Article(id=1241771807276073921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403546, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711641600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773991069859, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1729785600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773991069859, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773991069859, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991069859, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241771801366299468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='20', pageStart='3649', pageEnd='3840', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773991068450, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991676896, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241774353457681403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241774353457681404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3769, endPage=3773, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241771807859082201, articleId=1241771807276073921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Difference and influencing factors of the participation of the elderly in mutual support for the aged in China, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To analyze the participation of mutual help and pension and influencing factors of the elderly in China, and to provide a reference basis for the long -term development of mutual help.
Methods Based on the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) data, single -factor deck analysis, non-conditional logistic regression and Shapley decomposition method was used to analyze the influencing factors and differences in the participation of the elderly people in my country.
Results The participation rate of mutual support for the elderly in China was only 19.72%, the participation level was low, and the awareness of mutual support for the elderly was weak. Multivariate Logistic regression results showed that the participation of the elderly in mutual support for themwas affected by the demographic characteristics, personal physical conditions, family conditions, pension concepts and ways. Shapley decomposition showed that the contribution rate of each factor to the elderly’s participation in mutual support for the elderly was different, and the physical condition of the elderly had the greatest impact on their participation in mutual support for the elderly, the contribution rate was 19.96%. The second was the participation in insurance and the need for help from others, with the contribution rates of 19.27% and 12.33% respectively.
Conclusion It’s of great importance tocreate a platform for mutual assistance for the elderly, improve the government incentive mechanism, improve the community support network, and create a good atmosphere of mutual assistance, strengthen mutual assistance pension and education, and play a role of family support.
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目的 分析我国老年人互助养老参与状况及影响因素,为互助养老长效发展提供参考依据。
方法 基于中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS)数据,采用单因素卡方分析、非条件logistic回归和Shapley分解法对我国老年人互助养老参与状况的影响因素及差异进行分析。
结果 我国老年人互助养老参与率仅达19.72%,参与水平偏低,互助养老意识较弱。多因素logistic回归结果表明,老年人互助养老参与状况受人口学特征、个人身体状况、家庭情况、养老观念及方式等因素的共同影响。Shapley分解显示,各因素对老年人互助养老参与状况解释贡献率不同,老年人身体状况对其互助养老参与影响最大,贡献率为19.96%;其次为参保情况和需要别人提供帮助,贡献率分别为19.27%、12.33%。
结论 打造互助养老平台,健全政府激励机制;完善社区支持网络,营造良好互助氛围;加强互助养老宣教,发挥家庭支持作用。
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本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=jN3s76hfPXDCiLVL03zJVA==, magXml=JOPRCEf3GacdJbgFL2xyRQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=+CV99u1EWH5hGzBybfM+eA==, pdfFileSize=656823, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=wk4bTtthobt1nnohKCAthQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=jDnLhOEd3KbGYnLD/81rkg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=
苏敏艳(1995—),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:养老服务管理
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51(11): 2043-2048.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Study on the influence of social and family elderly care on the social participation of the elderly, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241771816499347812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807276073921, awardId=2023SJYB0324, language=CN, fundingSource=2023年度江苏高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目(2023SJYB0324), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241771810228863003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807276073921, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241771810233057308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807276073921, companyId=1241771810228863003, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241771810241445919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807276073921, companyId=1241771810228863003, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=南京中医药大学,江苏 南京 210023)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241771815102644479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807276073921, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Shapley value of influencing factors of the elderly in mutual support for the aged in China, figureFileSmall=Y9koMNa0I+qrmk3UV3tMmA==, figureFileBig=wk4bTtthobt1nnohKCAthQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241771815215890696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807276073921, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
我国老年人参与互助养老状况影响因素的 Shapley 值, figureFileSmall=Y9koMNa0I+qrmk3UV3tMmA==, figureFileBig=wk4bTtthobt1nnohKCAthQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241771815501103396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807276073921, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Variable selection and assignment description
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量类型 | 变量名称 | 赋值说明 |
|---|
| 因变量 | 老年人互助养老参与状况 | 未参加=0,参加=1 |
| 自变量 | 地区 | 城镇=0,农村=1 |
| 性别 | 男=0,女=1 |
| 年龄 | 低龄老人60~69岁=1,中龄老人70~79岁=2,高龄老人80岁及以上=3 |
| 婚姻状况 | 无配偶=0,有配偶=1 |
| 受教育水平 | 小学及以下=1,初中-高中=2,大专及以上=3 |
| 参保情况 | 未参保=0,参保=1 |
| 身体状况 | 很不健康=1,比较不健康=2,一般=3,比较健康=4,很健康=5 |
| 生活上需要别人提供帮助 | 否=0,是=1 |
| 健在子女数 | 1个及以下=1,2个=2,3个=3,4个=4,5个及以上=5 |
| 子女的经济状况 | 非常困难=1,比较困难=2,基本够用=3,比较宽裕=4,非常宽裕=5 |
| 子女的生活支持(做家务频率) | 几乎没有=1,一年几次=2,每月至少一次=3,每周至少一次=4,几乎天天=5 |
| 子女的精神支持(与子女是否亲近) | 不亲近=1,一般=2,亲近=3 |
| 赡养老人是子女责任 | 非常不同意=1,有些不同意=2,不能确定=3,有些同意=4,非常同意=5 |
| 对养老院的了解程度 | 不了解=1,有些了解=2,了解=3 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241771815605961002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807276073921, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
变量选择及赋值说明
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量类型 | 变量名称 | 赋值说明 |
|---|
| 因变量 | 老年人互助养老参与状况 | 未参加=0,参加=1 |
| 自变量 | 地区 | 城镇=0,农村=1 |
| 性别 | 男=0,女=1 |
| 年龄 | 低龄老人60~69岁=1,中龄老人70~79岁=2,高龄老人80岁及以上=3 |
| 婚姻状况 | 无配偶=0,有配偶=1 |
| 受教育水平 | 小学及以下=1,初中-高中=2,大专及以上=3 |
| 参保情况 | 未参保=0,参保=1 |
| 身体状况 | 很不健康=1,比较不健康=2,一般=3,比较健康=4,很健康=5 |
| 生活上需要别人提供帮助 | 否=0,是=1 |
| 健在子女数 | 1个及以下=1,2个=2,3个=3,4个=4,5个及以上=5 |
| 子女的经济状况 | 非常困难=1,比较困难=2,基本够用=3,比较宽裕=4,非常宽裕=5 |
| 子女的生活支持(做家务频率) | 几乎没有=1,一年几次=2,每月至少一次=3,每周至少一次=4,几乎天天=5 |
| 子女的精神支持(与子女是否亲近) | 不亲近=1,一般=2,亲近=3 |
| 赡养老人是子女责任 | 非常不同意=1,有些不同意=2,不能确定=3,有些同意=4,非常同意=5 |
| 对养老院的了解程度 | 不了解=1,有些了解=2,了解=3 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241771815773733176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807276073921, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Single-factor chi-square analysis of the participation of the elderly in mutual support for the aged in China
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 未参与互助养老 | 参与互助养老 | χ2值 | P值 |
|---|
| 地区 | | | 16.326 | <0.001 |
| 城镇 | 3 296 | 712 | | |
| 农村 | 4 567 | 1 219 | | |
| 性别 | | | 3.062 | 0.080 |
| 男 | 3 938 | 1 010 | | |
| 女 | 3 925 | 921 | | |
| 年龄 | | | 2.319 | 0.314 |
| 低龄老年 | 993 | 238 | | |
| 中龄老年人 | 4 293 | 1 025 | | |
| 高龄老年人 | 2 577 | 668 | | |
| 婚姻状况 | | | 3.274 | 0.070 |
| 无配偶 | 2 314 | 528 | | |
| 有配偶 | 5 549 | 1 403 | | |
| 受教育水平 | | | 19.140 | <0.001 |
| 小学及以下 | 5 221 | 1 192 | | |
| 初中-高中 | 2 481 | 679 | | |
| 大专及以上 | 161 | 60 | | |
| 参保情况 | | | 25.329 | <0.001 |
| 未参保 | 1 806 | 549 | | |
| 参保 | 6 057 | 1 382 | | |
| 身体情况 | | | 102.861 | <0.001 |
| 很不健康 | 156 | 45 | | |
| 比较不健康 | 1 077 | 242 | | |
| 一般 | 3 133 | 672 | | |
| 比较健康 | 3 032 | 733 | | |
| 很健康 | 465 | 239 | | |
| 生活上需要别人提供帮助 | | | 17.484 | <0.001 |
| 否 | 7 338 | 1 749 | | |
| 是 | 525 | 182 | | |
| 健在子女数 | | | 19.668 | 0.001 |
| 1个及以下 | 4 805 | 1 270 | | |
| 2个 | 2 170 | 498 | | |
| 3个 | 663 | 124 | | |
| 4个 | 164 | 26 | | |
| 5个及以上 | 61 | 13 | | |
| 子女的经济状况 | | | 10.674 | 0.030 |
| 非常困难 | 30 | 16 | | |
| 比较困难 | 468 | 130 | | |
| 基本够用 | 4 848 | 1 205 | | |
| 比较宽裕 | 2 308 | 537 | | |
| 非常宽裕 | 209 | 43 | | |
| 子女的生活支持 | | | | |
| 几乎没有 | 2 144 | 437 | 33.818 | <0.001 |
| 一年几次 | 1 330 | 340 | | |
| 每月至少一次 | 1 713 | 378 | | |
| 每周至少一次 | 1 799 | 532 | | |
| 几乎天天 | 877 | 244 | | |
| 子女的精神支持 | | | 1.320 | 0.517 |
| 不亲近 | 86 | 20 | | |
| 一般 | 994 | 226 | | |
| 亲近 | 6 783 | 1 685 | | |
| 赡养老人是子女的责任 | | | 2.807 | 0.591 |
| 非常不同意 | 26 | 9 | | |
| 有些不同意 | 270 | 58 | | |
| 不能确定 | 1 331 | 346 | | |
| 有些同意 | 3 586 | 864 | | |
| 非常同意 | 2 650 | 654 | | |
| 对养老院的了解程度 | | | 29.923 | <0.001 |
| 不了解 | 3 936 | 899 | | |
| 有些了解 | 3 155 | 761 | | |
| 了解 | 772 | 271 | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1241771816004419907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807276073921, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
我国老年人互助养老参与状况单因素卡方分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 未参与互助养老 | 参与互助养老 | χ2值 | P值 |
|---|
| 地区 | | | 16.326 | <0.001 |
| 城镇 | 3 296 | 712 | | |
| 农村 | 4 567 | 1 219 | | |
| 性别 | | | 3.062 | 0.080 |
| 男 | 3 938 | 1 010 | | |
| 女 | 3 925 | 921 | | |
| 年龄 | | | 2.319 | 0.314 |
| 低龄老年 | 993 | 238 | | |
| 中龄老年人 | 4 293 | 1 025 | | |
| 高龄老年人 | 2 577 | 668 | | |
| 婚姻状况 | | | 3.274 | 0.070 |
| 无配偶 | 2 314 | 528 | | |
| 有配偶 | 5 549 | 1 403 | | |
| 受教育水平 | | | 19.140 | <0.001 |
| 小学及以下 | 5 221 | 1 192 | | |
| 初中-高中 | 2 481 | 679 | | |
| 大专及以上 | 161 | 60 | | |
| 参保情况 | | | 25.329 | <0.001 |
| 未参保 | 1 806 | 549 | | |
| 参保 | 6 057 | 1 382 | | |
| 身体情况 | | | 102.861 | <0.001 |
| 很不健康 | 156 | 45 | | |
| 比较不健康 | 1 077 | 242 | | |
| 一般 | 3 133 | 672 | | |
| 比较健康 | 3 032 | 733 | | |
| 很健康 | 465 | 239 | | |
| 生活上需要别人提供帮助 | | | 17.484 | <0.001 |
| 否 | 7 338 | 1 749 | | |
| 是 | 525 | 182 | | |
| 健在子女数 | | | 19.668 | 0.001 |
| 1个及以下 | 4 805 | 1 270 | | |
| 2个 | 2 170 | 498 | | |
| 3个 | 663 | 124 | | |
| 4个 | 164 | 26 | | |
| 5个及以上 | 61 | 13 | | |
| 子女的经济状况 | | | 10.674 | 0.030 |
| 非常困难 | 30 | 16 | | |
| 比较困难 | 468 | 130 | | |
| 基本够用 | 4 848 | 1 205 | | |
| 比较宽裕 | 2 308 | 537 | | |
| 非常宽裕 | 209 | 43 | | |
| 子女的生活支持 | | | | |
| 几乎没有 | 2 144 | 437 | 33.818 | <0.001 |
| 一年几次 | 1 330 | 340 | | |
| 每月至少一次 | 1 713 | 378 | | |
| 每周至少一次 | 1 799 | 532 | | |
| 几乎天天 | 877 | 244 | | |
| 子女的精神支持 | | | 1.320 | 0.517 |
| 不亲近 | 86 | 20 | | |
| 一般 | 994 | 226 | | |
| 亲近 | 6 783 | 1 685 | | |
| 赡养老人是子女的责任 | | | 2.807 | 0.591 |
| 非常不同意 | 26 | 9 | | |
| 有些不同意 | 270 | 58 | | |
| 不能确定 | 1 331 | 346 | | |
| 有些同意 | 3 586 | 864 | | |
| 非常同意 | 2 650 | 654 | | |
| 对养老院的了解程度 | | | 29.923 | <0.001 |
| 不了解 | 3 936 | 899 | | |
| 有些了解 | 3 155 | 761 | | |
| 了解 | 772 | 271 | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1241771816163803465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807276073921, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Non-conditional logistic regression of the participation of the elderly in mutual support for the aged in China
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 系数 | 标准误 | P值 | OR(95%CI) |
|---|
| 地区(对照组=城镇) | | | | |
| 农村 | 0.206 | 0.058 | <0.001 | 1.229(1.096~1.377) |
| 受教育水平(对照组=小学及以下) | | | | |
| 初中-高中 | 0.142 | 0.058 | 0.014 | 1.153(1.029~1.292) |
| 大专及以上 | 0.453 | 0.160 | 0.005 | 1.574(1.149~2.154) |
| 参保情况(对照组=未参保) | | | | |
| 参保 | -0.382 | 0.606 | <0.001 | 0.683(0.606~0.769) |
| 身体情况(对照组=很不健康) | | | | |
| 比较不健康 | -0.187 | 0.188 | 0.319 | 0.830(0.575~1.198) |
| 一般 | -0.181 | 0.181 | 0.317 | 0.835(0.585~1.190) |
| 比较健康 | -0.058 | 0.182 | 0.750 | 0.944(0.661~1.347) |
| 很健康 | 0.689 | 0.195 | <0.001 | 1.991(1.360~2.916) |
| 生活上需要别人提供帮助(对照组=否) | | | | |
| 是 | 0.435 | 0.096 | <0.001 | 1.544(1.280~1.864) |
| 健在子女数(对照组=1个及以下) | | | | |
| 2个 | -0.099 | 0.061 | 0.103 | 0.565(0.294~1.086) |
| 3个 | -0.295 | 0.106 | 0.005 | 0.483(0.258~0.905) |
| 4个 | -0.483 | 0.218 | 0.026 | 0.388(0.206~0.731) |
| 5个及以上 | -0.184 | 0.312 | 0.555 | 0.305(0.150~0.620) |
| 子女的经济状况(对照组=非常困难) | | | | |
| 比较困难 | -0.571 | 0.334 | 0.087 | 0.565(0.294~1.086) |
| 基本够用 | -0.727 | 0.320 | 0.023 | 0.483(0.258~0.905) |
| 比较宽裕 | -0.946 | 0.322 | 0.003 | 0.388(0.206~0.731) |
| 非常宽裕 | -1.187 | 0.362 | 0.001 | 0.305(0.150~0.620) |
| 子女的生活支持(对照组=几乎没有) | | | | |
| 一年几次 | 0.212 | 0.081 | 0.009 | 1.236(1.054~1.450) |
| 每月至少一次 | 0.023 | 0.079 | 0.768 | 1.024(0.876~1.196) |
| 每周至少一次 | 0.286 | 0.075 | <0.001 | 1.331(1.147~1.543) |
| 几乎天天 | 0.239 | 0.092 | 0.009 | 1.270(1.061~1.520) |
| 对养老院的了解程度(对照组=不了解) | | | | |
| 有些了解 | -0.010 | 0.058 | 0.868 | 0.990(0.885~1.109) |
| 了解 | 0.350 | 0.083 | <0.001 | 1.419(1.206~1.670) |
), ArticleFig(id=1241771816331575637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771807276073921, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
我国老年人互助养老参与状况非条件logistic回归
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 系数 | 标准误 | P值 | OR(95%CI) |
|---|
| 地区(对照组=城镇) | | | | |
| 农村 | 0.206 | 0.058 | <0.001 | 1.229(1.096~1.377) |
| 受教育水平(对照组=小学及以下) | | | | |
| 初中-高中 | 0.142 | 0.058 | 0.014 | 1.153(1.029~1.292) |
| 大专及以上 | 0.453 | 0.160 | 0.005 | 1.574(1.149~2.154) |
| 参保情况(对照组=未参保) | | | | |
| 参保 | -0.382 | 0.606 | <0.001 | 0.683(0.606~0.769) |
| 身体情况(对照组=很不健康) | | | | |
| 比较不健康 | -0.187 | 0.188 | 0.319 | 0.830(0.575~1.198) |
| 一般 | -0.181 | 0.181 | 0.317 | 0.835(0.585~1.190) |
| 比较健康 | -0.058 | 0.182 | 0.750 | 0.944(0.661~1.347) |
| 很健康 | 0.689 | 0.195 | <0.001 | 1.991(1.360~2.916) |
| 生活上需要别人提供帮助(对照组=否) | | | | |
| 是 | 0.435 | 0.096 | <0.001 | 1.544(1.280~1.864) |
| 健在子女数(对照组=1个及以下) | | | | |
| 2个 | -0.099 | 0.061 | 0.103 | 0.565(0.294~1.086) |
| 3个 | -0.295 | 0.106 | 0.005 | 0.483(0.258~0.905) |
| 4个 | -0.483 | 0.218 | 0.026 | 0.388(0.206~0.731) |
| 5个及以上 | -0.184 | 0.312 | 0.555 | 0.305(0.150~0.620) |
| 子女的经济状况(对照组=非常困难) | | | | |
| 比较困难 | -0.571 | 0.334 | 0.087 | 0.565(0.294~1.086) |
| 基本够用 | -0.727 | 0.320 | 0.023 | 0.483(0.258~0.905) |
| 比较宽裕 | -0.946 | 0.322 | 0.003 | 0.388(0.206~0.731) |
| 非常宽裕 | -1.187 | 0.362 | 0.001 | 0.305(0.150~0.620) |
| 子女的生活支持(对照组=几乎没有) | | | | |
| 一年几次 | 0.212 | 0.081 | 0.009 | 1.236(1.054~1.450) |
| 每月至少一次 | 0.023 | 0.079 | 0.768 | 1.024(0.876~1.196) |
| 每周至少一次 | 0.286 | 0.075 | <0.001 | 1.331(1.147~1.543) |
| 几乎天天 | 0.239 | 0.092 | 0.009 | 1.270(1.061~1.520) |
| 对养老院的了解程度(对照组=不了解) | | | | |
| 有些了解 | -0.010 | 0.058 | 0.868 | 0.990(0.885~1.109) |
| 了解 | 0.350 | 0.083 | <0.001 | 1.419(1.206~1.670) |
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