多重插补基于MAR假设,若实际为非随机缺失(MNAR)则可能残留偏倚。三是模型将高血压等慢性病统一作为混杂因素校正,未能完全分离其在记忆下降到卒中发病路径中潜在的中介作用,存在过度调整风险。四是受限于随访频率,卒中发病时间本质上属于区间删失数据,尽管我们采用了中点插补法并增加敏感性分析,但这本质是对真实发病时间的近似处理。未来研究需通过更密集的随访或采用特定删失模型进一步验证。
本研究结果表明,中老年人记忆减退与脑卒中发病风险增加存在相关性。在充分调整多种潜在混杂变量后,这一关联仍然稳健存在。具体而言,主观感知记忆下降和罹患记忆相关疾病这两种记忆损伤指标,均与新发卒中风险增加相关。
  • 甘肃省自然科学基金(22JR11RA264; 22JR11RA57)
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2026年第53卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512281
  • 接收时间:2025-12-17
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-17
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甘肃省自然科学基金(22JR11RA264; 22JR11RA57)
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    1.甘肃省人民医院脑卒中高危人群筛查和干预基地,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.甘肃省医学科学研究院编辑部
    3.甘肃省人民医院科研处
    4.甘肃省人民医院神经内科
    5.甘肃省人民医院静配中心
    6.甘肃省人民医院医务处

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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