Article(id=1241771806395270041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405422, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716825600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773991069648, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1729785600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773991069648, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773991069648, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991069648, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241771801366299468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='20', pageStart='3649', pageEnd='3840', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773991068450, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991676896, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241774353457681403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241774353457681404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3781, endPage=3786, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241771806923752370, articleId=1241771806395270041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Study on the in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo expectorant and antitussive effects of extracts from superfine loquat branches, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To study the effects of superfine grinding treatment on the composition and efficacy of loquat branches.

Methods

After the loquat branches were superfine grinding treated, the contents of total phenols, total flavonoids, polysaccharides, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid in the extracts from loquat branches with different particle sizes were detected by spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of extracts from superfine loquat branches was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS free radical scavenging assay and FRAP assay. SPF-grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into blank/model control group, drug group, loquat leaf control group, and low, medium, and high dosage of superfine loquat branches according to their body weights. The expectorant effect of extracts from superfine loquat branches was evaluated by phenol red excretion assay, and the antitussive effect of extracts from superfine loquat branches was evaluated by ammonia-induced cough assay.

Results

The total phenol, total flavonoid and oleanolic acid contents of the three particle size loquat branch groups were higher than those of the branch control group (P<0.05, P<0.01), the total phenol and total flavonoid contents of the 220-mesh and 400-mesh loquat branch groups were higher than those of the leaf control group (P<0.05), and the ursolic acid contents of the 220-mesh and 400-mesh loquat branch groups were higher than those of the branch control group (P<0.01). In the in vitro experiment, the DPPH IC50 and ABTS IC50 of the three particle size loquat branch groups were lower than that of the branch control group (P<0.05), and the FRAP value was higher than that of the branch control group (P<0.05), and the DPPH IC50 and ABTS IC50 of the 200 mesh and 400 mesh loquat branch groups were lower than that of the leaf control group (P<0.05), and the FRAP value was higher than that of the leaf control group (P <0.05). In the phenol red excretion experiment, the phenol red excretion was significantly elevated in mice in the high-dose superfine loquat branch group (P<0.05). In the ammonia-induced cough experiment, both medium-dose and high-dose superfine loquat branches groups prolonged the latency period of coughing and the number of coughs in mice (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Appropriate superfine grinding treatment can increase the content of the efficacy components of loquat branches, enhance their antioxidant effect, and at the same time, they have certain expectorant and antitussive effects.

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目的

探究超微粉碎处理对枇杷枝条成分及功效的影响。

方法

枇杷枝条超微粉碎后,通过分光光度法和高效液相色谱法,检测不同粒径枇杷枝条提取液的总酚、总黄酮、多糖、熊果酸和齐墩果酸等功效成分含量。通过DPPH、ABTS自由基清除实验和FRAP实验,评价超微粉碎枇杷枝条提取液的体外抗氧化能力。将SPF级雄性昆明小鼠按体重随机分为空白/模型对照组、药物组、枇杷叶对照组、低、中、高剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组,利用酚红排泌实验评价超微粉碎枇杷枝条提取液的祛痰作用,利用氨水引咳实验评价超微粉碎枇杷枝条提取液的镇咳作用。

结果

三个粒径枇杷枝条组的总酚、总黄酮和齐墩果酸含量高于枝条对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),220目和400目枇杷枝条组的总酚和总黄酮含量高于叶对照组(P<0.05),220目和400目枇杷枝条组的熊果酸含量高于枝条对照组(P<0.01)。体外实验中,三个粒径枇杷枝条组DPPH IC50、ABTS IC50均低于枝条对照组(P<0.05),FRAP值高于枝条对照组(P<0.05),200目和400目枇杷枝条组的DPPH IC50、ABTS IC50低于叶对照组(P<0.05),FRAP值高于叶对照组(P<0.05)。酚红排泌实验中,高剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组小鼠酚红排泌量显著提升(P<0.05)。氨水引咳实验中,中剂量和高剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组均能延长小鼠咳嗽的潜伏期和咳嗽次数(P<0.05)。

结论

适当的超微粉碎处理可提高枇杷枝条的功效成分含量,增强其抗氧化作用,同时具有一定祛痰镇咳功效。

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吕晓华,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=a6wr0KxyQHYmgjK34GkoiA==, magXml=gbYgpMkcoYkNa7XWfRI67A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=o4XnNh4ZbqQ0ykIumOLLtQ==, pdfFileSize=997840, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=80Pa3ycf5T5oE/SjWptETg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=OQlG5ThI8MD2pBIkAqBF3w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王若彤(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:食品安全

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王若彤(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:食品安全

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Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid from eriobotryae folium by response surface method[J].China Food Additives, 2022, 33(4): 120-128. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid from eriobotryae folium by response surface method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241771828121764664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=32, issue=9, pageStart=2175, pageEnd=2177, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=33, authorNames=张娜, 吴绍康, 沈先荣, journalName=中华中医药学刊, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张娜,吴绍康,沈先荣,.枇杷叶水提物祛痰止咳及抗炎作用研究[J].中华中医药学刊201432(9):2175-2177., articleTitle=枇杷叶水提物祛痰止咳及抗炎作用研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241771828255982396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=32, issue=9, pageStart=2175, pageEnd=2177, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Zhang N, Wu SK, Shen XR, journalName=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang N,Wu SK, Shen XR, et al. Study on expectorant,antitussive and Anti-Inflammatory effects of aqueous extract of eriobotrya japonica leaves[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2014, 32(9): 2175-2177. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Study on expectorant,antitussive and Anti-Inflammatory effects of aqueous extract of eriobotrya japonica leaves, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241771828365034302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=29, issue=2, pageStart=100, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=35, authorNames=叶广亿, 李书渊, 陈艳芬, journalName=中药药理与临床, refType=null, unstructuredReference=叶广亿,李书渊,陈艳芬,.枇杷叶不同提取物的止咳化痰平喘作用比较研究[J].中药药理与临床201329(2):100-102., articleTitle=枇杷叶不同提取物的止咳化痰平喘作用比较研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241771828444726081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=29, issue=2, pageStart=100, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Ye GY, Li SY, Chen YF, journalName=Pharmacology and Clinics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ye GY, Li SY, Chen YF, et al. Comparative study on the effects of different extracts of loquat leaves on relieving cough and phlegm and asthma[J]. Pharmacology and Clinics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2013, 29(2): 100-102. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Comparative study on the effects of different extracts of loquat leaves on relieving cough and phlegm and asthma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241771828520223556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=33, issue=4, pageStart=821, pageEnd=823, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=37, authorNames=廖万忠, 刘微, 周贤强, journalName=时珍国医国药, refType=null, unstructuredReference=廖万忠,刘微,周贤强,.霸王花提取物止咳祛痰抗炎镇痛作用及初步机制研究[J].时珍国医国药202233(4):821-823., articleTitle=霸王花提取物止咳祛痰抗炎镇痛作用及初步机制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241771828612498248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=33, issue=4, pageStart=821, pageEnd=823, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Liao WZ, Liu W, Zhou XQ, journalName=Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liao WZ, Liu W, Zhou XQ, et al. Study on the effects and preliminary mechanism of extracts of Corylus vulgaris in relieving cough, expectorant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects[J]. Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research, 2022, 33(4): 821-823. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Study on the effects and preliminary mechanism of extracts of Corylus vulgaris in relieving cough, expectorant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241771828759298892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=13, pageStart=2792, pageEnd=2795, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=39, authorNames=王君明, 高家乐, 杜宇, journalName=中国老年学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王君明,高家乐,杜宇,.基于止咳、化痰、抗炎、镇痛作用的枇杷果与罗汉果配伍前后的药效差异[J].中国老年学杂志202141(13):2792-2795., articleTitle=基于止咳、化痰、抗炎、镇痛作用的枇杷果与罗汉果配伍前后的药效差异, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241771828851573584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=13, pageStart=2792, pageEnd=2795, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Wang JM, Gao JL, Du Y, journalName=Chinese Journal of Gerontology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang JM, Gao JL, Du Y, et al. Pharmacodynamic differences between loquat fruit and Luo Han Guo before and after compounding based on cough-relieving,phlegm-resolving,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects[J]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 2021, 41(13): 2792-2795. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Pharmacodynamic differences between loquat fruit and Luo Han Guo before and after compounding based on cough-relieving,phlegm-resolving,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241771812359569596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241771812367958205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, companyId=1241771812359569596, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241771812376346814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, companyId=1241771812359569596, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241771812669948104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241771812678336713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, companyId=1241771812669948104, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.北京市朝阳区疾病预防控制中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241771812967743693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241771812980326607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, companyId=1241771812967743693, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.兽用功能性多肽制备国家地方联合工程研究中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241771819485692404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effect of superfine loquat branches on the histopathology of lungs of mice induced to cough by ammonia water(HE×160), figureFileSmall=/xX6cB6J6UmGwZG3KoQLzg==, figureFileBig=80Pa3ycf5T5oE/SjWptETg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241771819791876614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, language=CN, label=图1, caption=超微粉碎枇杷枝条对氨水引咳小鼠肺组织病理的影响(HE×160)

注:A-正常组;B-模型对照组;C-999强力枇杷露组;D-叶对照组;E-低剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组; F-中剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组;G-高剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组。

, figureFileSmall=/xX6cB6J6UmGwZG3KoQLzg==, figureFileBig=80Pa3ycf5T5oE/SjWptETg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241771820047729177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Animal groupings and doses

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别动物数受试物剂量(g/ml)相当于生药(g/kg)
空白(模型)对照组10生理盐水--
药物组10酚红排泌实验:复方甘草浙贝氯化铵;P氨水引咳实验:999强力枇杷露0.0600.60
枇杷叶对照组10枇杷叶提取液0.3003.00
低剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组10220目枇杷枝条提取液0.0750.75
中剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组10220目枇杷枝条提取液0.3003.00
高剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组10220目枇杷枝条提取液1.20012.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241771820169364000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

动物分组和剂量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别动物数受试物剂量(g/ml)相当于生药(g/kg)
空白(模型)对照组10生理盐水--
药物组10酚红排泌实验:复方甘草浙贝氯化铵;P氨水引咳实验:999强力枇杷露0.0600.60
枇杷叶对照组10枇杷叶提取液0.3003.00
低剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组10220目枇杷枝条提取液0.0750.75
中剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组10220目枇杷枝条提取液0.3003.00
高剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组10220目枇杷枝条提取液1.20012.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241771820274221605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Efficacy components of superfine loquat branches(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组n总酚(mg GAE/g)总黄酮(mg RE/g)多糖(mg/g)熊果酸(μg/g)齐墩果酸(μg/g)
枇杷叶对照321.05±0.5345.49±3.9644.89±6.345 745.76±121.261 278.10±35.86
枇杷枝条对照318.09±0.99a36.35±1.02a37.95±3.60360.06±5.95b76.20±1.12b
100目枝条320.18±0.37c48.47±2.22c38.06±1.25413.57±11.27b81.90±3.26bd
220目枝条322.19±0.23ac57.12±2.49ac39.32±3.85957.24±5.06bd186.53±2.93bd
400目枝条322.48±0.70ac56.90±2.27ac39.70±3.90723.03±10.7bd132.68±2.34bd
), ArticleFig(id=1241771820400050732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

超微粉碎枇杷枝条的功效成分(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组n总酚(mg GAE/g)总黄酮(mg RE/g)多糖(mg/g)熊果酸(μg/g)齐墩果酸(μg/g)
枇杷叶对照321.05±0.5345.49±3.9644.89±6.345 745.76±121.261 278.10±35.86
枇杷枝条对照318.09±0.99a36.35±1.02a37.95±3.60360.06±5.95b76.20±1.12b
100目枝条320.18±0.37c48.47±2.22c38.06±1.25413.57±11.27b81.90±3.26bd
220目枝条322.19±0.23ac57.12±2.49ac39.32±3.85957.24±5.06bd186.53±2.93bd
400目枝条322.48±0.70ac56.90±2.27ac39.70±3.90723.03±10.7bd132.68±2.34bd
), ArticleFig(id=1241771820530074163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Antioxidant activity of superfine loquat branches(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品nDPPH IC50(μg/ml)ABTS IC50(μg/ml)FRAP(μmol/g)
枇杷叶对照组3330.43±12.88324.00±16.21394.47±11.47
枝条对照组3333.83±8.50325.27±15.51328.68±11.99a
100目枝条3276.93±10.84ab281.70±16.25ab387.34±9.1b
220目枝条3222.00±8.70ab263.20±14.0ab412.37±6.92ab
400目枝条3266.80±8.65ab222.33±11.32ab412.46±7.69ab
), ArticleFig(id=1241771820672680509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

超微粉碎枇杷枝条的抗氧化活性(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品nDPPH IC50(μg/ml)ABTS IC50(μg/ml)FRAP(μmol/g)
枇杷叶对照组3330.43±12.88324.00±16.21394.47±11.47
枝条对照组3333.83±8.50325.27±15.51328.68±11.99a
100目枝条3276.93±10.84ab281.70±16.25ab387.34±9.1b
220目枝条3222.00±8.70ab263.20±14.0ab412.37±6.92ab
400目枝条3266.80±8.65ab222.33±11.32ab412.46±7.69ab
), ArticleFig(id=1241771820811092549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effect of superfine loquat branches on phenol red excretion in mice(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别动物数剂量(g/kg)酚红排泌量(μg/ml)
空白对照组10-1.63±0.59
复方甘草浙贝氯化铵组100.602.63±0.5a
枇杷叶对照组103.002.23±0.48a
低剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组100.751.73±0.4b
中剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组103.002.02±0.45b
高剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组1012.002.35±0.36a
), ArticleFig(id=1241771820978864719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

超微粉碎枇杷枝条对小鼠酚红排泌量的影响(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别动物数剂量(g/kg)酚红排泌量(μg/ml)
空白对照组10-1.63±0.59
复方甘草浙贝氯化铵组100.602.63±0.5a
枇杷叶对照组103.002.23±0.48a
低剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组100.751.73±0.4b
中剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组103.002.02±0.45b
高剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组1012.002.35±0.36a
), ArticleFig(id=1241771821092110931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effect of superfine loquat branches on the latency and number of coughs in mice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别动物数剂量(g/kg)咳嗽潜伏期(s)215s内咳嗽次数
模型对照组10-36.7±13.796.1±32.9
999强力枇杷露组1010.0075.2±24.6a46.2±23.6a
枇杷叶对照组103.0061.3±24.7a65.9±23.9a
低剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组100.7554.7±21.282.8±32.9b
中剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组103.0064.6±23.2a69.5±24.9a
高剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组1012.0063.4±29.8a70.9±26.a
), ArticleFig(id=1241771821264077407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806395270041, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

超微粉碎枇杷枝条对小鼠咳嗽潜伏期和次数的影响(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别动物数剂量(g/kg)咳嗽潜伏期(s)215s内咳嗽次数
模型对照组10-36.7±13.796.1±32.9
999强力枇杷露组1010.0075.2±24.6a46.2±23.6a
枇杷叶对照组103.0061.3±24.7a65.9±23.9a
低剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组100.7554.7±21.282.8±32.9b
中剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组103.0064.6±23.2a69.5±24.9a
高剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组1012.0063.4±29.8a70.9±26.a
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超微粉碎枇杷枝条提取液的体外抗氧化活性及祛痰镇咳作用动物实验研究
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王若彤 1 , 温翠娟 1, 2 , 袁娟 3 , 廖俊米 3 , 吕晓华 1
现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2024,51(20): 3781-3786
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现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2024, 51(20): 3781-3786
超微粉碎枇杷枝条提取液的体外抗氧化活性及祛痰镇咳作用动物实验研究
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王若彤1, 温翠娟1, 2, 袁娟3, 廖俊米3, 吕晓华1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.北京市朝阳区疾病预防控制中心
  • 3.兽用功能性多肽制备国家地方联合工程研究中心
  • 王若彤(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:食品安全

通讯作者:

吕晓华,E-mail:
Study on the in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo expectorant and antitussive effects of extracts from superfine loquat branches
Ruo-tong WANG1, Cui-juan WEN1, 2, Juan YUAN3, Jun-mi LIAO3, Xiao-hua LYU1
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2024-10-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405422
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目的

探究超微粉碎处理对枇杷枝条成分及功效的影响。

方法

枇杷枝条超微粉碎后,通过分光光度法和高效液相色谱法,检测不同粒径枇杷枝条提取液的总酚、总黄酮、多糖、熊果酸和齐墩果酸等功效成分含量。通过DPPH、ABTS自由基清除实验和FRAP实验,评价超微粉碎枇杷枝条提取液的体外抗氧化能力。将SPF级雄性昆明小鼠按体重随机分为空白/模型对照组、药物组、枇杷叶对照组、低、中、高剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组,利用酚红排泌实验评价超微粉碎枇杷枝条提取液的祛痰作用,利用氨水引咳实验评价超微粉碎枇杷枝条提取液的镇咳作用。

结果

三个粒径枇杷枝条组的总酚、总黄酮和齐墩果酸含量高于枝条对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),220目和400目枇杷枝条组的总酚和总黄酮含量高于叶对照组(P<0.05),220目和400目枇杷枝条组的熊果酸含量高于枝条对照组(P<0.01)。体外实验中,三个粒径枇杷枝条组DPPH IC50、ABTS IC50均低于枝条对照组(P<0.05),FRAP值高于枝条对照组(P<0.05),200目和400目枇杷枝条组的DPPH IC50、ABTS IC50低于叶对照组(P<0.05),FRAP值高于叶对照组(P<0.05)。酚红排泌实验中,高剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组小鼠酚红排泌量显著提升(P<0.05)。氨水引咳实验中,中剂量和高剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组均能延长小鼠咳嗽的潜伏期和咳嗽次数(P<0.05)。

结论

适当的超微粉碎处理可提高枇杷枝条的功效成分含量,增强其抗氧化作用,同时具有一定祛痰镇咳功效。

枇杷枝条  /  超微粉碎  /  抗氧化  /  祛痰  /  镇咳
Objective

To study the effects of superfine grinding treatment on the composition and efficacy of loquat branches.

Methods

After the loquat branches were superfine grinding treated, the contents of total phenols, total flavonoids, polysaccharides, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid in the extracts from loquat branches with different particle sizes were detected by spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of extracts from superfine loquat branches was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS free radical scavenging assay and FRAP assay. SPF-grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into blank/model control group, drug group, loquat leaf control group, and low, medium, and high dosage of superfine loquat branches according to their body weights. The expectorant effect of extracts from superfine loquat branches was evaluated by phenol red excretion assay, and the antitussive effect of extracts from superfine loquat branches was evaluated by ammonia-induced cough assay.

Results

The total phenol, total flavonoid and oleanolic acid contents of the three particle size loquat branch groups were higher than those of the branch control group (P<0.05, P<0.01), the total phenol and total flavonoid contents of the 220-mesh and 400-mesh loquat branch groups were higher than those of the leaf control group (P<0.05), and the ursolic acid contents of the 220-mesh and 400-mesh loquat branch groups were higher than those of the branch control group (P<0.01). In the in vitro experiment, the DPPH IC50 and ABTS IC50 of the three particle size loquat branch groups were lower than that of the branch control group (P<0.05), and the FRAP value was higher than that of the branch control group (P<0.05), and the DPPH IC50 and ABTS IC50 of the 200 mesh and 400 mesh loquat branch groups were lower than that of the leaf control group (P<0.05), and the FRAP value was higher than that of the leaf control group (P <0.05). In the phenol red excretion experiment, the phenol red excretion was significantly elevated in mice in the high-dose superfine loquat branch group (P<0.05). In the ammonia-induced cough experiment, both medium-dose and high-dose superfine loquat branches groups prolonged the latency period of coughing and the number of coughs in mice (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Appropriate superfine grinding treatment can increase the content of the efficacy components of loquat branches, enhance their antioxidant effect, and at the same time, they have certain expectorant and antitussive effects.

Loquat branch  /  Superfine grinding  /  Antioxidant  /  Expectorant  /  Antitussive
王若彤, 温翠娟, 袁娟, 廖俊米, 吕晓华. 超微粉碎枇杷枝条提取液的体外抗氧化活性及祛痰镇咳作用动物实验研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (20) : 3781 -3786 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405422
Ruo-tong WANG, Cui-juan WEN, Juan YUAN, Jun-mi LIAO, Xiao-hua LYU. Study on the in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo expectorant and antitussive effects of extracts from superfine loquat branches[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (20) : 3781 -3786 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405422
枇杷[Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl]是我国传统药食同源植物,其叶、花、果实均可入药,具有润肺,下气,止渴之功效。我国是枇杷生产大国,种植面积占世界枇杷种植总面积的一半以上。枇杷树每年需进行整形修剪而产生大量废弃枝条,造成环境污染和资源浪费。有研究显示,枇杷枝条含有黄酮、酚酸、三萜酸等功效成分,具有抗氧化作用,对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶活性具有抑制作用[1]。但因枇杷枝条木质纤维含量较高,影响了功效成分的释放。超微粉碎技术通过降低物料的粒径,有利于物料中功效成分的溶出与释放,提高其生物活性[2-4]。本文研究超微粉碎处理对枇杷枝条成分的影响,在此基础上,利用体外试验和动物实验观察超微粉碎枇杷枝条提取液的抗氧化和祛痰镇咳作用,为枇杷枝条加工再利用提供科学依据。
枇杷叶和枇杷枝条洗净、晾干后粉碎过筛得到40目枇杷叶和枇杷枝条粉末作为对照组。取40目枝条粉末进行多次粉碎,分别过100目、220目和400目筛得到3种不同粒径的枇杷枝条粉末。根据参考文献[5]并做适当修改,对上述样品按液料比30:1(ml/g)加70%乙醇溶液,混匀后密封,超声提取、水浴浸提,离心后取上清液作为样品提取液,用于功效测定。
SPF级雄性昆明小鼠,18~22 g,由成都达硕实验动物有限公司提供(动物合格证号:SCXK(川)2020-030)。饲养条件:SPF级动物房(许可证号:SYXK(川)2021-242),室温22℃±2℃,相对湿度50%~60%,明暗交替周期12 h。动物自由摄食饮水,适应性喂养7天后开始实验。本实验经成都合拓创展实验动物管理与使用委员会审批(伦理审批号:2021APR05)。
在酚红排泌实验和氨水引咳实验中,分别将小鼠按体重随机分为6个组,详见表1
CS500A型高速多功能粉碎机(辰禾盛丰公司),UV-2700i紫外可见分光光度计(岛津),Waters 2695型高效液相色谱仪(Waters),MultiskanSkyHigh全波长酶标仪(Thermo Fisher Scientific),BX51型系统显微镜(OLYMPUS)。
葡萄糖标准品(合肥博美),芦丁标准品(中原植提中心),熊果酸标准品(西安汇林),没食子酸标准品、齐墩果酸标准品、1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-Diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radical,DPPH)、2,2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸[2,2’-azino bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS](上海麦克林),2,4,6-三(2-吡啶)-1,3,5-三嗪(2,4,6-Tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine,TPTZ)(合肥千盛),复方甘草浙贝氯化铵片(浙江康恩贝),999强力枇杷露(华润三九)。
根据参考文献检测枇杷叶对照、枇杷枝条对照、100目、220目和400目枝条提取液的总酚[6]、总黄酮[7]、多糖[8],熊果酸和齐墩果酸[9]含量,每个样品设3个平行样。
(1)DPPH自由基半数抑制浓度[10]
分别取各样品提取液120 μl,与80 μl 0.2 mmol/L的DPPH乙醇溶液组成反应液,室温避光反应30 min,于517 nm处测定吸光度值,计算DPPH自由基清除率。以样品浓度为横坐标(x)、DPPH自由基清除率为纵坐标(y)拟合非线性回归曲线,计算半数抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50),IC50越小表示清除DPPH自由基的能力越强。
A0:空白组(DPPH溶液+70%乙醇)的吸光度值;Aj:对照组(无水乙醇+样品溶液)的吸光度值;Ai:实验组的吸光度值。
(2)ABTS自由基半数抑制浓度[11]
分别取各样品提取液40 μl,与160 μl 7.4 mmol/L的ABTS母液组成反应液,溶液混匀后静置反应6 min,于734 nm处测定吸光度值,以 95%乙醇作为空白溶液进行调零。计算ABTS自由基清除率。以样品浓度为横坐标、ABTS自由基清除率为纵坐标拟合非线性回归曲线,计算其IC50
A0:乙醇的吸光度值;Ai:实验组的吸光度值
(3)总抗氧化能力[12]
亚铁还原能力(ferric ion reducing antioxidant power,FRAP)工作液:把pH 3.6 300 mmol/L醋酸盐缓冲溶液、20 mmol/L三氯化铁溶液和10 mmol/L TPTZ溶液按10:1:1混匀,现用现配,需预热至37℃。
取各样品提取液稀释20倍,取0.4 ml样品稀释液,加3.6 ml FRAP工作液,混匀,于37℃水浴反应半小时,于593 nm处测定吸光度值。根据标准曲线计算硫酸亚铁当量,结果以每克枇杷叶或枝条干重相当于FeSO4μmol表示。
各组实验动物按0.1 ml/10体重灌胃,每日1次,连续7 d。末次灌胃1 h后腹腔注射0.5%酚红溶液0.5 ml,30 min后颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,气管插管,用0.2 ml 5% NaHCO3溶液灌洗呼吸道,共3次,合并3次灌洗液,离心取上清液于546 nm处测定吸光度值,根据标准曲线计算酚红排泌量。
各组实验动物按0.1 ml/10 g体重灌胃,每日1次,连续8 d。末次灌胃1 h后将动物放入倒扣的含有4 ml 13%氨水的棉球的250 ml烧杯内,开始计时,到35 s时迅速将动物取出并转移至另一个倒扣的不含有氨水的1 L烧杯中180 s,观察并记录小鼠的咳嗽潜伏期和215 s内的咳嗽次数。
实验结束后从每组动物中随机选取3只颈椎脱臼处死,取左肺最大叶制作病理切片,显微镜下观察看小鼠肺部病理改变。另取3只未做任何处理的小鼠作为正常对照组,处死后制作肺部切片并观察。
实验结果用()表示。采用 SPSS 23.0软件对数据进行统计分析,检验水准α=0.05。若数据满足正态分布且方差齐,采用单因素方差分析计算F值,若P<0.05,采用LSD法进行组间比较;若数据不满足正态分布或方差不齐,采用非参数检验。
表2所示,枇杷枝条组的总酚、总黄酮、熊果酸和齐墩果酸含量均低于枇杷叶组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。三个粒径枇杷枝条组的总酚和总黄酮含量高于枝条对照组(P<0.05),220目和400目枇杷枝条组的总酚和总黄酮含量高于叶对照组(P<0.05)。220目和400目枇杷枝条组的熊果酸含量高于枝条对照组(P<0.01),三个粒径枇杷枝条组的齐墩果酸含量高于枝条对照组(P<0.01)。
表3所示,三个粒径枇杷枝条组DPPH IC50、ABTS IC50均低于枝条对照组(P<0.05),FRAP值高于枝条对照组(P<0.05)。200目和400目枇杷枝条组的DPPH IC50、ABTS IC50低于叶对照组(P<0.05),FRAP值高于叶对照组(P<0.05)。
表4所示,与空白对照组相比,复方甘草浙贝氯化铵组、叶对照组和高剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组小鼠的酚红排泌量显著增加(P<0.05)。
表5所示,与模型对照组相比,999强力枇杷露组、叶对照组、中剂量和高剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组小鼠咳嗽潜伏期延长(P<0.05),215 s内咳嗽次数减少(P<0.05)。
图1所示,正常组小鼠肺组织结构完整、形态正常。模型对照组小鼠肺组织大面积严重出血,肺泡壁增厚、萎缩不张,肺泡内有液体渗出。999强力枇杷露组小鼠肺组织出血量很少,肺泡形态较为正常,肺泡内几乎无渗出。枇杷叶对照组小鼠肺组织出血量较小,肺泡形态相对正常,渗出很少。超微粉碎枇杷枝条各组随着剂量的增加,肺组织出血和渗出减少,肺泡形态趋于正常。
超微粉碎技术通过机械作用或流体动力的方式使物料内部发生摩擦、碰撞、挤压、剪切等,将物料粉碎至微米甚至纳米级的粉体[15]。经过超微粉碎的粉体呈现出较强的溶解性、分散性、吸附性、流动性等多种特性[16]。食物经超微粉碎后利于营养成分的溶出,可更好地被人体消化吸收,超微粉碎技术目前已应用在枸杞、杂粮、姜等食品深加工[17-19]
本文中,枇杷枝条被超微粉碎后,随着粒径的减小,其总酚、黄酮类化合物等功效成分的含量增加,原因可能是枝条经超微粉碎后粒径减小,分布更均匀,比表面积增大且表面活性增强,提高了枝条功效成分的提取获得率。另外,超微粉碎处理对植物细胞壁的破坏作用增强,利于细胞内的功效成分释放与溶出[20]。但220目和400目枝条的总酚和总黄酮含量无显著差异,且220目枝条的熊果酸和齐墩果酸含量大于400目枝条,可能是因为超微粉碎时间过长或粉碎程度过细,物料受到的外力过大和热效应作用,导致部分功效成分结构被破坏,含量降低[21],且熊果酸和齐墩果酸在温度较高时,其稳定性下降,结构会发生变化,容易降解[22]
超微粉碎枇杷枝条的抗氧化作用增强,且抗氧化活性与超微粉碎处理后枇杷枝条的功效成分含量变化趋势一致,提示超微粉碎枇杷枝条中的总酚、总黄酮、多糖、熊果酸、齐墩果酸等功效成分在提高抗氧化能力方面发挥了关键作用。不同粒径枇杷枝条清除DPPH自由基的能力以220目枝条为最强,这与220目枝条中功效成分含量变化趋势一致,也印证了这些功效成分在提高抗氧化能力方面发挥了关键作用。
本文利用动物实验评价超微粉碎枇杷枝条的祛痰和镇咳作用,综合考虑不同粒径枇杷枝条的功效成分含量和体外抗氧化活性,选择220目枇杷枝条为研究对象,以超微粉碎枇杷枝条浓缩液最大浓度的75%作为高剂量组,根据文献[23-24],设计实验剂量。酚红排泌实验是目前用于评价药物祛痰效果较为可靠的方法,酚红排泌量越大,祛痰效果越好[25-26]。本文中,高剂量组小鼠的酚红排泌量显著增加,提示超微粉碎枇杷枝条具有一定的祛痰作用。氨水可刺激呼吸道感受器,引起咳嗽,氨水引咳实验常用于药物止咳效果的评价。本文中,中剂量和高剂量组均能延长小鼠咳嗽潜伏期并减少咳嗽次数。氨水的急性刺激主要引起小鼠肺部出血以及肺泡损伤,本文中各个剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组对氨水引起的小鼠肺部病理损伤均有一定的减轻作用,且中剂量超微粉碎枇杷枝条组效果最为明显。
综上所述,枇杷枝条经过超微粉碎处理后,其功效成分含量增加,抗氧化能力增强,同时具有一定的祛痰镇咳作用,具有良好的应用前景。
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2024年第51卷第20期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405422
  • 接收时间:2024-05-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-28
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    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
    2.北京市朝阳区疾病预防控制中心
    3.兽用功能性多肽制备国家地方联合工程研究中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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