Article(id=1311349802760237536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349802038821144, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512449, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1766937600000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579756679, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1783612800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579756679, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579756679, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579756679, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311349802038821144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='13', pageStart='2305', pageEnd='2496', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783612800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579756507, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588376143, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311385955492258162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349802038821144, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311385955496452467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349802038821144, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2333, endPage=2340, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311349802936398305, articleId=1311349802760237536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Serum metabolomic profiling in the population with hyperuricemia in Chongqing and the mediating role of gut microbiota-related metabolites in the association between drinking and hyperuricemia, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To characterize the serum metabolomic profile of hyperuricemia (HUA) in a natural population from Chongqing, identify gut microbiota-related metabolites among the differential metabolites, and explore their mediating role in the association between drinking frequency and HUA, so as to provide evidence for intervention.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was based on serum samples from 403 participants in Chongqing at the baseline stage of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort(CMEC) in Southwest China. Untargeted metabolomics was used to identify serum metabolites. Differential metabolites were screened according to fold change and variable importance in projection (VIP), and pathway enrichment analysis was performed based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Gut microbiota-related metabolites were identified among the differential metabolites according to the literature and compound annotation, and were further screened using multiple linear regression. Correlation analyses were then conducted between these metabolites, clinical phenotypes, and drinking frequency. Logistic regression and mediation analysis were used to investigate the role of metabolites in the association between drinking frequency and HUA.

Results

A total of 56 differential metabolites were identified, mainly enriched in primary bile acid biosynthesis, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and arginine biosynthesis. Multiple linear regression identified 15 gut microbiota-related metabolites with statistical significance, including indole-3-propionic acid and indoleacetylglutamine. Indoleacetylglutamine was positively correlated with uric acid, creatinine, and other clinical indicators, and showed a mediating effect (indirect effect: 0.006, 95% CI: 0.001-0.014; proportion mediated: 7.3%).

Conclusion

Patients with HUA exhibited alterations in their metabolic profile. The screened gut microbiota-related metabolites, such as indoleacetylglutamine, may play a role in the association between drinking frequency and HUA. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota and its related metabolites may help reduce HUA associated with drinking habits and metabolic alterations, and may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for HUA patients with drinking habits.

, authors=Yu-qi ZHANG1, Yi CAO1, Hao-peng YU2, Wen-ge TANG3, Xian-bin DING3, Li-ling CHEN3, Jing-ru XU3, Xing ZHAO1, Pei-bin ZENG1, authorsList=Yu-qi ZHANG, Yi CAO, Hao-peng YU, Wen-ge TANG, Xian-bin DING, Li-ling CHEN, Jing-ru XU, Xing ZHAO, Pei-bin ZENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Pei-bin ZENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311349804320518638, articleId=1311349802760237536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=重庆市高尿酸血症人群的血清代谢组特征及肠道菌群相关代谢物在饮酒与高尿酸血症中的中介作用, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

描述重庆市自然人群高尿酸血症(hyperuricemia,HUA)的血清代谢组特征,并在差异代谢物中筛选出肠道菌群相关的代谢物,探究其在饮酒频率与HUA的中介作用,为干预提供依据。

方法

基于中国西南地区自然人群研究基线阶段重庆地区403名参与者的血清样本开展横断面研究。采用非靶向代谢组学鉴定血清代谢物,结合倍数变化和变量重要性筛选差异代谢物,并基于京都基因与基因组百科全书数据库进行通路富集分析;通过文献和化合物注释将差异代谢物归类出肠道菌群相关代谢物,并通过多重线性回归进一步筛选,将结果与临床表型及饮酒频率进行相关性分析; logistic回归及中介分析探讨代谢物在饮酒频率与HUA之间的关系。

结果

共鉴定出56种差异代谢物,主要富集于初级胆汁酸生物合成、戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸盐的相互转化、精氨酸生物合成等通路。多重线性回归筛选15种有统计学意义的肠道菌群相关代谢物,如吲哚-3-丙酸、吲哚乙酰谷氨酰胺。吲哚乙酰谷氨酰胺与尿酸、肌酐等呈正相关,具有中介作用(间接效应:0.006,95%CI:0.001~0.014,中介占比7.3%)。

结论

HUA患者存在代谢谱改变,所筛选的肠道菌群相关的代谢物如吲哚乙酰谷氨酰胺可能在饮酒频率与HUA中起到作用,干预肠道菌群及其相关代谢物,或可减少饮酒习惯和代谢改变引起的HUA,为具有饮酒习惯的HUA患者提供治疗新策略。

, authors=张宇骐1, 曹易1, 于浩澎2, 唐文革3, 丁贤彬3, 陈莉玲3, 许静茹3, 赵星1, 曾沛斌1, authorsList=张宇骐, 曹易, 于浩澎, 唐文革, 丁贤彬, 陈莉玲, 许静茹, 赵星, 曾沛斌, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=曾沛斌, authorNote=

张宇骐(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:微生物、公众健康与检验

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曾沛斌,E-mail:
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FASEB Journal, 2025, 39(11): e70574., articleTitle=Multifaceted role of Microbiota-Derived indole-3-Acetic acid in human diseases and its potential clinical application, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1311349811970929209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349802760237536, awardId=2024ZYD0098, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省科技厅-中央引导地方科技发展项目(2024ZYD0098), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311349804534428143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349802760237536, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349804538622448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349802760237536, companyId=1311349804534428143, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349804547011057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349802760237536, companyId=1311349804534428143, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311349804609925618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349802760237536, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349804618314227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349802760237536, companyId=1311349804609925618, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.四川大学华西医院华西生物医学大数据中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311349804668645876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349802760237536, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349804677034485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349802760237536, companyId=1311349804668645876, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.重庆市疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311349809253020205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349802760237536, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Serum metabolomic analysis of the HUA group and the normal group, figureFileSmall=VcRIRYur+P8l/OhLjz/ZVQ==, figureFileBig=9ecFQFfMTshC5VreemrSHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349809328517678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349802760237536, language=CN, label=图1, caption=HUA组与正常组的血清代谢组分析

注:A为PLS-DA得分图;B为PLS-DA模型的500次置换检验结果;C为差异代谢物筛选火山图;D为差异代谢物KEGG通路富集气泡图,横坐标为通路影响值(pathway impact),纵坐标为富集显著性水平[log (FDR)];气泡大小代表通路影响值,颜色表示显著性水平。

, figureFileSmall=VcRIRYur+P8l/OhLjz/ZVQ==, figureFileBig=9ecFQFfMTshC5VreemrSHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349811115291183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349802760237536, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=HUA-related gut microbiota-related differential metabolites and their relationships with clinical phenotypes and drinking frequency, figureFileSmall=OOILwM104R/91HAPVTq9yQ==, figureFileBig=9nIMllqfVL/EV2TowTn6pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349811178205744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349802760237536, language=CN, label=图2, caption=HUA相关肠源性差异代谢物及其与临床表型和饮酒频率的关系

注:图A为多重线性回归筛选的肠道菌群相关代谢物,模型调整了性别、年龄、BMI、吸烟状况;图B为肠道菌群相关代谢物与临床表型及饮酒频率的关系,颜色代表相关系数大小,颜色越红表示正相关越强,颜色越蓝表示负相关越强;*P<0.05;**P<0.01;***P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=OOILwM104R/91HAPVTq9yQ==, figureFileBig=9nIMllqfVL/EV2TowTn6pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349811266286129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349802760237536, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Mediating effect and pathway model of metabolites in alcohol consumption frequency and HUA, figureFileSmall=Ojc/a3SxLMg6Xc+bOPbq/w==, figureFileBig=lCQZlwUEG3mYxaQIEraH6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349811358560818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349802760237536, language=CN, label=图3, caption=代谢物在饮酒频率与HUA中的中介效应及路径模型

注:显著性以星号标注(* P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Ojc/a3SxLMg6Xc+bOPbq/w==, figureFileBig=lCQZlwUEG3mYxaQIEraH6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349811434058291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349802760237536, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics of hyperuricemia group and normal group [n(%), M (P25, P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本特征HUA组(n=68)正常组(n=335)效应量P值
性别30.479<0.001
女性13 (19.1)190 (56.7)
男性55 (80.9)145 (43.3)
年龄(岁)51.00 (43.00, 59.00)49.00 (43.00, 57.50)11 762.50.671
BMI (kg/m2)26.41 (24.61, 27.96)23.74 (22.17, 26.27)15 975.5<0.001
肌酐(μmol/L)81.00 (74.00, 91.00)64.00 (57.00, 76.50)17 380.5<0.001
尿素 (mmol/L)5.15 (4.38, 6.00)4.90 (4.10, 5.80)12 693.50.136
尿酸(μmol/L)455.00 (426.75, 493.75)290.00 (248.00, 332.50)22 482<0.001
尿比密1.02 (1.02, 1.02)1.02 (1.02, 1.02)11 8530.466
尿酸碱度(UpH)6.00 (5.50, 6.50)6.00 (5.50, 6.50)9 800.50.085
吸烟6.3910.012
无45 (66.2)271 (80.9)
有23 (33.8)64 (19.1)
饮酒频率0.001
几乎不喝酒43 (63.2)272 (81.2)
一周少于1天4 (5.9)16 (4.8)
一周1~2天4 (5.9)20 (6.0)
一周3~5天6 (8.8)8 (2.4)
几乎每天11 (16.2)19 (5.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1311349811505361460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349802760237536, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

HUA人群和正常人群基本特征[n(%),M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本特征HUA组(n=68)正常组(n=335)效应量P值
性别30.479<0.001
女性13 (19.1)190 (56.7)
男性55 (80.9)145 (43.3)
年龄(岁)51.00 (43.00, 59.00)49.00 (43.00, 57.50)11 762.50.671
BMI (kg/m2)26.41 (24.61, 27.96)23.74 (22.17, 26.27)15 975.5<0.001
肌酐(μmol/L)81.00 (74.00, 91.00)64.00 (57.00, 76.50)17 380.5<0.001
尿素 (mmol/L)5.15 (4.38, 6.00)4.90 (4.10, 5.80)12 693.50.136
尿酸(μmol/L)455.00 (426.75, 493.75)290.00 (248.00, 332.50)22 482<0.001
尿比密1.02 (1.02, 1.02)1.02 (1.02, 1.02)11 8530.466
尿酸碱度(UpH)6.00 (5.50, 6.50)6.00 (5.50, 6.50)9 800.50.085
吸烟6.3910.012
无45 (66.2)271 (80.9)
有23 (33.8)64 (19.1)
饮酒频率0.001
几乎不喝酒43 (63.2)272 (81.2)
一周少于1天4 (5.9)16 (4.8)
一周1~2天4 (5.9)20 (6.0)
一周3~5天6 (8.8)8 (2.4)
几乎每天11 (16.2)19 (5.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1311349811597636149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349802760237536, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Selected differential metabolites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
代谢物英文名调控方向VIPFC
间苯二酚单乙酸酯Resorcinol monoacetate下调1.0990.252
吲哚-3-丙酸Indole-3-propionic acid下调1.5240.302
尿胆素A-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷Urolithin A-3-O-glucuronide下调1.2450.319
二氢-3-(2-辛烯基)-2,5-呋喃二酮Dihydro-3-(2-octenyl)-2,5-furandione下调1.6610.454
钌铱酮Rutacridone下调1.3770.581
4-乙基苯基硫酸铵盐4-Ethylphenylsulfate上调1.3953.531
环N-乙酰血清素葡糖苷酸Cyclic N-Acetylserotonin glucuronide上调1.2602.940
甘油单酯(18:1)MAG(18:1)上调1.4492.203
熊果胆酸Ursocholic Acid上调1.7182.144
L-茶氨酸L-Theanine上调1.1092.013
), ArticleFig(id=1311349811664745014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349802760237536, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

部分差异代谢物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
代谢物英文名调控方向VIPFC
间苯二酚单乙酸酯Resorcinol monoacetate下调1.0990.252
吲哚-3-丙酸Indole-3-propionic acid下调1.5240.302
尿胆素A-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷Urolithin A-3-O-glucuronide下调1.2450.319
二氢-3-(2-辛烯基)-2,5-呋喃二酮Dihydro-3-(2-octenyl)-2,5-furandione下调1.6610.454
钌铱酮Rutacridone下调1.3770.581
4-乙基苯基硫酸铵盐4-Ethylphenylsulfate上调1.3953.531
环N-乙酰血清素葡糖苷酸Cyclic N-Acetylserotonin glucuronide上调1.2602.940
甘油单酯(18:1)MAG(18:1)上调1.4492.203
熊果胆酸Ursocholic Acid上调1.7182.144
L-茶氨酸L-Theanine上调1.1092.013
), ArticleFig(id=1311349811765408311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349802760237536, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of the association between drinking frequency and HUA

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
饮酒频率模型1模型2模型3
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
一周不到1天1.581(0.437~4.556)0.4311.260(0.323~3.969)0.7121.277(0.324~4.073)0.699
一周1~2天1.265(0.356~3.541)0.6810.837(0.214~2.635)0.7760.803(0.200~2.592)0.732
一周3~5天4.744(1.498~14.314)0.0064.676(1.412~14.736)0.0094.518(1.363~14.420)0.010
几乎每天3.662(1.588~8.129)0.0022.970(1.149~7.516)0.0222.788(1.057~7.200)0.034
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饮酒频率与HUA的logistic回归

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饮酒频率模型1模型2模型3
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
一周不到1天1.581(0.437~4.556)0.4311.260(0.323~3.969)0.7121.277(0.324~4.073)0.699
一周1~2天1.265(0.356~3.541)0.6810.837(0.214~2.635)0.7760.803(0.200~2.592)0.732
一周3~5天4.744(1.498~14.314)0.0064.676(1.412~14.736)0.0094.518(1.363~14.420)0.010
几乎每天3.662(1.588~8.129)0.0022.970(1.149~7.516)0.0222.788(1.057~7.200)0.034
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重庆市高尿酸血症人群的血清代谢组特征及肠道菌群相关代谢物在饮酒与高尿酸血症中的中介作用
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张宇骐 1 , 曹易 1 , 于浩澎 2 , 唐文革 3 , 丁贤彬 3 , 陈莉玲 3 , 许静茹 3 , 赵星 1 , 曾沛斌 1
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(13): 2333-2340
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (13) : 2333 -2340
重庆市高尿酸血症人群的血清代谢组特征及肠道菌群相关代谢物在饮酒与高尿酸血症中的中介作用
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张宇骐1, 曹易1, 于浩澎2, 唐文革3, 丁贤彬3, 陈莉玲3, 许静茹3, 赵星1, 曾沛斌1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学华西医院华西生物医学大数据中心
  • 3.重庆市疾病预防控制中心
通讯作者:
曾沛斌,E-mail:
作者简介:

张宇骐(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:微生物、公众健康与检验

Serum metabolomic profiling in the population with hyperuricemia in Chongqing and the mediating role of gut microbiota-related metabolites in the association between drinking and hyperuricemia
Yu-qi ZHANG1, Yi CAO1, Hao-peng YU2, Wen-ge TANG3, Xian-bin DING3, Li-ling CHEN3, Jing-ru XU3, Xing ZHAO1, Pei-bin ZENG1
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2026-07-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512449
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目的

描述重庆市自然人群高尿酸血症(hyperuricemia,HUA)的血清代谢组特征,并在差异代谢物中筛选出肠道菌群相关的代谢物,探究其在饮酒频率与HUA的中介作用,为干预提供依据。

方法

基于中国西南地区自然人群研究基线阶段重庆地区403名参与者的血清样本开展横断面研究。采用非靶向代谢组学鉴定血清代谢物,结合倍数变化和变量重要性筛选差异代谢物,并基于京都基因与基因组百科全书数据库进行通路富集分析;通过文献和化合物注释将差异代谢物归类出肠道菌群相关代谢物,并通过多重线性回归进一步筛选,将结果与临床表型及饮酒频率进行相关性分析; logistic回归及中介分析探讨代谢物在饮酒频率与HUA之间的关系。

结果

共鉴定出56种差异代谢物,主要富集于初级胆汁酸生物合成、戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸盐的相互转化、精氨酸生物合成等通路。多重线性回归筛选15种有统计学意义的肠道菌群相关代谢物,如吲哚-3-丙酸、吲哚乙酰谷氨酰胺。吲哚乙酰谷氨酰胺与尿酸、肌酐等呈正相关,具有中介作用(间接效应:0.006,95%CI:0.001~0.014,中介占比7.3%)。

结论

HUA患者存在代谢谱改变,所筛选的肠道菌群相关的代谢物如吲哚乙酰谷氨酰胺可能在饮酒频率与HUA中起到作用,干预肠道菌群及其相关代谢物,或可减少饮酒习惯和代谢改变引起的HUA,为具有饮酒习惯的HUA患者提供治疗新策略。

高尿酸血症  /  非靶代谢组  /  血清代谢组  /  肠道菌群相关代谢物  /  中介分析
Objective

To characterize the serum metabolomic profile of hyperuricemia (HUA) in a natural population from Chongqing, identify gut microbiota-related metabolites among the differential metabolites, and explore their mediating role in the association between drinking frequency and HUA, so as to provide evidence for intervention.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was based on serum samples from 403 participants in Chongqing at the baseline stage of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort(CMEC) in Southwest China. Untargeted metabolomics was used to identify serum metabolites. Differential metabolites were screened according to fold change and variable importance in projection (VIP), and pathway enrichment analysis was performed based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Gut microbiota-related metabolites were identified among the differential metabolites according to the literature and compound annotation, and were further screened using multiple linear regression. Correlation analyses were then conducted between these metabolites, clinical phenotypes, and drinking frequency. Logistic regression and mediation analysis were used to investigate the role of metabolites in the association between drinking frequency and HUA.

Results

A total of 56 differential metabolites were identified, mainly enriched in primary bile acid biosynthesis, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and arginine biosynthesis. Multiple linear regression identified 15 gut microbiota-related metabolites with statistical significance, including indole-3-propionic acid and indoleacetylglutamine. Indoleacetylglutamine was positively correlated with uric acid, creatinine, and other clinical indicators, and showed a mediating effect (indirect effect: 0.006, 95% CI: 0.001-0.014; proportion mediated: 7.3%).

Conclusion

Patients with HUA exhibited alterations in their metabolic profile. The screened gut microbiota-related metabolites, such as indoleacetylglutamine, may play a role in the association between drinking frequency and HUA. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota and its related metabolites may help reduce HUA associated with drinking habits and metabolic alterations, and may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for HUA patients with drinking habits.

Hyperuricemia  /  Untargeted metabolomics  /  Serum metabolome  /  Gut microbiota-related metabolites  /  Mediation analysis
张宇骐, 曹易, 于浩澎, 唐文革, 丁贤彬, 陈莉玲, 许静茹, 赵星, 曾沛斌. 重庆市高尿酸血症人群的血清代谢组特征及肠道菌群相关代谢物在饮酒与高尿酸血症中的中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (13) : 2333 -2340 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512449
Yu-qi ZHANG, Yi CAO, Hao-peng YU, Wen-ge TANG, Xian-bin DING, Li-ling CHEN, Jing-ru XU, Xing ZHAO, Pei-bin ZENG. Serum metabolomic profiling in the population with hyperuricemia in Chongqing and the mediating role of gut microbiota-related metabolites in the association between drinking and hyperuricemia[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (13) : 2333 -2340 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512449
近年来,高尿酸血症(hyperuricemia, HUA)的患病率稳步上升,且与高血压、糖尿病等慢性疾病密切相关,已经成为全球性的公共卫生问题[1-3]。HUA通常表现为嘌呤代谢障碍相关的系统性代谢紊乱,现有代谢组学研究多基于医院样本或小样本人群,对自然人群中HUA的血清代谢特征及其与可干预生活方式因素之间的研究仍相对有限[4-5]。是由嘌呤代谢障碍导致的一种慢性代谢性疾病。另一方面,饮酒与HUA的发生发展有着较明确的关系,酒精摄入可增加嘌呤负荷,抑制尿酸在肾脏和肠道的排泄,并且影响着肠道菌群及其相关代谢物[6-7]。肠道菌群相关代谢物指肠道菌群产生或者与肠道菌群相关的代谢产物,包括三甲胺类、吲哚类代谢物、胆汁酸类代谢物等[8-9]。肠道菌群及其相关代谢物影响着肠道稳态,约有1/3的尿酸通过肠道进行排泄,越来越多的研究开始探讨肠道对于HUA和肾脏疾病的影响[9-11]。基于肠道代谢在尿酸排泄与饮酒引起的代谢紊乱中起到的重要作用,本研究以重庆市自然人群为研究对象,研究其血清代谢组特征,并筛选肠道菌群相关代谢物,并探究其在饮酒频率与HUA的中介作用,为后续通过干预肠道菌群及其代谢产物,预防饮酒习惯导致的HUA提供干预策略。
本研究为基于中国西南地区自然人群研究(Chinese Multi-Ethnic Cohort,CMEC)基线资料的横断面分析。CMEC于2018年5月—2019年9月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法在社区人群中获取基线数据,纳入标准:(1)调查当天年龄为30~79岁;(2)永久居民、完成基线调查能力;(3)完成问卷访谈、体格检查和血液检测。排除标准:(1)无法提供身份证;(2)严重的身心疾病;(3)拒绝遵守研究要求[12]。本研究在此基础上进一步纳入重庆地区资料完整者,收集了共403名参与者的血清样本,通过身体测量、问卷调查、样本采集等方式,收集人口学、临床资料以及疾病史等信息。根据测量的身高、体重计算身体质量指数(body mass index, BMI),BMI=体重(kg)/身高的二次方(m)2 [13]。
依据标准男性血清尿酸浓度超过7.0 mg/dl(420 μmol/L),女性血清尿酸浓度高于6.0 mg/dl(360 μmol/L)为HUA,将403名参与者划分为HUA组和正常组[14]。
采集受试者空腹外周静脉血,将血样室温静置凝固后离心分离血清。所得血清按预定体积分装于无酶冻存管中,并于 80 ℃ 条件下保存备用,避免反复冻融。样本制备时,取100 μl血清样本置于EP管中,加入400 μl的80%甲醇水溶液,涡旋震荡,冰浴静置5 min,15 000 ×g、4 ℃离心20 min,加入质谱级水稀释上清的甲醇至含量为53%,15 000 ×g、4℃离心20 min,收集上清,进样液相色谱-质谱联用技术(liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,LC-MS)进行分析[15]。色谱条件为Hypersil Gold column(C18)色谱柱,流动相含0.1%的甲酸和甲醇,流速0.2 ml/min,柱温40 ℃。质谱条件扫描范围选择100~1 500 m/z;ESI源喷雾电压3.5 kV;鞘气流速35 psi;离子传输管温度320 °C;辅助气加热器温度350 °C。将下机数据文件经过ProteoWizard 转换为mzXML格式,先采用XCMS进行峰提取及峰定量,通过保留时间、质荷比等参数,对于不同样本进行峰对齐。设置 10 ppm 质量偏差及加合离子等信息与自建库进行对比进行代谢物鉴定,通过标准化处理并删除质量控制样本中相对峰面积的变异系数大于30%的化合物得到最终代谢物鉴定和相对定量结果。
采用R 4.4.2进行统计分析。符合正态分布的定量资料用()描述,非正态分布的采用中位数和四分位间距[M(P25,P75)]进行描述,组间比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验;定性变量采用率、构成比(%)进行描述,组间比较采用χ2检验。涉及多重比较时,使用Benjamini-Hochberg方法调整P值以控制错误发现率(false discovery rate,FDR),得到校正P值(QFDR)。
代谢组数据用MetaboAnalystR包进行分析。经过对数转化以及标准化后,使用倍数变化法(fold change, FC)进行单变量统计分析,偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)进行多变量统计分析,PLS-DA得分图中两组样品分离程度越大说明分类效果越显著,并通过500次置换检验判断拟合效果。按照PLS-DA中变量投影重要性(variable importance in the projection,VIP)>1,两组间代谢物倍数变化(fold change,FC)>1.5或FC<0.67的标准筛选差异代谢物[16]。将筛选出来的差异代谢物通过京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, KEGG)数据库进行代谢通路分析。
将差异代谢物中依据既往文献和代谢物生化注释归类出肠道菌群相关代谢物,分类包括吲哚及其衍生物、胆汁酸及类固醇、氨基酸及其衍生物、氨基氧化物、硫酸盐化合物、脂肪酸及其衍生物[9-10]。使用多重线性回归,纳入性别、年龄、BMI、吸烟状况作为混杂因素,评估肠道菌群相关代谢物与尿酸浓度之间的关联,筛选肠道菌群相关代谢物。通过Spearman将筛选后的肠道菌群相关代谢物与临床表型以及饮酒频率进行相关性分析。使用logistic回归分析饮酒频率与HUA的关联,将饮酒频率设置为哑变量,以几乎不饮酒组为参照,模型1不调整协变量,模型2调整了性别、年龄、BMI、抽烟状况,模型3调整了性别、年龄、BMI、抽烟状况、用药史、膳食情况(红肉海鲜)。后续分析与模型3相同。
使用mediation包进行基于回归模型的中介分析,分析肠道菌群相关代谢物对饮酒频率和HUA的中介效应,估计间接效应、直接效应、总效应和中介比例。并比较饮酒频率和HUA有或没有交互作用时的中介效应,以检验结果的稳定性。Bootstrap法用于进行中介效应的显著性检测,随机抽样1 000次。
如表1所示,本研究共纳入403名受试者,分别为HUA组68人,正常组335人。研究对象年龄在30~78岁,年龄中位数为50.0 (43.0,58.5)岁,两组在性别、BMI、肌酐、尿酸以及吸烟、饮酒频率有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
共检测出1 428种代谢物,其中涵盖脂类和类脂质分子561种,有机酸及其衍生物315,有机杂环化合物136种,有机氧化物113种,苯类91种,苯丙素和聚酮化合物54种,核苷、核苷酸和类似物35种,有机氮化合物19种,生物碱及其衍生物3种,木脂素、新木脂素及相关化合物3种,均质非金属化合物2种,有机硫化合物1种,未分类95种。
采用有监督的PLS-DA探索两组间的代谢差异特征。结果显示,HUA组和正常组有空间分离趋势,第一主成分和第二主成分分别解释了6.3%和3.7%的组间差异,为0.618,Q2为0.301,见图1A。通过置换检验得到的和Q2(P=0.002),均高于原始值,模型没有过度拟合,见图1B。
采用倍数变化法和PLS-DA筛选差异代谢物(同时满足FC>1.5或FC<0.67,和VIP>1)。共有56种差异代谢物,部分见图1C、表2。
将筛选得到的差异代谢物进行代谢通路富集分析,筛选有统计学意义的通路(FDR<0.05),并用气泡图直观展示个通路的富集程度及其统计学意义。结果显示有四条通路具有统计学意义:初级胆汁酸生物合成(primary bile acid biosynthesis),戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸盐的相互转化(pentose and glucuronate interconversions),精氨酸生物合成(arginine biosynthesis),抗坏血酸和醛酸盐代谢(ascorbate and aldarate metabolism)。见图1D。
将血清代谢物按照既往文献和代谢物生化注释归类出肠道菌群相关代谢物[9-10],并进一步对肠道菌群相关代谢物进行多重线性回归分析,纳入性别、年龄、BMI、吸烟状况作为混杂因素,进一步分析差异代谢物与尿酸之间的关系,共有15种肠道菌群相关代谢物具有统计学差异(QFDR<0.05)。N-油酰苏氨酸(N-oleoyl threonine, β=0.119,95%CI: 0.081~ 0.157,QFDR<0.001)、吲哚乙酰谷氨酰胺(Indoleacetyl glutamine, β=0.062,95%CI:0.023~0.101,QFDR=0.004)等呈正相关,且结果具有统计学意义;吲哚-3-丙酸(Indole-3-propionic acid, β=-0.042,95%CI: -0.066~-0.018, QFDR=0.002)、12-酮脱氧胆酸(12-Ketodeoxycholic acid, β=-0.031,95%CI:-0.058~-0.004,QFDR=0.020)等呈负相关,且结果具有统计学意义。见图2A。
将差异代谢物与HUA相关的表型以及饮酒频率进行关联分析,进一步探究代谢物的生物效应。尿酸碱度可以决定尿酸在尿液中的溶解度,当pH低于5.5时尿酸易结晶,增加痛风和肾结石的风险,反映肾脏对尿酸排泄功能[17]。尿素、肌酐也可以反映肾脏功能,进一步说明代谢物与HUA的关系是否与肾脏功能相关[18-19]。结果显示,吲哚-3-丙酸,12-酮脱氧胆酸等代谢物与部分临床指标呈负相关,并与尿酸碱度呈正相关,结果具有统计学意义;吲哚乙酰谷氨酰胺,4-乙基苯基硫酸铵盐(4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid sulfate)等代谢物与部分临床指标呈正相关。见图2。
表3展示了饮酒频率与HUA的多因素logistic回归分析结果。未校正模型(模型1)显示,一周饮酒不到1天和一周1~2天与几乎不饮酒者相比,高尿酸的发生风险无统计学意义(P均>0.05);相比之下,高频饮酒者的HUA发生风险升高:每周饮酒3~5天的HUA发生比值比(odds ratio,OR)为4.744,几乎每天饮酒者的OR为3.662。校正性别、年龄、BMI、吸烟状况、用药史、膳食情况之后,仍可观察到饮酒频率的升高(每周饮酒3~5 d和几乎每天饮酒)可增高发生HUA的风险。
中介分析结果显示,校正性别、年龄、BMI、吸烟状况、用药史、膳食情况之后,仅有1种代谢物吲哚乙酰谷氨酰胺具有中介作用(间接效应:0.006 ,95%CI:0.001~0.014,P=0.010),其中介效应占比为7.3%,提示该代谢物可能参与饮酒与HUA之间的关联。见图3。
据统计,美国2015—2016年的男性HUA患病率为20.8%,女性为20.0%;我国2018—2019年成年人的HUA患病率为14.0%,HUA已经成为一个全球性健康问题[20-21]。与既往多基于医院样本、样本量较小或主要比较HUA/痛风临床分型的代谢组学研究相比,本研究基于自然人群样本,更真实地反映一般居民中HUA的暴露分布、疾病谱及代谢特征,更适合用于探索HUA的早期代谢改变及其在人群预防中的公共卫生意义[4-5]。目前有大量研究支持饮酒是HUA的强风险因素、饮酒与肠道菌群相关代谢改变的关联,以及肠道菌群及其代谢物在尿酸代谢中的作用;然而,关于肠道菌群相关代谢物在饮酒与HUA之间中介作用的直人群证据仍较有限。本研究在自然人群中对该路径进行了探索性分析,为后续体内及多组学研究提供了线索[11,22]。
本研究共筛选出56种与HUA相关的差异代谢物,其中脂质和类脂类分子占比最高,提示了脂代谢紊乱与HUA的相互作用。代谢通路富集分析发现,富集的通路包括初级胆汁酸生物合成、戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸盐相互转化、精氨酸生物合成、抗坏血酸与醛酸盐代谢。胆汁酸代谢与嘌呤代谢、肠道菌群及能量代谢密切相关[23]。此外抗坏血酸和醛酸盐代谢的改变反映机体氧化应激水平升高。已有研究指出,尿酸虽具有抗氧化作用,但在高浓度状态下反而诱导氧化应激和内皮功能障碍,从而形成“代谢性氧化应激-尿酸升高”的恶性循环[24]。多重线性回归筛选出15种与HUA相关的肠道菌群相关代谢物包括胆汁酸及其衍生物、氨基酸及其衍生物、吲哚及其衍生物、硫类化合物等。肠道菌群相关代谢物与临床指标联合分析的结果进一步展示了代谢物与肾功能相关指标以及饮酒频率的关系。例如在HUA组上调的4-乙基苯基硫酸铵盐,与尿素、肌酐呈正相关,被认为是尿毒症毒素,并且通过脑肠轴损害神经发育[25-26]。作为一种肠道衍生代谢物,4-乙基苯基硫酸铵盐的升高常提示肠道菌群代谢增强及苯丙氨酸-酪氨酸通路异常,可能促进尿酸合成或减少其排泄。12-酮脱氧胆酸作为肠道微生物产生的次级胆汁酸,虽然还未有文献报道其对HUA的有益作用,但是其可能通过改善肠道微环境,通过“肠肾轴”达到缓解HUA的作用[27]。在HUA组下调的吲哚-3-丙酸与肌酐和尿素都呈负相关。作为一种肠道微生物代谢色氨酸产生的吲哚类衍生物,吲哚-3-丙酸通过剂量依赖的方式抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶(Xanthine oxidase)的活性并激活芳香烃受体(Aryl hydrocarbon receptor,AhR)受体,促进尿酸排泄[28],也可以通过抑制SIRT1磷酸化介导的泛素-蛋白酶体降解,上调与线粒体生物合成和抗氧化防御相关的基因缓解糖尿病肾病[29]。其水平的降低,可能反映了HUA患者存在肠道菌群失调及相关的肠屏障功能受损,这与近年来兴起的“肠肾轴”在尿酸代谢中作用的学说相呼应[11,30]。同时,部分胆汁酸类代谢物(如熊果胆酸、12-酮脱氧胆酸)与尿素等指标相关,进一步提示“肠肝轴”在HUA的发生发展中具有重要作用。通过干预肠道微生物,提高如吲哚-3-丙酸、12-酮脱氧胆酸,降低N-油酰苏氨酸、4-乙基苯基硫酸铵盐、熊果胆酸等代谢物的浓度,可以为缓解HUA提供新思路。
中介分析的结果显示,吲哚乙酰谷氨酰胺在饮酒频率与HUA中起到中介作用。作为吲哚类肠道微生物衍生物,吲哚乙酰谷氨酰胺是肾脏有机阴离子转运蛋白1和3(OAT1/OAT3)的底物,并且被报道为与代谢综合征以及糖尿病相关的代谢物[31-32]。吲哚乙酰谷氨酰胺被认为是色氨酸经肠道菌群代谢生成吲哚乙酸后,再由宿主组织进一步缀合谷氨酰胺形成的宿主-菌群共代谢物。现有研究提示,Clostridium、Bacteroides、Lactobacillus、Bifidobacterium、Roseburia和 Faecalibacterium 等菌群可能参与其前体吲哚乙酸的生成或相关代谢通路[33-35]。通过干预影响吲哚乙酰谷氨酰胺水平的肠道菌群,改变肠道代谢环境,或可成为饮酒和代谢改变引起的HUA的治疗策略。
本研究通过非靶向代谢组学分析了HUA的代谢特征,筛选出差异代谢物并进一步探究肠道菌群相关代谢物,为通过干预肠道菌群相关代谢物缓解HUA提供新思路。然而,本研究亦存在一定局限。首先,研究为横断面设计,无法确定代谢物变化与尿酸升高的因果关系,中介分析结果主要用于评估饮酒、代谢物与高尿酸血症之间的潜在统计中介关系,为可能作用路径提供线索;其次,本研究未使用肠道菌群相关数据,未能探究与HUA相关的肠道菌群及其与代谢物的直接关联,后续研究可通过体内实验验证筛选的肠源性代谢物缓解或加重高尿素血症的机制;最后,由于仅纳入CMEC重庆市完成代谢组检测人群,结果外推时需谨慎。综上所述,本研究揭示了HUA患者在代谢通路上的紊乱,尤其是胆汁酸、生物胺及氨基酸代谢异常可能是其重要特征。多重线性回归筛选得到的吲哚乙酰谷氨酰胺、吲哚-3-丙酸,12-酮脱氧胆酸等代谢物具有潜在的干预价值。吲哚乙酰谷氨酰胺在饮酒频率与HUA中可能起到中介作用,寻找产生或代谢吲哚乙酰谷氨酰胺的肠道细菌并进行干预,或可为具有饮酒习惯的HUA患者提供治疗方向。
  • 四川省科技厅-中央引导地方科技发展项目(2024ZYD0098)
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2026年第53卷第13期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512449
  • 接收时间:2025-12-29
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-29
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四川省科技厅-中央引导地方科技发展项目(2024ZYD0098)
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    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学华西医院华西生物医学大数据中心
    3.重庆市疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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