Article(id=1241771808039437283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405405, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716739200000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773991070040, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1729785600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773991070040, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773991070040, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991070040, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241771801366299468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='20', pageStart='3649', pageEnd='3840', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773991068450, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991676896, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241774353457681403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241774353457681404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3719, endPage=3724, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241771808463062014, articleId=1241771808039437283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Epidemic status and relevant factors on the co-morbidity of spinal curvature abnormality and myopia among primary and middle school students, Guangzhou, 2019-2023, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the co-morbidity of spinal curvature abnormality and myopia and the relevant factors in primary and middle school students in Guangzhou from 2019 to 2023, so as to provide references for the establishment of the mechanism of Co-morbidity, Shared Etiology, and Shared Prevention of common diseases in students.

Methods

From September 2019 to 2023, used stratified random cluster sampling, 4 248, 4 230, 4 266, 25 476, 25 587 primary and middle school students were selected as subjects for spinal curvature abnormality and myopia screening and questionnaire survey. The χ2test was used for comparing the group differences and univariate analysis. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of their co-morbidity.

Results

the co-morbidity rates of spinal curvature abnormality and myopia were 2.96%-6.00% from 2019 to 2023 in primary and middle school students in Guangzhou. The differences in the co-morbidity rates among students of each phases of studying and the difference of the co-morbidity rate in primary and middle school students over the past 5 years were statistically significant (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low BMI junior and senior high school students (OR=1.72, 1.89, 95%CI: 1.11-2.67, 1.47-2.41) were more likely to suffer these two diseases. Primary school students in grades 4 to 6 who had menarche or spermatorrhea (OR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.04-3.02), screening time 2-<3h or≥3h per day (OR=3.06, 2.28, 95%CI: 1.41-6.68, 1.02-5.19), outdoor activities time<2h per day (OR=2.28, 95%CI: 1.22-4.26), junior high school students with low BMI (OR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.11-2.67), whose teacher "never or occasionally" reminded reading and writing posture (OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.06-2.12), who were not strict with requiring standing and sitting posture themselves (OR=2.51, 1.99, 95%CI: 1.29-4.86, 1.06-3.74), senior high school students with low BMI (OR=1.89, 95%CI: 1.47-2.41) who had activities in the teaching building during recess (OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.02-1.75), distance from chest to the edge of table "never or occasionally" more than 1 fist away during reading and writing (OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.05-1.53) had a higher risk of spinal curvature abnormality and myopiaco-morbidity (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The co-morbidity of spinal curvature abnormality and myopia was associated with daytime outdoor exercise and sedentary behavior with bad posture. Early screening and early treatment of spinal curvature abnormality and myopia should be strengthened among adolescent students, especially in urban, female and emaciated students.

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目的

分析广州市2019—2023年中小学生脊柱弯曲异常与近视共患流行状况及其相关因素,为学生常见病“共病-共因-共防”机制建立提供参考。

方法

2019―2023年每年9月,采取分层整群随机抽样方法,对广州市4 248、4 230、4 266、25 476、25 587名中小学生开展脊柱弯曲异常和近视筛查以及问卷调查。采用χ2检验比较组间差异和进行单因素分析,采用多因素logistic回归模型探究脊柱弯曲异常与近视共患影响因素。

结果

2019―2023年广州市中小学生脊柱弯曲异常与近视共患率为2.96%~6.00%。各学段学生、总体中小学生5年间两病共患率差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,已来月经或遗精(OR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.04~3.02)、每天视屏时间2~<3h和≥3h(OR=3.06, 2.28, 95% CI: 1.41~6.68, 1.02~5.19)、每天白天户外活动<2h(OR=2.28, 95% CI: 1.22~4.26)的四至六年级小学生,消瘦(OR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.11~2.67)、老师“从不或偶尔”提醒读写姿势(OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.06~2.12)、对坐姿/站姿自我要求不严格(OR=2.51, 1.99, 95% CI: 1.29~4.86, 1.06~3.74)的初中生,消瘦(OR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.47~2.41)、课间休息时在教学楼内活动(OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.02~1.75)、读写时胸离桌沿“从不或偶尔”超过一拳(OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.05~1.53)的高中生两病共患风险相对较高(P值均<0.05)。

结论

广州市中小学生脊柱弯曲异常与近视共患与日间运动锻炼、不良姿势久坐行为相关。应加强青春期学生,尤其是城区、女性、消瘦学生脊柱弯曲异常和近视早筛早治。

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刘伟佳,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=DvFMhVG6fDIapiCylagngQ==, magXml=jbzdzo8GpkNKIfNXHyyMmw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=LPVLrVyWHX0bSzMWplZOuw==, pdfFileSize=705695, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=SmSSxoFE/mS+LB+oQnuQew==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

孙艺(1990—),女,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:学生常见病防治工作

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A longitudinal study on the progression and influencing factors of myopia in primary school students from grade one to grade three in Hubei Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology, 2021, 57(10): 749-756. (In Chinese), articleTitle=A longitudinal study on the progression and influencing factors of myopia in primary school students from grade one to grade three in Hubei Province, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241771824485302991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771808039437283, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=100, issue=3, pageStart=302, pageEnd=311, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Lanca C, Yam JC, Jiang WJ, journalName=Acta Ophthalmologica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lanca C, Yam JC, Jiang WJ, et al. Near work, screen time, outdoor time and myopia in schoolchildren in the Sunflower Myopia AEEC Consortium[J]. 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Current biomechanical researches for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis[J]. China Modern Doctor, 2023, 61(15): 118-121. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Current biomechanical researches for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241771825391272702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771808039437283, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=12, pageStart=1878, pageEnd=1882, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=31, authorNames=许惠玉, 秦冉, 张京舒, journalName=中国学校卫生, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许惠玉,秦冉,张京舒,.中小学生读写姿势与近视关联的多水平模型分析[J].中国学校卫生202344(12):1878-1882., articleTitle=中小学生读写姿势与近视关联的多水平模型分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241771825508713220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771808039437283, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=12, pageStart=1878, pageEnd=1882, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Xu HY, Qin R, Zhang JS, journalName=Chinese Journal of School Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu HY, Qin R, Zhang JS, et al. A multilevel model analysis of the association between reading and writing posture with myopia in primary and secondary school students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2023, 44(12): 1878-1882. (In Chinese), articleTitle=A multilevel model analysis of the association between reading and writing posture with myopia in primary and secondary school students, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241771825663902474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771808039437283, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=3, pageStart=415, pageEnd=419, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=33, authorNames=王正静, 赵粟, 谷浩, journalName=国际眼科杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王正静,赵粟,谷浩,.近视与调节功能的相关性研究现状[J].国际眼科杂志202424(3):415-419., articleTitle=近视与调节功能的相关性研究现状, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241771825789731603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771808039437283, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=3, pageStart=415, pageEnd=419, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Wang ZJ, Zhao S, Gu H, journalName=International Eye Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang ZJ, Zhao S,Gu H, et al. Research status of correlation between myopia and accommodative function[J]. International Eye Science, 2024, 24(3): 415-419. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Research status of correlation between myopia and accommodative function, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241771819796070919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771808039437283, awardId=A2024214, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省医学科研基金项目(A2024214), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241771819913511440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771808039437283, awardId=20221A011068, language=CN, fundingSource=广州市卫生健康科技项目(20221A011068), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241771820009980439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771808039437283, awardId=2021-2023-11, language=CN, fundingSource=广州市医学重点学科(2021-2023-11), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241771810228863004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771808039437283, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241771810233057309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771808039437283, companyId=1241771810228863004, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of School Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241771810249834527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771808039437283, companyId=1241771810228863004, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.广州市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生部,广东 广州 510440)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241771810312749094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771808039437283, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241771810325332009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771808039437283, companyId=1241771810312749094, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广州市疾病预防控制中心主任室)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241771810425995315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771808039437283, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241771810434383925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771808039437283, companyId=1241771810425995315, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.广东省疾病预防控制中心环境与学校卫生所)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241771817350791596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771808039437283, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of the co-morbidity rate of spinal curvature abnormality and myopia in primary and middle school students in Guangzhou from 2019 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份脊柱弯曲异常与近视共患率%(检出人数/受检人数)
小学初中普通高中职业高中中小学
20190.57(12/2 100)4.91(54/1 099)9.37(74/790)6.56(17/259)3.70(157/4 248)
20200.71(15/2 109)5.38(58/1 079)7.43(59/794)12.50(31/248)3.85(163/4 230)
20211.00(21/2 096)7.42(83/1 118)13.77(111/806)16.67(41/246)6.00(256/4 266)
20220.43(49/11 470)3.86(233/6 041)6.27(357/5 690)5.01(114/2 275)2.96(753/25 476)
20230.61(70/11 500)3.73(224/6 000)6.37(354/5 559)6.61(167/2 528)3.19(815/25 587)
χ212.0638.4471.8063.20111.50
P0.017<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241771817426289077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771808039437283, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2019―2023年广州市中小学生脊柱弯曲异常与近视共患率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份脊柱弯曲异常与近视共患率%(检出人数/受检人数)
小学初中普通高中职业高中中小学
20190.57(12/2 100)4.91(54/1 099)9.37(74/790)6.56(17/259)3.70(157/4 248)
20200.71(15/2 109)5.38(58/1 079)7.43(59/794)12.50(31/248)3.85(163/4 230)
20211.00(21/2 096)7.42(83/1 118)13.77(111/806)16.67(41/246)6.00(256/4 266)
20220.43(49/11 470)3.86(233/6 041)6.27(357/5 690)5.01(114/2 275)2.96(753/25 476)
20230.61(70/11 500)3.73(224/6 000)6.37(354/5 559)6.61(167/2 528)3.19(815/25 587)
χ212.0638.4471.8063.20111.50
P0.017<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241771817539535295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771808039437283, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Univariate analysis of spinal curvature abnormality and myopia co-morbidity ofdifferent phases of studying students from Guangzhou in 2023 (n=19 788)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素选项小学(n=5 816)初中(n=5 958)高中(n=8 014)
两病共患
[n(%)]
χ2P两病共患
[n(%)]
χ2P两病共患
[n(%)]
χ2P
监测点城区61(1.27)7.310.007209(4.30)22.66<0.001508(6.81)21.65<0.001
郊区3(0.30)14(1.28)10(1.79)
性别10(0.32)37.01<0.00156(1.78)71.46<0.001166(4.15)70.81<0.001
54(1.99)167(5.94)352(8.77)
消瘦60(1.16)1.670.196187(3.47)11.430.001433(6.02)22.89<0.001
4(0.61)36(6.29)85(10.35)
来月经或遗精42(0.88)12.61<0.00149(2.06)30.82<0.00166(5.09)4.810.028
22(2.15)174(4.85)452(6.73)
一周做到每天≥60 min中高强度运动天数0天10(1.86)3.300.19222(4.49)2.410.300116(8.41)11.610.003
1~6天44(1.06)173(3.82)360(6.18)
7天10(0.90)28(2.97)42(5.17)
周末或节假日做到每天≥60 min中高强度运动都能+多数能做到23(0.89)2.270.32249(2.77)12.240.00282(4.95)11.600.003
一半日子能做到14(1.11)54(3.28)95(5.84)
几乎+少数能做到27(1.36)120(4.71)341(7.21)
一周上体育课节数不达标15(0.83)1.690.19316(3.96)0.060.81135(7.16)0.420.520
达标49(1.22)207(3.73)483(6.42)
根据身高调整课桌椅高度少于一学年一次25(1.15)0.090.771112(3.64)0.180.673328(6.16)2.510.113
不少于一学年一次39(1.07)111(3.85)190(7.08)
课间休息时活动场所教学楼内57(1.27)5.100.024194(4.09)7.910.005454(6.89)11.290.001
户外7(0.53)29(2.38)64(4.48)
每天放学后读写时间<1 h11(0.96)22(4.65)6.700.15353(5.24)3.490.480
1~<2 h29(1.19)0.450.97863(3.10)130(6.99)
2~<3 h15(1.10)74(3.57)117(6.39)
≥3 h7(1.10)55(4.66)201(6.60)
不知道2(0.95)9(4.52)17(6.34)
读写时胸离桌沿超过一拳从不或偶尔30(1.08)0.020.882123(3.95)0.760.384336(7.22)10.420.001
经常或总是34(1.12)100(3.52)182(5.42)
读写时眼离书本超过一尺从不或偶尔32(1.24)0.880.348122(4.20)3.250.072312(6.96)4.090.043
经常或总是32(0.99)101(3.31)206(5.84)
读写时手指离笔尖一寸从不或偶尔31(1.35)2.240.135117(4.31)4.420.035271(6.55)0.100.748
经常或总是33(0.94)106(3.27)247(6.37)
老师提醒读写姿势从不或偶尔40(1.18)0.480.487181(4.27)11.360.001435(6.59)0.930.335
经常或总是24(0.99)42(2.44)83(5.89)
每天视屏时间<1 h43(0.99)11.450.010140(3.77)2.740.434257(6.35)7.790.050
1~<2 h6(0.72)43(4.10)95(8.00)
2~<3 h8(2.76)12(2.45)61(6.92)
≥3 h7(1.98)28(3.94)105(5.53)
躺着或趴着看书或电子屏幕从不或偶尔55(1.05)1.550.214190(3.74)0.000.985399(6.48)0.010.939
经常或总是9(1.62)33(3.75)119(6.43)
每天白天户外活动时间不知道4(1.19)7.130.0286(2.53)6.710.0359(3.98)9.960.007
<2 h47(1.39)143(4.30)388(7.03)
≥2 h13(0.62)74(3.09)121(5.34)
每天睡眠时间<8h10(1.29)0.290.592109(3.97)0.740.389416(6.71)2.680.102
≥8 h54(1.07)114(3.55)102(5.63)
背书包习惯双肩包背胸前2(1.48)2.350.6721(0.74)7.120.13017(7.14)0.200.995
双肩包背背后60(1.13)199(3.75)434(6.46)
双肩包背一侧2(1.09)12(3.83)42(6.34)
背单肩包0(0.00)7(7.53)20(6.41)
用带轮书包0(0.00)4(3.77)5(6.33)
自我感觉书包重量很轻0(0.00)6.240.28410(3.91)3.130.68137(4.89)6.820.235
较轻3(0.63)33(4.50)134(6.54)
中等23(0.98)109(3.74)249(6.56)
较重26(1.45)47(3.44)71(7.76)
很重11(1.32)21(3.99)13(4.98)
没感觉1(0.51)3(1.89)14(5.88)
对坐姿/站姿自我要求无所谓,舒服就行12(1.49)3.660.30054(4.48)10.840.013139(5.44)12.820.005
有时会监督自己23(1.02)116(4.02)290(7.44)
时常会提醒自己20(1.34)42(3.51)65(6.06)
时刻保持良好姿势9(0.72)11(1.64)24(4.93)
), ArticleFig(id=1241771819091427788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771808039437283, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2023年广州市不同学段学生脊柱弯曲异常与近视共患的单因素分析(n=19 788)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素选项小学(n=5 816)初中(n=5 958)高中(n=8 014)
两病共患
[n(%)]
χ2P两病共患
[n(%)]
χ2P两病共患
[n(%)]
χ2P
监测点城区61(1.27)7.310.007209(4.30)22.66<0.001508(6.81)21.65<0.001
郊区3(0.30)14(1.28)10(1.79)
性别10(0.32)37.01<0.00156(1.78)71.46<0.001166(4.15)70.81<0.001
54(1.99)167(5.94)352(8.77)
消瘦60(1.16)1.670.196187(3.47)11.430.001433(6.02)22.89<0.001
4(0.61)36(6.29)85(10.35)
来月经或遗精42(0.88)12.61<0.00149(2.06)30.82<0.00166(5.09)4.810.028
22(2.15)174(4.85)452(6.73)
一周做到每天≥60 min中高强度运动天数0天10(1.86)3.300.19222(4.49)2.410.300116(8.41)11.610.003
1~6天44(1.06)173(3.82)360(6.18)
7天10(0.90)28(2.97)42(5.17)
周末或节假日做到每天≥60 min中高强度运动都能+多数能做到23(0.89)2.270.32249(2.77)12.240.00282(4.95)11.600.003
一半日子能做到14(1.11)54(3.28)95(5.84)
几乎+少数能做到27(1.36)120(4.71)341(7.21)
一周上体育课节数不达标15(0.83)1.690.19316(3.96)0.060.81135(7.16)0.420.520
达标49(1.22)207(3.73)483(6.42)
根据身高调整课桌椅高度少于一学年一次25(1.15)0.090.771112(3.64)0.180.673328(6.16)2.510.113
不少于一学年一次39(1.07)111(3.85)190(7.08)
课间休息时活动场所教学楼内57(1.27)5.100.024194(4.09)7.910.005454(6.89)11.290.001
户外7(0.53)29(2.38)64(4.48)
每天放学后读写时间<1 h11(0.96)22(4.65)6.700.15353(5.24)3.490.480
1~<2 h29(1.19)0.450.97863(3.10)130(6.99)
2~<3 h15(1.10)74(3.57)117(6.39)
≥3 h7(1.10)55(4.66)201(6.60)
不知道2(0.95)9(4.52)17(6.34)
读写时胸离桌沿超过一拳从不或偶尔30(1.08)0.020.882123(3.95)0.760.384336(7.22)10.420.001
经常或总是34(1.12)100(3.52)182(5.42)
读写时眼离书本超过一尺从不或偶尔32(1.24)0.880.348122(4.20)3.250.072312(6.96)4.090.043
经常或总是32(0.99)101(3.31)206(5.84)
读写时手指离笔尖一寸从不或偶尔31(1.35)2.240.135117(4.31)4.420.035271(6.55)0.100.748
经常或总是33(0.94)106(3.27)247(6.37)
老师提醒读写姿势从不或偶尔40(1.18)0.480.487181(4.27)11.360.001435(6.59)0.930.335
经常或总是24(0.99)42(2.44)83(5.89)
每天视屏时间<1 h43(0.99)11.450.010140(3.77)2.740.434257(6.35)7.790.050
1~<2 h6(0.72)43(4.10)95(8.00)
2~<3 h8(2.76)12(2.45)61(6.92)
≥3 h7(1.98)28(3.94)105(5.53)
躺着或趴着看书或电子屏幕从不或偶尔55(1.05)1.550.214190(3.74)0.000.985399(6.48)0.010.939
经常或总是9(1.62)33(3.75)119(6.43)
每天白天户外活动时间不知道4(1.19)7.130.0286(2.53)6.710.0359(3.98)9.960.007
<2 h47(1.39)143(4.30)388(7.03)
≥2 h13(0.62)74(3.09)121(5.34)
每天睡眠时间<8h10(1.29)0.290.592109(3.97)0.740.389416(6.71)2.680.102
≥8 h54(1.07)114(3.55)102(5.63)
背书包习惯双肩包背胸前2(1.48)2.350.6721(0.74)7.120.13017(7.14)0.200.995
双肩包背背后60(1.13)199(3.75)434(6.46)
双肩包背一侧2(1.09)12(3.83)42(6.34)
背单肩包0(0.00)7(7.53)20(6.41)
用带轮书包0(0.00)4(3.77)5(6.33)
自我感觉书包重量很轻0(0.00)6.240.28410(3.91)3.130.68137(4.89)6.820.235
较轻3(0.63)33(4.50)134(6.54)
中等23(0.98)109(3.74)249(6.56)
较重26(1.45)47(3.44)71(7.76)
很重11(1.32)21(3.99)13(4.98)
没感觉1(0.51)3(1.89)14(5.88)
对坐姿/站姿自我要求无所谓,舒服就行12(1.49)3.660.30054(4.48)10.840.013139(5.44)12.820.005
有时会监督自己23(1.02)116(4.02)290(7.44)
时常会提醒自己20(1.34)42(3.51)65(6.06)
时刻保持良好姿势9(0.72)11(1.64)24(4.93)
), ArticleFig(id=1241771819204674007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771808039437283, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multiple logistic regression analysis of spinal curvature abnormality and myopia co-morbidities of different phases of studying among primary and secondary school students from Guangzhou in 2023 (n=19 788)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项β标准误Wald χ2POR值(95%CI)
小学
监测点郊区1.00
城区1.420.595.730.0174.15(1.30~13.29)
性别1.00
1.700.3523.54<0.0015.46(2.75~10.85)
来月经或遗精1.00
0.570.274.400.0361.77(1.04~3.02)
每天视屏时间<1h1.00
1~<2 h-0.320.440.540.4620.72(0.31~1.71)
2~<3 h1.120.407.930.0053.06(1.41~6.68)
≥3 h0.820.423.860.0492.28(1.02~5.19)
每天白天户外活动时间≥2 h1.00
不知道0.540.580.860.3551.71(0.55~5.33)
<2 h0.820.326.700.0102.28(1.22~4.26)
初中
监测点郊区1.00
城区1.220.2818.96<0.0013.37(1.95~5.83)
性别1.00
1.260.1662.45<0.0013.53(2.58~4.82)
消瘦1.00
0.550.225.960.0151.72(1.11~2.67)
老师提醒读写姿势经常或总是1.00
从不或偶尔0.410.185.260.0221.50(1.06~2.12)
对坐姿/站姿自我要求时刻保持良好姿势1.00
无所谓,舒服就行0.920.347.380.0072.51(1.29~4.86)
有时会监督自己0.690.324.540.0331.99(1.06~3.74)
时常会提醒自己0.600.352.980.0841.81(0.92~3.57)
高中
监测点郊区1.00
城区1.360.3217.76<0.0013.90(2.07~7.35)
性别1.00
0.780.1063.21<0.0012.18(1.80~2.65)
消瘦1.00
0.630.1325.17<0.0011.89(1.47~2.41)
课间休息时活动场所户外1.00
教学楼内0.290.144.320.0381.33(1.02~1.75)
读写时胸离桌沿超过一拳经常或总是1.00
从不或偶尔0.240.106.240.0131.27(1.05~1.53)
), ArticleFig(id=1241771819368251880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771808039437283, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2023年广州市不同学段学生脊柱弯曲异常与近视共患的多因素logistic回归分析(n=19 788)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项β标准误Wald χ2POR值(95%CI)
小学
监测点郊区1.00
城区1.420.595.730.0174.15(1.30~13.29)
性别1.00
1.700.3523.54<0.0015.46(2.75~10.85)
来月经或遗精1.00
0.570.274.400.0361.77(1.04~3.02)
每天视屏时间<1h1.00
1~<2 h-0.320.440.540.4620.72(0.31~1.71)
2~<3 h1.120.407.930.0053.06(1.41~6.68)
≥3 h0.820.423.860.0492.28(1.02~5.19)
每天白天户外活动时间≥2 h1.00
不知道0.540.580.860.3551.71(0.55~5.33)
<2 h0.820.326.700.0102.28(1.22~4.26)
初中
监测点郊区1.00
城区1.220.2818.96<0.0013.37(1.95~5.83)
性别1.00
1.260.1662.45<0.0013.53(2.58~4.82)
消瘦1.00
0.550.225.960.0151.72(1.11~2.67)
老师提醒读写姿势经常或总是1.00
从不或偶尔0.410.185.260.0221.50(1.06~2.12)
对坐姿/站姿自我要求时刻保持良好姿势1.00
无所谓,舒服就行0.920.347.380.0072.51(1.29~4.86)
有时会监督自己0.690.324.540.0331.99(1.06~3.74)
时常会提醒自己0.600.352.980.0841.81(0.92~3.57)
高中
监测点郊区1.00
城区1.360.3217.76<0.0013.90(2.07~7.35)
性别1.00
0.780.1063.21<0.0012.18(1.80~2.65)
消瘦1.00
0.630.1325.17<0.0011.89(1.47~2.41)
课间休息时活动场所户外1.00
教学楼内0.290.144.320.0381.33(1.02~1.75)
读写时胸离桌沿超过一拳经常或总是1.00
从不或偶尔0.240.106.240.0131.27(1.05~1.53)
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广州市2019—2023年中小学生脊柱弯曲异常与近视共患流行状况及相关因素分析
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孙艺 1 , 林蓉 1 , 曲亚斌 3 , 李梦 3 , 熊莉华 1 , 陈思宇 1 , 袁俊 2 , 刘伟佳 1
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(20): 3719-3724
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(20): 3719-3724
广州市2019—2023年中小学生脊柱弯曲异常与近视共患流行状况及相关因素分析
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孙艺1, 林蓉1, 曲亚斌3, 李梦3, 熊莉华1, 陈思宇1, 袁俊2, 刘伟佳1
作者信息
  • 1.广州市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生部,广东 广州 510440
  • 2.广州市疾病预防控制中心主任室
  • 3.广东省疾病预防控制中心环境与学校卫生所
  • 孙艺(1990—),女,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:学生常见病防治工作

通讯作者:

刘伟佳,E-mail:
Epidemic status and relevant factors on the co-morbidity of spinal curvature abnormality and myopia among primary and middle school students, Guangzhou, 2019-2023
Yi SUN1, Rong LIN1, Ya-bin QU3, Meng LI3, Li-hua XIONG1, Si-yu CHEN1, Jun YUAN2, Wei-jia LIU1
Affiliations
  • Department of School Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, China
出版时间: 2024-10-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405405
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目的

分析广州市2019—2023年中小学生脊柱弯曲异常与近视共患流行状况及其相关因素,为学生常见病“共病-共因-共防”机制建立提供参考。

方法

2019―2023年每年9月,采取分层整群随机抽样方法,对广州市4 248、4 230、4 266、25 476、25 587名中小学生开展脊柱弯曲异常和近视筛查以及问卷调查。采用χ2检验比较组间差异和进行单因素分析,采用多因素logistic回归模型探究脊柱弯曲异常与近视共患影响因素。

结果

2019―2023年广州市中小学生脊柱弯曲异常与近视共患率为2.96%~6.00%。各学段学生、总体中小学生5年间两病共患率差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,已来月经或遗精(OR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.04~3.02)、每天视屏时间2~<3h和≥3h(OR=3.06, 2.28, 95% CI: 1.41~6.68, 1.02~5.19)、每天白天户外活动<2h(OR=2.28, 95% CI: 1.22~4.26)的四至六年级小学生,消瘦(OR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.11~2.67)、老师“从不或偶尔”提醒读写姿势(OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.06~2.12)、对坐姿/站姿自我要求不严格(OR=2.51, 1.99, 95% CI: 1.29~4.86, 1.06~3.74)的初中生,消瘦(OR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.47~2.41)、课间休息时在教学楼内活动(OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.02~1.75)、读写时胸离桌沿“从不或偶尔”超过一拳(OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.05~1.53)的高中生两病共患风险相对较高(P值均<0.05)。

结论

广州市中小学生脊柱弯曲异常与近视共患与日间运动锻炼、不良姿势久坐行为相关。应加强青春期学生,尤其是城区、女性、消瘦学生脊柱弯曲异常和近视早筛早治。

脊柱弯曲异常  /  近视  /  学生  /  共病  /  回归分析
Objective

To analyze the co-morbidity of spinal curvature abnormality and myopia and the relevant factors in primary and middle school students in Guangzhou from 2019 to 2023, so as to provide references for the establishment of the mechanism of Co-morbidity, Shared Etiology, and Shared Prevention of common diseases in students.

Methods

From September 2019 to 2023, used stratified random cluster sampling, 4 248, 4 230, 4 266, 25 476, 25 587 primary and middle school students were selected as subjects for spinal curvature abnormality and myopia screening and questionnaire survey. The χ2test was used for comparing the group differences and univariate analysis. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of their co-morbidity.

Results

the co-morbidity rates of spinal curvature abnormality and myopia were 2.96%-6.00% from 2019 to 2023 in primary and middle school students in Guangzhou. The differences in the co-morbidity rates among students of each phases of studying and the difference of the co-morbidity rate in primary and middle school students over the past 5 years were statistically significant (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low BMI junior and senior high school students (OR=1.72, 1.89, 95%CI: 1.11-2.67, 1.47-2.41) were more likely to suffer these two diseases. Primary school students in grades 4 to 6 who had menarche or spermatorrhea (OR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.04-3.02), screening time 2-<3h or≥3h per day (OR=3.06, 2.28, 95%CI: 1.41-6.68, 1.02-5.19), outdoor activities time<2h per day (OR=2.28, 95%CI: 1.22-4.26), junior high school students with low BMI (OR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.11-2.67), whose teacher "never or occasionally" reminded reading and writing posture (OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.06-2.12), who were not strict with requiring standing and sitting posture themselves (OR=2.51, 1.99, 95%CI: 1.29-4.86, 1.06-3.74), senior high school students with low BMI (OR=1.89, 95%CI: 1.47-2.41) who had activities in the teaching building during recess (OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.02-1.75), distance from chest to the edge of table "never or occasionally" more than 1 fist away during reading and writing (OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.05-1.53) had a higher risk of spinal curvature abnormality and myopiaco-morbidity (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The co-morbidity of spinal curvature abnormality and myopia was associated with daytime outdoor exercise and sedentary behavior with bad posture. Early screening and early treatment of spinal curvature abnormality and myopia should be strengthened among adolescent students, especially in urban, female and emaciated students.

Spinal curvature abnormality  /  Myopia  /  Students  /  Co-morbidity  /  Regression analysis
孙艺, 林蓉, 曲亚斌, 李梦, 熊莉华, 陈思宇, 袁俊, 刘伟佳. 广州市2019—2023年中小学生脊柱弯曲异常与近视共患流行状况及相关因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (20) : 3719 -3724 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405405
Yi SUN, Rong LIN, Ya-bin QU, Meng LI, Li-hua XIONG, Si-yu CHEN, Jun YUAN, Wei-jia LIU. Epidemic status and relevant factors on the co-morbidity of spinal curvature abnormality and myopia among primary and middle school students, Guangzhou, 2019-2023[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (20) : 3719 -3724 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405405
脊柱弯曲异常和近视已成为影响我国儿童青少年健康和全面发展的突出问题。以往研究显示[1-2],脊柱弯曲异常和近视可能存在共同行为和环境影响因素,二者患病人群存在重叠[3],探索“共因”、采取“共防”措施,在改善共病问题上能达到事半功倍的效果。目前我国有关二者共患相关研究报道较少,因此,本研究基于2019—2023年广州市近视等学生常见病和健康影响因素监测数据,分析脊柱弯曲异常与近视共患流行状况,探讨共病影响因素,为学生常见病“共病—共因—共防”机制建立提供参考。
根据《全国学生常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预技术工作手册》[4](简称工作手册)要求,采取分层整群随机抽样方法,按城郊分层,2019—2021年选择广州市1个城区和1个郊区,2022—2023年全市所有辖区均开展监测调查。按学段分层,城区随机抽取小学、初中、普通高中各2所,职业高中1所,郊区随机抽取小学、初中各2所,普通高中1所。按年级分层,以整班为单位,每年级至少抽取80名学生。最终共有4 248、4 230、4 266、25 476、25 587名中小学生纳入分析。本项目经广州市疾病预防控制中心伦理审查委员会批准(批号:GZCDC-ECHR-2019P0056),调查前已取得家长和学生知情同意。
按照《儿童青少年脊柱弯曲异常防控技术指南》[5]开展筛查,包括一般检查、前屈试验、脊柱运动试验、俯卧试验和脊柱侧弯测量仪检查。一般检查异常或前屈试验阳性或ATR≥5°者,脊柱运动试验后脊柱侧弯测量仪检查ATR≥5°为脊柱侧弯筛查阳性[5]。脊柱侧面检查有脊柱前凸或后凸体征,且俯卧试验阳性者为脊柱前后弯曲异常[5]
按照《儿童青少年近视筛查规范》[6]要求进行。远视力使用5米标准对数视力表检查,屈光在非睫状肌麻痹下使用台式自动电脑验光仪检测。裸眼远视力<5.0且非睫状肌麻痹下电脑验光等效球镜度数<-0.50 D为筛查性近视,单眼近视者、戴角膜塑形镜者纳入近视人数[7]
采用工作手册中小学版和中学版“学生健康状况及影响因素调查表”、“学生近视、脊柱弯曲异常及影响因素专项调查表”对四至六年级小学生和中学生开展问卷调查。该调查表已经过多轮专家论证和现场调查论证。小学三至六年级和初中每周3课时,高中阶段每周2课时为体育课课时数达标[8]
使用EpiData 3.1软件建立数据库,并进行数据双录入和一致性检验,采用Excel 2016和SPSS 26.0软件整理和统计分析数据。分类资料使用频数和率描述。采用χ2检验进行率的比较,采用二分类logistic回归模型分析脊柱弯曲异常与近视共患的相关因素。检验水准α=0.05。
2019—2023年广州市中小学生脊柱弯曲异常与近视共患率为3.70%、3.85%、6.00%、2.96%、3.19%。各学段学生、总体中小学生5年间两病共患率差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。见表1
三个学段学生两病共患率在监测点、性别、消瘦情况、来月经或遗精情况、课间休息时活动场所、每天视屏时间、每天白天户外活动时间、做到每天≥60 min中高强度运动天数、做到每天≥60 min中高强度运动频率(周末或节假日)、读写时超过一拳一尺一寸频率、老师提醒读写姿势频率、坐姿/站姿自我要求上差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。见表2
以两病共患与否为因变量(是=1,否=0),将单因素分析中有统计学意义的因素作为自变量纳入多因素logistic回归分析(向前LR法)。结果显示,已来月经或遗精(OR=1.77)、每天视屏时间2~<3 h和≥3 h(OR=3.06, 2.28)、每天白天户外活动时间<2h(OR=2.28)的四至六年级小学生,两病共患发生风险相对较高(P值均<0.05)。消瘦(OR=1.72)、老师“从不或偶尔”提醒读写姿势(OR=1.50)、对坐姿/站姿自我要求“无所谓,舒服就行”和“有时会监督自己”(OR=2.51, 1.99)的初中生两病共患发生风险相对较高(P值均<0.05)。消瘦(OR=1.89)、课间休息时在教学楼内活动(OR=1.33)、读写时胸离桌沿“从不或偶尔”超过一拳(OR=1.27)的高中生,两病共患发生风险相对较高(P值均<0.05)。见表3
本项调查结果显示,2019—2023年广州市中小学生脊柱弯曲异常与近视共患率为3.70%、3.85%、6.00%、2.96%和3.19%,高于内蒙古地区[1],各年两病共患率均为高中最高、小学最低,可能与随学龄增加,持续近距离用眼时间增多、不良姿势久坐、户外锻炼减少等危险因素日积月累以及青春期生长突增和激素分泌有关[9-11],提示脊柱弯曲异常和近视防控关口须前移。
已来月经或遗精是小学生脊柱弯曲异常与近视共患的危险因素,与魏汝硕等[12]、伍晓艳等[13]研究结果一致,确切机制尚未明确。每天视屏≥2 h、每天日间户外活动<2 h的小学生两病共患风险较高,以往一些学者的研究支持这一观点[3, 13-14],其发生机制可能与脊柱周围肌肉和韧带力量不足和不均衡,眼脉络膜血流速度减慢、睫状肌调节疲劳、多巴胺分泌减少等有关[9, 11, 15]
本项研究发现,消瘦的中学生更容易共患脊柱弯曲异常与近视。李凯洋等[2]、李梦等[16]的研究结果支持此结论。原因可能与骨骼肌肌力和肌含量对稳定躯体平衡、维持脊柱正常力线和支持力具有重要作用[9, 11],而前者与体重呈正相关[17],营养缺乏容易引起眼部疾病有关。
老师不常提醒读写姿势、对坐姿/站姿自我要求较低的初中生,课间休息在教学楼内活动、读写姿势“从不或偶尔”达到“一拳”的高中生两病共患风险较高。研究表明,青春期间长期不良姿态并缺乏运动锻炼引起的脊柱两侧受力不均可导致脊柱发育畸形[17-18],读写姿势不良可能通过双眼睫状肌调节功能不一致、远视性离焦、巩膜缺氧等机制与引发和加重近视[19-20]
综上,提出以下两病共防建议,一是加强四年级及以上师生家长脊柱健康教育,提升防治意识;二是重视四年级及以上女生(尤其是月经初潮将至期)、消瘦学生的脊柱弯曲异常筛查;三是从小学起养成每天日间户外活动2小时的习惯,利用好课间、体育课和校内托管班,指导学生开展增强肌肉骨骼力量的护脊运动;四是注重正确身体姿势管理,不躺卧看书和视屏;五是小学阶段严格控制如视屏等近距离持续用眼时间。总之,需以日间户外锻炼为主要抓手,实现脊柱弯曲异常与近视同防同控。
本研究的局限性在于筛查阳性与确诊存在差距,横断面研究无法验证因果关系,自填式问卷存在回忆偏倚,后续可针对共患确诊人群开展研究。
  • 广东省医学科研基金项目(A2024214)
  • 广州市卫生健康科技项目(20221A011068)
  • 广州市医学重点学科(2021-2023-11)
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2024年第51卷第20期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405405
  • 接收时间:2024-05-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-27
基金
广东省医学科研基金项目(A2024214)
广州市卫生健康科技项目(20221A011068)
广州市医学重点学科(2021-2023-11)
作者信息
    1.广州市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生部,广东 广州 510440
    2.广州市疾病预防控制中心主任室
    3.广东省疾病预防控制中心环境与学校卫生所

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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