Article(id=1311349894909096054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349802038821144, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509126, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757520000000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579778649, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1783612800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579778649, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579778649, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579778649, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311349802038821144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='13', pageStart='2305', pageEnd='2496', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783612800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579756507, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588376143, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311385955492258162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349802038821144, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311385955496452467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349802038821144, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2423, endPage=2430, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311349896599400567, articleId=1311349894909096054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Multilevel analysis of factors influencing cross-district/county inpatient mobility in Sichuan Province and its implications for medical resource allocation, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To classify cross-district/county medical visits into upward flow (from low-GDP districts to high-GDP districts) and downward flow (from high-GDP districts to low-GDP districts), analyze their influencing factors and differences from overall cross-district/county visits, and provide theoretical support for optimal allocation of medical resources.

Methods

Data were obtained from the front pages of medical records of inpatients in Sichuan Province in 2022. Taking inpatients as the study subjects, two types of cross-district/county medical visits were classified. Geographic information software was used for spatial visualization, and a two-level random intercept logistic regression model was applied to analyze influencing factors from patient, institutional and regional dimensions.

Results

In 2022, the proportion of cross-district/county hospitalization in Sichuan was 29.20%, including 23.37% upward flow and 5.83% downward flow. Maintenance chemotherapy for malignant tumors accounted for the highest proportion in overall (4.97%) and upward flow (6.67%), while schizophrenia (2.69%) ranked first in downward flow. West China Hospital of Sichuan University in Wuhou District was the top choice for overall (5.69%) and upward flow (7.10%), and Chengdu Second People’s Hospital in Jinjiang District was preferred for downward flow (7.92%). The effects of occupation type, medical insurance and other individual factors became more significant after distinguishing the two flows.

Conclusion

Upward and downward cross-district/county medical visits showed distinct demand differences: the former pursues high-quality medical services, while the latter mainly focuses on rehabilitation and other needs. Local governments should strengthen specialized or primary care services based on patient outflow and resource conditions, improve the rate of seeking care within the county, and promote the efficient, fair and sustainable development of the medical service system.

, authors=Jing-Hua WANG1, 2, Lu AO1, 2, Xian-Ge AN1, 2, Chao SONG1, 2, Xiu-Li WANG1, 2, authorsList=Jing-Hua WANG, Lu AO, Xian-Ge AN, Chao SONG, Xiu-Li WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiu-Li WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311349899074039950, articleId=1311349894909096054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=四川省住院患者跨区县流动的多水平影响分析及对医疗资源配置的启发研究, columnId=1228016568014139551, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=卫生政策与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

将跨区县就医细分为向上(GDP低区县流向高区县)和向下(GDP高区县流向低区县)两类,分析影响因素及与整体跨区县就医的差异,为医疗资源优化配置提供理论支撑。

方法

数据来源于2022年四川省住院患者病案首页,以住院患者为研究对象,划分两类跨区县就医类型,采用地理信息软件可视化就医情况,运用两水平随机截距logistic回归模型,从患者、机构、地区层面分析影响因素。

结果

2022年四川省跨区县住院占比29.20%,其中向上就医23.37%、向下就医5.83%;恶性肿瘤维持性化疗在整体(4.97%)及向上就医(6.67%)中占比最高,精神分裂症(2.69%)在向下就医中占比最高;武侯区四川大学华西医院是整体(5.69%)及向上就医(7.10%)首选,向下就医主要选择锦江区成都市第二人民医院(7.92%);区分两类就医后,个人层面工作类型、医保等因素的影响更显著。

结论

向上与向下跨区县就医需求差异明显,前者追求优质医疗服务,后者以康复等需求为主。各地应结合外流情况与资源条件,强化专科或基层服务,提升县域就诊率,推动医疗服务体系高效公平可持续发展。

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王晶华(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:健康与社会行为学

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Medical insurance reimbursement benefits and patients'choice of cross-region medical treatment: based on spatial distance, hospital level and medical insurance benefits, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1311349906053361866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349894909096054, awardId=72204175, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金青年项目(72204175), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1311349906112082123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349894909096054, awardId=ETYH-2025-B12, language=CN, fundingSource=成都市儿童友好城市建设研究中心项目(ETYH-2025-B12), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1311349906170802380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349894909096054, awardId=HN240308A, language=CN, fundingSource=四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康新质生产力研究所课题(HN240308A), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311349899279560847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349894909096054, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349899287949456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349894909096054, companyId=1311349899279560847, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349899300532369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349894909096054, companyId=1311349899279560847, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311349900940505234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349894909096054, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349900948893843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349894909096054, companyId=1311349900940505234, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.四川大学健康城市发展研究中心/西部农村卫生发展研究中心,四川 成都 610041)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311349902995714232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349894909096054, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Hospitalization rate and proportion of patients seeking cross-district/county medical care in Sichuan Province, figureFileSmall=6IMvJQ+whNWc0XKEtSIarg==, figureFileBig=Z59OWMuH0XXAgwXUL94lqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349903058628793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349894909096054, language=CN, label=图1, caption=四川省住院率及跨区县患者就医占比

注:A为县域住院率;B为整体跨区县就医情况;C为向上跨区县就医情况;D为向下跨区县就医情况;审图号GS(2024)0650号。

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注:A为整体跨区县就医聚集情况;B为向上跨区就医聚集情况;C为向下跨区县就医聚集情况;审图号GS(2024)0650号。

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注:审图号GS(2024)0650号。

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Description of the current status of different types of cross-district/county medical visits

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类别整体流出患者占比(%)向上流出患者占比(%)向下流出患者占比(%)
主要流出区县沿滩区(91.90)蓬溪县(78.44)金牛区(41.08)
蓬溪县(79.77)新龙县(76.50)武侯区(31.76)
石渠县(78.20)茂县(74.84)自流井区(30.04)
主要流向区县武侯区(14.34)武侯区(17.92)锦江区(12.92)
青羊区(9.43)青羊区(8.60)青羊区(12.77)
顺庆区(4.79)顺庆区(5.93)龙马潭区(6.36)
主要流出疾病恶性肿瘤维持性化学治疗(4.97)恶性肿瘤维持性化学治疗(6.67)精神分裂症(2.69)
精神分裂症(1.18)慢性阻塞性肺疾病(1.13)恶性肿瘤维持性化学治疗(1.48)
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(1.17)老年性白内障(0.86)腰椎间盘突出(1.35)
主要流向机构四川大学华西医院(5.69)四川大学华西医院(7.10)成都市第二人民医院(7.92)
四川省人民医院(4.21)四川省人民医院(4.15)四川省人民医院(4.48)
西南医科大学附属医院(3.10)西南医科大学附属医院(3.53)西南医科大学附属中医医院(3.95)
), ArticleFig(id=1311349905650708677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349894909096054, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同跨区县就医分类现状描述

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类别整体流出患者占比(%)向上流出患者占比(%)向下流出患者占比(%)
主要流出区县沿滩区(91.90)蓬溪县(78.44)金牛区(41.08)
蓬溪县(79.77)新龙县(76.50)武侯区(31.76)
石渠县(78.20)茂县(74.84)自流井区(30.04)
主要流向区县武侯区(14.34)武侯区(17.92)锦江区(12.92)
青羊区(9.43)青羊区(8.60)青羊区(12.77)
顺庆区(4.79)顺庆区(5.93)龙马潭区(6.36)
主要流出疾病恶性肿瘤维持性化学治疗(4.97)恶性肿瘤维持性化学治疗(6.67)精神分裂症(2.69)
精神分裂症(1.18)慢性阻塞性肺疾病(1.13)恶性肿瘤维持性化学治疗(1.48)
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(1.17)老年性白内障(0.86)腰椎间盘突出(1.35)
主要流向机构四川大学华西医院(5.69)四川大学华西医院(7.10)成都市第二人民医院(7.92)
四川省人民医院(4.21)四川省人民医院(4.15)四川省人民医院(4.48)
西南医科大学附属医院(3.10)西南医科大学附属医院(3.53)西南医科大学附属中医医院(3.95)
), ArticleFig(id=1311349905742983366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349894909096054, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Parameter estimates of the two-level null logistic regression model

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参数估计值标准误t值P值
固定效应(截距)-0.690.01-69.000<0.001
随机效应(区县水平)2.291.171.960<0.001
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零模型参数估计结果

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参数估计值标准误t值P值
固定效应(截距)-0.690.01-69.000<0.001
随机效应(区县水平)2.291.171.960<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311349905889784008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349894909096054, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Variables and coding

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变量赋值
跨区县就医整体否=0,是=1
向上否=0,是=1
向下否=0,是=1
性别男=0,女=1
婚姻状况无序多分类变量:未婚=0,已婚=1,丧偶=2,离异=3,其他=4
民族少数民族=0,汉族=1
医疗保险城镇职工医疗保险=0,城乡居民医疗保险=1,其他=2
职业公务员、技术人员、职工、管理人员=0,工人、农民、自由职业、无业人员=1,学生、现役军人、个体经营者=2,离退休人员=3,其他=4
医院等级一级乙等=0,一级甲等=1,二级乙等=2,二级甲等=3,三级乙等=4,三级甲等=5
医院类别综合医院=0,康复医院=1,其他医院=2
医保定点医疗机构非定点机构=0,基本医保定点机构=1
), ArticleFig(id=1311349905965281481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349894909096054, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

变量与赋值

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变量赋值
跨区县就医整体否=0,是=1
向上否=0,是=1
向下否=0,是=1
性别男=0,女=1
婚姻状况无序多分类变量:未婚=0,已婚=1,丧偶=2,离异=3,其他=4
民族少数民族=0,汉族=1
医疗保险城镇职工医疗保险=0,城乡居民医疗保险=1,其他=2
职业公务员、技术人员、职工、管理人员=0,工人、农民、自由职业、无业人员=1,学生、现役军人、个体经营者=2,离退休人员=3,其他=4
医院等级一级乙等=0,一级甲等=1,二级乙等=2,二级甲等=3,三级乙等=4,三级甲等=5
医院类别综合医院=0,康复医院=1,其他医院=2
医保定点医疗机构非定点机构=0,基本医保定点机构=1
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四川省住院患者跨区县流动的多水平影响分析及对医疗资源配置的启发研究
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王晶华 1, 2 , 敖露 1, 2 , 安宪革 1, 2 , 宋超 1, 2 , 王秀丽 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2026,53(13): 2423-2430
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现代预防医学 |卫生政策与管理 2026 , 53 (13) : 2423 -2430
四川省住院患者跨区县流动的多水平影响分析及对医疗资源配置的启发研究
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王晶华1, 2, 敖露1, 2, 安宪革1, 2, 宋超1, 2, 王秀丽1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学健康城市发展研究中心/西部农村卫生发展研究中心,四川 成都 610041
通讯作者:
王秀丽,E-mail:
作者简介:

王晶华(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:健康与社会行为学

Multilevel analysis of factors influencing cross-district/county inpatient mobility in Sichuan Province and its implications for medical resource allocation
Jing-Hua WANG1, 2, Lu AO1, 2, Xian-Ge AN1, 2, Chao SONG1, 2, Xiu-Li WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2026-07-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509126
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目的

将跨区县就医细分为向上(GDP低区县流向高区县)和向下(GDP高区县流向低区县)两类,分析影响因素及与整体跨区县就医的差异,为医疗资源优化配置提供理论支撑。

方法

数据来源于2022年四川省住院患者病案首页,以住院患者为研究对象,划分两类跨区县就医类型,采用地理信息软件可视化就医情况,运用两水平随机截距logistic回归模型,从患者、机构、地区层面分析影响因素。

结果

2022年四川省跨区县住院占比29.20%,其中向上就医23.37%、向下就医5.83%;恶性肿瘤维持性化疗在整体(4.97%)及向上就医(6.67%)中占比最高,精神分裂症(2.69%)在向下就医中占比最高;武侯区四川大学华西医院是整体(5.69%)及向上就医(7.10%)首选,向下就医主要选择锦江区成都市第二人民医院(7.92%);区分两类就医后,个人层面工作类型、医保等因素的影响更显著。

结论

向上与向下跨区县就医需求差异明显,前者追求优质医疗服务,后者以康复等需求为主。各地应结合外流情况与资源条件,强化专科或基层服务,提升县域就诊率,推动医疗服务体系高效公平可持续发展。

跨区县就医  /  住院患者空间流  /  医疗资源配置效率
Objective

To classify cross-district/county medical visits into upward flow (from low-GDP districts to high-GDP districts) and downward flow (from high-GDP districts to low-GDP districts), analyze their influencing factors and differences from overall cross-district/county visits, and provide theoretical support for optimal allocation of medical resources.

Methods

Data were obtained from the front pages of medical records of inpatients in Sichuan Province in 2022. Taking inpatients as the study subjects, two types of cross-district/county medical visits were classified. Geographic information software was used for spatial visualization, and a two-level random intercept logistic regression model was applied to analyze influencing factors from patient, institutional and regional dimensions.

Results

In 2022, the proportion of cross-district/county hospitalization in Sichuan was 29.20%, including 23.37% upward flow and 5.83% downward flow. Maintenance chemotherapy for malignant tumors accounted for the highest proportion in overall (4.97%) and upward flow (6.67%), while schizophrenia (2.69%) ranked first in downward flow. West China Hospital of Sichuan University in Wuhou District was the top choice for overall (5.69%) and upward flow (7.10%), and Chengdu Second People’s Hospital in Jinjiang District was preferred for downward flow (7.92%). The effects of occupation type, medical insurance and other individual factors became more significant after distinguishing the two flows.

Conclusion

Upward and downward cross-district/county medical visits showed distinct demand differences: the former pursues high-quality medical services, while the latter mainly focuses on rehabilitation and other needs. Local governments should strengthen specialized or primary care services based on patient outflow and resource conditions, improve the rate of seeking care within the county, and promote the efficient, fair and sustainable development of the medical service system.

Cross-district/county medical visits  /  Spatial flow of inpatient admissions  /  Efficiency of medical resource allocation
王晶华, 敖露, 安宪革, 宋超, 王秀丽. 四川省住院患者跨区县流动的多水平影响分析及对医疗资源配置的启发研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (13) : 2423 -2430 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509126
Jing-Hua WANG, Lu AO, Xian-Ge AN, Chao SONG, Xiu-Li WANG. Multilevel analysis of factors influencing cross-district/county inpatient mobility in Sichuan Province and its implications for medical resource allocation[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (13) : 2423 -2430 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509126
患者跨区域就医的现象在全球普遍存在[1-2],但在不同行政管理单位和医保制度影响下,以跨区县就医的患者流动在我国为主要代表,原因包括医疗资源分布不均、服务质量差异或费用考量等[3-5]。国际学者指出,患者流动直接关系到全球健康公平、资源配置效率以及《可持续发展目标》中健康与福祉目标的实现,是全球医疗资源优化配置面临的共同挑战,各国应在政策层面加强医疗合作与监管[3-4]。在我国,区县是医疗资源规划与监管的基本单元,患者现住址与就医机构不在同一区县的跨区县就医行为,成为分级诊疗研究的重点对象[6-8]。
我国患者跨区县就医形势严峻[6]。2014—2018年,跨区县就医流出率较高区域主要集中在西北、中部、南部沿海及东北部分地区[7]。2016—2019年,四川省各区县县域外住院比例已达30%[9]。跨区县就医不仅加重患者经济与时间成本[10],还进一步加剧医疗资源空间失衡。精准识别其影响因素、引导就近就医、提高县域就诊率,是我国分级诊疗改革的重要任务。
现有研究多从整体层面分析跨区县就医现状及影响因素,涵盖资源分布、服务质量与个体特征等[7,11-12]。但普遍缺乏类型细分。本研究拟将其划分为向上与向下就医两类,从而更精准识别关键影响因素,为各地因地制宜优化医疗资源配置提供针对性理论依据。
四川省地处中国西南部,下辖21个地级行政区和183个县(市、区)。截至2023年年末,常住人口8 368.0万人,作为西南地区重要的人口与经济大省,其住院率达26.92%,医疗服务需求旺盛。该省医疗资源丰富但区域配置不均衡[13-14],2023年医疗卫生机构共75 109家(其中医院2 608家),高等级医院主要集中在成都等经济发达地区,偏远地区医疗资源质量有待提升,其医疗资源布局具有一定全国代表性。此外,四川省仍存在资源配置与服务需求倒挂的情况[15-16],跨区县就医现象普遍,亟需精准识别跨区县就医现状并提出针对性优化建议。
本研究以四川省2022年住院患者为研究对象,重点关注跨区县住院患者。患者数据为2022年四川省住院患者病案首页数据,含个人基本特征、疾病类型、医保情况、所在区县等;机构数据为2022年四川省医疗机构年报数据,含机构等级、隶属单位、重点专科数、执业医师数等,均来源于四川省卫生健康委员会统计信息中心。区县数据[国内生产总值(gross domestic product,GDP)、常住人口、城镇化率、人均第一产业总值等]来源于国家统计局《2023年统计年鉴》《四川卫生健康统计年鉴(2023)》及各区县2022年国民经济和社会发展统计公报。
四川省2022年住院患者病案首页共18 647 765条(含中西医),剔除省外患者、户籍及现住址存疑、影响因素缺失的数据后,最终保留11 475 313条用于分析。梳理四川省183个区县(j=1,2,…,183)数据,将现住址与医疗机构所在区县不一致的识别为跨区县就医,并结合社会经济发展水平,进一步划分为向上(GDP低区县流向高区县)和向下(GDP高区县流向低区县)跨区县就医。
本研究共纳入33个变量,包含患者层面(个人基本特征、职业、医保类型等)、机构层面(医院类别、等级、是否为医保定点机构等)及区县层面(流入/流出地人均第一产业总值、人均公共预算收支、城镇化率等)。以GVIF作为评估指标,采用R 4.4.2检验自变量多重共线性。当GVIF1/2df≥2.236或(GVIF1/2df)2≥5时,认为存在多重共线性风险[17-18]。
本研究因变量为患者是否跨区县就医(二分类变量),考虑数据层次性特征[19],建立两水平logistic随机效应模型,整合患者与区县信息,其中水平一为个人层面、水平二为区县层面。先建立仅含截距项的零模型,再引入单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量作为解释变量。
水平一模型:
水平二模型:
组合模型:
公式中,i=1,2,…,n,代表患者,为水平一单位。j=1,2,…,n,代表区县,为水平二单位。πij为患者跨区县就医的概率。β1代表解释变量u在水平1的回归系数,β01代表解释变量w在水平2的回归系数,为固定效应。μ0j为区县层面的残差,其方差越大,表明数据在高水平单位内的聚集性越强。
四川省2022年各区县住院率为1.83%~46.88%,县域内住院8 123 634人次,占住院总人次的70.79%。跨区县就医中,向上就医2 682 306人次,占23.37%,向下就医669 373人次,占5.83%。见图1。与整体跨区县就医一致,向上就医集中在川西地区、成都平原较少,向下就医则更集中在成都平原。见图2、3。
向下就医患者特征与整体、向上就医差异显著:流出地方面,整体及向上就医前三流出地多为阿坝、甘孜州(流出率70%以上),向下就医主要从成都、自贡流出(30%~45%);流入地方面,整体及向上就医流入前三为武侯区、青羊区、顺庆区,向下就医主要流入锦江区、青羊区、龙马潭区;疾病类型上,整体及向上就医以恶性肿瘤维持性化疗为主,向下就医以精神分裂症、腰椎间盘突出等长期疾病为主;机构选择上,向上就医首选省级及以上三甲医院,与整体、向上就医首选四川大学华西医院不同,向下就医首选成都市第二人民医院。见表1。
经GVIF筛选后共保留16个变量,涵盖三个层面:患者层面包括性别、年龄、婚姻状况、民族、医疗保险类型、职业;机构层面包括医院等级、是否为医保定点机构、政府主管部门评定的临床重点专科个数、医院类别;区县层面包括流入地与流出地的城镇化率、人均第一产业总值、每万人三甲床位数。对整体、向上及向下跨区县住院率分别进行单因素分析,所有纳入变量对三类跨区县就医的影响均具有统计学意义。
本研究拟合患者-区县的两水平零模型,结果显示区县水平方差具有统计学意义(P<0.001),组内相关系数(ICC)=0.36,说明结局的总变异有36%是由不同区县引起的,适宜用两水平logistic回归分析。见表2。
将单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的变量纳入logistic回归分析,变量和赋值见表3,结果如图4、5、6所示。从整体跨区县就医来看,个人层面女性、年龄、未婚、汉族、工人和农民以及学生等无固定职业是抑制因素;医疗机构层面一级乙等、康复类型医院是抑制因素;区县层面流出地城镇化率、流入地人均第一产业总值、流出地每万人三甲医院床位数是抑制因素。从向上跨区县就医来看,除个人层面离退休人员为促进因素与整体结果相反,其余因素的显著性更加明显。从向下跨区县就医来看,部分因素结果与整体结果相反,包括个人层面汉族、工人、农民、自由职业、无业人员为促进因素,机构层面三级甲等、康复医院是促进因素,区县层面流出地城镇化率、流入地每万人三甲床位数是促进因素,流出地人均第一产业总值为抑制因素。
本研究通过区分向上、向下就医,细化了跨区县就医现状及影响因素。与整体分析相比,部分因素作用效果更显著或出现反转,如离退休人员对向上就医为促进因素,而整体分析中为抑制因素[20]。四川省向下就医约占跨区县就医的 24.96%,其流向区域、疾病与机构特征均与整体存在明显差异。向下就医以精神分裂症、腰椎间盘突出等需长期管理或康复的病种为主,患者多转入康复能力较强的市级机构,该群体需求在整体分析中易被低估。可见,合理划分跨区县就医类型,对精准提出医疗资源优化配置建议具有重要意义[21-22]。
向上就医普遍存在,主要因优质医疗资源集中于成都等经济发达区县,其设备先进、人才集聚、诊疗经验丰富,吸引力强[23];而基层机构设备老旧、人才不足、技术薄弱,难以满足高端就医需求,同时交通改善也为患者向上就医提供了便利。
向下就医多发生于病情稳定后,以康复、维持治疗为主。基层康复条件较好、就医成本低、陪护便利,叠加医保报销与分级诊疗政策引导,推动患者下转。慢阻肺急性加重、老年性白内障等病种占比较高,体现出患者对康复与慢病管理的实际需求。
针对川西山区等向上就医突出的偏远县,重点强基层、疏上游。对甘孜、阿坝、凉山等外流率超60%的区县,建设日间化疗、高危孕产妇救治、微创骨科等中心,提升肿瘤化疗、关节置换、无痛分娩等服务能力[24-25]。由省级医院分片包干,派驻高年资医师驻点坐诊,并通过政策引导优质人才向偏远地区流动[15,24]。
针对成都平原等向下就医集中区域,重点畅通道、强承接。依托成都市第二人民医院建设市级康复医学中心,统一康复路径与标准,支持下转量大的区县将二级医院转型为康复专科医院[26]。落实出院48 h信息推送,配齐社区康复人员,实现出院即康复、康复在社区。对重点病种推行市级诊断、县级康复、社区管理模式,覆盖超半数病例[27]。
本研究对疾病类型的探讨受分类限制不够深入,后续将针对特殊病种展开细化分析;研究仅采用2022年四川省截面数据,结论代表性有限,未来可纳入时间序列数据以提升结论普适性。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年项目(72204175)
  • 成都市儿童友好城市建设研究中心项目(ETYH-2025-B12)
  • 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康新质生产力研究所课题(HN240308A)
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2026年第53卷第13期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509126
  • 接收时间:2025-09-11
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-11
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目(72204175)
成都市儿童友好城市建设研究中心项目(ETYH-2025-B12)
四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康新质生产力研究所课题(HN240308A)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学健康城市发展研究中心/西部农村卫生发展研究中心,四川 成都 610041

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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