Article(id=1241771807699698641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405472, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716998400000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773991069937, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1729785600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773991069937, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773991069937, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991069937, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241771801366299468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='20', pageStart='3649', pageEnd='3840', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773991068450, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991676896, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241774353457681403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241774353457681404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3657, endPage=3663, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241771808131711976, articleId=1241771807699698641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Association between cardiovascular risk factor clustering and elevated resting heart rate among 35-75 years old residents from community,Shanghai, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the association between the accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors and the elevated resting heart rate in community residents aged 35-75 years in Shanghai

Methods

Participates were obtained from the China PEACE Million Persons Projects. 8 districts in Shanghai were selected from 2017 to 2019, and the screening was carried out between adults aged 35 to 75 years in communities. Questionnaires, physical examinations and laboratory tests were conducted. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test were used to compare groups by using R 4.2.2 software. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to explore the correlation between the number of common risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, the combination of different risk factors and elevated resting heart rate.

Results

Among 87934 participants, the mean age was 59.1±9.7 years. Compared with the group with no risk factors, the OR(95%CI) for elevated resting heart rate for the groups with 1, 2, 3 and ≥4 risk factor were 1.42(1.36-1.47)、1.70(1.53-1.77)、1.94(1.84-2.05)and 2.17(1.99-2.36), respectively. The risk of elevated RHR was the most strongly influenced by the cardiovascular risk factor clustering number in the female group aged 35 to 44 with ≥4 risk factors,and the OR(95%CI) was 3.77 (2.10-4.27). In the combination of risk factors, more metabolic risk factors were associated with a higher risk of elevated resting heart rate.

Conclusion

Resting heart rate may serve as a simple and practical indicator of the cumulative effect of multiple cardiovascular risk factors, which can help early identification of individuals at high cardiovascular risk in relatively healthy people, so as to enable early intervention.

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目的

探讨上海市35~75岁社区居民心血管病危险因素聚集与静息心率升高的关联性。

方法

研究基于国家“心血管病高危人群早期筛查与综合干预项目”,于2017—2019年对上海市8个区35~75岁常住居民开展问卷调查、体格检查与生化检测。采用R 4.2.2统计软件,通过Kruskal-Wallis检验和Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel检验进行组间比较,多元logistic回归探索心血管病常见危险因素聚集数量、危险因素组合与静息心率升高的关联性。

结果

纳入87 934名调查对象,平均年龄为(59.1±9.7)岁,暴露于1、2、3和≥4个危险因素者静息心率升高风险OR值(95%CI)分别为1.42(1.36~1.47)、1.70(1.53~1.77)、1.94(1.84~2.05)和2.17(1.99~2.36)。亚组分析结果表明,中青年女性暴露(35~44岁组)≥4个危险因素者与静息心率升高的关联效应较高(OR=3.77,95% CI:2.10~4.27)。危险因素组合中,代谢危险因素较多时,静息心率升高的风险较高。

结论

静息心率或可作为多个心血管病危险因素累积效应的一个简单、实用的指标,有助于早期识别相对健康人群中的心血管高风险个体,特别是中青年人群中的心血管病高风险个体,从而尽早进行综合干预。

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施燕,E-mail:
顾海雁,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Te7Dgd1LFR3icH6x4E3EiQ==, magXml=MiJIekusDFE0Gaa9dz/5Dw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=6LSFMWatrX5PC7vt1yL9Eg==, pdfFileSize=921435, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=hxNveuRe/rKrghetXg46qQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=KI9xU+JID5htyeEHGkhdEw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王英全(1995—),男,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:慢性病预防控制。

浦震梅(1990—),女,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:慢性病预防控制。

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Association between resting heart rate and metabolic syndrome: a cohort study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241771819921900050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807699698641, awardId=GWVI-8, language=CN, fundingSource=上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023-2025年)(GWVI-8), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241771820030951960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807699698641, awardId=GWVI-11.1-22, language=CN, fundingSource=上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023-2025年)公共卫生重点学科建设项目(GWVI-11.1-22), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241771820148392475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807699698641, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家卫生健康委重大公共卫生项目:心血管病高危人群早期筛查与综合干预(财社【2014】37号), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241771810782511189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807699698641, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241771810786705495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807699698641, companyId=1241771810782511189, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Institute of Chronic Non communicable Diseases and Injury Prevention and Control, Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241771810795094103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807699698641, companyId=1241771810782511189, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海市疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病与伤害防治所,上海 200050)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241771810891563104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807699698641, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241771810899951714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807699698641, companyId=1241771810891563104, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海市徐汇区疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241771817111716249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807699698641, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Association of different combinations of risk factors with the elevated resting heart rate, figureFileSmall=eeVyeJiYXhH1IzPwQLm+TQ==, figureFileBig=hxNveuRe/rKrghetXg46qQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241771817233351075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807699698641, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同危险因素组合与静息心率升高的关联性

注:调整性别、年龄组、家庭年收入和教育程度,HTN:高血压、DM:糖尿病、OB:肥胖、DYS:血脂异常、SMK:吸烟、ALC:饮酒。

, figureFileSmall=eeVyeJiYXhH1IzPwQLm+TQ==, figureFileBig=hxNveuRe/rKrghetXg46qQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241771817522758077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807699698641, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征合计
n=87 934)
危险因素聚集统计量P
0(n=29 142)1(n=28 179)2(n=19 174)3(n=8 587)≥4(n=2 852)
性别
31 740(36.1)6 689(23.0)9 125(32.4)8 479(44.2)5 130(59.7)2 317(81.2)744.122<0.001
56 194(63.9)22 453(77.0)19 054(67.6)10 695(55.8)3 457(40.3)535(18.8)
年龄组(岁)
35~449 333(10.6)6 018(20.7)1 998(7.1)849(4.4)351(4.1)117(4.1)784.821<0.001
45~5415 402(17.5)7 043(24.2)4 511(16.0)2 374(12.4)1 046(12.2)428(15.1)
55~6433 998(38.7)10 022(34.4)11 292(40.1)7 848(40.9)3 571(41.6)1 265(44.3)
65~7529 201(33.2)6 059(20.7)10 378(36.8)8 103(42.3)3 619(42.1)1 042(36.5)
教育程度
小学及以下15 064(17.1)3 106(10.7)5 123(18.2)4 140(21.6)2 045(23.8)650(23.2)405.229<0.001
初中34 588(39.5)10 136(34.8)11 424(40.5)8 075(42.1)3 689(43.0)1 264(44.2)
高中32 139(36.5)12 249(42.0)10 186(36.1)6 265(32.7)2 598(30.3)841(29.4)
本科及以上5 579(6.3)3 438(11.8)1 273(4.5)576(3.0)211(2.5)81(2.7)
不详564(0.6)213(0.7)173(0.6)118(0.6)44(0.5)16(0.5)
家庭年收入(万元)
<13 018(3.4)768(2.6)975(3.5)805(4.2)368(4.3)102(3.5)1 623.032<0.001
1~527 219(31.0)6 807(23.4)9 056(32.1)6 900(36.0)3 343(38.9)1 113(39.0)
>548 874(55.6)18 373(63.0)15 238(54.1)9 707(50.6)4 158(48.4)1 398(49.0)
不详/拒绝回答8 823(10.0)3 194(11.0)2 910(10.3)1 762(9.2)718(8.4)239(8.5)
静息心率(次/分钟)75.5±9.774.8±8.475.5±9.976.1±10.476.7±10.776.8±10.8357.682<0.001
BMI(kg/m224.4±3.222.9±2.424.1±2.825.4±3.426.7±3.627.6±3.51 375.711<0.001
SBP(mmHg)132.7±17.4121.3±10.6134.6±16.8140.5±17.1143.6±17.0144.8±16.92 343.750<0.001
DBP(mmHg)78.5±9.773.8±7.479.6±9.681.5±9.983.3±10.085.0±10.11 223.840<0.001
TC(mmol/L)4.6±1.04.4±0.84.6±1.04.7±1.14.7±1.24.7±1.2591.280<0.001
TG(mmol/L)1.6±0.81.36±0.61.6±0.71.7±0.81.8±0.92.0±1.0459.690<0.001
HDL-C(mmol/L)1.4±0.41.5±0.41.4±0.41.4±0.41.4±0.41.4±0.41 627.230<0.001
LDL-C(mmol/L)2.5±0.92.4±0.72.5±0.92.5±1.02.5±1.12.5±1.1245.870<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241771819078844874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807699698641, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查对象基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征合计
n=87 934)
危险因素聚集统计量P
0(n=29 142)1(n=28 179)2(n=19 174)3(n=8 587)≥4(n=2 852)
性别
31 740(36.1)6 689(23.0)9 125(32.4)8 479(44.2)5 130(59.7)2 317(81.2)744.122<0.001
56 194(63.9)22 453(77.0)19 054(67.6)10 695(55.8)3 457(40.3)535(18.8)
年龄组(岁)
35~449 333(10.6)6 018(20.7)1 998(7.1)849(4.4)351(4.1)117(4.1)784.821<0.001
45~5415 402(17.5)7 043(24.2)4 511(16.0)2 374(12.4)1 046(12.2)428(15.1)
55~6433 998(38.7)10 022(34.4)11 292(40.1)7 848(40.9)3 571(41.6)1 265(44.3)
65~7529 201(33.2)6 059(20.7)10 378(36.8)8 103(42.3)3 619(42.1)1 042(36.5)
教育程度
小学及以下15 064(17.1)3 106(10.7)5 123(18.2)4 140(21.6)2 045(23.8)650(23.2)405.229<0.001
初中34 588(39.5)10 136(34.8)11 424(40.5)8 075(42.1)3 689(43.0)1 264(44.2)
高中32 139(36.5)12 249(42.0)10 186(36.1)6 265(32.7)2 598(30.3)841(29.4)
本科及以上5 579(6.3)3 438(11.8)1 273(4.5)576(3.0)211(2.5)81(2.7)
不详564(0.6)213(0.7)173(0.6)118(0.6)44(0.5)16(0.5)
家庭年收入(万元)
<13 018(3.4)768(2.6)975(3.5)805(4.2)368(4.3)102(3.5)1 623.032<0.001
1~527 219(31.0)6 807(23.4)9 056(32.1)6 900(36.0)3 343(38.9)1 113(39.0)
>548 874(55.6)18 373(63.0)15 238(54.1)9 707(50.6)4 158(48.4)1 398(49.0)
不详/拒绝回答8 823(10.0)3 194(11.0)2 910(10.3)1 762(9.2)718(8.4)239(8.5)
静息心率(次/分钟)75.5±9.774.8±8.475.5±9.976.1±10.476.7±10.776.8±10.8357.682<0.001
BMI(kg/m224.4±3.222.9±2.424.1±2.825.4±3.426.7±3.627.6±3.51 375.711<0.001
SBP(mmHg)132.7±17.4121.3±10.6134.6±16.8140.5±17.1143.6±17.0144.8±16.92 343.750<0.001
DBP(mmHg)78.5±9.773.8±7.479.6±9.681.5±9.983.3±10.085.0±10.11 223.840<0.001
TC(mmol/L)4.6±1.04.4±0.84.6±1.04.7±1.14.7±1.24.7±1.2591.280<0.001
TG(mmol/L)1.6±0.81.36±0.61.6±0.71.7±0.81.8±0.92.0±1.0459.690<0.001
HDL-C(mmol/L)1.4±0.41.5±0.41.4±0.41.4±0.41.4±0.41.4±0.41 627.230<0.001
LDL-C(mmol/L)2.5±0.92.4±0.72.5±0.92.5±1.02.5±1.12.5±1.1245.870<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241771819166925268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807699698641, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Association between the clustered cardiovascular risk factors and the elevated resting heart rate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素人数
(构成比,%)
危险因素个数[OR值(95%CI)]P趋势值
0123≥4
性别
男性31740(36.1)1.001.40(1.29~1.51)1.62(1.51~1.75)1.90(1.74~2.06)2.15(1.92~2.40)<0.001
女性56194(63.9)1.001.43(1.37~1.49)1.76(1.67~1.85)2.01(1.86~2.17)2.12(1.77~2.52)<0.001
年龄(岁)
35~449 333(10.6)1.001.51(1.35~1.68)1.84(1.57~2.15)2.15(1.68~2.62)2.48(1.62~2.95)<0.001
45~5415 402(17.5)1.001.42(1.31~1.54)1.71(1.55~1.90)2.02(1.86~2.33)2.34(1.71~2.75)<0.001
55~6433 998(38.7)1.001.35(1.27~1.44)1.60(1.50~1.71)1.83(1.69~1.99)1.93(1.71~2.19)<0.001
65~7529 201(33.2)1.001.28(1.20~1.39)1.46(1.35~1.57)1.52(1.38~1.66)1.58(1.37~1.82)<0.001
合计89 734(100.0)1.001.42(1.36~1.47)1.70(1.63~1.77)1.94(1.84~2.05)2.17(1.99~2.36)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241771819292754399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807699698641, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

心血管病危险因素聚集个数与静息心率升高的关联

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素人数
(构成比,%)
危险因素个数[OR值(95%CI)]P趋势值
0123≥4
性别
男性31740(36.1)1.001.40(1.29~1.51)1.62(1.51~1.75)1.90(1.74~2.06)2.15(1.92~2.40)<0.001
女性56194(63.9)1.001.43(1.37~1.49)1.76(1.67~1.85)2.01(1.86~2.17)2.12(1.77~2.52)<0.001
年龄(岁)
35~449 333(10.6)1.001.51(1.35~1.68)1.84(1.57~2.15)2.15(1.68~2.62)2.48(1.62~2.95)<0.001
45~5415 402(17.5)1.001.42(1.31~1.54)1.71(1.55~1.90)2.02(1.86~2.33)2.34(1.71~2.75)<0.001
55~6433 998(38.7)1.001.35(1.27~1.44)1.60(1.50~1.71)1.83(1.69~1.99)1.93(1.71~2.19)<0.001
65~7529 201(33.2)1.001.28(1.20~1.39)1.46(1.35~1.57)1.52(1.38~1.66)1.58(1.37~1.82)<0.001
合计89 734(100.0)1.001.42(1.36~1.47)1.70(1.63~1.77)1.94(1.84~2.05)2.17(1.99~2.36)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241771819426972144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807699698641, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Association between the clustered cardiovascular risk factors and the elevated resting heart ratein different gender and age groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)人数
(构成比,%)
危险因素个数[OR值(95%CI)]P趋势值
0123≥4
男性
35~443 340(10.5)1.001.56(1.29~1.89)2.09(1.68~2.61)3.16(2.41~4.13)3.54(2.28~4.89)<0.001
45~544 918(15.5)1.001.49(1.24~1.78)2.11(1.75~2.55)2.89(2.35~3.57)3.26(2.49~4.26)<0.001
55~6411 157(35.2)1.001.26(1.10~1.44)1.42(1.25~1.63)1.72(1.49~1.99)1.96(1.64~2.35)<0.001
65~7512 325(38.8)1.001.29(1.13~1.46)1.39(1.23~1.58)1.44(1.25~1.66)1.64(1.33~1.95)<0.001
女性
35~445 993(10.7)1.001.75(1.53~2.02)2.77(2.25~3.64)2.86(1.68~4.62)3.77(2.10~4.27)<0.001
45~5410 484(18.6)1.001.50(1.37~1.65)1.83(1.61~2.07)2.21(1.78~2.73)3.24(2.00~4.44)<0.001
55~6422 841(40.6)1.001.39(1.29~1.49)1.75(1.61~1.89)2.06(1.83~2.31)2.08(1.54~2.62)<0.001
65~7516 876(30.1)1.001.30(1.19~1.42)1.55(1.41~1.70)1.75(1.54~1.98)1.77(1.38~2.27)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241771819745739263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807699698641, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各性别年龄组心血管病危险因素聚集个数与静息心率升高的关联

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)人数
(构成比,%)
危险因素个数[OR值(95%CI)]P趋势值
0123≥4
男性
35~443 340(10.5)1.001.56(1.29~1.89)2.09(1.68~2.61)3.16(2.41~4.13)3.54(2.28~4.89)<0.001
45~544 918(15.5)1.001.49(1.24~1.78)2.11(1.75~2.55)2.89(2.35~3.57)3.26(2.49~4.26)<0.001
55~6411 157(35.2)1.001.26(1.10~1.44)1.42(1.25~1.63)1.72(1.49~1.99)1.96(1.64~2.35)<0.001
65~7512 325(38.8)1.001.29(1.13~1.46)1.39(1.23~1.58)1.44(1.25~1.66)1.64(1.33~1.95)<0.001
女性
35~445 993(10.7)1.001.75(1.53~2.02)2.77(2.25~3.64)2.86(1.68~4.62)3.77(2.10~4.27)<0.001
45~5410 484(18.6)1.001.50(1.37~1.65)1.83(1.61~2.07)2.21(1.78~2.73)3.24(2.00~4.44)<0.001
55~6422 841(40.6)1.001.39(1.29~1.49)1.75(1.61~1.89)2.06(1.83~2.31)2.08(1.54~2.62)<0.001
65~7516 876(30.1)1.001.30(1.19~1.42)1.55(1.41~1.70)1.75(1.54~1.98)1.77(1.38~2.27)<0.001
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上海市35~75岁社区居民心血管病危险因素聚集与静息心率升高的关联性研究
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王英全 1 , 浦震梅 2 , 杨群娣 1 , 郑杨 1 , 刘丹妮 1 , 王玉琢 1 , 施燕 1 , 顾海雁 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(20): 3657-3663
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(20): 3657-3663
上海市35~75岁社区居民心血管病危险因素聚集与静息心率升高的关联性研究
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王英全1, 浦震梅2, 杨群娣1, 郑杨1, 刘丹妮1, 王玉琢1, 施燕1 , 顾海雁2
作者信息
  • 1.上海市疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病与伤害防治所,上海 200050
  • 2.上海市徐汇区疾病预防控制中心
  • 王英全(1995—),男,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:慢性病预防控制。

    浦震梅(1990—),女,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:慢性病预防控制。

通讯作者:

施燕,E-mail:
顾海雁,E-mail:
Association between cardiovascular risk factor clustering and elevated resting heart rate among 35-75 years old residents from community,Shanghai
Ying-quan WANG1, Zhen-mei PU2, Qun-di YANG1, Yang ZHENG1, Dan-ni LIU1, Yu-zhuo WANG1, Yan SHI1 , Hai-yan GU2
Affiliations
  • Institute of Chronic Non communicable Diseases and Injury Prevention and Control, Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200050, China
出版时间: 2024-10-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405472
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目的

探讨上海市35~75岁社区居民心血管病危险因素聚集与静息心率升高的关联性。

方法

研究基于国家“心血管病高危人群早期筛查与综合干预项目”,于2017—2019年对上海市8个区35~75岁常住居民开展问卷调查、体格检查与生化检测。采用R 4.2.2统计软件,通过Kruskal-Wallis检验和Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel检验进行组间比较,多元logistic回归探索心血管病常见危险因素聚集数量、危险因素组合与静息心率升高的关联性。

结果

纳入87 934名调查对象,平均年龄为(59.1±9.7)岁,暴露于1、2、3和≥4个危险因素者静息心率升高风险OR值(95%CI)分别为1.42(1.36~1.47)、1.70(1.53~1.77)、1.94(1.84~2.05)和2.17(1.99~2.36)。亚组分析结果表明,中青年女性暴露(35~44岁组)≥4个危险因素者与静息心率升高的关联效应较高(OR=3.77,95% CI:2.10~4.27)。危险因素组合中,代谢危险因素较多时,静息心率升高的风险较高。

结论

静息心率或可作为多个心血管病危险因素累积效应的一个简单、实用的指标,有助于早期识别相对健康人群中的心血管高风险个体,特别是中青年人群中的心血管病高风险个体,从而尽早进行综合干预。

心血管病疾病  /  静息心率  /  危险因素聚集
Objective

To explore the association between the accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors and the elevated resting heart rate in community residents aged 35-75 years in Shanghai

Methods

Participates were obtained from the China PEACE Million Persons Projects. 8 districts in Shanghai were selected from 2017 to 2019, and the screening was carried out between adults aged 35 to 75 years in communities. Questionnaires, physical examinations and laboratory tests were conducted. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test were used to compare groups by using R 4.2.2 software. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to explore the correlation between the number of common risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, the combination of different risk factors and elevated resting heart rate.

Results

Among 87934 participants, the mean age was 59.1±9.7 years. Compared with the group with no risk factors, the OR(95%CI) for elevated resting heart rate for the groups with 1, 2, 3 and ≥4 risk factor were 1.42(1.36-1.47)、1.70(1.53-1.77)、1.94(1.84-2.05)and 2.17(1.99-2.36), respectively. The risk of elevated RHR was the most strongly influenced by the cardiovascular risk factor clustering number in the female group aged 35 to 44 with ≥4 risk factors,and the OR(95%CI) was 3.77 (2.10-4.27). In the combination of risk factors, more metabolic risk factors were associated with a higher risk of elevated resting heart rate.

Conclusion

Resting heart rate may serve as a simple and practical indicator of the cumulative effect of multiple cardiovascular risk factors, which can help early identification of individuals at high cardiovascular risk in relatively healthy people, so as to enable early intervention.

Cardiovascular disease  /  Resting heart rate  /  Risk factor clustering
王英全, 浦震梅, 杨群娣, 郑杨, 刘丹妮, 王玉琢, 施燕, 顾海雁. 上海市35~75岁社区居民心血管病危险因素聚集与静息心率升高的关联性研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (20) : 3657 -3663 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405472
Ying-quan WANG, Zhen-mei PU, Qun-di YANG, Yang ZHENG, Dan-ni LIU, Yu-zhuo WANG, Yan SHI, Hai-yan GU. Association between cardiovascular risk factor clustering and elevated resting heart rate among 35-75 years old residents from community,Shanghai[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (20) : 3657 -3663 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405472
心血管病(Cardiovascular disease, CVD)是威胁居民健康的重大公共卫生问题。据推算,我国现患人数达3.3亿人[1],每5例死亡中就有2例死于该病[2],长期占据居民死因谱首位。健康中国行动(2019—2030)明确指出,到2030年,心脑血管疾病死亡率降至190.7/10万[3],防控任务重大。研究发现,心血管病危险因素聚集个体更易患心血管疾病,且患病风险随危险因素聚集数量的增加而升高[4]。然而,常见危险因素如血压、血脂及血糖水平的升高等常隐匿发生,在检出时已造成血管病变,甚至已引发心肌梗死、脑卒中等心脑血管急性事件[5]。因此,探索有效的心血管病危险因素聚集识别指标,早期识别、干预高风险个体可在心血管疾病发病前期防控中发挥重要作用。静息心率升高同心血管病发病和死亡正相关[6],且静息心率具有易精准测量、快速和廉价的特点,利于疾病的早期识别[7]。近年来国内外研究认为单个心血管病危险因素与静息心率存在关联[8],而多个心血管病危险因素聚集对静息心率的影响可能更为突出,有待进一步探索;且既往研究多集中在静息心率与高血压、糖尿病等代谢相关危险因素间的关联,对行为和代谢相关危险因素聚集组合的研究不足。本研究基于国家心血管病高危人群早期筛查与综合干预项目资料,探讨社区居民心血管病危险因素聚集与静息心率升高之间的关系,并进一步探索危险因素聚集数量、组合与静息心率升高的关联性。
基于2017年7月至2019年7月在上海市开展的国家心血管病高危人群早期筛查与综合干预项目,根据城乡分布、人口结构等因素,综合考虑人口规模及稳定性的影响,选取长宁区、崇明区、杨浦区、静安区、宝山区、徐汇区、青浦区、嘉定区8个区纳入本项目[9]。调查对象为当年度35~75岁常住居民(筛查前12个月内在本市居住6个月以上的居民),以社区为单位进行整群抽样[9]。共计98 764人参与筛查,排除自报心脑血管病史(心律失常、冠心病、冠脉搭桥手术、心肌梗死、脑卒中等)居民,及静息心率、心血管病危险因素等主要变量缺失对象,87 934人纳入研究。研究通过中国医学科学院阜外医院(国家心血管病中心)伦理委员会审查[2014-574],调查对象均签署知情同意书。
采用国家心血管病中心统一设计的调查表,由经培训并考核通过的调查员进行面访调查。内容包括社会人口学特征(年龄、性别、地区、文化程度和家庭年收入等)、生活方式(吸烟和饮酒等),及既往疾病史(高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、心律失常、冠心病、冠脉搭桥、心肌梗塞、脑卒中等)。
采用电子身高体重仪测量身高和体重,采用皮软尺测量腰围。采用电子血压计(符合美国医疗器械促进协会颁布的评价电子血压计的国际标准)测量至少两次血压(若前后两次收缩压测量值的差异大于10 mmHg,则需进行第三次测量,并记录后两次血压值),同时收集心率值,以两次测量均值作为最终血压值和静息心率值。
Cardiocheck PA快速血脂仪(美国卡迪克公司)进行空腹血脂快速检测,测定总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的浓度水平。采用快速血糖仪(百捷PD-G001-2)进行空腹指尖血血糖检测。
本研究选择6项常见心血管病危险因素[10-13],包括4项代谢相关危险因素(包括高血压、糖尿病、肥胖、血脂异常)和2项行为相关危险因素(吸烟、饮酒)。①危险因素聚集:≥2个危险因素发生于同一个体的倾向称为“聚集性”。②静息心率升高:平均静息心率>80次/分钟[14];③高血压:平均收缩压≥140 mmHg和(或)平均舒张压≥90 mmHg,或自报经临床确诊的高血压病史,或服用降压药物者[15];④糖尿病:自报经临床诊断的糖尿病史、服用降血糖药物或注射胰岛素者[16];⑤:BMI=体重(kg)/身高(m)2;肥胖:BMI≥28.0 kg/m2[17];⑥血脂异常:自报经临床诊断的血脂异常病史者,当前接受降胆固醇药物治疗者,或存在以下至少一种情况:总胆固醇≥5.2 mmol/L;甘油三酯≥1.7 mmmol/L,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇<1.0 mmol/L,或低密度脂蛋白胆固醇≥3.4 mmol/L[18];⑦吸烟:包括“香烟、旱烟、水烟或烟斗等”,吸烟频率为“偶尔吸”、“大部分天数吸”、“每天吸”统一归类为“吸烟”;⑧饮酒:包括饮用各种含酒精饮料,不包括饮用无醇啤酒等,也不包括摄入含酒精的食品或药品,每周饮酒超过4次定义为饮酒[9]
连续变量通过均数()描述,组间差异采用Kruskal-Wallis检验。分类变量采用例数(百分比)进行描述,组间差异采用Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel检验。以静息心率升高为因变量,采用多元logistic回归分析心血管病危险因素聚集与静息心率升高的关联;采用Cochran-Armitage趋势检验评估心血管病危险因素聚集数量与静息心率升高的关联趋势。根据0、1、2、3、≥4个危险因素聚集数,对6项危险因素构建128个危险因素聚集组合,排除88个少于500人的组合后,最终保留40个组合。采用多元logistic回归分析静息心率升高与心血管病危险因素聚集组合的关联。相关分析均调整了年龄(年龄分层模型未调整)、性别(性别分层模型未调整)、教育状况和家庭年收入情况。以上统计学分析采用R 4.2.2软件,检验水准α=0.05。
研究对象年龄为(59.1±9.7)岁,36.1%为男性,平均静息心率为(75.5±9.7)次/分钟;初中文化程度占比最高(39.5%),家庭年收入超过5万元者占总人群的55.6%。33.1%的调查对象6项心血管病危险因素均未暴露,1个、2个、3个和≥4个心血管病危险因素聚集的检出率分别为32.0%、21.8%、9.8%和3.2%。各危险因素聚集组的性别、年龄、文化程度、家庭年收入、静息心率、BMI、SBP、DBP、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C等因素差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。见表1
调整相关因素后,与无危险因素者相比,暴露于1个(OR=1.42,95% CI:1.36~1.47,P<0.001)、2个(OR=1.70,95% CI:1.53~1.77,P<0.001)、3个(OR=1.94,95% CI:1.84~2.05,P<0.001)和≥4个(OR=2.17,95% CI:1.99~2.36,P<0.001)危险因素者静息心率升高风险较高,且升高风险可能随着危险因素聚集个数的增加而增强(P趋势<0.001)。见表2
结果表明,危险因素聚集数量与静息心率之间的关联性可能存在性别与年龄差异。在女性人群中,暴露于1个(OR=1.43,95% CI:1.37~1.49,P<0.001)、2个(OR=1.76,95% CI:1.67~1.85,P<0.001)、3个(OR=2.01,95% CI:1.86~2.17,P<0.001)危险因素者静息心率升高的风险较高。此外,各年龄组危险因素聚集个数对静息心率升高的风险可能随年龄的降低而升高,35~44岁组≥4个危险因素者静息心率升高的风险较高(OR=2.48,95% CI:1.62~2.95,P<0.001)见表2。亚组分析结果与总人群结果相近,35~44岁组年轻女性暴露于≥4个危险因素者静息心率升高的风险(OR=3.77,95% CI:2.10~4.27,P<0.001)较高。见表3
与无危险因素者相比,暴露于单一危险因素如患糖尿病(OR=1.64,95% CI:1.59~1.70,P<0.001)、高血压(OR=1.59,95% CI:1.54~1.64,P<0.001)、肥胖(OR=1.21,95% CI:1.16~1.26,P<0.001)、血脂异常(OR=1.12,95% CI:1.07~1.17,P<0.001)者静息心率升高的风险较高。吸烟、饮酒与静息心率升高间无显著统计学关联(P>0.05)。当暴露于≥2个危险因素时,同行为危险因素相比,危险因素组合中包含的代谢相关危险因素越多,静息心率升高的风险越高。暴露于3个危险因素的组合中,“高血压-糖尿病-肥胖”、“高血压-糖尿病-血脂异常”、“糖尿病-肥胖-吸烟”组静息心率升高的风险较高。见图1
本研究认为心血管病危险因素聚集数量与静息心率升高风险之间可能存在关联,关联风险在中青年女性中更为突出。与行为相关危险因素相比,代谢相关危险因素对静息心率升高风险的影响程度更大。静息心率或可作为多个心血管病危险因素累积效应的一个简单、实用的指标,有助于早期识别相对健康人群,特别是中青年人群中的心血管病高风险个体,从而尽早进行综合干预。
研究纳入高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、肥胖、吸烟、饮酒等6项心血管病常见危险因素[10-13]。结果表明,男性的危险因素聚集程度高于女性,随着年龄的增长,心血管病危险因素聚集程度总体呈上升趋势;随着文化水平的提升、家庭年收入的提高,危险因素聚集程度呈下降趋势,与同类研究结果类似[10-12, 19]。通常高水平流行的危险因素越多,聚集程度往往越强[20]。低文化水平老年群体,高血压、糖尿病等心血管病危险因素的高水平流行,很大程度上可加剧其他危险因素的聚集[11]。提示低文化水平的老年男性群体依然是开展心血管病综合干预的重点人群。
我市35~75岁居民的静息心率均值为(75.5±9.7)次/分钟,随着危险因素聚集数量的增加,平均静息心率逐渐升高(P<0.001)。静息心率由交感和副交感神经系统、内分泌系统及生活方式和环境因素等共同调节,在心血管系统中发挥重要作用,与心血管病危险因素水平及数量密切相关[21]。研究发现,危险因素聚集数量越多,其与静息心率的关联性越强(P趋势<0.05),与Jing等人[8]结果一致。且该结果在年轻居民中更为显著,原因可能在于同年轻人相比,老年人的交感神经敏感性更低。根据本研究,女性人群心血管病危险因素聚集数量与静息心率升高的关联风险较强。静息心率与高血压等心血管疾病的风险之间的性别差异尚未明确,部分研究认为男性心血管病危险因素聚集数量与静息心率升高的关联效应可能大于女性[8],该结果的不一致可能因为男性和女性的脂肪分布、激素水平等均不相同[22],且研究人群特征、心血管病危险因素选择方面存在差异[23]。研究者认为,女性组的关联效应较高可能在于女性交感神经活性高于男性,静息心率变异性更高[24]所致。
静息心率升高与高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、肥胖等代谢相关危险因素存在关联,与既往研究结果一致[25-28]。代谢相关危险因素既是独立的代谢性疾病,也是心血管疾病的重要危险因素[29]。高血压及糖、脂代谢异常等可引起静息心率升高,而静息心率升高又可加重高血压及糖、脂代谢紊乱的发生发展[30]。根据研究结果,不同的危险因素聚集组合对静息心率升高的影响程度存在差异,组合中包含以“高血压”、“糖尿病”为代表的代谢相关危险因素较多时,静息心率升高的风险较高,原因可能在于代谢相关危险因素间存在一定的协同作用[31-32]。此外,吸烟和饮酒单独暴露时,与静息心率升高的风险无统计学关联。而当两者组合或与其他代谢相关危险因素组合时,与静息心率升高的风险存在关联,提示多个行为危险因素同时暴露时,仍可能加大静息心率升高风险。
本研究对象覆盖全市八个区,具有一定的代表性。静息心率易于测量,或可作为多个心血管病危险因素累积效应的一个简单、实用的指标,具备较高的成本效益。在一般人群中,应注重推广健康生活方式,进行静息心率的长期、持续性监测;针对静息心率升高人群应制定并实施包括代谢、行为因素在内的综合干预策略,以期尽早降低居民心血管病风险[33]。同时,研究存在一定的局限性。第一,纳入研究分析的数据源自横断面调查,因果关联性有待进一步验证;第二,结论外推至经济条件或人口结构差异较大的区域人群受限。第三,膳食因素等对研究结果的影响尚不明确。研究结论有待今后在更广泛的人群中开展前瞻性研究加以验证。
  • 上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023-2025年)(GWVI-8)
  • 上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023-2025年)公共卫生重点学科建设项目(GWVI-11.1-22)
  • 国家卫生健康委重大公共卫生项目:心血管病高危人群早期筛查与综合干预(财社【2014】37号)
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2024年第51卷第20期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405472
  • 接收时间:2024-05-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-30
基金
上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023-2025年)(GWVI-8)
上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023-2025年)公共卫生重点学科建设项目(GWVI-11.1-22)
国家卫生健康委重大公共卫生项目:心血管病高危人群早期筛查与综合干预(财社【2014】37号)
作者信息
    1.上海市疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病与伤害防治所,上海 200050
    2.上海市徐汇区疾病预防控制中心

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施燕,E-mail:
顾海雁,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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