Article(id=1241771811420049651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405201, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715616000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773991070847, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1729785600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773991070847, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773991070847, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991070847, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241771801366299468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='20', pageStart='3649', pageEnd='3840', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773991068450, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991676896, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241774353457681403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241774353457681404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3829, endPage=3835, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241771812338602277, articleId=1241771811420049651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Association between thyroid hormone sensitivity indicators and breast cancer risk, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze whether there is a threshold effect between thyroid hormone sensitivity indexes and breast cancer, and to analyze the subgroup analysis and interaction test of age.

Methods

2 892 adults from NHANES were collected between 2007 and 2012, including 83 breast cancer patients. Central thyroid hormone sensitivity indices were calculated, including Thyroid Feedback Quantile Index for T4(TFQIFT4) and T3(TFQIFT3), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone T4 Resistance Index(TT4RI), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone T3 Resistance Index(TT3RI), and TSH Index(TSHI), as well as peripheral thyroid hormone sensitivity index FT3/FT4. The association between breast cancer and the thyroid system was investigated using a multivariable logistic regression model. Smooth curve fitting and stratified analysis were used too, and subgroup analysis and interaction tests were performed based on age.

Results

Model3 showed that Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) (OR=1.33, 95%CI:1.08-1.63), TFQIFT4(OR=2.61, 95%CI:1.25-5.45), TFQIFT3(OR=3.15, 95%CI:1.18-8.44), TT4RI(OR=1.03, 95%CI:1.01-1.05), TT3RI(OR=1.10, 95%CI:1.03-1.18), and TSHI(OR=1.68, 95%CI:1.14-2.50) were significantly positively associated with the risk of breast cancer. A linear relationship with breast cancer was observed when TFQIFT3≥0.7, TSHI≥2.4, and TT4RI<50(P<0.05). TFQIFT4 showed a threshold effect(likelihood ratio test=0.040) when TFQIFT4<0.25. The relationship between TFQIFT4 and breast cancer was not significant(OR=1.07, 95%CI:0.36-3.15), but when TFQIFT4≥0.25, it was significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer(OR=12.79, 95%CI:2.50-65.40). Subgroup analysis further revealed that in women over 55 years old, increased central thyroid hormone sensitivity indices were associated with breast cancer risk(P<0.05).

Conclusion

Increased central thyroid hormone sensitivity indices are significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer, which may be a potential indicator for breast cancer detection in the future.

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目的

研究对象来自NHANES 2007—2012年收集的2 892例成人,其中乳腺癌患者83例;计算获得中枢性甲状腺激素敏感性指标,包括甲状腺反馈分位数指数(TFQIFT4、TFQIFT3)、促甲状腺激素T4抵抗指数(TT4RI)、促甲状腺激素T3抵抗指数(TT3RI)和TSH指数(TSHI),以及外周甲状腺激素敏感性指标FT3/FT4。利用多因素logistic回归模型研究乳腺癌与甲状腺系统的相关性。使用平滑曲线拟合及分层分析研究甲状腺激素敏感性指标与乳腺癌之间是否存阈值效应,并对年龄进行亚组分析和交互作用检验。

结果

模型3表明,促甲状腺激素(TSH)(OR=1.33,95%CI:1.08~1.63)、TFQIFT4(OR=2.61,95%CI:1.25~5.45)、TFQIFT3(OR=3.15,95%CI:1.18~8.44)、TT4RI(OR=1.03,95%CI:1.01~1.05)、TT3RI(OR=1.10,95%CI:1.03~1.18)以及TSHI(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.14~2.50)与乳腺癌风险呈显著正相关。当TFQIFT3≥0.7、TSHI≥2.4、TT4RI<50时,与乳腺癌之间存在线性关系(P<0.05)。TFQIFT4则显示出阈值效应(对数似然比检验=0.040),当TFQIFT4<0.25时,TFQIFT4与乳腺癌的关系不显著(OR=1.07,95%CI:0.36~3.15),当TFQIFT4≥0.25时,与乳腺癌风险升高显著相关(OR=12.79,95%CI:2.50~65.40)。亚组分析进一步揭示,在55岁以上的女性中,中枢性甲状腺激素敏感性指标的升高与乳腺癌风险相关(P<0.05)。

结论

中枢性甲状腺激素敏感性指标升高与乳腺癌风险显著相关,未来可能是检测乳腺癌的有效指标。

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陈学彰,E-mail:
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刘皓然(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:中医内科学

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Hormones & Cancer, 2017, 8(1): 16-27., articleTitle=Thyroid hormone controls breast cancer cell movement via integrin αV/β3/SRC/FAK/PI3-Kinases, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241771825957507985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771811420049651, awardId=202305041559305920, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省中医药局面上项目(202305041559305920), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241771820169368231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771811420049651, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241771820173562536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771811420049651, companyId=1241771820169368231, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The Eighth Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241771820181951145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771811420049651, companyId=1241771820169368231, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广州中医药大学第八临床医学院,广东 广州 510405)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241771824388838220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771811420049651, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Flow chart of study design and exclusion information, figureFileSmall=Bd22useLSqGssHDNeZGnQA==, figureFileBig=LavQIi1GapUqWNYBhKY2+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241771824611136336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771811420049651, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究设计和排除信息流程图, figureFileSmall=Bd22useLSqGssHDNeZGnQA==, figureFileBig=LavQIi1GapUqWNYBhKY2+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241771824883766106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771811420049651, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Smooth curve fitting of the relationship between TFQIFT4, TFQIFT3, TSHI, TT3RI, TT4RI, and breast cancer risk, figureFileSmall=HDIzTvg8rtW8Vf24SvgV5A==, figureFileBig=IrR9hsUKsUAtXGwxfhQtUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241771824976040801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771811420049651, language=CN, label=图2, caption=TFQIFT4、TFQIFT3、TSHI、TT3RI、TT4RI与乳腺癌风险之间的平滑曲线拟合。

注:A为TFQIFT4与乳腺癌风险的平滑曲线拟合;B为TFQIFT3与乳腺癌风险的平滑曲线拟合;C为TSHI与乳腺癌风险的平滑曲线拟合;D为TT3RI与乳腺癌风险的平滑曲线拟合;E为TT4RI与乳腺癌风险的平滑曲线拟合。图中中间的实线是拟合线,两边的虚线是95%可信区间。

, figureFileSmall=HDIzTvg8rtW8Vf24SvgV5A==, figureFileBig=IrR9hsUKsUAtXGwxfhQtUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241771825051538278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771811420049651, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Baseline characteristics of patients without breast cancer versus those with breast cancer

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目非乳腺癌患者(N=2 809)乳腺癌患者(N=83)T/F/X2P
年龄(岁,)46.41±17.2263.67±11.3111.202<0.001
体重指数(kg/m2,)28.88±8.1227.96±8.821.0470.306
种族[n(%)]10.5050.033
墨西哥裔美国人484(17.23)10(12.05)
其他西班牙裔358(12.74)6(7.23)
非西班牙裔白人1 134(40.37)46(55.42)
非西班牙裔黑人624(22.21)19(22.89)
其他种族209(7.44)2(2.41)
教育程度[n(%)]1.9910.370
高中以下801(28.52)28(33.73)
高中或同等学历605(21.54)20(24.10)
高中以上1 403(49.95)35(42.17)
婚姻状况[n(%)]18.057<0.001
已婚/与伴侣同居1 536(54.68)48(57.83)
丧偶/离异/分居541(19.26)2(2.41)
从未结婚732(26.06)33(39.76)
怀孕状况[n(%)]4.4050.036
2 108(75.04)73(87.95)
402(14.31)5(6.02)
未记录299(10.64)5(6.02)
吸烟[n(%)]3.2930.193
现在仍吸烟521(18.55)15(18.07)
过去吸烟467(16.63)20(24.10)
从不吸烟1 821(64.83)48(57.83)
饮酒[n(%)]0.2190.897
1 563(55.64)47(56.63)
959(34.14)31(37.35)
未记录287(10.22)5(6.02)
FT3(pmol/L,)3.14±0.303.03±0.299.1860.002
FT4(pmol/L,)10.29±1.6510.70±1.854.7730.029
TSH(mIU/L,)1.66±0.942.12±1.1919.173<0.001
Tg(ng/ml,)20.38±92.9523.44±35.920.0900.764
TgAb(IU/ml,)0.69±0.410.71±0.510.3110.577
TPOAb(IU/ml,)0.85±0.920.80±0.930.2450.621
FT3/FT4()0.31±0.050.29±0.0611.230<0.001
TSHI()1.73±0.612.02±0.6718.483<0.001
TT4RI()16.90±9.8922.85±14.4028.226<0.001
TT3RI()5.18±2.986.41±3.6413.652<0.001
TFQIFT4()-0.02±0.320.13±0.3619.558<0.001
TFQIFT3()0.46±0.240.55±0.2513.758<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241771825143812971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771811420049651, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

乳腺癌患者的基线特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目非乳腺癌患者(N=2 809)乳腺癌患者(N=83)T/F/X2P
年龄(岁,)46.41±17.2263.67±11.3111.202<0.001
体重指数(kg/m2,)28.88±8.1227.96±8.821.0470.306
种族[n(%)]10.5050.033
墨西哥裔美国人484(17.23)10(12.05)
其他西班牙裔358(12.74)6(7.23)
非西班牙裔白人1 134(40.37)46(55.42)
非西班牙裔黑人624(22.21)19(22.89)
其他种族209(7.44)2(2.41)
教育程度[n(%)]1.9910.370
高中以下801(28.52)28(33.73)
高中或同等学历605(21.54)20(24.10)
高中以上1 403(49.95)35(42.17)
婚姻状况[n(%)]18.057<0.001
已婚/与伴侣同居1 536(54.68)48(57.83)
丧偶/离异/分居541(19.26)2(2.41)
从未结婚732(26.06)33(39.76)
怀孕状况[n(%)]4.4050.036
2 108(75.04)73(87.95)
402(14.31)5(6.02)
未记录299(10.64)5(6.02)
吸烟[n(%)]3.2930.193
现在仍吸烟521(18.55)15(18.07)
过去吸烟467(16.63)20(24.10)
从不吸烟1 821(64.83)48(57.83)
饮酒[n(%)]0.2190.897
1 563(55.64)47(56.63)
959(34.14)31(37.35)
未记录287(10.22)5(6.02)
FT3(pmol/L,)3.14±0.303.03±0.299.1860.002
FT4(pmol/L,)10.29±1.6510.70±1.854.7730.029
TSH(mIU/L,)1.66±0.942.12±1.1919.173<0.001
Tg(ng/ml,)20.38±92.9523.44±35.920.0900.764
TgAb(IU/ml,)0.69±0.410.71±0.510.3110.577
TPOAb(IU/ml,)0.85±0.920.80±0.930.2450.621
FT3/FT4()0.31±0.050.29±0.0611.230<0.001
TSHI()1.73±0.612.02±0.6718.483<0.001
TT4RI()16.90±9.8922.85±14.4028.226<0.001
TT3RI()5.18±2.986.41±3.6413.652<0.001
TFQIFT4()-0.02±0.320.13±0.3619.558<0.001
TFQIFT3()0.46±0.240.55±0.2513.758<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241771825265447793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771811420049651, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Association of thyroid hormones and their sensitivity indicators with breast cancer

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指标模型1模型2模型3
OR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)P
FT30.27(0.12~0.63)0.0020.80(0.33~1.90)0.6110.89(0.37~2.13)0.788
FT41.14(1.01~1.28)0.0291.04(0.92~1.17)0.5321.05(0.93~1.18)0.461
TSH1.52(1.25~1.84)<0.0011.28(1.05~1.56)0.0161.33(1.08~1.63)0.007
FT3/FT40.00(0.00~0.05)<0.0010.16(0.00~12.62)0.4110.16(0.00~13.04)0.414
TSHI2.29(1.57~3.35)<0.0011.56(1.06~2.28)0.0231.68(1.14~2.50)0.009
TT4RI1.04(1.03~1.06)<0.0011.03(1.01~1.04)0.0041.03(1.01~1.05)0.002
TT3RI1.12(1.05~1.19)<0.0011.08(1.02~1.16)0.0151.10(1.03~1.18)0.006
TFQIFT44.62(2.33~9.18)<0.00112.25(1.10~4.62)0.0262.61(1.25~5.45)0.011
TFQIFT35.79(2.26~14.86)<0.0012.67(1.03~6.92)0.0443.15(1.18~8.44)0.022
), ArticleFig(id=1241771825395471221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771811420049651, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

甲状腺激素及其敏感性指标与乳腺癌的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标模型1模型2模型3
OR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)P
FT30.27(0.12~0.63)0.0020.80(0.33~1.90)0.6110.89(0.37~2.13)0.788
FT41.14(1.01~1.28)0.0291.04(0.92~1.17)0.5321.05(0.93~1.18)0.461
TSH1.52(1.25~1.84)<0.0011.28(1.05~1.56)0.0161.33(1.08~1.63)0.007
FT3/FT40.00(0.00~0.05)<0.0010.16(0.00~12.62)0.4110.16(0.00~13.04)0.414
TSHI2.29(1.57~3.35)<0.0011.56(1.06~2.28)0.0231.68(1.14~2.50)0.009
TT4RI1.04(1.03~1.06)<0.0011.03(1.01~1.04)0.0041.03(1.01~1.05)0.002
TT3RI1.12(1.05~1.19)<0.0011.08(1.02~1.16)0.0151.10(1.03~1.18)0.006
TFQIFT44.62(2.33~9.18)<0.00112.25(1.10~4.62)0.0262.61(1.25~5.45)0.011
TFQIFT35.79(2.26~14.86)<0.0012.67(1.03~6.92)0.0443.15(1.18~8.44)0.022
), ArticleFig(id=1241771825491940216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771811420049651, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Segmented regression analysis between central thyroid hormone sensitivity measures and breast cancer

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转折点OR(95%CI)P对数似然比检验
TFQIFT4<0.251.07(0.36~3.15)0.9060.040
TFQIFT4≥0.2512.79(2.50~65.40)0.002
TFQIFT3<0.71.60(0.42~6.09)0.4900.157
TFQIFT3≥0.750.18(1.03~2434.74)0.048
TSHI<2.41.21(0.75~1.97)0.4320.052
TSHI≥2.44.73(1.62~13.80)0.004
TT3RI<101.09(0.99~1.20)0.0900.776
TT3RI≥101.13(0.91~1.40)0.253
TT4RI<501.03(1.01~1.05)0.0060.960
TT4RI≥501.03(0.95~1.13)0.480
), ArticleFig(id=1241771825600992128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771811420049651, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

中枢性甲状腺激素敏感性指标与乳腺癌之间的分段回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
转折点OR(95%CI)P对数似然比检验
TFQIFT4<0.251.07(0.36~3.15)0.9060.040
TFQIFT4≥0.2512.79(2.50~65.40)0.002
TFQIFT3<0.71.60(0.42~6.09)0.4900.157
TFQIFT3≥0.750.18(1.03~2434.74)0.048
TSHI<2.41.21(0.75~1.97)0.4320.052
TSHI≥2.44.73(1.62~13.80)0.004
TT3RI<101.09(0.99~1.20)0.0900.776
TT3RI≥101.13(0.91~1.40)0.253
TT4RI<501.03(1.01~1.05)0.0060.960
TT4RI≥501.03(0.95~1.13)0.480
), ArticleFig(id=1241771825710044040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771811420049651, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Subgroup analysis by age

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目年龄≤55OR(95%CI)P55<年龄OR(95%CI)P交互作用的P
TSHI1.60(0.75~3.39)0.2222.05(1.30~3.24)0.0020.578
TT4RI1.03(0.99~1.07)0.0891.04(1.02~1.06)<0.0010.926
TT3RI1.08(0.96~1.22)0.2091.13(1.04~1.22)0.0030.591
TFQIFT43.39(0.83~13.83)0.0893.32(1.43~7.69)0.0050.979
TFQIFT32.96(0.47~18.71)0.2494.53(1.43~14.31)0.0100.700
), ArticleFig(id=1241771825802318730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771811420049651, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

按年龄进行亚组分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目年龄≤55OR(95%CI)P55<年龄OR(95%CI)P交互作用的P
TSHI1.60(0.75~3.39)0.2222.05(1.30~3.24)0.0020.578
TT4RI1.03(0.99~1.07)0.0891.04(1.02~1.06)<0.0010.926
TT3RI1.08(0.96~1.22)0.2091.13(1.04~1.22)0.0030.591
TFQIFT43.39(0.83~13.83)0.0893.32(1.43~7.69)0.0050.979
TFQIFT32.96(0.47~18.71)0.2494.53(1.43~14.31)0.0100.700
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甲状腺激素敏感性指标与乳腺癌风险的相关性研究
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刘皓然 , 方子豪 , 廖定君 , 陈学彰
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024,51(20): 3829-3835
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024, 51(20): 3829-3835
甲状腺激素敏感性指标与乳腺癌风险的相关性研究
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刘皓然, 方子豪, 廖定君, 陈学彰
作者信息
  • 广州中医药大学第八临床医学院,广东 广州 510405
  • 刘皓然(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:中医内科学

通讯作者:

陈学彰,E-mail:
Association between thyroid hormone sensitivity indicators and breast cancer risk
Hao-ran LIU, Zi-hao FANG, Ding-jun LIAO, Xue-zhang CHEN
Affiliations
  • The Eighth Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
出版时间: 2024-10-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405201
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目的

研究对象来自NHANES 2007—2012年收集的2 892例成人,其中乳腺癌患者83例;计算获得中枢性甲状腺激素敏感性指标,包括甲状腺反馈分位数指数(TFQIFT4、TFQIFT3)、促甲状腺激素T4抵抗指数(TT4RI)、促甲状腺激素T3抵抗指数(TT3RI)和TSH指数(TSHI),以及外周甲状腺激素敏感性指标FT3/FT4。利用多因素logistic回归模型研究乳腺癌与甲状腺系统的相关性。使用平滑曲线拟合及分层分析研究甲状腺激素敏感性指标与乳腺癌之间是否存阈值效应,并对年龄进行亚组分析和交互作用检验。

结果

模型3表明,促甲状腺激素(TSH)(OR=1.33,95%CI:1.08~1.63)、TFQIFT4(OR=2.61,95%CI:1.25~5.45)、TFQIFT3(OR=3.15,95%CI:1.18~8.44)、TT4RI(OR=1.03,95%CI:1.01~1.05)、TT3RI(OR=1.10,95%CI:1.03~1.18)以及TSHI(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.14~2.50)与乳腺癌风险呈显著正相关。当TFQIFT3≥0.7、TSHI≥2.4、TT4RI<50时,与乳腺癌之间存在线性关系(P<0.05)。TFQIFT4则显示出阈值效应(对数似然比检验=0.040),当TFQIFT4<0.25时,TFQIFT4与乳腺癌的关系不显著(OR=1.07,95%CI:0.36~3.15),当TFQIFT4≥0.25时,与乳腺癌风险升高显著相关(OR=12.79,95%CI:2.50~65.40)。亚组分析进一步揭示,在55岁以上的女性中,中枢性甲状腺激素敏感性指标的升高与乳腺癌风险相关(P<0.05)。

结论

中枢性甲状腺激素敏感性指标升高与乳腺癌风险显著相关,未来可能是检测乳腺癌的有效指标。

乳腺癌  /  甲状腺激素敏感性  /  横断面研究  /  甲状腺反馈分位数指数
Objective

To analyze whether there is a threshold effect between thyroid hormone sensitivity indexes and breast cancer, and to analyze the subgroup analysis and interaction test of age.

Methods

2 892 adults from NHANES were collected between 2007 and 2012, including 83 breast cancer patients. Central thyroid hormone sensitivity indices were calculated, including Thyroid Feedback Quantile Index for T4(TFQIFT4) and T3(TFQIFT3), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone T4 Resistance Index(TT4RI), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone T3 Resistance Index(TT3RI), and TSH Index(TSHI), as well as peripheral thyroid hormone sensitivity index FT3/FT4. The association between breast cancer and the thyroid system was investigated using a multivariable logistic regression model. Smooth curve fitting and stratified analysis were used too, and subgroup analysis and interaction tests were performed based on age.

Results

Model3 showed that Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) (OR=1.33, 95%CI:1.08-1.63), TFQIFT4(OR=2.61, 95%CI:1.25-5.45), TFQIFT3(OR=3.15, 95%CI:1.18-8.44), TT4RI(OR=1.03, 95%CI:1.01-1.05), TT3RI(OR=1.10, 95%CI:1.03-1.18), and TSHI(OR=1.68, 95%CI:1.14-2.50) were significantly positively associated with the risk of breast cancer. A linear relationship with breast cancer was observed when TFQIFT3≥0.7, TSHI≥2.4, and TT4RI<50(P<0.05). TFQIFT4 showed a threshold effect(likelihood ratio test=0.040) when TFQIFT4<0.25. The relationship between TFQIFT4 and breast cancer was not significant(OR=1.07, 95%CI:0.36-3.15), but when TFQIFT4≥0.25, it was significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer(OR=12.79, 95%CI:2.50-65.40). Subgroup analysis further revealed that in women over 55 years old, increased central thyroid hormone sensitivity indices were associated with breast cancer risk(P<0.05).

Conclusion

Increased central thyroid hormone sensitivity indices are significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer, which may be a potential indicator for breast cancer detection in the future.

Breast cancer  /  Thyroid hormone sensitivity  /  Cross-sectional study  /  Thyroid feedback quartile index  /  NHANES
刘皓然, 方子豪, 廖定君, 陈学彰. 甲状腺激素敏感性指标与乳腺癌风险的相关性研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (20) : 3829 -3835 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405201
Hao-ran LIU, Zi-hao FANG, Ding-jun LIAO, Xue-zhang CHEN. Association between thyroid hormone sensitivity indicators and breast cancer risk[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (20) : 3829 -3835 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405201
2020年全球总计发生了1 930万新发恶性肿瘤病例和近1 000万因恶性肿瘤死亡的病例[1]。在这些新发病例中,女性乳腺癌的发病率首次超过肺癌,成为全球癌症发病的主要原因。乳腺癌的发病机制至今尚未完全阐明,但内源性激素在其发生发展中起着关键作用,尤其是雌激素的长期暴露被认为是重要的危险因素[2]。乳腺和甲状腺均为激素反应性器官[3],甲状腺激素参与调节正常乳腺细胞的代谢、成熟和分化,并被认为与乳腺癌细胞的生长和扩散有关[4]
临床中,通常以血清TSH、FT3和FT4水平来评估患者的甲状腺功能状态。然而,仅依靠这3个指标并不能完全了解甲状腺激素的稳态[5]。因此有学者提出了甲状腺激素敏感性指标这一概念,它包括中枢性甲状腺激素敏感性指标,即甲状腺反馈分位数指数(TFQIFT4和TFQIFT3)、促甲状腺激素T4抵抗指数(TT4RI)、促甲状腺激素T3抵抗指数(TT3RI)和TSH指数(TSHI),以及外周甲状腺激素敏感性指标FT3/FT4。TSHI、TT4RI、TT3RI、TFQI可定量评价垂体-甲状腺轴功能;FT3/FT4比值可以了解外周FT4转化为FT3的效率,从而了解外周甲状腺激素的敏感性[6-10]。近年来,关于甲状腺激素敏感性指标与其他疾病相关性的研究逐渐增多,包括骨质疏松[11]、糖尿病[12-13]、甲状腺乳头状癌[14]、心血管疾病[15]、代谢综合征[16]等,但目前还没有关于甲状腺激素敏感性指标与乳腺癌之间关系的研究。因此,本研究利用NHANES数据库,分析在甲状腺功能正常人群中,甲状腺激素敏感性指标与乳腺癌风险的相关性,以期为健康人群乳腺癌的早期识别和干预提供一定的临床参考价值。
NHANES数据库旨在评估美国成人和儿童的健康和营养状况,本研究数据全部来源于其中[17]。所有参与者均获得美国国家卫生统计中心伦理审查委员会的批准并已签署书面知情同意书(伦理审批编号:2011-17,https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/irba98.htm[18]
本研究纳入NAHAES数据库中2007—2008年、2009—2010年、2011—2012年共3个周期的受试者为研究对象,涉及30 442人,最终筛选出2 892人纳入数据分析。具体排除标准如下:(1)受试者为男性(n=15 177);(2)年龄小于20岁(n=6 208);(3)患有除乳腺癌外的其他恶性肿瘤或不确定是否患有癌症的受试者(n=617)(4)甲状腺功能筛查不全面,FT3、FT4、TSH、TG、TGAb、TPO抗体数据缺失(n=4 390)或不在正常范围内(n=1 154);(5)受试者缺失吸烟史、婚姻状况资料(n=7)。具体的研究设计和排除标准见下图(图1)。
参与者被询问是否患有经专业医护人员诊断的恶性肿瘤病史,并进一步回答是哪种癌症。只有明确回答“乳腺癌”的参与者才被归类为乳腺癌患者,任何回答“否”的参与者都被视为未患乳腺癌。
游离甲状腺素(FT4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPoAb)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)的参考范围分别为9.01~19.05 pmol/L、2.63~5.70 pmol/L、0.35~4.94 mIU/L、0~5.61 IU/ml、0~4.11 IU/ml。甲状腺功能正常定义为TSH、FT3、FT4在参考范围内。TPoAb或TgAb阳性定义为数值高于上限。
甲状腺激素敏感性可分为中枢敏感性和外周敏性。中枢敏感性可通过TSH指数(TSH Index,TSHI)、促甲状腺激素T4抵抗指数(Thyroid Stimulating Hormone T4 Resistance Index,TT4RI)和甲状腺反馈分位数的指数(Thyroid Feedback Quantile Index,TFQI)反映。外周敏感性可通过FT3/FT4比值反映,比值越高,外周甲状腺激素敏感性越敏感[19]。中枢性甲状腺激素敏感性指标TSHI、TT4RI的值与中枢对甲状腺激素的敏感性呈负相关,较高的TSHI[20]和TT4RI表明中枢对甲状腺激素的敏感性较低[7]。其计算公式为:TSHI=ln TSH(mIU/L)+0.1345×FT4(pmol/L);TT4RI=FT4(pmol/L)×TSH(mIU/L)。TFQI是基于FT4和TSH的经验性联合分布,通过一种连续的方式来评估垂体对甲状腺激素反应的偏差。TFQI在甲状腺功能失调的情况下,不会像TSHI和TT4RI有产生异常极端值的情况,因此它更加稳定[10]。TFQI的计算公式为:TFQI=cdf FT4-(1-cdfTSH)。它的值在-1到1之间进行波动,大0表示中枢对甲状腺激素的敏感性较差,小于0表示中枢对甲状腺激素敏感性较好,0表示正常。由于FT3与TSH之间的关联类似于FT4,因此额外计算TFQIFT3和TT3RI两个指标以更加全面的评估甲状腺激素的敏感性。
人口学信息包括年龄、种族,教育程度,婚姻状况、怀孕状况、BMI等信息。吸烟行为根据调查问卷中香烟使用情况,划分为现在吸烟、过去吸烟以及从不吸烟。酒精消费情况按每1年是否至少喝过12杯酒精饮料进行划分。怀孕状况包括当前怀孕、活产、流产、死产、输卵管妊娠和流产,若无以上情况则为否。
连续变量采用表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验或方差分析;分类变量采用频数(构成比)表示,组间比较采用卡方检验或Fisher精确概率法。采用多因素logistic回归模型对甲状腺激素敏感性指标与乳腺癌风险进行分析。模型1没有调整协变量;模型2:调整年龄、婚姻和生育三个因素;模型3在模型2的基础上调整调整了BMI、种族、教育、吸烟、饮酒因素。随后通过平滑曲线拟合判断甲状腺激素敏感性指标与乳腺癌风险之间是否存在线性关系和阈值效应。为了对阈值效应进一步分析,采用了分段线性回归模型进行拟合数据,确定转折点。根据年龄进行分层,进行亚组分析和交互作用检验。本研究采用Stata 17.0和EmpowerStats 4.2软件对数据进行统计学分析,检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共纳入2 892名研究对象,其中乳腺癌患者83例。与非乳腺癌组相比,乳腺癌组年龄较大,FT3水平、FT3/FT4比值较低,TSH、TSHI、TT4RI、TT3RI、TFQIFT4、TFQIFT3较高。两组在有无伴侣、当前或曾有怀孕、种族等方面也有统计学意义,见表1
采用多元逻辑回归验证甲状腺激素敏感性与乳腺癌的相关性,充分调整混杂因素,结果表明,TSH、TFQIFT4、TFQIFT3、TT4RI、TT3RI、TSHI与乳腺癌风险呈正相关,详见表2
由平滑曲线拟合图(图2)结合分段回归分析(表3)可知,当TFQIFT3≥0.7、TSHI≥2.4、TT4RI<50时,与乳腺癌之间存在线性关系(P<0.05)。在分段回归分析中,调整混杂因素后,TFQIFT4与乳腺癌之间存在阈值效应(表3)。对阈值效应进一步分析发现,0.25是其转折点(对数似然比检验=0.040)。当TFQIFT4低于0.25时,TFQIFT4与乳腺癌的关系不显著(OR=1.07,95%CI:0.36~3.15),而在TFQIFT4高于0.25的情况下,随着TFQIFT4的升高,乳腺癌的风险显著升高(OR=12.79,95%CI:2.50~65.40)。
对年龄进行分层,充分调整其他协变量后,对中枢性甲状腺激素敏感性指标进行亚组分析及交互作用检验。研究结果显示,不同年龄组间TSHI、TT4RI、TT3RI、TFQIFT4、TFQIFT3的升高皆与乳腺癌风险有关,此结果在年龄大于55岁的女性群体中具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。交互作用结果(P-interaction>0.05)则表明这种正相关在不同年龄分层中总体稳定(表4)。
在这项对2 892名美国成年人的横断面研究中,评估了甲状腺功能正常人群中,甲状腺激素及其敏感性指标(中枢性和外周性)与乳腺癌风险的关系。研究结果表明,中枢性甲状腺激素敏感性指标与乳腺癌风险呈正相关。例如,TFQIFT4OR=2.61,95%CI:1.25~5.45)每增加一个单位,乳腺癌风险增加1.61倍;TSHI(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.14~2.50)每增加一个单位,乳腺癌风险增加0.68倍。本研究首次从甲状腺激素敏感性的角度探索了甲状腺激素敏感性受损对乳腺癌风险的影响,为乳腺癌的早期筛查和治疗提供了新的假设。
Kim等人[21]进行了一项队列研究,纳入了62 546名年龄≥40岁且未患乳腺癌的韩国女性,随访中位数为4.8年(2.8, 7.3)。在研究期间,共发现834例乳腺癌。结果表明,正常甲状腺范围内较高的FT4水平与乳腺癌风险呈正相关,而较高的TSH浓度与乳腺癌风险呈负相关。Ortega-Olvera等人[22]则进行了一项大型观察性研究,比较了682名乳腺癌患者和731名对照组中无甲状腺疾病的个体的甲状腺激素水平。他们发现乳腺癌与总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)和血清总甲状腺素(TT4)浓度之间存在较强的相关性。Tran等人[23]的meta分析显示,在无甲状腺疾病的女性中,TSH水平每增加1 mIU/L,乳腺癌的患病风险降低0.8%。然而,本研究的发现与上述结果有所不同。本研究显示,TSH水平与乳腺癌风险呈正相关(OR=1.33,95%CI:1.08~1.63),而FT3和FT4与乳腺癌之间没有明显的相关性(P>0.05)。这些研究结果的差异可能与不同的甲状腺功能判定标准和参与者的构成有关。在下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺体轴(HPT)中,激素的调节和作用具有多样性和复杂性[24],有研究者认为,TSH对肿瘤细胞的影响是双相的,在低浓度下具有增殖作用,在高浓度下具有抗增殖作用[25]。因此,单一的血清学指标可能不足以解释甲状腺系统与乳腺癌之间的关系,我们使用TSHI、TFQI、TTRI等复合指标进行进一步评价。
甲状腺和乳腺同属激素反应性器官,它们都受到HPT轴的调控,因而有共同相互作用的分子基础(如甲状腺激素和雌激素),这使得它们之间存在相互关联的危险因素[3]。TSHI[20]和TT4RI[7]等综合指数最初被提出用于评估中枢对甲状腺激素的敏感性,TFQI则是由Laclaustra等人在2019年提出的更稳定的指标[10]。TSHI、TT3RI、TT4RI、TFQIFT4和TFQIFT3的升高表明中枢对甲状腺激素敏感性降低,结合本研究结果,可知中枢性甲状腺激素敏感性降低与乳腺癌风险呈显著正相关。甲状腺激素中枢抵抗的特征之一是FT4、FT3水平升高,TSH值升高或正常[26]。在乳腺癌中,甲状腺激素可以诱导乳腺癌细胞的增殖,这种生长促进作用类似于雌激素(E2),并且T3或T4的增殖作用可被ER拮抗剂氟维司群所阻断[27]。也有研究者认为,甲状腺激素对乳腺癌的生长促进作用主要是通过膜受体αvβ3整合素介导[9]。αvβ3整合素是甲状腺激素的细胞受体,在肿瘤血管内皮细胞和肿瘤细胞中都有表达[28],与乳腺癌骨转移[29]、肿瘤细胞上皮-间充质转化(EMT)和化疗耐药[30]等方面有关。在雌激素受体(ERα)阳性乳腺癌细胞中,T4可在没有雌激素的情况下,通过αvβ3整合素促进ERα依赖性癌症的生长[26]。T3也可通过整合素αvβ3介导的快速信号通路,调节肌动蛋白的重塑,刺激乳腺癌细胞的迁移和侵袭[31]
本研究对中枢性甲状腺激素敏感性指标进行平滑曲线拟合,结果发现TFQIFT4与乳腺癌之间存在阈值效应。当TFQIFT4小于0.25时,TFQIFT4与乳腺癌的关系不显著,但当TFQIFT4高于0.25时,乳腺癌风险随着TFQIFT4的升高而显著提升,这有望成为未来乳腺癌预防筛查的新指标。考虑到年龄是影响甲状腺激素敏感性和乳腺癌发病的危险因素之一,本研究对年龄进行亚组分析及交互作用检验,结果表明,不同年龄组间中枢性甲状腺激素敏感性指标的升高皆与乳腺癌风险有关,此结果在年龄大于55岁的女性群体中具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。交互作用结果(P-interaction>0.05)则表明,年龄在中枢性甲状腺激素敏感性与乳腺癌方面不具有交互作用。
本研究也存在一些局限性。首先,由于本研究是横断面研究,无法从现有资料中推测中枢性甲状腺激素敏感性降低与乳腺癌患病的因果关系;其次,本研究原始数据的收集部分采用问卷形式,这过程中可能会存在回忆偏倚,从而影响分析结果;第三,虽然我们针对多个协变量进行了校正,但不能排除残留混杂因素或其他未测量的因素,如环境暴露、饮食方式、生活方式等,因此,在未来的研究中,需要开展更大规模的前瞻性队列研究以明确甲状腺激素敏感性与乳腺癌的因果关系,并深入研究二者之间的分子机制,为乳腺癌的早期筛查和治疗提供新的选择。
  • 广东省中医药局面上项目(202305041559305920)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405201
  • 接收时间:2024-05-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-14
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广东省中医药局面上项目(202305041559305920)
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    广州中医药大学第八临床医学院,广东 广州 510405

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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