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Article(id=1311349879239172941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349802038821144, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512082, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1765123200000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579774913, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1783612800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579774913, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579774913, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579774913, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311349802038821144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='13', pageStart='2305', pageEnd='2496', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783612800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579756507, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588376143, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311385955492258162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349802038821144, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311385955496452467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349802038821144, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2438, endPage=2443, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311349879436305230, articleId=1311349879239172941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Relationship between learning stress and emotional eating behavior among first-year medical graduate students in the context of “weight management”, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the relationship between learning stress and emotional eating behavior among first-year medical graduate students, with the aim of providing a reference for health education for first-year medical graduate students.

Methods

A total of 1 583 first-year medical graduate students in Guizhou Province were selected using stratified cluster random sampling, and questionnaire surveys were conducted using the Emotional Eating Behavior Scale, the Postgraduate Learning Stress Questionnaire, the Social Support Scale, and the Eating Attitude Test. Taking learning stress as the independent variable, emotional eating behavior as the dependent variable, and social support and eating attitude as the mediating variables, a chained mediation model was constructed.

Results

There were significant differences in emotional eating behavior scores among first-year medical graduate students based on gender, smoking, and family relationships (t=-3.998, P<0.001; t=2.521, P=0.012; F=4.344, P=0.013). Learning stress had a direct effect on emotional eating behavior (B=0.078). Social support and eating attitude had a chained mediation effect between learning stress and emotional eating behavior, accounting for 4.76% (B=0.008).

Conclusion

Learning stress can be directly associated with emotional eating behavior, and can also be indirectly associated with emotional eating behavior through the independent mediating effects or chained mediating effects of social support and eating attitude.

, authors=Xi LUO, Xing-chun GUO, Lin-xi ZOU, Xian-tao YANG, Man-ting GU, Zheng YAN, authorsList=Xi LUO, Xing-chun GUO, Lin-xi ZOU, Xian-tao YANG, Man-ting GU, Zheng YAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zheng YAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311349881004974941, articleId=1311349879239172941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=“体重管理”背景下医学研究生新生学习压力与情绪化进食行为的关系, columnId=1228016572640461823, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=健康与社会行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析医学研究生新生学习压力与情绪化进食行为的关系，以期为医学研究生新生健康教育提供参考依据。

方法

采用分层整群随机抽样抽取贵州省医学研究生新生1 583人，运用情绪化进食行为量表、研究生学习压力量表、社会支持量表和进食态度量表进行问卷调查。以学习压力为自变量，情绪化进食行为为因变量，社会支持和进食态度为中介变量，构建链式中介模型。

结果

医学研究生新生情绪化进食行为得分在性别、吸烟及家庭关系方面存在显著差异（t=-3.998，P<0.001；t=2.521，P=0.012；F=4.344，P=0.013）；学习压力对情绪化进食行为具有直接作用（B= 0.078），社会支持与进食态度在学习压力与情绪化进食行为间存在链式中介作用，占4.76%（B=0.008）。

结论

学习压力既可以直接关联情绪化进食行为，也可以通过社会支持和进食态度的单独中介作用或链式中介作用间接关联情绪化进食行为。

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罗溪（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：人群健康状况评价

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严征，E-mail：
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罗溪（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：人群健康状况评价

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Relationship between cognitive flexible, depression and eating attitude in middle school students, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1311349888009462677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349879239172941, awardId=202310660015, language=CN, fundingSource=2023年国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310660015), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1311349888080765846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349879239172941, awardId=2021A042, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省教育科学规划课题重点课题(2021A042), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311349881210495838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349879239172941, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349881218884447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349879239172941, companyId=1311349881210495838, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349881223078752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349879239172941, companyId=1311349881210495838, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院流行病与卫生统计学系，贵州 贵阳 561113)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311349885358662537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349879239172941, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Chain mediation hypothesis model, figureFileSmall=E0JlQgUjwCOoP6Rhx6xDSQ==, figureFileBig=buoEZDy9vnMuOaPsk9XugA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349885442548618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349879239172941, language=CN, label=图1, caption=链式中介假设模型, figureFileSmall=E0JlQgUjwCOoP6Rhx6xDSQ==, figureFileBig=buoEZDy9vnMuOaPsk9XugA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349885610320779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349879239172941, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Chain mediation effect model, figureFileSmall=S+Dbj6FWzakz9f27gSLM2Q==, figureFileBig=+uwXpKf/TTnEOGvXQb/qvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349885673235340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349879239172941, language=CN, label=图2, caption=链式中介效应模型

注：*P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=S+Dbj6FWzakz9f27gSLM2Q==, figureFileBig=+uwXpKf/TTnEOGvXQb/qvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349885727761293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349879239172941, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of dimensional and total scores of emotional eating behavior among first-year medical graduate students with different demographic characteristics ［（）， points］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征人数情绪化进食行为
抑郁生气/愤怒焦虑总分
性别
男53012.26±6.169.75±5.178.53±4.2430.54±14.76
女1 05313.92±6.2110.55±5.179.12±4.2233.60±14.13
t值-5.031-2.917-2.630-3.998
P值<0.0010.0040.009<0.001
民族
汉族1 11313.45±6.4010.35±5.309.02±4.3332.82±14.74
少数民族47013.16±5.8510.13±4.918.71±3.9732.00±13.62
t值0.8800.7901.3761.066
P值0.3790.4300.1690.287
独生子女
是40413.26±6.7310.30±5.718.95±4.5532.51±15.81
否1 17913.40±6.0710.28±4.998.92±4.1232.59±13.91
t值-0.3710.0800.128-0.093
P值0.7110.9370.8980.926
就读前有无工作
是42513.19±6.2010.26±5.308.96±4.3832.41±14.86
否1 15813.43±6.2610.30±5.148.91±4.1832.63±14.25
t值0.6800.124-0.2080.278
P值0.4960.9010.8360.781
饮酒
是98313.28±6.2410.11±5.068.82±4.1632.21±14.20
否60013.50±6.2510.58±5.379.10±4.3433.17±14.75
t值0.6661.7221.2721.290
P值0.5050.0850.2030.197
吸烟
是7111.15±5.989.08±4.968.13±4.2428.37±14.37
否1 51213.47±6.2410.34±5.198.96±4.2332.77±14.39
t值3.0601.9991.6252.521
P值0.0020.0460.1040.012
家庭关系
融洽1 36613.24±6.2010.23±5.148.85±4.1632.32±14.25
一般19213.85±6.3510.35±5.299.10±4.4933.30±14.92
不融洽2516.36±7.06a12.68±6.5411.56±5.10ab40.60±17.46ab
F值3.7342.7625.2514.344
P值0.0240.0630.0050.013
), ArticleFig(id=1311349885962642318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349879239172941, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同人口学特征医学研究生新生情绪化进食行为各维度及总得分比较［（），分］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征人数情绪化进食行为
抑郁生气/愤怒焦虑总分
性别
男53012.26±6.169.75±5.178.53±4.2430.54±14.76
女1 05313.92±6.2110.55±5.179.12±4.2233.60±14.13
t值-5.031-2.917-2.630-3.998
P值<0.0010.0040.009<0.001
民族
汉族1 11313.45±6.4010.35±5.309.02±4.3332.82±14.74
少数民族47013.16±5.8510.13±4.918.71±3.9732.00±13.62
t值0.8800.7901.3761.066
P值0.3790.4300.1690.287
独生子女
是40413.26±6.7310.30±5.718.95±4.5532.51±15.81
否1 17913.40±6.0710.28±4.998.92±4.1232.59±13.91
t值-0.3710.0800.128-0.093
P值0.7110.9370.8980.926
就读前有无工作
是42513.19±6.2010.26±5.308.96±4.3832.41±14.86
否1 15813.43±6.2610.30±5.148.91±4.1832.63±14.25
t值0.6800.124-0.2080.278
P值0.4960.9010.8360.781
饮酒
是98313.28±6.2410.11±5.068.82±4.1632.21±14.20
否60013.50±6.2510.58±5.379.10±4.3433.17±14.75
t值0.6661.7221.2721.290
P值0.5050.0850.2030.197
吸烟
是7111.15±5.989.08±4.968.13±4.2428.37±14.37
否1 51213.47±6.2410.34±5.198.96±4.2332.77±14.39
t值3.0601.9991.6252.521
P值0.0020.0460.1040.012
家庭关系
融洽1 36613.24±6.2010.23±5.148.85±4.1632.32±14.25
一般19213.85±6.3510.35±5.299.10±4.4933.30±14.92
不融洽2516.36±7.06a12.68±6.5411.56±5.10ab40.60±17.46ab
F值3.7342.7625.2514.344
P值0.0240.0630.0050.013
), ArticleFig(id=1311349887485174671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349879239172941, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation analysis between emotional eating behavior and learning pressure, social support, and eating attitude

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量得分（，分）情绪化进食行为学习压力社会支持进食态度
rP值rP值rP值r
情绪化进食行为32.57±14.411.000
学习压力61.16±14.680.180<0.0011.000
社会支持33.52±12.570.121<0.0010.248<0.0011.000
进食态度36.21±12.800.284<0.0010.323<0.0010.190<0.0011.000
), ArticleFig(id=1311349887594226576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349879239172941, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

情绪化进食行为与学习压力、社会支持、进食态度的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量得分（，分）情绪化进食行为学习压力社会支持进食态度
rP值rP值rP值r
情绪化进食行为32.57±14.411.000
学习压力61.16±14.680.180<0.0011.000
社会支持33.52±12.570.121<0.0010.248<0.0011.000
进食态度36.21±12.800.284<0.0010.323<0.0010.190<0.0011.000
), ArticleFig(id=1311349887686501265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349879239172941, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Chain mediation regression analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量自变量非标准化系数标准化系数t值P值
B Beta
社会支持学习压力0.1980.0210.2279.267<0.001
进食态度学习压力0.2500.0220.28511.377<0.001
社会支持0.1490.0260.1485.794<0.001
情绪化进食行为学习压力0.0780.0260.0782.9580.003
社会支持0.0740.0300.0642.4500.014
进食态度0.2680.0300.2369.016<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311349887770387346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349879239172941, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

链式中介回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量自变量非标准化系数标准化系数t值P值
B Beta
社会支持学习压力0.1980.0210.2279.267<0.001
进食态度学习压力0.2500.0220.28511.377<0.001
社会支持0.1490.0260.1485.794<0.001
情绪化进食行为学习压力0.0780.0260.0782.9580.003
社会支持0.0740.0300.0642.4500.014
进食态度0.2680.0300.2369.016<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311349887841690515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349879239172941, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mediation effect test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应路径B 95%CI百分比（%）
上限下限
总效应学习压力→情绪化进食行为0.1680.0250.1180.217100.00
直接效应学习压力→情绪化进食行为0.0780.0260.0260.13046.43
间接效应学习压力→社会支持→情绪化进食行为0.0150.0070.0010.0298.93
学习压力→进食态度→情绪化进食行为0.0670.0110.0460.08839.88
学习压力→社会支持→进食态度→情绪化进食行为0.0080.0030.0040.0144.76
), ArticleFig(id=1311349887908799380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349879239172941, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

中介效应检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应路径B 95%CI百分比（%）
上限下限
总效应学习压力→情绪化进食行为0.1680.0250.1180.217100.00
直接效应学习压力→情绪化进食行为0.0780.0260.0260.13046.43
间接效应学习压力→社会支持→情绪化进食行为0.0150.0070.0010.0298.93
学习压力→进食态度→情绪化进食行为0.0670.0110.0460.08839.88
学习压力→社会支持→进食态度→情绪化进食行为0.0080.0030.0040.0144.76
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“体重管理”背景下医学研究生新生学习压力与情绪化进食行为的关系
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罗溪 , 郭兴春 , 邹林希 , 杨先涛 , 古满婷 , 严征
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2026,53(13): 2438-2443
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现代预防医学 |健康与社会行为 2026 , 53 (13) : 2438 -2443
“体重管理”背景下医学研究生新生学习压力与情绪化进食行为的关系
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罗溪, 郭兴春, 邹林希, 杨先涛, 古满婷, 严征
作者信息
  • 贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院流行病与卫生统计学系，贵州 贵阳 561113
通讯作者:
严征，E-mail：
作者简介:

罗溪（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：人群健康状况评价

Relationship between learning stress and emotional eating behavior among first-year medical graduate students in the context of “weight management”
Xi LUO, Xing-chun GUO, Lin-xi ZOU, Xian-tao YANG, Man-ting GU, Zheng YAN
Affiliations
  • Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China
出版时间: 2026-07-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512082
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摘要
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目的

分析医学研究生新生学习压力与情绪化进食行为的关系，以期为医学研究生新生健康教育提供参考依据。

方法

采用分层整群随机抽样抽取贵州省医学研究生新生1 583人，运用情绪化进食行为量表、研究生学习压力量表、社会支持量表和进食态度量表进行问卷调查。以学习压力为自变量，情绪化进食行为为因变量，社会支持和进食态度为中介变量，构建链式中介模型。

结果

医学研究生新生情绪化进食行为得分在性别、吸烟及家庭关系方面存在显著差异（t=-3.998，P<0.001；t=2.521，P=0.012；F=4.344，P=0.013）；学习压力对情绪化进食行为具有直接作用（B= 0.078），社会支持与进食态度在学习压力与情绪化进食行为间存在链式中介作用，占4.76%（B=0.008）。

结论

学习压力既可以直接关联情绪化进食行为，也可以通过社会支持和进食态度的单独中介作用或链式中介作用间接关联情绪化进食行为。

情绪化进食行为  /  学习压力  /  社会支持  /  进食态度  /  体重管理
Objective

To analyze the relationship between learning stress and emotional eating behavior among first-year medical graduate students, with the aim of providing a reference for health education for first-year medical graduate students.

Methods

A total of 1 583 first-year medical graduate students in Guizhou Province were selected using stratified cluster random sampling, and questionnaire surveys were conducted using the Emotional Eating Behavior Scale, the Postgraduate Learning Stress Questionnaire, the Social Support Scale, and the Eating Attitude Test. Taking learning stress as the independent variable, emotional eating behavior as the dependent variable, and social support and eating attitude as the mediating variables, a chained mediation model was constructed.

Results

There were significant differences in emotional eating behavior scores among first-year medical graduate students based on gender, smoking, and family relationships (t=-3.998, P<0.001; t=2.521, P=0.012; F=4.344, P=0.013). Learning stress had a direct effect on emotional eating behavior (B=0.078). Social support and eating attitude had a chained mediation effect between learning stress and emotional eating behavior, accounting for 4.76% (B=0.008).

Conclusion

Learning stress can be directly associated with emotional eating behavior, and can also be indirectly associated with emotional eating behavior through the independent mediating effects or chained mediating effects of social support and eating attitude.

Emotional eating behavior  /  Learning stress  /  Social support  /  Eating attitude  /  Weight management
罗溪, 郭兴春, 邹林希, 杨先涛, 古满婷, 严征. “体重管理”背景下医学研究生新生学习压力与情绪化进食行为的关系. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (13) : 2438 -2443 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512082
Xi LUO, Xing-chun GUO, Lin-xi ZOU, Xian-tao YANG, Man-ting GU, Zheng YAN. Relationship between learning stress and emotional eating behavior among first-year medical graduate students in the context of “weight management”[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (13) : 2438 -2443 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512082
正文
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随着“健康中国2030”的深入推进，国民体重管理已从个人健康问题上升为国家层面的公共卫生问题。2024年6月，国家卫生健康委等16个部门联合制定了《“体重管理年”活动实施方案》，其关键在于使国民超重肥胖上升趋势初步减缓，切实减少因超重、肥胖等问题导致的慢性病发生[1]。宏观政策的有效落地，必须考量不同社会群体的独特境遇。医学研究生新生作为一个高知群体，其身心健康直接关系到未来医疗卫生事业的发展，除面临科研能力、职业发展等压力外，学习压力与其心理健康关联更为显著，使其心理健康问题日益凸显[2]。情绪调节理论认为，个体可能会采取不良的进食行为来降低压力等消极情绪的体验[3]。这种以进食来应对消极情绪的行为即为情绪化进食行为[4]。而情绪化进食行为与“体重管理”背景下所倡导的“理性、均衡”饮食原则背道而驰，且较为严重的情绪化进食行为还可能进一步发展为进食障碍，损害其身心健康[5]。因此，“体重管理”背景下对医学研究生新生的情绪化进食行为展开研究极为重要。社会支持是指个体所感受到的被给予的关爱、尊重和受重视程度，高强度学习压力可能直接触发个体社会支持水平升高，以此保护个体身心健康[6]。但对于医学研究生新生这一特殊群体而言，在“体重管理”背景下高水平社会支持可能异化为压力源，从而诱发异常进食态度[7]。进食态度是个体对进食所表现的一系列认知、情感和行为倾向，易受学习压力等因素的影响，且有研究发现进食态度对情绪化进食行为有显著正向预测作用[8]。医学研究生新生正处于职业身份认同与学术能力锻造的关键期，“体重管理”背景下可能会出现“知行分离”现象，且目前国内没有研究深入探讨“体重管理”背景下该群体学习压力与情绪化进食行为的关系。基于此，本研究对贵州省医学研究生新生展开调查，旨在探讨医学研究生新生学习压力与情绪化进食行为的关系，并进一步分析社会支持与进食态度的中介作用。通过揭示因素间的相互作用机制，为高校制定更具针对性的医学研究生新生健康支持体系提供参考。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
于2024年9—12月采用分层整群随机抽样的方法，首先将贵州省12所具有研究生学位授权点的高校分为医学类及非医学类两层，然后将3所医学类院校全部纳入研究，再依据3所院校2024年研究生招生人数占比抽取一年级在册研究生，每所院校随机抽取班级直至满足抽样人数，所抽中班级的所有研究生均纳入研究。纳入标准：2024年9—12月一年级在册医学研究生。排除标准：调查期间因各种原因未在校、拒绝调查或患有其他精神障碍性疾病的学生。最终，本研究共发放问卷1 630份，回收有效问卷1 583份，有效率为97.12%。其中，男生530人（33.5%）、女生1 053人（66.5%），调查对象平均年龄为（25.33±4.05）岁。本研究获得贵州医科大学人体实验伦理委员会批准（2023年伦审224号），研究取得了所有研究对象知情同意，并签署知情同意书。
1.2　方法
自编一般情况问卷：包括年龄、性别、家庭关系等。
情绪化进食行为量表(the emotional eating behavior scale, EES-CA)由陈贵等[9]修订，包括18个负性情绪条目，分为抑郁、生气/愤怒、焦虑三个维度；得分越高代表情绪化进食行为越严重。本研究中全量表Cronbach α系数为0.972。
研究生学习压力量表(the postgraduate learning stress questionnaire, PLSQ)由刘路[10]编制，包含20个条目，分为个人压力源、社会压力源、家庭压力源、学校压力源四个维度；分数越高，说明个体压力越大。本研究中全量表Cronbach α系数为0.927。
社会支持量表由叶悦妹等[11]编制，包括主观支持、客观支持和支持利用度三个维度，共17个条目；所有条目得分之和即为该量表的总分，得分越高反映被测者社会支持的总体状况越好。本研究中全量表Cronbach α系数为0.959。
进食态度量表(the eating attitude test, EAT-19)由王冰莹等[12]修订，共19个条目，包含4个因子：节食、贪食与食物关注、食物内容与知觉、代偿行为，总得分越高，表明进食态度越异常。本研究中全量表Cronbach α系数为0.906。
1.3　质量控制
调查前对调查员进行统一培训并考核；将问卷进行预调查，根据预调查情况反复修订调查问卷，并对最终问卷进行信、效度检验。调查时采取匿名调查方式，尽量减少调查对象防备心理，提高问卷真实性，问卷填写完毕后立即回收并核查完整性，提高应答率。调查后采取双人双录入，对数据进行一致性检验、逻辑查错等处理后形成最终数据库。
1.4　统计分析
使用EpiData 3.1软件建立数据库，采用SPSS 23.0与Amos 23.0软件对数据进行统计分析。一般人口学特征用（均数±标准差）、构成比、率等呈现，采用t检验、方差分析比较不同人口学特征情绪化进食行为得分差异，用最小显著差异（least significant difference,LSD）法进行组间两两比较。用Pearson相关对情绪化进食行为与学习压力、社会支持、进食态度进行相关性分析。以学习压力为自变量，情绪化进食行为为因变量，社会支持和进食态度为中介变量，构建链式中介模型，见图1。采用结构方程模型进行检验，检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　共同方法偏差检验
采用Harman单因素检验法考察是否存在共同方法偏差。研究结果显示未经旋转得到11个特征根大于1的因子，第一个因子所解释的变异量为22.08%，表明本研究不存在明显的共同方法偏差。
2.2　不同人口学特征医学研究生新生情绪化进食行为得分比较
由表1可知，在1 583名调查对象中，不同特征情绪化进食行为得分进行比较，除性别、吸烟、家庭关系方面差异有统计学意义外(P<0.05)，其余特征均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
2.3　情绪化进食行为与学习压力、社会支持、进食态度的相关性分析
为初步探讨情绪化进食行为与学习压力、社会支持、进食态度间的关系，对各变量总分进行Pearson相关分析，结果显示，四者间均呈现正相关关系。见表2。
2.4　社会支持、进食态度在学习压力与情绪化进食行为间的中介作用
本研究在控制性别、吸烟等混杂因素后，以学习压力为自变量，情绪化进食行为为因变量，社会支持和进食态度为中介变量，构建链式中介模型。回归分析结果显示，学习压力能正向预测社会支持(B=0.227，P<0.001)、进食态度(B=0.285，P<0.001)及情绪化进食行为(B=0.078，P<0.05)，社会支持也可正向预测进食态度(B=0.148，P<0.001)和情绪化进食行为(B=0.064，P<0.05)，且进食态度对情绪化进食行为具有正向预测作用(B=0.236，P<0.001)，见表3。采用结构方程模型对中介效应进行检验，结果如表4、图2所示，总效应显著，效应值为0.168（95%CI:0.118～0.217），总中介效应为53.57%。间接效应1（学习压力→社会支持→情绪化进食行为）结果显著，社会支持在学习压力与情绪化进食行为间起部分中介作用，效应值为0.015，中介效应占8.93%。间接效应2（学习压力→进食态度→情绪化进食行为）各路径系数均有统计学意义，提示进食态度在学习压力和情绪化进食行为间存在部分中介作用，效应值为0.067（95%CI: 0.046～0.088），相对中介效应为39.88%。间接效应3（学习压力→社会支持→进食态度→情绪化进食行为）各路径系数存在显著性差异，社会支持和进食态度在学习压力与情绪化进食行为间起链式中介作用，效应值为0.008，中介效应占4.76%。因此，学习压力既可以直接关联情绪化进食行为，也可以通过社会支持和进食态度的单独中介作用或链式中介作用间接关联情绪化进食行为。
3　讨论
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本研究显示，情绪化进食行为得分在性别间存在显著差异，且女生得分高于男生，与Israa等[13]的结果不一致；社会认知理论表明，女生面临更高的外貌社会标准，且有研究显示，男生自我管理体重效果良好率高于女生，在“体重管理”背景下，社会比较可能会进一步降低女生自我效能感，从而加剧其心理压力促使女生更倾向于选择情绪化进食行为减缓压力[14]。此次研究表明无吸烟行为的医学研究生新生情绪化进食行为得分高于有吸烟行为者，这可能是因为医学研究生新生由于其专业特殊性，是获取健康相关信息最便利的群体，其健康素养水平普遍高于普通群众和其他专业学生，他们更清楚“体重管理”的健康意义，故当其感知学习压力时，有吸烟行为者可能会选择吸烟行为替代与“体重管理”相悖的情绪化进食行为以此缓解压力[15]。本研究中家庭关系不融洽的医学研究生新生情绪化进食行为得分较高，该结论与以往研究[16]类似；高质量的家庭关系对个体的身心健康具有积极的促进作用，在“体重管理”背景下面临多重压力时，医学研究生新生可能会选择与家庭成员倾诉等缓解其负面情绪，从而减少情绪化进食行为的发生。
学习压力对医学研究生新生的情绪化进食行为具有正向预测作用，与以往研究一致[17]。自我损耗理论[18]认为“体重管理”虽意在减缓国民超重肥胖上升趋势，但当前医学研究生新生的学业挑战和竞争压力极为严峻，学业压力耗尽其心理资源和自我调节能力，使得“体重管理”行为难以坚持，对于具有专业健康认知的医学研究生新生而言，“体重管理”失败极易异化为新的压力源，使其进一步产生挫败感和自我否定情绪，加重情绪化进食行为。根据应激理论可知，应激是从应激源到认知、应对等中介因素再到行为反应的一个综合作用过程[19]。“体重管理”背景下学习压力正向预测社会支持，且社会支持正向预测情绪化进食行为，社会支持在学习压力与情绪化进食行为间具有部分中介作用，这一结果与以往研究结果不大一致[20]。高强度的学习压力可能直接激发个体主动寻求支持，同时也触发了其社会网络的关怀反应，可能使社会支持水平升高；医学研究生新生处于一个知识密集、竞争激烈、标准严苛的亚文化环境中，“体重管理”能力与其专业能力、意志力等被隐形关联，有研究显示高水平社会支持可能触发该群体社会比较行为[21]。社会比较是指个体通过与相似处境他人比较，从而获得对自己的能力、行为及其结果的评价[22]。社会比较行为容易使个体陷入内卷漩涡，在与他人的比较过程中可能会产生不如别人的挫败感[23]。在学习压力与社会比较挫败的双重作用下，其压力情绪未能得到有效缓冲且不断增加，促使个体情绪化进食行为发生的可能性也随之加大[24]。本研究显示个体的学习压力与进食态度均正向预测情绪化进食行为，且进食态度在学习压力与情绪化进食行为间存在部分中介作用，与以往研究相似[25]。对于医学研究生新生而言，应对学业挑战和进行“体重管理”都需要消耗有限的自我控制资源，学习压力越大，用于“体重管理”的资源就越少，学习压力与“体重管理”失败双重创伤下更易加剧其挫败感，形成不良的进食态度，从而诱发情绪化进食行为。本研究结果表明，社会支持和进食态度在医学研究生新生学习压力与情绪化进食行为间间接效应量较小，但仍存在链式中介作用。在“体重管理”背景下，学习压力不仅直接作用于情绪化进食行为，还触发了较为复杂的心理行为过程。对作为健康维护者的医学研究生新生而言，“体重管理”可能会与学业挑战创设共同压力源，驱使其寻求帮助和支持以应对挑战，预测社会支持水平升高。而在“体重管理”背景下，社会支持的潜在面可能被揭示；高水平社会支持可能错误传递并强化了关于“体重管理”的社会现状，促使医学研究生新生产生社会比较行为，将自我价值的实现与其相关联，在双重压力下形成异常的进食态度，出现以情绪化进食来缓解压力的行为。
综上，本研究提示“体重管理”背景下医学研究生新生学习压力既可以直接关联情绪化进食行为，也可以通过社会支持和进食态度的单独中介作用或链式中介作用间接关联情绪化进食行为。这一结果为医学研究生新生的心理健康干预和体重管理策略提供理论依据，为实现这一目标，需要学校、家庭和社会共同努力，营造有利于学习和体重管理的健康环境，从而促进身心健康的协调发展。本研究仅从横断面角度分析贵州省医学研究生新生学习压力与情绪化进食行为的关系，无法验证因素间因果关系，且样本选择限定在医学研究生新生群体，存在研究结果的普遍适用局限性，因此在未来的研究中可考虑扩大样本规模，采用纵向队列展开研究。此外，本研究意外发现社会支持可能存在“双刃剑”作用，这可能与社会支持的测量工具及来源群体有关，未来研究可针对社会支持来源进行系统分层，以此深入探讨不同社会支持的作用。
基金
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  • 2023年国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310660015)
  • 贵州省教育科学规划课题重点课题(2021A042)
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2026年第53卷第13期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512082
  • 接收时间：2025-12-08
  • 首发时间：2026-09-28
  • 出版时间：2026-07-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-12-08
基金
2023年国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310660015)
贵州省教育科学规划课题重点课题(2021A042)
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    贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院流行病与卫生统计学系，贵州 贵阳 561113

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
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