Article(id=1241771811801731339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404404, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713801600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773991070937, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1729785600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773991070937, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773991070937, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991070937, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241771801366299468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='20', pageStart='3649', pageEnd='3840', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773991068450, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991676896, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241774353457681403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241774353457681404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3714, endPage=3718, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241771812376351015, articleId=1241771811801731339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Relationship between female reproductive history and cognitive impairment in the elderly, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationship between female reproductive history and cognitive dysfunction in old age.

Methods

Based on the survey data of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey database in 2018, binary logistic regression and R4.3.3 software were used to construct a restricted cubic spline model to analyze the dose-response relationship between the number of births, gestational age and cognitive dysfunction in women.

Results

7508 elderly women were included, of whom 764 (10.17%) had cognitive dysfunction. After adjusting for confounding factors, the first gestational age (OR=1.025, 95%CI:1.007-1.044), the last gestational age (OR=1.071, 95%CI:1.056-1.086), and the number of pregnancies (OR=1.085, 95%CI:1.044-1.127) had an impact on the cognitive function of elderly women. The results of the restricted cubic spline model showed that there was a linear dose-response relationship between the number of pregnancies and the risk of cognitive dysfunction in women (Poverall<0.05, Pnon-linearity=0.67), and the cognitive function was not adversely affected when the number of pregnancies was ≤4 (OR<1, 95%CI:0.45-1). When she had only one child, there was a nonlinear dose-response relationship between the gestational age and the risk of cognitive impairment (Poverall<0.05, Pnon-linearity<0.05), suggesting that the best childbearing age was 27 to 30 years old (OR<1, 95%CI:0.89-1). When she had more than one child, there was a nonlinear dose-response relationship between the first and last gestational age and the risk of cognitive impairment (Poverall<0.05, Pnon-linearity<0.05), suggesting that the best childbearing age was 22 to 35 years old (OR<1, 95%CI: 0.99-1).

Conclusion

There is a correlation between female reproductive history and cognitive function in old age. Limiting the number of childbearing and encouraging age-appropriate childbearing can improve cognitive function in old age.

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目的

探索女性生育史与老年期认知功能障碍的关系。

方法

本研究基于中国老年健康调查数据库2018年的调查数据,利用二元logistic回归,并通过R 4.3.3软件构建限制性立方样条模型分析女性孕育次数、孕育年龄与认知功能障碍之间的剂量-反应关系。

结果

纳入7 508名老年女性,其中764名(10.17%)存在认知功能障碍;调整混杂因素后初次孕龄(OR=1.025,95% CI:1.007~1.044)、末次孕龄(OR=1.071,95% CI:1.056~1.086)、孕育次数(OR=1.085,95% CI:1.044~1.127)均对老年女性认知功能产生影响;限制性立方样条模型结果显示,女性孕育次数与认知功能障碍患病风险之间存在线性剂量-反应关系(P总趋势<0.05,P非线性=0.67),孕育次数≤4时,不会对其认知功能产生不利影响(OR<1,95% CI:0.45~1)。当孕育次数=1时,女性孕龄与认知功能障碍患病风险之间均存在非线性剂量-反应关系(P总趋势<0.05,P非线性<0.05),提示最佳生育年龄在27岁至30岁(OR<1,95% CI:0.89~1);当孕育次数>1时,女性初次孕龄、末次孕龄与认知功能障碍患病风险之间均存在非线性剂量-反应关系(P总趋势<0.05,P非线性<0.05),提示最佳生育年龄在22岁至35岁(OR<1,95% CI: 0.99~1)。

结论

女性生育史与其老年期认知功能存在关联,通过限制孕育次数,鼓励适龄生育可以改善女性老年期认知功能。

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张立秀,E-mail:
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张宇(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:老年护理

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Basic characteristics(n=7 508)

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项目认知功能障碍P
否(%/是(%/
年龄段(岁)
60~<70724(10.74)6(0.79)<0.01
70~<801 710(25.36)30(3.93)
80~<901 817(26.94)106(13.87)
≥902 493(36.97)622(81.41)
户口
城市1 715(25.43)203(26.57)<0.01
农村5 029(74.57)561(73.43)
养老情况
与家人5 242(77.73)611(79.97)<0.01
独居1 301(19.29)86(11.26)
养老机构201(2.98)67(8.77)
BMI
正常5 249(77.83)220(28.8)<0.01
低体重指数1 495(22.17)544(71.2)
超重/肥胖3 379(50.1)400(52.36)
婚姻
已婚1 270(18.83)252(32.98)<0.01
离婚/丧偶2 095(31.06)112(14.66)
未婚2 119(31.42)69(9.03)
学习年限(年)
04 619(68.49)693(90.71)<0.01
1~<76(0.09)2(0.26)
7~<134 462(66.16)633(82.85)
≥131 609(23.86)84(10.99)
孕育次数(次)4.22±1.884.53±1.93<0.01
初次孕龄(岁)23.09±3.9323.51±4.450.013
末次孕龄(岁)34.65±6.5537.43±6.94<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1241771823872938801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771811801731339, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

一般资料情况(n=7 508)

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项目认知功能障碍P
否(%/是(%/
年龄段(岁)
60~<70724(10.74)6(0.79)<0.01
70~<801 710(25.36)30(3.93)
80~<901 817(26.94)106(13.87)
≥902 493(36.97)622(81.41)
户口
城市1 715(25.43)203(26.57)<0.01
农村5 029(74.57)561(73.43)
养老情况
与家人5 242(77.73)611(79.97)<0.01
独居1 301(19.29)86(11.26)
养老机构201(2.98)67(8.77)
BMI
正常5 249(77.83)220(28.8)<0.01
低体重指数1 495(22.17)544(71.2)
超重/肥胖3 379(50.1)400(52.36)
婚姻
已婚1 270(18.83)252(32.98)<0.01
离婚/丧偶2 095(31.06)112(14.66)
未婚2 119(31.42)69(9.03)
学习年限(年)
04 619(68.49)693(90.71)<0.01
1~<76(0.09)2(0.26)
7~<134 462(66.16)633(82.85)
≥131 609(23.86)84(10.99)
孕育次数(次)4.22±1.884.53±1.93<0.01
初次孕龄(岁)23.09±3.9323.51±4.450.013
末次孕龄(岁)34.65±6.5537.43±6.94<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1241771823969407797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771811801731339, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Binary logistic analysis of pregnancy history and cognitive dysfunction in elderly women (n=7 508)

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统计指标βSEWald χ2POR(95%CI)
年龄段(岁)
60~<70(参考)
70~<800.6330.4541.9450.1631.882(0.774~4.579)
80~<901.5890.43713.242<0.014.899(2.082~11.53)
≥902.4290.43930.572<0.0111.342(4.795~26.827)
户口
城市(参考)
农村0.1360.1081.5900.2071.145(0.928~1.414)
养老情况
与家人(参考)
独居-0.1340.1301.0470.3060.875(0.678~1.13)
养老机构0.7470.16919.410<0.012.11(1.514~2.941)
BMI
正常(参考)
低体重指数0.0790.0950.6850.4081.082(0.898~1.303)
肥胖或超重-0.3820.12010.121<0.010.682(0.539~0.864)
婚姻
已婚(参考)
离婚/丧偶0.0680.1560.1910.6621.07(0.789~1.453)
未婚1.1270.8941.5910.2073.087(0.536~17.8)
学习年限(年)
0(参考)
1~<7-0.1580.1361.3590.2440.854(0.654~1.114)
7~<130.3150.2132.2030.1381.371(0.904~2.079)
≥130.3330.3850.7450.3881.395(0.655~2.968)
孕育次数(次)0.0820.02017.488<0.011.085(1.044~1.127)
初次孕龄(岁)0.0250.0097.441<0.011.025(1.007~1.044)
末次孕龄(岁)0.0690.00790.974<0.011.071(1.056~1.086)
常量-2.0630.27257.341<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1241771824095236922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771811801731339, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

老年女性妊娠史与认知功能障碍的二元logistic分析(n=7 508)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
统计指标βSEWald χ2POR(95%CI)
年龄段(岁)
60~<70(参考)
70~<800.6330.4541.9450.1631.882(0.774~4.579)
80~<901.5890.43713.242<0.014.899(2.082~11.53)
≥902.4290.43930.572<0.0111.342(4.795~26.827)
户口
城市(参考)
农村0.1360.1081.5900.2071.145(0.928~1.414)
养老情况
与家人(参考)
独居-0.1340.1301.0470.3060.875(0.678~1.13)
养老机构0.7470.16919.410<0.012.11(1.514~2.941)
BMI
正常(参考)
低体重指数0.0790.0950.6850.4081.082(0.898~1.303)
肥胖或超重-0.3820.12010.121<0.010.682(0.539~0.864)
婚姻
已婚(参考)
离婚/丧偶0.0680.1560.1910.6621.07(0.789~1.453)
未婚1.1270.8941.5910.2073.087(0.536~17.8)
学习年限(年)
0(参考)
1~<7-0.1580.1361.3590.2440.854(0.654~1.114)
7~<130.3150.2132.2030.1381.371(0.904~2.079)
≥130.3330.3850.7450.3881.395(0.655~2.968)
孕育次数(次)0.0820.02017.488<0.011.085(1.044~1.127)
初次孕龄(岁)0.0250.0097.441<0.011.025(1.007~1.044)
末次孕龄(岁)0.0690.00790.974<0.011.071(1.056~1.086)
常量-2.0630.27257.341<0.01
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女性生育史与老年期认知功能障碍之间的关系
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张宇 1 , 潘佳雯 1 , 毛佳 1 , 周庆 2 , 张立秀 1
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(20): 3714-3718
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(20): 3714-3718
女性生育史与老年期认知功能障碍之间的关系
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张宇1, 潘佳雯1, 毛佳1, 周庆2, 张立秀1
作者信息
  • 1.湖州师范学院医学院,浙江 湖州 313000,
  • 2.湖州市中心医院
  • 张宇(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:老年护理

通讯作者:

张立秀,E-mail:
Relationship between female reproductive history and cognitive impairment in the elderly
Yu ZHANG1, Jia-wen PAN1, Jia MAO1, Qing ZHOU2, Li-xiu ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • School of Medicine, Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
出版时间: 2024-10-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404404
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目的

探索女性生育史与老年期认知功能障碍的关系。

方法

本研究基于中国老年健康调查数据库2018年的调查数据,利用二元logistic回归,并通过R 4.3.3软件构建限制性立方样条模型分析女性孕育次数、孕育年龄与认知功能障碍之间的剂量-反应关系。

结果

纳入7 508名老年女性,其中764名(10.17%)存在认知功能障碍;调整混杂因素后初次孕龄(OR=1.025,95% CI:1.007~1.044)、末次孕龄(OR=1.071,95% CI:1.056~1.086)、孕育次数(OR=1.085,95% CI:1.044~1.127)均对老年女性认知功能产生影响;限制性立方样条模型结果显示,女性孕育次数与认知功能障碍患病风险之间存在线性剂量-反应关系(P总趋势<0.05,P非线性=0.67),孕育次数≤4时,不会对其认知功能产生不利影响(OR<1,95% CI:0.45~1)。当孕育次数=1时,女性孕龄与认知功能障碍患病风险之间均存在非线性剂量-反应关系(P总趋势<0.05,P非线性<0.05),提示最佳生育年龄在27岁至30岁(OR<1,95% CI:0.89~1);当孕育次数>1时,女性初次孕龄、末次孕龄与认知功能障碍患病风险之间均存在非线性剂量-反应关系(P总趋势<0.05,P非线性<0.05),提示最佳生育年龄在22岁至35岁(OR<1,95% CI: 0.99~1)。

结论

女性生育史与其老年期认知功能存在关联,通过限制孕育次数,鼓励适龄生育可以改善女性老年期认知功能。

老年女性  /  生育史  /  认知功能  /  限制性立方样条
Objective

To explore the relationship between female reproductive history and cognitive dysfunction in old age.

Methods

Based on the survey data of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey database in 2018, binary logistic regression and R4.3.3 software were used to construct a restricted cubic spline model to analyze the dose-response relationship between the number of births, gestational age and cognitive dysfunction in women.

Results

7508 elderly women were included, of whom 764 (10.17%) had cognitive dysfunction. After adjusting for confounding factors, the first gestational age (OR=1.025, 95%CI:1.007-1.044), the last gestational age (OR=1.071, 95%CI:1.056-1.086), and the number of pregnancies (OR=1.085, 95%CI:1.044-1.127) had an impact on the cognitive function of elderly women. The results of the restricted cubic spline model showed that there was a linear dose-response relationship between the number of pregnancies and the risk of cognitive dysfunction in women (Poverall<0.05, Pnon-linearity=0.67), and the cognitive function was not adversely affected when the number of pregnancies was ≤4 (OR<1, 95%CI:0.45-1). When she had only one child, there was a nonlinear dose-response relationship between the gestational age and the risk of cognitive impairment (Poverall<0.05, Pnon-linearity<0.05), suggesting that the best childbearing age was 27 to 30 years old (OR<1, 95%CI:0.89-1). When she had more than one child, there was a nonlinear dose-response relationship between the first and last gestational age and the risk of cognitive impairment (Poverall<0.05, Pnon-linearity<0.05), suggesting that the best childbearing age was 22 to 35 years old (OR<1, 95%CI: 0.99-1).

Conclusion

There is a correlation between female reproductive history and cognitive function in old age. Limiting the number of childbearing and encouraging age-appropriate childbearing can improve cognitive function in old age.

Elderly women  /  Reproductive history  /  Cognitive function  /  Restricted cubic splines
张宇, 潘佳雯, 毛佳, 周庆, 张立秀. 女性生育史与老年期认知功能障碍之间的关系. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (20) : 3714 -3718 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404404
Yu ZHANG, Jia-wen PAN, Jia MAO, Qing ZHOU, Li-xiu ZHANG. Relationship between female reproductive history and cognitive impairment in the elderly[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (20) : 3714 -3718 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404404
第七次人口普查显示我国60岁以上老年人高达2.6亿[1],老龄化情况日益严峻。既往研究显示老年女性在认知能力上会表现出比同龄男性更容易出现损害的现象[2],这可能与显示女性的平均寿命延长以及女性生育史影响其绝经后雌激素暴露水平有关[3]。因此在对比男性和女性的健康状况时,考虑女性特定妊娠经历的不同对健康的影响也非常重要[4]。尽管已有一些研究探讨了这些因素对健康的影响,但整体上仍显得相对不足。据统计,以女性为研究主体的相关研究仅占4%[5-6],因此还应该重点关注女性老年人的认知功能。有研究发现不同胎次、初次孕龄和末次孕龄会对晚年认知功能产生影响[7],但学者多将不同胎次、初次孕龄和末次孕龄等变量粗略地作为分类变量进行分析,不能反应其连续变化对认知功能的影响。限制性立方样条模型(Restricted cubic spline,RCS)把定量数据与定性结局事件结合,将自变量细微变化对结局影响直观地用连续性曲线呈现出来,是探索连续性暴露与结局间剂量反应关系的有效工具[8]。因此本研究拟基于中国老年健康调查数据库(Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey,CLHLS)的数据,通过构建RCS模型和logistic回归探讨女性不同胎次、初次孕龄和末次孕龄多见连续变化与认知功能障碍患病关联强度的剂量-反应关系,为认知功能障碍的预防和健康干预提供参考。
本研究数据来源于 CLHLS,该数据库涵盖了全国23个省市自治区 500 多样本点地区各年龄段的老年调查对象,在1998年进行基线调查后分别于2000 年、2002年、2005年、2008—2009年、2011—2012年、2014年和2017—2018年进行了跟踪调查。本研究已通过北京大学开放研究数据平台申请并获取数据使用权并提取了 2018 年的调查对象中的女性老年人8 949名。基于研究内容需要,剔除年龄<60 岁及关键变量缺失的样本,最终纳入7 508个老年女性样本。
收集老年女性一般人口学特征(年龄、户口、养老形式、学习年限、婚姻状态)、体格检查数据(身高、体重)和生育史(初次孕龄、末次孕龄、孕育次数)等资料。BMI=体重/身高2(kg/m2):<18.5 kg/m2为偏瘦,18.5≤BMI<23.9 kg/m2为正常,24 kg/m2≤BMI<28 kg/m2为超重,≥28 kg/m2为肥胖[9]
该数据库采用中文版简易精神状态检查(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)量表评估认知功能,该量表由 24个问题组成,具体包括一般能力、反应能力、注意力和计算能力、回忆、语言理解五大方面,总分范围为 0~30 分,依据受试者的教育程度制定界限,文盲组≤17分、小学组≤20 分、初中及以上组≤24 分时定义为认知功能障碍,得分越低,说明认知功能越差[10]。该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.88[11]
采用SPSS 27.0、R 4.3.3软件进行统计分析。计量资料采用描述,计数资料采用频数、百分比描述。运用独立样本t检验或χ2检验分析研究对象一般资料情况及不同特征人群认知功能障碍差异。利用二元logistic 回归分析,找出影响因素;利用RCS模型进一步判断生育史与认知功能障碍间的剂量反应关系,结合赤池信息准则(akaike information criterion,AIC)最小为准选取最优的RCS模型。检验水准α=0.05。
最终纳入7 508名老年女性作为研究对象。其中存在认知功能障碍764名(10.17%);女性的孕育次数为(4.26±1.88)次、初次孕龄为(23.14±3.98)岁、末次孕龄为(34.93±6.64)岁,其中认知功能障碍女性的孕育次数为(4.53±1.93)次、初次孕龄为(23.51±4.45)岁、末次孕龄为(37.43±6.94)岁,正常女性的孕育次数为(4.22±1.88)次、初次孕龄为(23.09±3.93)岁、末次孕龄为(34.65±6.55)岁,两组女性在初次孕龄、末次孕龄、孕育次数等方面的差异具有统计学意义,详见表1
以是否患有认知功能障碍作为因变量,进行logistic回归分析。结果显示,在调整年龄、户口、养老情况、BMI、婚姻、学习年限后,女性的孕育次数(OR=1.085,95%CI:1.044~1.127)、初次孕龄(OR=1.025,95%CI:1.007~1.044)、末次孕龄(OR=1.071,95%CI:1.056~1.086),结果见表2
应用RCS模型分析生育史与认知功能障碍之间的关系,该模型中节点数选择3~7个为宜[12]。根据样条回归系数和AIC准则,本研究发现在认知功能障碍相关的模型中,ACI孕育次数=4 927.746、ACI单胎=226.0153、ACI初次孕龄=4 704.672、ACI末次孕龄=4 574.142达到最小,节点分别为3个、3个、3个、4个,结果见图1-图4
模型结果显示,女性孕育次数与认知功能障碍患病风险之间存在线性剂量-反应关系(P总趋势<0.05,P非线性=0.67),生育次数=4时,OR=1,说明孕育次数>4时成为危险因素,随着孕育次数的增多,患病风险逐渐加大。当孕育次数=1时,女性孕龄与认知功能障碍患病风险之间存在非线性剂量-反应关系(P总趋势<0.05,P非线性<0.05),27≤孕龄≤30岁时,OR<1,此年龄段生育是认知功能障碍的保护因素,孕龄为27.4岁时对应图形最低点,此时OR(95%CI)为0.96(0.89~1);当孕育次数>1时,女性初次孕龄、末次孕龄与认知功能障碍患病风险之间均存在非线性剂量-反应关系(P总趋势<0.05,P非线性<0.05),当22≤初次孕龄≤23岁时,OR<1,此阶段孕育是女性认知功能障碍的保护因素,初次孕龄为22.3岁时对应图形最低点,此时OR(95%CI)为0.99(0.99~1);当末次孕龄>35岁时,OR>1,此年龄段孕育是女性认知功能障碍的危险因素。
随着老龄化进程的加速,中国中老年妇女认知功能障碍发病率与流行病学趋势一致,本研究的患病率为10.17%,与Huang[13]在老年群体中得出的结果(10.4%)基本一致。本研究结果显示在7 508名老年女性中,平均孕育次数为4.22次、初胎平均年龄为23.09岁、末胎平均年龄为34.65岁。与Li[14]在2011—2012年中国健康与退休纵向研究(CHARLS)的国家基线数据中发现在50岁或以上的妇女中,得出的结论(平均孕育次数3.06次,初胎平均年龄24.39岁,末胎平均年龄30.56岁)不一致。这种差异的产生可能是研究对象不同所导致,李晓敏研究人群的年龄段主要集中于50~59岁(47.1%)而本研究纳入人群的年龄段主要集中在90岁以上(41.4%),本研究高龄老人占比显著高于李晓敏的研究人群。
本研究显示,孕育次数(P<0.05)、末次孕龄(P<0.05)和初次孕龄(P<0.05)等均是女性认知功能的影响因素,这也进一步佐证Ilango[15]、陈晓玲[16]等学者的研究结论。Resnick[17]研究发现雌激素除了调节性和生殖特征外,还影响各种认知过程的神经保护和神经营养机制。而生育史(孕育次数、第一次和最后一次孕育的年龄)是女性雌激素暴露水平的一个重要影响因素[18],生育史的各个方面决定了女性一生中雌激素累积暴露时间[19]。提示我们可以通过计划生育预防认知功能障碍。
限制性立方样条结果显示,女性认知功能障碍患病风险与孕育次数呈线性关系,在当孕育次数=4时,OR=1,提示女性孕育次数>4是认知功能障碍的危险因素。以往一些研究发现,生育经历与中老年认知能力的提高有关[720],而另一些研究发现,胎次对认知能力没有影响或有害[21]。结果的差异性可能是由于不同研究所采取的认知功能评定标准不同以及样本量差异引起的。Barth[22]发现妊娠促进炎症因子释放导致脑细胞受损,另一方面体内胎儿会赋予母体大脑持久的保护和抗炎适应,使得老年期认知功能维持较好状态。de Lange[23]发现胎次的保护作用趋于平稳,但在经产妇女胎次>4次后保护作用减弱,此时易对其老年期的认知功能产生不利影响,与本研究结果相一致。
此外研究发现,生育年龄与较差的认知功能之间存在非线性剂量-反应关系。这与Saloojee[24]等学者的研究结果相似。当女性计划养育一个孩子时,最佳生育年龄处于27岁到30岁之间。当女性计划多次妊娠时,最佳初次孕龄在22岁到23岁,最佳末次孕龄<35岁,提示此时女性最佳生育年龄处于22岁到35岁之间。有研究发现,高龄产妇(≥35岁)发生先兆子痫的风险高于年轻女性[25],并对大脑结构和功能产生长期影响[26],加剧认知功能障碍的风险。而与25-29岁相比,年轻女性患妊娠糖尿病的风险更高[27],患病后淀粉样蛋白积累增加、氧化应激、神经炎症和线粒体功能障碍导致神经变性[28]对其老年期认知功能产生不利影响。这也解释了本研究观察到的产妇孕龄和认知功能结局之间的二次趋势。而多次妊娠女性的最适孕育年龄范围大于仅孕育一个孩子的女性,分析原因可能是子女可以通过家庭支持和心理支持对老年人的认知功能产生积极影响[29],使得多次妊娠的女性受到其孕育年龄的影响减小,因此对多次妊娠女性适孕年龄的限制较小。由此可见,限制孕育次数,鼓励适龄生育对改善女性老年期认知功能损害是非常重要的。
本研究结果表明,在老年女性中生育史与认知功能轨迹存在关联。当计划生育次数=1且生育年龄介于27至30岁或1<生育次数≤4次且生育年龄介于22至35岁之间时,生育决策可能不会对认知功能产生负面影响。本研究为基于大数据库的横断面研究,缺乏影响认知功能的实验室相关的生育指标,尚不足以全面揭示生育史与轻度认知功能损害之间的生物学机制,但为生育史与老年期认知功能之间的关系提供了关联线索。
  • 国家自然科学基金(72174061)
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2024年第51卷第20期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404404
  • 接收时间:2024-04-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-23
基金
国家自然科学基金(72174061)
作者信息
    1.湖州师范学院医学院,浙江 湖州 313000,
    2.湖州市中心医院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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