Article(id=1241771806051340327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407193, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720627200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773991069566, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1729785600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773991069566, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773991069566, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991069566, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241771801366299468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='20', pageStart='3649', pageEnd='3840', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773991068450, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991676896, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241774353457681403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241774353457681404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3736, endPage=3740, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241771806433022003, articleId=1241771806051340327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Level and effect of medical insurance for five parts of cancer for urban and rural residents: a case study in Anhui Province, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To observe the level and effect of medical insurance for five sites of cancer in China using an area of Anhui Province as an example.

Methods

Using the district’s Medicare billing list data for the three-year period 2019-2021. Based on the concepts of actual compensation ratio, bottom-line compensation ratio and catastrophic health expenditure, the level and effect of medical security were calculated by level, cost and level of medical institution, etc.

Results

Overall, the out-of-pocket share of the patients was maintained at around 30%, the out-of-pocket share of patients with high medical expenses was small (16.59%). The level of tertiary medical institutions’ actual compensation ratio was low (65.81%-70.52%), but overallit still exceeded the bottom-line compensation ratio under the 40% and 25% catastrophic health expenditure standards.

Conclusion

The multi-level health insurance system has begun to bear fruit. There is a need to equalize the protection for different types of illnesses, to strengthen the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, and to pay further attention to the needs of patients with “serious illnesses and light treatment”.

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目的

以安徽某地为例观察我国五部位癌症的医疗保障水平及效果。

方法

使用该地2019—2021年三年间的医保结算清单数据,借鉴实际补偿比、底线补偿比和灾难性卫生支出的概念分医保体系层次、分费用段、分医疗机构级别等计算医疗保障水平与效果。

结果

总体上患者自付占比维持在30%左右;高额医疗费用患者自付占比较小(16.59%);三级医疗机构实际补偿比较低(65.81%~70.52%),但总体上依然超过了40%和25%灾难性卫生支出标准下的底线补偿比。

结论

多层次医保体系初见成效。需要均衡不同癌种的保障水平,进一步强化分级诊疗,关注“大病小治”患者的需求。

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王丽丹,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=GveKEyO7xdSMvi4zGQBn2w==, magXml=O/sMUFp9GC7Z7qjyX5OSLQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=B3MVeYhptj6k9rVDHL342w==, pdfFileSize=583133, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=0uYnNscdJvEnI8FPvLWuAw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

蒋加诚(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生经济与卫生政策

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蒋加诚(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生经济与卫生政策

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蒋加诚(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生经济与卫生政策

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Health Economics Research, 2022, 39(2): 14-18.(in Chinese), articleTitle=Practice and effect of critical illness insurance policy—empirical research from Yan’an city, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241771820739793617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806051340327, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=9, pageStart=60, pageEnd=62, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=28, authorNames=景军, 王健, 冷安丽, journalName=社会科学文摘, refType=null, unstructuredReference=景军,王健,冷安丽.生命代价之重与优逝善终之难——一项有关晚期癌症患者调查研究的启示[J].社会科学文摘2020,(9):60-62., articleTitle=生命代价之重与优逝善终之难——一项有关晚期癌症患者调查研究的启示, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241771820853039833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806051340327, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=9, pageStart=60, pageEnd=62, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Jing J, Wang J, Leng AL, journalName=Social Sciences Digest, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jing J, Wang J, Leng AL. The cost of life and the difficulty of a good death— Implications for a study investigating patients with advanced cancer[J]. Social Sciences Digest, 2020, (9): 60-62. 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The evolution of the death paradigm is about the problem of hospice care inChina[J]. 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Hierarchical level of medical coverage for five sites of cancer

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项目2019年2020年2021年
人均费用(元)占比(%)人均费用(元)占比(%)人均费用(元)占比(%)
基本医保21 82655.1722 01751.6219 36750.20
大病保险4 73911.985 97614.014 75512.33
医疗救助1 0502.652 1335.001 7604.56
个人自付11 93230.1612 52029.3512 66132.82
医疗总费用39 565100.0042 652100.0038 580100.00
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五部位癌症分层次保障水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目2019年2020年2021年
人均费用(元)占比(%)人均费用(元)占比(%)人均费用(元)占比(%)
基本医保21 82655.1722 01751.6219 36750.20
大病保险4 73911.985 97614.014 75512.33
医疗救助1 0502.652 1335.001 7604.56
个人自付11 93230.1612 52029.3512 66132.82
医疗总费用39 565100.0042 652100.0038 580100.00
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Medicare levels for five sites of cancer by medical cost segment

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年医疗费用分段(元)人数占比(%)人均总费用(元)各层次承担费用占比(%)
基本医保大病保险医疗救助个人自付
<0.5万9.203 46259.611.036.3432.86
0.5~1万12.267 24258.101.915.9034.07
1~5万48.1327 93353.715.834.0936.33
5~10万23.9668 72151.6214.093.3130.94
10~20万5.85130 41850.8221.035.2722.82
>20万0.60256 78248.7328.576.1016.59
), ArticleFig(id=1241771812783198517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806051340327, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

五部位癌症费用分段保障水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年医疗费用分段(元)人数占比(%)人均总费用(元)各层次承担费用占比(%)
基本医保大病保险医疗救助个人自付
<0.5万9.203 46259.611.036.3432.86
0.5~1万12.267 24258.101.915.9034.07
1~5万48.1327 93353.715.834.0936.33
5~10万23.9668 72151.6214.093.3130.94
10~20万5.85130 41850.8221.035.2722.82
>20万0.60256 78248.7328.576.1016.59
), ArticleFig(id=1241771813018079549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806051340327, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Actual compensation ratios for different levels of medical institutions(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
癌症类型一级二级三级
人次占比实际补偿比人次占比实际补偿比人次占比实际补偿比
乳腺癌0.0679.296.2276.3793.7269.64
结直肠癌0.4683.997.3475.8792.2069.58
肝癌0.4485.667.9076.7791.6669.06
肺癌0.7283.8910.2178.7789.0768.91
胃癌1.0481.0612.8577.3186.1067.51
总体0.6282.989.4777.5289.9268.82
), ArticleFig(id=1241771814523834695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806051340327, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同级别医疗机构实际补偿比(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
癌症类型一级二级三级
人次占比实际补偿比人次占比实际补偿比人次占比实际补偿比
乳腺癌0.0679.296.2276.3793.7269.64
结直肠癌0.4683.997.3475.8792.2069.58
肝癌0.4485.667.9076.7791.6669.06
肺癌0.7283.8910.2178.7789.0768.91
胃癌1.0481.0612.8577.3186.1067.51
总体0.6282.989.4777.5289.9268.82
), ArticleFig(id=1241771814670635343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806051340327, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Actual compensation ratios for five sites of cancer(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
癌症类型2019年2020年2021年FP
乳腺癌69.8069.0471.490.8860.413
结直肠癌70.0771.3067.974.5810.010
肝癌70.1570.2668.011.5580.211
肺癌69.8271.5266.0422.491<0.001
胃癌69.4069.5065.7010.371<0.001
总体69.8070.6467.0929.282<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241771814779687254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806051340327, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

五部位癌症实际补偿比(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
癌症类型2019年2020年2021年FP
乳腺癌69.8069.0471.490.8860.413
结直肠癌70.0771.3067.974.5810.010
肝癌70.1570.2668.011.5580.211
肺癌69.8271.5266.0422.491<0.001
胃癌69.4069.5065.7010.371<0.001
总体69.8070.6467.0929.282<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241771814918099300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806051340327, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Bottom-line compensation ratios for five cancer sites and their differences from the actual compensation ratios(%)

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CHE阈值癌症类型2019年2020年2021年
底线补偿比差值底线补偿比差值底线补偿比差值
40%乳腺癌29.0740.7313.5955.460.4171.08
结直肠癌30.6539.4233.7637.5423.8844.08
肝癌29.7840.3829.2740.9916.0651.95
肺癌29.5240.2929.0242.507.8758.17
胃癌14.3355.0719.2550.25-0.0265.72
25%乳腺癌55.6714.1345.9923.0537.7633.74
结直肠癌56.6613.4158.6012.7052.4315.54
肝癌56.1114.0455.7914.4747.5420.47
肺癌55.9513.8755.6415.8842.4223.62
胃癌46.4522.9449.5319.9637.4928.21
15%乳腺癌73.40-3.6067.601.4562.658.84
结直肠癌73.99-3.9275.16-3.8671.46-3.49
肝癌73.67-3.5173.47-3.2268.52-0.51
肺癌73.57-3.7573.38-1.8665.450.59
胃癌67.871.5269.72-0.2262.493.21
), ArticleFig(id=1241771815140397428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771806051340327, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

部位癌症底线补偿比及其与实际补偿比的差值(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CHE阈值癌症类型2019年2020年2021年
底线补偿比差值底线补偿比差值底线补偿比差值
40%乳腺癌29.0740.7313.5955.460.4171.08
结直肠癌30.6539.4233.7637.5423.8844.08
肝癌29.7840.3829.2740.9916.0651.95
肺癌29.5240.2929.0242.507.8758.17
胃癌14.3355.0719.2550.25-0.0265.72
25%乳腺癌55.6714.1345.9923.0537.7633.74
结直肠癌56.6613.4158.6012.7052.4315.54
肝癌56.1114.0455.7914.4747.5420.47
肺癌55.9513.8755.6415.8842.4223.62
胃癌46.4522.9449.5319.9637.4928.21
15%乳腺癌73.40-3.6067.601.4562.658.84
结直肠癌73.99-3.9275.16-3.8671.46-3.49
肝癌73.67-3.5173.47-3.2268.52-0.51
肺癌73.57-3.7573.38-1.8665.450.59
胃癌67.871.5269.72-0.2262.493.21
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城乡居民五部位癌症医疗保障水平与效果:以安徽某地为例
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蒋加诚 1 , 胡璐 1 , 陈柱 1 , 陈思璇 1 , 金心钰 1 , 王丽丹 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024,51(20): 3736-3740
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现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024, 51(20): 3736-3740
城乡居民五部位癌症医疗保障水平与效果:以安徽某地为例
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蒋加诚1, 胡璐1, 陈柱1, 陈思璇1, 金心钰1, 王丽丹1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.安徽医科大学卫生管理学院,安徽 合肥 230032
  • 2.安徽医科大学卫生政策研究中心
  • 蒋加诚(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生经济与卫生政策

通讯作者:

王丽丹,E-mail:
Level and effect of medical insurance for five parts of cancer for urban and rural residents: a case study in Anhui Province
Jia-cheng JIANG1, Lu HU1, Zhu CHEN1, Si-xuan CHEN1, Xin-yu JIN1, Li-dan WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
出版时间: 2024-10-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407193
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目的

以安徽某地为例观察我国五部位癌症的医疗保障水平及效果。

方法

使用该地2019—2021年三年间的医保结算清单数据,借鉴实际补偿比、底线补偿比和灾难性卫生支出的概念分医保体系层次、分费用段、分医疗机构级别等计算医疗保障水平与效果。

结果

总体上患者自付占比维持在30%左右;高额医疗费用患者自付占比较小(16.59%);三级医疗机构实际补偿比较低(65.81%~70.52%),但总体上依然超过了40%和25%灾难性卫生支出标准下的底线补偿比。

结论

多层次医保体系初见成效。需要均衡不同癌种的保障水平,进一步强化分级诊疗,关注“大病小治”患者的需求。

城乡居民  /  癌症  /  医疗保障水平  /  灾难性卫生支出
Objective

To observe the level and effect of medical insurance for five sites of cancer in China using an area of Anhui Province as an example.

Methods

Using the district’s Medicare billing list data for the three-year period 2019-2021. Based on the concepts of actual compensation ratio, bottom-line compensation ratio and catastrophic health expenditure, the level and effect of medical security were calculated by level, cost and level of medical institution, etc.

Results

Overall, the out-of-pocket share of the patients was maintained at around 30%, the out-of-pocket share of patients with high medical expenses was small (16.59%). The level of tertiary medical institutions’ actual compensation ratio was low (65.81%-70.52%), but overallit still exceeded the bottom-line compensation ratio under the 40% and 25% catastrophic health expenditure standards.

Conclusion

The multi-level health insurance system has begun to bear fruit. There is a need to equalize the protection for different types of illnesses, to strengthen the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, and to pay further attention to the needs of patients with “serious illnesses and light treatment”.

Urban and rural residents  /  Cancer  /  The level of medical security  /  Catastrophic health expenditure
蒋加诚, 胡璐, 陈柱, 陈思璇, 金心钰, 王丽丹. 城乡居民五部位癌症医疗保障水平与效果:以安徽某地为例. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (20) : 3736 -3740 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407193
Jia-cheng JIANG, Lu HU, Zhu CHEN, Si-xuan CHEN, Xin-yu JIN, Li-dan WANG. Level and effect of medical insurance for five parts of cancer for urban and rural residents: a case study in Anhui Province[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (20) : 3736 -3740 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407193
在共同富裕的目标引领下,癌症等重特大疾病患者的医疗费用负担问题是完善医保体系、促进医保高质量发展不可忽视的重点[1]。与此同时,随着我国对医疗保障机制认识的不断深化,我国的医疗保障体系也在日趋完善,群众看病就医负担持续减轻。当前我国已初步完成了主要以基本医疗保险为主体,以大病保险为补充,以医疗救助和财政兜底进行保底的三重医疗保障体系的构建[2-4]。此外,“医疗机构级别”“是否转诊”等因素下的差异化医保报销政策也会对患者实际享受到的医保水平造成一定影响。那么我国当前的医疗保障体系在实际运行中的保障水平如何?能否避免绝大多数灾难性卫生支出(Catastrophic health expenditure,CHE)的发生?本文以安徽某地为例,观察城乡居民五部位癌症患者的医疗保障水平及效果,以期推动优化我国的医疗保障体系。
本研究使用医疗保险结算清单数据,内含有2019—2021年三年间该地所有城乡居民参保人的住院信息,包括人口学特征以及住院相关数据。使用Excel对数据进行清洗和过滤。数据纳入标准:①主诊断为肺癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、胃癌或乳腺癌的住院患者;②出院时间在2019年1月—2021年12月之间。数据排除标准:①住院医疗机构级别等信息不全的数据(27条)。在上述标准的基础上将一名患者一年内的多条住院数据合并为一条,最终将7 301名病人的20 578条住院数据纳入分析。
恶性肿瘤作为高发病率、高死亡率、高经济负担的典型代表,在我国人口老龄化的背景下其患者人数呈现稳定增长的态势[5]。据统计,2020年中国新发癌症457万人,其中新发病例数前五的癌症分别是、结直肠癌、胃癌、乳腺癌和肝癌,这五种癌症占新发癌症数的58.7%[6]。同年在本研究地区这五部位癌症住院例数占所有癌症住院例数的比例为57.04%。因此,本文选择上述五部位癌症作为研究对象观察其当前的医疗保障水平和效果。
以“实际补偿比”作为评价五种癌症医疗保障水平的指标。借鉴其他研究对“实际补偿比”的定义[7-8],本文多层次医疗保障体系的“实际补偿比”是指对患者进行的多层次医疗费用补偿总额占实际发生的医疗总费用之比,实际补偿比=(基本医疗保险+大病保险+医疗救助)/医疗总费用*100%。
将“是否会发生CHE”作为医疗保障效果的主要评价标准。CHE的发生与家庭收入和医疗卫生支出紧密相关,国际上一般将一个家庭一年内用于医疗费用的支出达到或超过了该家庭可支配收入的40%定义为CHE[9-10]。结合相关研究和安徽省实际情况,本文将CHE阈值分别设为15%、25%和40%观察五部位癌症患者在当地家庭平均年收入水平(城乡居民人均可支配收入*户均人口数)下是否会发生CHE[11-12]
通过医疗费用“实际补偿比”与“底线补偿比”的差值判断“是否会发生CHE”,若差值为正,说明不会发生CHE;反之,则代表会发生。“底线补偿比”是指为避免患者发生CHE医保体系需提供的最低补偿水平,假设五部位癌症患者年均住院费用的底线补偿比为δ,家庭可支配收入为HDI,灾难性卫生支出阈值为CHET,住院费用为HE,则底线补偿比如下所示。
从医保体系各层次来看(见表1),总体上以基本医保支付为主(50.30%~55.17%),其次是个人自付(29.35%~32.82%)和大病保险(11.98%~14.01%)占比,医疗救助占比相对较少(2.65%~4.56%)。三年来的人均医疗总费用在4万元左右波动,其中基本医疗保险的报销占比呈下降趋势,大病保险和医疗救助的占比则呈波动上升趋势,个人自付占比在30%左右波动。整体上的实际补偿比在67.09%~70.63%之间。
从医疗费用各分段来看(见表2),患者花费以1~5万为主(48.13%),20万以上分段占比最低(0.60%)。其中各分段医疗费用的主要承担层次仍以基本医保为主,0.5万以下分段的基本医保占比最高(59.61%),在其他分段内的占比随医疗费用上升而逐渐下降;个人自付的占比随医疗费用的上升呈先上升后下降趋势,1~5万分段的个人自付占比最高(36.33%);大病保险的占比随医疗费用的上升呈上升趋势,20万以上分段的大病保险占比最高(28.57%),个人自付的占比最低(16.59%);医疗救助的占比随医疗费用的增加呈先下降后上升趋势,5~10万分段医疗救助的占比最低(3.31%),0.5万以下分段医疗救助占比最高(6.34%)。
从不同医疗机构级别来看(见表3),随着医疗机构级别的上升,医疗费用的实际补偿比逐渐下降。一级医疗机构实际补偿比最高(82.98%),其次是二级医疗机构(77.52%),三级医疗机构最低(68.82%)。尽管如此,绝大部分患者(89.92%)在发生上述癌症时依然会选择前往三级医疗机构就医,在一级医疗机构住院的人次占比不足1%,在二级医疗机构住院的人次占比不足10%。值得注意的是,不同癌症类型患者前往三级医疗机构就医的人数占比情况或与其在三级医疗机构的实际补偿比呈正相关,在三级医疗机构实际补偿比最高的是乳腺癌(69.64%),其患者前往三级机构住院的人次占比也最高(93.72%)。
从五部位癌症的实际补偿比来看(见表4),总体上2021年的实际补偿比相比前两年较低(67.09%),并且经过检验发现2021年与前两年的差异均具有统计学意义(检验水准α=0.05),2019与2020年的差异则不具有统计学意义。从不同癌症类型来看,三年来乳腺癌的实际补偿水平有所提高,其2021年的实际补偿比(71.49%)远超其他四部位癌症。而结直肠癌、肝癌、肺癌和胃癌的实际补偿比总体上均呈现下降趋势,从2019年的69.40%~70.15%下降至2021年的65.70%~68.01%,其中肺癌、结直肠癌和胃癌2021年与前两年的差异具有统计学意义。
表5可知,当地五部位癌症的底线补偿比呈现下降趋势,并且三年来的实际补偿比均远高于40%和25%CHE阈值下的底线补偿比,实际补偿比与底线补偿比的差值均为正。在15%阈值下出现了负值的情况,但从时间趋势来看,负值的情况在减少,2021年只有结直肠癌(-3.49%)和肝癌(-0.51%)为负并且绝对值相比前两年有所降低。
从该地区的待遇保障政策可以看出,其政策设计与国家和地方相关文件要求一致,在不断加强多层次医保体系构建以及促进分级诊疗的力度。2024年《安徽省人民政府关于进一步完善特困人员救助供养制度的实施意见》发布,对困难群体的保障得到进一步强化。通过实证分析结果也可以观察到当地多层次医疗保障体系的构建初见成效,多重政策下五部位癌症的实际保障水平可以有效地避免CHE的发生,但还需在政策设计时考虑不同病种之间保障水平的平衡,进一步推进分级诊疗,关注到“大病小治”患者的需求,完善癌症预防、筛查、治疗、康复到安宁的全链条体系。
从医疗保障效果来看,五部位癌症整体的实际补偿比在70%左右波动,均远高于广泛应用的40%和相对较低的25%CHE阈值下的底线补偿比,提示现行的医保水平有效避免了发生CHE的概率。从更低的15%阈值的模拟计算来看,结直肠癌和肝癌发生CHE的风险相对较高。与此同时,乳腺癌在三级机构住院人次占比较高,实际补偿比也较高,其与底线补偿比的差值也远高于其他癌种。这可能与不同癌症报销药品目录、报销项目等不同有关。建议在将药品和诊疗项目纳入目录时要考虑到不同病种之间的平衡,强化精准施策,将有限的资金用于保障更可能发生CHE的病种和家庭。
根据实证研究结果,当地一、二级医疗机构癌症患者的个人自付占比为17.70%~25.84%,提前并超额完成了“十四五”全民医疗保障规划提出的2025年个人卫生支出占卫生总费用的比例降低到27%的目标。三级医疗机构的实际补偿比最低,这可能与当地2021年新增规定:降低未经县内转诊,直接到三级医疗机构就诊患者的基本医保及大病保险的报销比例有关,提示差异化医保报销政策对促进五部位癌症的分级诊疗和合理就医作用有限。建议以提高基层医疗卫生机构癌症筛查和诊疗服务能力为抓手,推进癌症的分级诊疗,优化医疗资源配置,提高整体效能[13]
与对陕西延安地区相关研究结果提出的重特大疾病患者个人自付占比随医疗总费用增加而逐渐上升[14]不同的是,本研究五部位癌症患者个人自付占比随着医疗总费用的增加呈先上升后下降趋势,对高额医疗费用的患者提供了很好的保障。但需要注意的是,当地0.5万元以下分段的患者人数占比为9.20%,这部分患者中95.24%都是一年内只有一条住院信息,平均住院天数不足5天,推测可能与确诊癌症后采取了在家保守治疗的方式有关[15]。而选择居家保守治疗相比医院往往因缺乏舒缓减痛措施而降低临终生活质量。建议加快安宁疗护事业的发展,将安宁疗护事业和我国社会情境结合起来,探索一条具有本土特色的临终关怀制度[16]
  • 安徽医科大学医院管理研究所‘国医科技’开放项目(2022gykj01)
  • 公共健康社会治理安徽省哲学社会科学重点实验室项目(PHG202310)
  • 安徽省自然科学基金项目(2308085MG236)
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2024年第51卷第20期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407193
  • 接收时间:2024-07-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-11
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安徽医科大学医院管理研究所‘国医科技’开放项目(2022gykj01)
公共健康社会治理安徽省哲学社会科学重点实验室项目(PHG202310)
安徽省自然科学基金项目(2308085MG236)
作者信息
    1.安徽医科大学卫生管理学院,安徽 合肥 230032
    2.安徽医科大学卫生政策研究中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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