Article(id=1311349816471413144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349802038821144, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202602089, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1770480000000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579759948, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1783612800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579759948, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579759948, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579759948, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311349802038821144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='13', pageStart='2305', pageEnd='2496', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783612800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579756507, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588376143, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311385955492258162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349802038821144, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311385955496452467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349802038821144, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2341, endPage=2346, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311349816672739737, articleId=1311349816471413144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Multidimensional measurement of frailty index and risk of arthritis:a cohort study based on CHARLS, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationship between the frailty index (FI) and the incidence of arthritis in middle-aged and elderly populations.

Methods

Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database, a total of 1 449 middle-aged and elderly individuals aged ≥45 years who were free of arthritis at baseline in 2011 were enrolled and followed up until 2020. The growth mixture model (GMM) was employed to identify the dynamic trajectories of the frailty index (FI) during the period from 2011 to 2015. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the associations of baseline FI, cumulative average FI, and FI trajectories with the incidence of new-onset arthritis. Restricted cubic spline(RCS) was used to examine the dose-response relationship, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated.

Results

During the follow-up period, 259 cases of new-onset arthritis were reported, with a cumulative incidence rate of 17.87%. The total number of follow-up person-years was 12 672.7 person-years. After adjusting for multiple covariates including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), history of chronic diseases, and laboratory test results, compared with the lowest baseline FI quartile, the highest baseline FI quartile was associated with a 185% increased risk of developing arthritis (HR=2.85, 95% CI: 1.85-4.40, P<0.001). In comparison with the lowest cumulative average FI quartile, the highest cumulative average FI quartile was linked to a 150% increased risk of arthritis (HR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.67-3.74, P<0.001). Additionally, relative to the group with stable low FI levels, the high-level increasing FI group showed a 150% higher risk of arthritis onset (HR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.82-3.43, P<0.001). RCS analysis demonstrated a linear positive correlation between baseline FI and arthritis incidence (P-nonlinear=0.071), whereas a nonlinear relationship was found between cumulative average FI and arthritis occurrence (P-nonlinear=0.019). Kaplan-Meier curves confirmed that the cumulative risk differences in arthritis incidence among the three exposure groups were statistically significant (Log-rank test, all P<0.001).

Conclusion

Frailty is an independent risk factor for the development of arthritis in middle-aged and elderly individuals. For middle-aged and elderly individuals with high FI,attention should be paid to the prevention and screening of arthritis.

, authors=Xian-ting XIA1, Wei-ming WANG1, Ming-hao TONG2, Xiao-feng WU2, Feng XU2, Hua LIN3, Qing WANG2, authorsList=Xian-ting XIA, Wei-ming WANG, Ming-hao TONG, Xiao-feng WU, Feng XU, Hua LIN, Qing WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qing WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311349818165911976, articleId=1311349816471413144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=虚弱指数的多维测量与关节炎发生风险——一项基于CHARLS的队列研究, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨中老年人群虚弱指数(frailty index)与关节炎发生的关系。

方法

利用中国健康与养老追踪调查数据库,纳入2011年基线无关节炎的1 449名≥45岁中老年人,随访至2020年。采用潜类别混合增长模型(growth mixture model,GMM)识别2011—2015年虚弱指数动态轨迹。通过多因素Cox回归分析基线虚弱指数、累积平均虚弱指数及虚弱指数轨迹与新发关节炎的关联,并使用限制性立方样条(restricted cubic splines,RCS)检验剂量-反应关系,并绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线。

结果

随访期间新发关节炎259例,累积发病率17.87%。总随访人年数为12 672.7人年。校正年龄、性别、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、慢性病史、实验室检查等多因素后,与基线虚弱指数最低四分位相比,基线虚弱指数最高四分位发生关节炎的风险增加185%(HR=2.85,95%CI:1.85 ~ 4.40,P<0.001)。与累积平均虚弱指数最低四分位相比,累积平均虚弱指数最高四分位发生关节炎的风险增加150%(HR=2.50,95%CI:1.67~ 3.74,P<0.001)。与虚弱指数低水平平稳组相比,虚弱指数高水平升高组发生关节炎的风险增加150%(HR=2.50,95%CI:1.82 ~ 3.43,P<0.001)。RCS显示基线虚弱指数与关节炎的发生呈线性正相关(P-nonlinear=0.071),累积平均虚弱指数与关节炎发生存在非线性关系(P-nonlinear=0.019)。Kaplan-Meier曲线证实三组暴露与关节炎发生的累积风险差异具有统计学意义(Log-rank均P<0.001)。

结论

虚弱是中老年人群关节炎发生的独立危险因素,对于高虚弱指数中老年人群,应重视关节炎的预防与筛查。

, authors=夏贤霆1, 王卫明1, 童铭豪2, 吴晓峰2, 徐锋2, 林华3, 汪青2, authorsList=夏贤霆, 王卫明, 童铭豪, 吴晓峰, 徐锋, 林华, 汪青, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=汪青, authorNote=

夏贤霆(1988—),男,本科,主治医师,研究方向:骨关节疾病及骨质疏松症的研究

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汪青,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=FqbGenJ63Xp07K0XMdowxw==, magXml=Nx+DSnbUGyvu35dOR2//cw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=lfatkjv9SLXktLooh84KHg==, pdfFileSize=1095973, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Of3I6kGKqKxK0cflkljydQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=eLIs+/URIORdMacrFRHJSw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1311349820120457651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1311349820200149429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, authorId=1311349820120457651, language=EN, stringName=Xian-ting XIA, firstName=Xian-ting, middleName=null, lastName=XIA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=Kunshan Sixth People’s Hospital, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311349820275646902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, authorId=1311349820120457651, language=CN, stringName=夏贤霆, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.昆山市第六人民医院,江苏 昆山 215300, bio={"content":"

夏贤霆(1988—),男,本科,主治医师,研究方向:骨关节疾病及骨质疏松症的研究

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Bone Research, 2023, 11(1): 63., articleTitle=Risk of metabolic abnormalities in osteoarthritis: a new perspective to understand its pathological mechanisms, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1311349825665327597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, awardId=昆卫[2024]9号, language=CN, fundingSource=昆山医学高层次卫生人才项目(昆卫[2024]9号), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311349818388210089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349818396598698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, companyId=1311349818388210089, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Kunshan Sixth People’s Hospital, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349818404987307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, companyId=1311349818388210089, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.昆山市第六人民医院,江苏 昆山 215300)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311349819948491182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349819961074095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, companyId=1311349819948491182, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.昆山市中医医院,江苏 昆山 215300)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311349820044960176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349820057543089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, companyId=1311349820044960176, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.南京大学附属鼓楼医院骨代谢病中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311349822913864159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Flowchart of subject screening, figureFileSmall=OL8dyN65FzQ9VBldm23Qiw==, figureFileBig=Of3I6kGKqKxK0cflkljydQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349824457368032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, language=CN, label=图1, caption=受试者筛选流程图, figureFileSmall=OL8dyN65FzQ9VBldm23Qiw==, figureFileBig=Of3I6kGKqKxK0cflkljydQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349824688054753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=The groups of FI trajectory, figureFileSmall=GOkL7jaKrODu+ajsCELFJA==, figureFileBig=vM62ius6+7ji39gjHRbHsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349824759357922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, language=CN, label=图2, caption=虚弱指数轨迹分组, figureFileSmall=GOkL7jaKrODu+ajsCELFJA==, figureFileBig=vM62ius6+7ji39gjHRbHsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349824847438307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Restricted cubic spline analysis of the relationships between baseline FI, cumulative average FI, and arthritis incidence, figureFileSmall=N7XAP7ExsWCx7bd4EaYkBA==, figureFileBig=JNImopHvvVM8kM9rhhiEKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349824922935780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, language=CN, label=图3, caption=RCS拟合基线虚弱指数、累积平均虚弱指数与关节炎发生的关系, figureFileSmall=N7XAP7ExsWCx7bd4EaYkBA==, figureFileBig=JNImopHvvVM8kM9rhhiEKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349824994238949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Kaplan-Meier curve analysis of baseline FI, cumulative average FI, FI Trajectories, and arthritis incidence, figureFileSmall=0h6BOTa9N3eXX0idoDg4Dw==, figureFileBig=Tb7IpCUOa10eNKls6Gs/fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349825082319334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, language=CN, label=图4, caption=基线虚弱指数、累积平均虚弱指数及轨迹虚弱指数与关节炎发生风险的Kaplan-Meier曲线分析, figureFileSmall=0h6BOTa9N3eXX0idoDg4Dw==, figureFileBig=Tb7IpCUOa10eNKls6Gs/fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349825145233895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

General characteristics of the study population[(), M (P25, P75), n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量未发生关节炎
(n=1 190)
新发关节炎
(n=259)
t/Z/χ2值P值
腰围(cm)84.63±12.3984.03±11.750.72a0.474
优势手的最大握力值(kg)35.24±10.5732.92±11.273.16a0.002
BMI(kg/m2)23.63±3.6323.52±3.290.47a0.642
虚弱指数20117.59(4.24, 11.38)8.82(4.97, 14.40)-5.10b<0.001
虚弱指数20137.81(4.58, 12.92)10.83(5.25, 16.96)-5.08b<0.001
虚弱指数20158.37(4.69, 14.06)11.38(7.31, 17.47)-4.97b<0.001
晚上睡眠时间(h)7.00(6.00, 8.00)6.00(5.00, 8.00)-3.32b<0.001
年龄(岁)57.00(50.00,
63.00)
56.00(50.00, 64.00)-0.01b0.990
累积平均虚弱指数8.33(5.28, 12.64)10.79(6.70, 16.03)-5.48b<0.001
婚姻状态0.000.968
已婚102(8.57)22(8.49)
未婚1 088(91.43)237(91.51)
吸烟现状1.690.430
从不吸烟665(55.88)152(58.69)
目前仍吸烟109(9.16)27(10.42)
过去曾吸烟416(34.96)80(30.89)
BMI(kg/m2)3.750.290
< 18.559(4.96)9(3.47)
18.5 ~ 23.9635(53.36)141(54.44)
24.0 ~ 27.9358(30.08)87(33.59)
≥ 28.0138(11.60)22(8.49)
饮酒现状5.560.062
从不饮酒645(54.20)154(59.46)
目前仍饮酒80(6.72)23(8.88)
过去曾饮酒465(39.08)82(31.66)
跌倒0.290.591
否1 056(88.74)227(87.64)
是133(11.18)32(12.36)
髋骨骨折3.650.056
否1 181(99.24)253(97.68)
是9(0.76)6(2.32)
糖尿病1.670.197
否1 120(94.12)249(96.14)
是70(5.88)10(3.86)
高血压0.760.383
否912(76.64)205(79.15)
是278(23.36)54(20.85)
心脏病0.210.647
否1 077(90.50)232(89.58)
是113(9.50)27(10.42)
中风0.580.446
否1 173(98.57)253(97.68)
是17(1.43)6(2.32)
血脂异常0.010.911
否1 091(91.68)238(91.89)
是99(8.32)21(8.11)
性别5.620.018
女533(44.79)137(52.90)
男657(55.21)122(47.10)
是否退休1.310.252
否1 040(87.39)233(89.96)
是150(12.61)26(10.04)
居住地4.810.028
城市473(39.75)84(32.43)
农村717(60.25)175(67.57)
受教育程度5.120.077
低于初中学历1 002(84.20)232(89.58)
高中和职业培训167(14.03)25(9.65)
高等教育21(1.76)2(0.77)
), ArticleFig(id=1311349825220731368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究人群的一般资料[(),M(P25,P75),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量未发生关节炎
(n=1 190)
新发关节炎
(n=259)
t/Z/χ2值P值
腰围(cm)84.63±12.3984.03±11.750.72a0.474
优势手的最大握力值(kg)35.24±10.5732.92±11.273.16a0.002
BMI(kg/m2)23.63±3.6323.52±3.290.47a0.642
虚弱指数20117.59(4.24, 11.38)8.82(4.97, 14.40)-5.10b<0.001
虚弱指数20137.81(4.58, 12.92)10.83(5.25, 16.96)-5.08b<0.001
虚弱指数20158.37(4.69, 14.06)11.38(7.31, 17.47)-4.97b<0.001
晚上睡眠时间(h)7.00(6.00, 8.00)6.00(5.00, 8.00)-3.32b<0.001
年龄(岁)57.00(50.00,
63.00)
56.00(50.00, 64.00)-0.01b0.990
累积平均虚弱指数8.33(5.28, 12.64)10.79(6.70, 16.03)-5.48b<0.001
婚姻状态0.000.968
已婚102(8.57)22(8.49)
未婚1 088(91.43)237(91.51)
吸烟现状1.690.430
从不吸烟665(55.88)152(58.69)
目前仍吸烟109(9.16)27(10.42)
过去曾吸烟416(34.96)80(30.89)
BMI(kg/m2)3.750.290
< 18.559(4.96)9(3.47)
18.5 ~ 23.9635(53.36)141(54.44)
24.0 ~ 27.9358(30.08)87(33.59)
≥ 28.0138(11.60)22(8.49)
饮酒现状5.560.062
从不饮酒645(54.20)154(59.46)
目前仍饮酒80(6.72)23(8.88)
过去曾饮酒465(39.08)82(31.66)
跌倒0.290.591
否1 056(88.74)227(87.64)
是133(11.18)32(12.36)
髋骨骨折3.650.056
否1 181(99.24)253(97.68)
是9(0.76)6(2.32)
糖尿病1.670.197
否1 120(94.12)249(96.14)
是70(5.88)10(3.86)
高血压0.760.383
否912(76.64)205(79.15)
是278(23.36)54(20.85)
心脏病0.210.647
否1 077(90.50)232(89.58)
是113(9.50)27(10.42)
中风0.580.446
否1 173(98.57)253(97.68)
是17(1.43)6(2.32)
血脂异常0.010.911
否1 091(91.68)238(91.89)
是99(8.32)21(8.11)
性别5.620.018
女533(44.79)137(52.90)
男657(55.21)122(47.10)
是否退休1.310.252
否1 040(87.39)233(89.96)
是150(12.61)26(10.04)
居住地4.810.028
城市473(39.75)84(32.43)
农村717(60.25)175(67.57)
受教育程度5.120.077
低于初中学历1 002(84.20)232(89.58)
高中和职业培训167(14.03)25(9.65)
高等教育21(1.76)2(0.77)
), ArticleFig(id=1311349825325588969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Group model of GMM fitting FI dynamic trajectory from 2011 to 2015

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组数对数似然值参数数量AICBICSABICEntropy组1比例(%)组2比例(%)组3比例(%)LMR P值
1-16 967333 94133 95733 9471100NANA<0.001
2-16 148632 30932 34132 3220.92887.85612.144NA<0.001
3-15 848931 71531 76331 7350.87321.68574.5353.779<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311349825392697834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

GMM拟合2011—2015年虚弱指数动态轨迹的组模型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组数对数似然值参数数量AICBICSABICEntropy组1比例(%)组2比例(%)组3比例(%)LMR P值
1-16 967333 94133 95733 9471100NANA<0.001
2-16 148632 30932 34132 3220.92887.85612.144NA<0.001
3-15 848931 71531 76331 7350.87321.68574.5353.779<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311349825493361131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The relationship between FI and the incidence of arthritis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2模型3
HR (95%CI)P值HR (95%CI)P值HR (95%CI)P值
基线虚弱指数(连续变量)1.03 (1.02 ~ 1.05)<0.0011.03 (1.02 ~ 1.05)<0.0011.03 (1.02 ~ 1.05)<0.001
基线虚弱指数(分组变量)
Q 11.00 (Reference)1.00 (Reference)1.00 (Reference)
Q 22.00 (1.31 ~ 3.04)0.0012.03 (1.33 ~ 3.10)<0.0011.97 (1.29 ~ 3.00)0.002
Q 31.92 (1.27 ~ 2.93)0.0021.97 (1.29 ~ 3.00)0.0021.98 (1.29 ~ 3.04)0.002
Q 42.74 (1.83 ~ 4.09)<0.0012.81 (1.86 ~ 4.24)<0.0012.85 (1.85 ~ 4.40)<0.001
Per-SD increased1.31 (1.17 ~ 1.47)<0.0011.32 (1.18 ~ 1.49)<0.0011.33 (1.18 ~ 1.51)<0.001
累积虚弱指数(连续变量)1.04 (1.02 ~ 1.05)<0.0011.04 (1.03 ~ 1.06)<0.0011.04 (1.03 ~ 1.06)<0.001
累积虚弱指数(分组变量)1.32 (1.18 ~ 1.48)<0.0011.34 (1.19 ~ 1.51)<0.0011.37 (1.21 ~ 1.56)<0.001
Q 11.00 (Reference)1.00 (Reference)1.00 (Reference)
Q 21.23 (0.82 ~ 1.85)0.3111.27 (0.84 ~ 1.91)0.2551.26 (0.84 ~ 1.90)0.273
Q 31.85 (1.27 ~ 2.70)0.0011.90 (1.30 ~ 2.78)<0.0011.96 (1.33 ~ 2.90)<0.001
Q 42.24 (1.56 ~ 3.23)<0.0012.34 (1.61 ~ 3.41)<0.0012.50 (1.67 ~ 3.74)<0.001
Per-SD increased1.32 (1.18 ~ 1.48)<0.0011.34 (1.19 ~ 1.51)<0.0011.38 (1.21 ~ 1.56)<0.001
虚弱指数轨迹
低水平平稳组1.00 (Reference)1.00 (Reference)1.00 (Reference)
高水平上升组2.30 (1.74 ~ 3.05)<0.0012.41 (1.79 ~ 3.25)<0.0012.50 (1.82 ~ 3.43)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311349825568858604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349816471413144, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

虚弱指数与关节炎发生的关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2模型3
HR (95%CI)P值HR (95%CI)P值HR (95%CI)P值
基线虚弱指数(连续变量)1.03 (1.02 ~ 1.05)<0.0011.03 (1.02 ~ 1.05)<0.0011.03 (1.02 ~ 1.05)<0.001
基线虚弱指数(分组变量)
Q 11.00 (Reference)1.00 (Reference)1.00 (Reference)
Q 22.00 (1.31 ~ 3.04)0.0012.03 (1.33 ~ 3.10)<0.0011.97 (1.29 ~ 3.00)0.002
Q 31.92 (1.27 ~ 2.93)0.0021.97 (1.29 ~ 3.00)0.0021.98 (1.29 ~ 3.04)0.002
Q 42.74 (1.83 ~ 4.09)<0.0012.81 (1.86 ~ 4.24)<0.0012.85 (1.85 ~ 4.40)<0.001
Per-SD increased1.31 (1.17 ~ 1.47)<0.0011.32 (1.18 ~ 1.49)<0.0011.33 (1.18 ~ 1.51)<0.001
累积虚弱指数(连续变量)1.04 (1.02 ~ 1.05)<0.0011.04 (1.03 ~ 1.06)<0.0011.04 (1.03 ~ 1.06)<0.001
累积虚弱指数(分组变量)1.32 (1.18 ~ 1.48)<0.0011.34 (1.19 ~ 1.51)<0.0011.37 (1.21 ~ 1.56)<0.001
Q 11.00 (Reference)1.00 (Reference)1.00 (Reference)
Q 21.23 (0.82 ~ 1.85)0.3111.27 (0.84 ~ 1.91)0.2551.26 (0.84 ~ 1.90)0.273
Q 31.85 (1.27 ~ 2.70)0.0011.90 (1.30 ~ 2.78)<0.0011.96 (1.33 ~ 2.90)<0.001
Q 42.24 (1.56 ~ 3.23)<0.0012.34 (1.61 ~ 3.41)<0.0012.50 (1.67 ~ 3.74)<0.001
Per-SD increased1.32 (1.18 ~ 1.48)<0.0011.34 (1.19 ~ 1.51)<0.0011.38 (1.21 ~ 1.56)<0.001
虚弱指数轨迹
低水平平稳组1.00 (Reference)1.00 (Reference)1.00 (Reference)
高水平上升组2.30 (1.74 ~ 3.05)<0.0012.41 (1.79 ~ 3.25)<0.0012.50 (1.82 ~ 3.43)<0.001
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虚弱指数的多维测量与关节炎发生风险——一项基于CHARLS的队列研究
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夏贤霆 1 , 王卫明 1 , 童铭豪 2 , 吴晓峰 2 , 徐锋 2 , 林华 3 , 汪青 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(13): 2341-2346
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (13) : 2341 -2346
虚弱指数的多维测量与关节炎发生风险——一项基于CHARLS的队列研究
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夏贤霆1, 王卫明1, 童铭豪2, 吴晓峰2, 徐锋2, 林华3, 汪青2
作者信息
  • 1.昆山市第六人民医院,江苏 昆山 215300
  • 2.昆山市中医医院,江苏 昆山 215300
  • 3.南京大学附属鼓楼医院骨代谢病中心
通讯作者:
汪青,E-mail:
作者简介:

夏贤霆(1988—),男,本科,主治医师,研究方向:骨关节疾病及骨质疏松症的研究

Multidimensional measurement of frailty index and risk of arthritis:a cohort study based on CHARLS
Xian-ting XIA1, Wei-ming WANG1, Ming-hao TONG2, Xiao-feng WU2, Feng XU2, Hua LIN3, Qing WANG2
Affiliations
  • Kunshan Sixth People’s Hospital, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China
出版时间: 2026-07-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202602089
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目的

探讨中老年人群虚弱指数(frailty index)与关节炎发生的关系。

方法

利用中国健康与养老追踪调查数据库,纳入2011年基线无关节炎的1 449名≥45岁中老年人,随访至2020年。采用潜类别混合增长模型(growth mixture model,GMM)识别2011—2015年虚弱指数动态轨迹。通过多因素Cox回归分析基线虚弱指数、累积平均虚弱指数及虚弱指数轨迹与新发关节炎的关联,并使用限制性立方样条(restricted cubic splines,RCS)检验剂量-反应关系,并绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线。

结果

随访期间新发关节炎259例,累积发病率17.87%。总随访人年数为12 672.7人年。校正年龄、性别、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、慢性病史、实验室检查等多因素后,与基线虚弱指数最低四分位相比,基线虚弱指数最高四分位发生关节炎的风险增加185%(HR=2.85,95%CI:1.85 ~ 4.40,P<0.001)。与累积平均虚弱指数最低四分位相比,累积平均虚弱指数最高四分位发生关节炎的风险增加150%(HR=2.50,95%CI:1.67~ 3.74,P<0.001)。与虚弱指数低水平平稳组相比,虚弱指数高水平升高组发生关节炎的风险增加150%(HR=2.50,95%CI:1.82 ~ 3.43,P<0.001)。RCS显示基线虚弱指数与关节炎的发生呈线性正相关(P-nonlinear=0.071),累积平均虚弱指数与关节炎发生存在非线性关系(P-nonlinear=0.019)。Kaplan-Meier曲线证实三组暴露与关节炎发生的累积风险差异具有统计学意义(Log-rank均P<0.001)。

结论

虚弱是中老年人群关节炎发生的独立危险因素,对于高虚弱指数中老年人群,应重视关节炎的预防与筛查。

虚弱指数  /  累积平均虚弱指数  /  虚弱指数轨迹  /  关节炎  /  CHARLS数据库
Objective

To explore the relationship between the frailty index (FI) and the incidence of arthritis in middle-aged and elderly populations.

Methods

Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database, a total of 1 449 middle-aged and elderly individuals aged ≥45 years who were free of arthritis at baseline in 2011 were enrolled and followed up until 2020. The growth mixture model (GMM) was employed to identify the dynamic trajectories of the frailty index (FI) during the period from 2011 to 2015. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the associations of baseline FI, cumulative average FI, and FI trajectories with the incidence of new-onset arthritis. Restricted cubic spline(RCS) was used to examine the dose-response relationship, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated.

Results

During the follow-up period, 259 cases of new-onset arthritis were reported, with a cumulative incidence rate of 17.87%. The total number of follow-up person-years was 12 672.7 person-years. After adjusting for multiple covariates including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), history of chronic diseases, and laboratory test results, compared with the lowest baseline FI quartile, the highest baseline FI quartile was associated with a 185% increased risk of developing arthritis (HR=2.85, 95% CI: 1.85-4.40, P<0.001). In comparison with the lowest cumulative average FI quartile, the highest cumulative average FI quartile was linked to a 150% increased risk of arthritis (HR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.67-3.74, P<0.001). Additionally, relative to the group with stable low FI levels, the high-level increasing FI group showed a 150% higher risk of arthritis onset (HR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.82-3.43, P<0.001). RCS analysis demonstrated a linear positive correlation between baseline FI and arthritis incidence (P-nonlinear=0.071), whereas a nonlinear relationship was found between cumulative average FI and arthritis occurrence (P-nonlinear=0.019). Kaplan-Meier curves confirmed that the cumulative risk differences in arthritis incidence among the three exposure groups were statistically significant (Log-rank test, all P<0.001).

Conclusion

Frailty is an independent risk factor for the development of arthritis in middle-aged and elderly individuals. For middle-aged and elderly individuals with high FI,attention should be paid to the prevention and screening of arthritis.

Frailty index  /  Cumulative average frailty index  /  Frailty index trajectory  /  Arthritis  /  CHARLS database
夏贤霆, 王卫明, 童铭豪, 吴晓峰, 徐锋, 林华, 汪青. 虚弱指数的多维测量与关节炎发生风险——一项基于CHARLS的队列研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (13) : 2341 -2346 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202602089
Xian-ting XIA, Wei-ming WANG, Ming-hao TONG, Xiao-feng WU, Feng XU, Hua LIN, Qing WANG. Multidimensional measurement of frailty index and risk of arthritis:a cohort study based on CHARLS[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (13) : 2341 -2346 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202602089
关节炎是全球范围内导致老年人疼痛、残疾及生活质量下降的主要慢性疾病之一,随着中国人口老龄化进程加速,关节炎疾病负担日益加重[1-2]。既往研究提示,虚弱作为增龄相关的多维失能状态,可能通过系统性炎症、肌肉功能衰退及代谢紊乱等机制,加速关节退行性变并增加关节炎发生风险[3-4]。虚弱指数(frailty index)基于缺陷累积模型构建,综合纳入自报疾病、躯体功能障碍、临床症状及实验室指标异常等30个健康缺陷项目,可有效反映个体生理储备的丧失程度,是预测老年不良结局的稳健工具[5]。研究表明,虚弱与关节炎关系密切,两者共病在临床上常见。尽管既往研究已通过观察性设计及孟德尔随机化初步揭示虚弱与关节炎的关联[6],但这些研究多采用单一时间点测量,未能捕捉虚弱状态的时序动态特征及其累积暴露效应。关节炎作为慢性退行性疾病,其发生发展涉及长期病理累积过程,因此研究暴露因素的累积效应与动态变化,具有重要的意义。本研究利用中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retrement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)2011—2020年数据,旨在通过三种互补的虚弱指数测量策略,从时点暴露、累积负担及动态轨迹三个层面,系统评估虚弱与关节炎发生的关联模式,以强化虚弱-关节炎关联的证据强度,并为关节炎风险分层提供多维度的流行病学依据。
CHARLS数据库是一项大型长期追踪调查项目,旨在建立一套代表中国45岁及以上中老年人群的高质量微观数据库,用于研究中国人口老龄化及相关健康、经济与社会议题。本研究是一项利用CHARLS数据库进行的关于关节炎的纵向队列研究。CHARLS调查已经过北京大学生物医学伦理审查委员会批准(IRB00001052-11015)。纳入标准:2011年基线无关节炎的人群。排除标准:(1)年龄<45周岁或者年龄数据缺失;(2)2013—2015年发生关节炎,2018—2020年关节炎随访资料缺失;(3)2011、2013及2015年,虚弱指数缺失;(4)2011年基线协变量数据,如身高、体重、性别、慢性病史(糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常、中风、心脏病)等数据缺失。筛选方法见图1。
本研究的暴露因素是虚弱。而虚弱指数是一种用于量化老年人“虚弱”程度的评分工具,本文中虚弱指数采用CHARLS数据库的数据构建,用于量化与年龄相关的健康缺陷的累积,选取了32个变量,涵盖身体功能、认知心理学和疾病状况。其中认知评分被处理为连续变量,取值范围为0~1,而其余变量则根据特定的截止值转换为二进制变量(0或1)。其中,0表示不存在健康缺陷,1表示存在健康缺陷。通过将所有健康缺陷相加,除以32,再乘以100来计算虚弱指数。因此,虚弱指数值范围为0~100,数值越高表示虚弱程度越严重[7]。
本研究中,使用三种方法描述虚弱指数。(1)基线虚弱指数:取2011年虚弱指数,并由低到高进行四分位分组,Q1(虚弱指数<4.35)、Q2(4.35≤虚弱指数<7.70)、Q3(7.70≤虚弱指数<12.05)、Q4(虚弱指数≥12.05)。(2)累积平均虚弱指数:对 2011、2013和2015年三次调查的虚弱指数值进行算术平均,即累积平均FI=(FI2011+ FI2013+ FI2015)/3(FI为虚弱指数),并由低到高进行四分位分组,Q1(累积平均虚弱指数<5.47)、Q2(5.47≤累积平均虚弱指数<8.78)、Q3(8.78≤累积平均虚弱指数<13.28)、Q4(累积平均虚弱指数≥13.28)。(3)虚弱指数轨迹:基于潜类别混合增长模型(growth mixture model,GMM),分为虚弱指数低水平稳定组及虚弱指数高水平升高组。结局指标为关节炎。关节炎定义为:基于基线与随访调查的自我报告,调查人员询问受访者“是否有医生曾经告诉过您有关节炎?”,受访者回答“是”即患有关节炎。本研究中根据2013—2020年的随访结果,任一随访时间点回答为“是”即定义为新发关节炎,分为无关节炎组及新发关节炎组。
(1)人口学特征:年龄、性别、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、腰围、是否退休、居住地、受教育程度(低于初中学历、高中和职业培训、高等教育)、婚姻状态(已婚、未婚)、吸烟现状(从不吸烟、目前仍吸烟、过去曾吸烟)、饮酒现状(从不饮酒、目前仍饮酒、过去曾饮酒)、优势手的最大握力值、夜间睡眠时间、跌倒史、髋部骨折史。(2)慢性病史:糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常、心脏病、中风。
本研究采用SPSS 25.0及R(4.4.2)统计软件进行数据分析。符合正态分布的连续变量使用()表示,组间采用t检验。不符合正态分布连续变量以中位数M(Q1,Q3)表示,组间采用秩和检验。分类变量采用百分比(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。使用R(4.4.2)的LCMM包进行GMM拟合。设定时间变量为调查年份(2011、2013、2015),因变量为虚弱指数得分。采用线性模型拟合时间趋势,允许截距和斜率在类别间自由估计。最大迭代次数设为500,收敛标准设为0.000 1。GMM通过有限混合模型与最大似然估计,识别具有相似发展模式的同质亚群。模型拟合优度主要依据贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criterion,BIC)最低、熵值(Entropy)>0.6、每组样本量≥5 % 总样本、以及轨迹的临床可解释性综合判定最优组数。使用Cox回归模型分别分析基线虚弱指数,累积平均虚弱指数及虚弱指数轨迹与关节炎发生的相关性。使用限制性立方样条(restricted cubic splines,RCS)拟合基线虚弱指数,累积平均虚弱指数与关节炎发生的关系。绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线。检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共纳入研究人群共1 449例,随访期间共新发关节炎259例,发病率17.87%,总随访人年数为12 672.7人年。两组间虚弱指数2011、虚弱指数2013、虚弱指数2015、优势手的最大握力值、晚上睡眠时间、累积平均虚弱指数、性别、居住地的差异具有统计学意义。见表1。
采用GMM拟合2011—2015年虚弱指数动态轨迹,比较1~3组模型,见表2。尽管3组模型的BIC更低,但其Entropy降至0.873,且第3组样本量过小(<5%),因此选用2组模型。分为低水平稳定组及高水平升高组,见图2。
以新发关节炎作为因变量,分别以基线虚弱指数、累积平均虚弱指数及虚弱指数轨迹作为自变量,基于既往研究的先验知识,并结合单因素分析(P<0.1)作为条件纳入协变量,行多因素Cox回归分析。结果表明,在校正协变量后,基线虚弱指数、累积平均虚弱指数及虚弱指数轨迹均与关节炎的发生具有相关性。与基线虚弱指数最低四分位相比,基线虚弱指数最高四分位发生关节炎的风险增加185%。与累积平均虚弱指数最低四分位相比,累积平均虚弱指数最高四分位发生关节炎的风险增加150%。与虚弱指数低水平平稳组相比,虚弱指数高水平升高组发生关节炎的风险增加150%。见表3。
应用RCS曲线分析发现,基线虚弱指数与关节炎发生存在线性正相关关系(P for overall<0.001,P for nonlinear=0.071),累积平均虚弱指数与关节炎发生存在非线性关系(P for overall<0.001,P for nonlinear=0.019)。见图3。
Kaplan-Meier曲线分析发现,高水平基线虚弱指数及累积平均虚弱指数组的累积发病风险明显高于低水平组,虚弱指数高水平升高组的累积发病风险明显高于虚弱指数低水平稳定组。见图4。
本研究利用CHARLS纵向队列数据,系统评估了虚弱指数三种测量方式(基线、累积平均及动态轨迹)与中老年人群新发关节炎的关联。结果表明,无论采用何种测量策略,虚弱均是关节炎的独立危险因素,且效应量高度一致,这一结果在校正年龄、性别、BMI、慢性病史及握力等混杂因素后依然稳健。基线虚弱指数、累积平均虚弱指数与虚弱指数轨迹三者从“时点-负担-趋势”不同维度刻画虚弱暴露,却在效应估计上呈现高度趋同,这强化了虚弱-关节炎关联的因果推断强度。基线测量捕捉的是个体进入队列时易感性的瞬时特性[8],累积测量反映的是五年观察期内持续暴露的总负担[9],而轨迹模型则识别出“低水平平稳”与“高水平恶化”两种异质性进展模式[10]。三者结果一致提示,无论是瞬时状态、长期负担还是动态恶化,虚弱均稳定地预测关节炎风险,这种跨方法学的可重复性极大降低了单一测量策略可能带来的偶然性发现或偏倚风险。
虚弱通过多系统缺陷累积加速关节炎发生:首先,系统性炎症级联。虚弱指数包含CRP、白细胞等炎症指标,慢性低度炎症既可破软骨基质,又可激活滑膜成纤维细胞,是骨关节炎与类风湿关节炎的共同通路[11-12]。长期存在的炎性微环境会诱导软骨细胞自身分泌白介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α,形成炎症自我放大环路,加速基质降解[13-14]。其次,肌肉-关节单元功能失调。虚弱指数中握力、步速等躯体功能指标下降,导致关节生物力学负荷异常,软骨应力分布不均加速退变[15-16]。同时,肌肉作为内分泌器官,其萎缩会减少肌因子分泌,削弱对软骨的营养保护作用,加剧关节失稳[17]。最后,代谢-内分泌-免疫交互网络。虚弱指数涵盖糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常等代谢缺陷,胰岛素抵抗与血脂紊乱可诱发软骨细胞衰老与凋亡[18-19]。高血糖通过糖基化终末产物交联软骨基质,而异常脂蛋白则引发软骨细胞线粒体功能障碍与氧化应激,最终激活p53/p21衰老通路,导致细胞过早凋亡[20]。血脂过高时,甘油三酯的分解和代谢增加,导致血液中饱和脂肪酸水平升高,饱和脂肪酸可增加糖胺聚糖、白介素-6和聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶的表达,促进软骨细胞自噬,降低软骨细胞的存活率[21]。
本研究结果为关节炎的早期预防提供了基于虚弱状态的全新研究视角。在临床实践中,针对中老年虚弱人群,应强化骨关节健康的监测与干预措施,具体包括定期开展关节功能评估、提供个性化运动及营养干预,以及推行抗炎导向的生活方式建议。从公共卫生维度来看,社区虚弱状态筛查项目可与关节炎风险教育有机整合,针对虚弱指数偏高的人群,制定并实施针对性骨关节保护策略,进一步拓展关节炎防控的应用场景与实效。优点:首先,CHARLS队列具有全国代表性,覆盖28个省份,增强了研究结果的推广性;其次,纵向设计明确了虚弱指数与关节炎的时序关系,为因果推断提供了更强证据;最后,本研究使用了基线虚弱指数、累积平均虚弱指数及虚弱指数轨迹,分别从基线瞬时、长期负担及动态变化三个层面进行分析,增强了结果的可靠性。本研究亦存在一定的不足之处。一方面,关节炎的诊断基于自我报告,缺乏临床或影像学确诊,关节炎的分型不明确,可能存在分类偏倚。另一方面,关节炎的发病机制可涉及遗传易感性、职业因素、营养水平等诸多复杂因素,鉴于 CHARLS 研究未对上述因素开展调研,且部分数据缺失严重,可能导致研究存在潜在偏倚。
本研究证实,基线虚弱指数、累积平均虚弱指数及虚弱指数轨迹三种测量策略均与关节炎发生独立相关,提示无论瞬时状态、长期负担还是动态恶化,虚弱均稳定预测关节炎风险。其次,本研究识别出虚弱指数高水平升高组为关节炎极高危人群,其发病风险是低水平平稳组的2.5倍。这一发现支持将虚弱指数动态监测纳入中老年健康管理,通过早期识别虚弱加速恶化者实现关节炎的精准预防。未来需开展多中心前瞻性研究,进一步验证虚弱与关节炎的因果关系,并探索基于虚弱指数分层的干预策略。
  • 昆山医学高层次卫生人才项目(昆卫[2024]9号)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202602089
  • 接收时间:2026-02-08
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2026-02-08
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昆山医学高层次卫生人才项目(昆卫[2024]9号)
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    1.昆山市第六人民医院,江苏 昆山 215300
    2.昆山市中医医院,江苏 昆山 215300
    3.南京大学附属鼓楼医院骨代谢病中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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