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Article(id=1241771804788851568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404494, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714233600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773991069265, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1729785600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773991069265, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773991069265, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991069265, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241771801366299468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='20', pageStart='3649', pageEnd='3840', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773991068450, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991676896, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241774353457681403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241774353457681404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241771801366299468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3707, endPage=3713, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241771806323966869, articleId=1241771804788851568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A survey on the awareness and needs of parents of hospitalized premature infants for vaccination,Chongqing, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the level of knowledge and demand for vaccination among parents of hospitalized premature infants in Chongqing, so as to provide reference for the development of targeted health education and early training programs in the future.

Methods

A purposive and cluster sampling survey was conducted from August to October 2023, using a self-designed questionnaire to investigate and analyze the vaccination awareness and needs of parents of premature infants hospitalized in 9 hospitals in Chongqing.

Results

The overall awareness rate of parents of hospitalized premature infants was 79.28%, the awareness rate of routine vaccination knowledge was 85.80%, the awareness rate of vaccination knowledge of premature infants was 73.69%. Family upbringing history, education level, place of residence, economic income, and whether having received relevant training are the influencing factors of knowledge awareness. 25.46% parents of premature infants said that they would take their children for vaccination within one week after discharge. 85.06% parents thought that they were lack of vaccination knowledge. 88.41% parents thought that it was necessary to carry out vaccination health education for premature infants.

Conclusion

The vaccination knowledge level of parents of hospitalized premature infants in Chongqing needs to be improved, among which parents who have given birth to their first child, have low educational level, live in rural areas, have low family income and have not received vaccination knowledge training for premature infants are the key groups of health education and early training, and the timing and safety of vaccination are key points of training. It is an important way to train medical staff as the main body and combine various health education means.

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目的

了解重庆地区住院早产儿父母预防接种认知水平及需求状况，为制定有针对性的健康教育与早期培训方案提供参考。

方法

2023年8月—10月采用目的整群抽样，应用自设问卷对重庆地区9家医院住院早产儿父母预防接种认知及需求进行调查。

结果

住院早产儿父母总体知识知晓率为79.28%，常规接种知识知晓率为85.80%，早产儿接种知识知晓率为73.69%。家庭生养史、父母文化水平、居住地、经济收入及是否接受过相关培训是知识知晓情况的影响因素。25.46%的父母表示出院一周以内带孩子预防接种，85.06%的父母认为自己缺乏早产儿预防接种相关知识，88.41%的父母表示有必要开展针对早产儿预防接种的健康教育。

结论

重庆地区住院早产儿父母预防接种知识水平有待提高，其中头胎生育、文化程度低、居住在农村地区、家庭收入低以及未接受过早产儿预防接种知识培训的父母是健康教育与早期培训的重点人群，预防接种的时机和安全性是培训的重点内容，以医务人员为主体结合多种健康教育手段是培训的重要途径。

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袁军，E-mail：
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代蓉华（1986—），女，研究生在读，研究方向：新生儿护理及预防接种

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Analysis on immunization program vaccination of 0 ~ 6 months premature infants[J]. Chinese Primary Health Care, 2022,36(3):63-66, 71. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis on immunization program vaccination of 0 ~ 6 months premature infants, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241771817094939032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771804788851568, awardId=2022YFC2704800, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划生育健康及妇女儿童健康保障专项(2022YFC2704800), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241771807959745500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771804788851568, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241771807968134110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771804788851568, companyId=1241771807959745500, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Neonatology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241771807976522720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771804788851568, companyId=1241771807959745500, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.重庆医科大学附属儿童医院新生儿科，国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心，儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室，儿科学重庆市重点实验室，重庆 400014)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241771808127517671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771804788851568, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241771808135906281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771804788851568, companyId=1241771808127517671, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.重庆医科大学公共卫生学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241771808244958192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771804788851568, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241771808253346800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771804788851568, companyId=1241771808244958192, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.重庆市妇幼保健院，重庆医科大学附属妇女儿童医院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241771808358204408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771804788851568, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241771808366593017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771804788851568, companyId=1241771808358204408, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.重庆市疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241771815819870523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771804788851568, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Awareness of vaccination knowledge among parents of hospitalized premature infants

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目知识知晓人数知晓率（%）排序
常规预防接种知识
1孩子应按照疫苗接种年龄的要求按时接种60692.381
2疫苗接种后，孩子需在接种点留观半小时59991.312
3接种疫苗可以预防相关传染病59590.703
4不宜接种疫苗的疾病及情况53281.104
5疫苗补种要求及时间52980.645
6过敏体质能否接种疫苗42865.246
早产儿预防接种知识
7早产儿治疗好转后，应及时接种疫苗58088.411
8与足月儿相比，早产儿患传染病的风险更高53381.252
9早产儿常规预防接种的时间和足月儿一样43866.773
10早产儿接种卡介苗的时机35654.274
11早产儿接种乙肝疫苗的时机34652.745
12通常情况下，早产儿预防接种很少引起严重不良反应31147.416
13早产儿疫苗接种发生不良反应的风险与足月儿无明显差异27241.467
), ArticleFig(id=1241771816071528775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771804788851568, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

住院早产儿父母预防接种知识知晓情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目知识知晓人数知晓率（%）排序
常规预防接种知识
1孩子应按照疫苗接种年龄的要求按时接种60692.381
2疫苗接种后，孩子需在接种点留观半小时59991.312
3接种疫苗可以预防相关传染病59590.703
4不宜接种疫苗的疾病及情况53281.104
5疫苗补种要求及时间52980.645
6过敏体质能否接种疫苗42865.246
早产儿预防接种知识
7早产儿治疗好转后，应及时接种疫苗58088.411
8与足月儿相比，早产儿患传染病的风险更高53381.252
9早产儿常规预防接种的时间和足月儿一样43866.773
10早产儿接种卡介苗的时机35654.274
11早产儿接种乙肝疫苗的时机34652.745
12通常情况下，早产儿预防接种很少引起严重不良反应31147.416
13早产儿疫苗接种发生不良反应的风险与足月儿无明显差异27241.467
), ArticleFig(id=1241771816180580685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771804788851568, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Univariate analysis of knowledge awareness among parents of hospitalized premature infants

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一般资料层数标签早产儿预防接种知识知晓率[%(n/N)]χ2值P值常规接种知识知晓率[%(n/N)]χ2值P值
总人群73.69(3 384/4 592)85.80(3 377/3 936)
与患儿关系
母亲75.37(1 952/2 590)8.581<0.00185.72(1 903/2 220)0.0250.875
父亲71.53(1 432/2 002)85.90(1 474/1 716)
年龄（岁）
< 30a73.71(1 197/1 624)<0.0010.99985.56(1 191/1 392)0.5790.749
30~40b73.67(2 001/2 716)85.78(1 997/2 328)
>40c73.81(186/252)87.50(189/216)
文化程度
高中及以下a67.17(1 119/1 666)60.071<0.00177.94(1 113/1 428)113.926<0.001
大专或本科b76.99(2 048/2 660)a90.13(2 055/2 280)a
硕士及以上c81.58(217/266)a91.67(209/228)a
职业
自主创业者a72.29(754/1043)42.273<0.00183.00(742/894)110.932<0.001
企业职工b75.18(1 142/1 519)89.63(1 167/1 302)a
农业劳动者c69.76(293/420)75.56(272/360)ab
公务员/事业单位人员d81.13(619/763)abc93.58(612/654)abc
家务或待业人员e66.46(107/161)bd72.46(100/138)abd
其他f68.37(469/686)bd82.31(484/588)bcde
居住地
主城区a75.25(1 970/2 618)26.988<0.00188.01(1 975/2 244)75.597<0.001
区县城镇b74.26(1 076/1 449)86.63(1 076/1 242)
农村c64.38(338/525)ab72.44(326/450)ab
家庭月收入（元）
<5 000a65.83(1 106/1 680)150.920<0.00180.07(1 153/1 440)105.776<0.001
5 000~10 000b71.95(1 108/1 540)a84.70(1 118/1 320)a
>10 000c85.28(1 170/1 372)ab94.05(1 106/1 176)ab
家庭生养史
非头胎（有早产儿生养史）a87.09(317/364)64.032<0.00194.23(294/312)40.172<0.001
非头胎（有足月儿生养史）b78.53(863/1 099)a89.49(843/942)a
头胎生育c70.44(2 204/3 129)ab83.52(2 240/2 682)ab
接受培训次数（次）
≥3a89.96(233/259)60.610<0.00198.65(219/222)51.777<0.001
1~2b82.03(379/462)a92.42(366/396)a
0c71.61(2 772/3 871)ab84.15(2 792/3 318)ab
一般资料层数标签全部知识知晓率[%(n/N)]χ2值P值
总人群79.28(6 761/8 528)
与患儿关系
母亲80.15(3 855/4 810)5.0310.025
父亲78.16(2 906/3 718)
年龄（岁）
< 30a79.18(2 388/3 016)0.2250.894
30~40b79.26(3 998/5 044)
>40c80.13(375/468)
文化程度
高中及以下a72.14(2 232/3 094)153.470<0.001
大专或本科b83.06(4 103/4 940)a
硕士及以上c86.23(426/494)a
职业
自主创业者a77.23(1 496/1 937)122.193<0.001
企业职工b81.85(2 309/2 821)a
农业劳动者c72.44(565/780)ab
公务员/事业单位人员d86.87(1 231/1 417)abc
家务或待业人员e69.23(207/299)abd
其他f74.80(953/1274)bd
居住地
主城区a81.14(3 945/4 862)85.168<0.001
区县城镇b79.97(2 152/2 691)
农村c68.10(664/975)ab
家庭月收入（元）
<5 000a72.40(2 259/3 120)249.963<0.001
5 000~10 000b77.83(2 226/2 860)a
>10 000c89.32(2 276/2 548)ab
家庭生养史
非头胎（有早产儿生养史）a90.38(611/676)101.609<0.001
非头胎（有足月儿生养史）b83.59(1 706/2 041)a
头胎生育c76.48(4 444/5 811)ab
接受培训次数（次）
≥3a93.97(452/481)108.501<0.001
1~2b86.83(745/858)a
0c77.40(5 564/7 189)ab
), ArticleFig(id=1241771816432238940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771804788851568, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

住院早产儿父母知识知晓情况的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一般资料层数标签早产儿预防接种知识知晓率[%(n/N)]χ2值P值常规接种知识知晓率[%(n/N)]χ2值P值
总人群73.69(3 384/4 592)85.80(3 377/3 936)
与患儿关系
母亲75.37(1 952/2 590)8.581<0.00185.72(1 903/2 220)0.0250.875
父亲71.53(1 432/2 002)85.90(1 474/1 716)
年龄（岁）
< 30a73.71(1 197/1 624)<0.0010.99985.56(1 191/1 392)0.5790.749
30~40b73.67(2 001/2 716)85.78(1 997/2 328)
>40c73.81(186/252)87.50(189/216)
文化程度
高中及以下a67.17(1 119/1 666)60.071<0.00177.94(1 113/1 428)113.926<0.001
大专或本科b76.99(2 048/2 660)a90.13(2 055/2 280)a
硕士及以上c81.58(217/266)a91.67(209/228)a
职业
自主创业者a72.29(754/1043)42.273<0.00183.00(742/894)110.932<0.001
企业职工b75.18(1 142/1 519)89.63(1 167/1 302)a
农业劳动者c69.76(293/420)75.56(272/360)ab
公务员/事业单位人员d81.13(619/763)abc93.58(612/654)abc
家务或待业人员e66.46(107/161)bd72.46(100/138)abd
其他f68.37(469/686)bd82.31(484/588)bcde
居住地
主城区a75.25(1 970/2 618)26.988<0.00188.01(1 975/2 244)75.597<0.001
区县城镇b74.26(1 076/1 449)86.63(1 076/1 242)
农村c64.38(338/525)ab72.44(326/450)ab
家庭月收入（元）
<5 000a65.83(1 106/1 680)150.920<0.00180.07(1 153/1 440)105.776<0.001
5 000~10 000b71.95(1 108/1 540)a84.70(1 118/1 320)a
>10 000c85.28(1 170/1 372)ab94.05(1 106/1 176)ab
家庭生养史
非头胎（有早产儿生养史）a87.09(317/364)64.032<0.00194.23(294/312)40.172<0.001
非头胎（有足月儿生养史）b78.53(863/1 099)a89.49(843/942)a
头胎生育c70.44(2 204/3 129)ab83.52(2 240/2 682)ab
接受培训次数（次）
≥3a89.96(233/259)60.610<0.00198.65(219/222)51.777<0.001
1~2b82.03(379/462)a92.42(366/396)a
0c71.61(2 772/3 871)ab84.15(2 792/3 318)ab
一般资料层数标签全部知识知晓率[%(n/N)]χ2值P值
总人群79.28(6 761/8 528)
与患儿关系
母亲80.15(3 855/4 810)5.0310.025
父亲78.16(2 906/3 718)
年龄（岁）
< 30a79.18(2 388/3 016)0.2250.894
30~40b79.26(3 998/5 044)
>40c80.13(375/468)
文化程度
高中及以下a72.14(2 232/3 094)153.470<0.001
大专或本科b83.06(4 103/4 940)a
硕士及以上c86.23(426/494)a
职业
自主创业者a77.23(1 496/1 937)122.193<0.001
企业职工b81.85(2 309/2 821)a
农业劳动者c72.44(565/780)ab
公务员/事业单位人员d86.87(1 231/1 417)abc
家务或待业人员e69.23(207/299)abd
其他f74.80(953/1274)bd
居住地
主城区a81.14(3 945/4 862)85.168<0.001
区县城镇b79.97(2 152/2 691)
农村c68.10(664/975)ab
家庭月收入（元）
<5 000a72.40(2 259/3 120)249.963<0.001
5 000~10 000b77.83(2 226/2 860)a
>10 000c89.32(2 276/2 548)ab
家庭生养史
非头胎（有早产儿生养史）a90.38(611/676)101.609<0.001
非头胎（有足月儿生养史）b83.59(1 706/2 041)a
头胎生育c76.48(4 444/5 811)ab
接受培训次数（次）
≥3a93.97(452/481)108.501<0.001
1~2b86.83(745/858)a
0c77.40(5 564/7 189)ab
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Multivariate linear regression analysis on awareness rate of vaccination knowledge of parents of hospitalized premature infants

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变量β标准误标准化回归系数T值P值
常数7.6990.276-27.935<0.001
家庭生养史
非头胎（有早产儿生养史）1.0710.3210.1173.3340.001
非头胎（有足月儿生养史）0.6860.2010.1193.4140.001
头胎生育0.000
文化程度
高中及以下0.000
大专或本科1.0160.1930.2035.276<0.001
硕士及以上1.1340.3960.1072.8620.004
居住地
主城区0.8980.2940.1803.0520.002
区县城镇1.0500.2960.1983.547<0.001
农村0.000
家庭月收入（元）
<5 0000.000
5 000~10 0000.5640.2020.1082.7890.005
>10 0001.7130.2140.3187.995<0.001
既往接受培训次数（次）
≥31.4840.3680.1394.030<0.001
1~20.7550.2850.0922.6510.008
00.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241771816738423162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771804788851568, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

住院早产儿父母预防接种知识知晓条目数的多因素线性回归模型结果

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变量β标准误标准化回归系数T值P值
常数7.6990.276-27.935<0.001
家庭生养史
非头胎（有早产儿生养史）1.0710.3210.1173.3340.001
非头胎（有足月儿生养史）0.6860.2010.1193.4140.001
头胎生育0.000
文化程度
高中及以下0.000
大专或本科1.0160.1930.2035.276<0.001
硕士及以上1.1340.3960.1072.8620.004
居住地
主城区0.8980.2940.1803.0520.002
区县城镇1.0500.2960.1983.547<0.001
农村0.000
家庭月收入（元）
<5 0000.000
5 000~10 0000.5640.2020.1082.7890.005
>10 0001.7130.2140.3187.995<0.001
既往接受培训次数（次）
≥31.4840.3680.1394.030<0.001
1~20.7550.2850.0922.6510.008
00.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241771816860057988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771804788851568, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The acquisition and needs of vaccination knowledge among research subjects

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知识获取情况及需求例数百分比(%)
知识获取途径
医务人员50176.37
接种手册及相关科普读物42064.02
网络平台33551.07
亲戚朋友22734.60
学习知识的态度
提前主动学习37657.31
不主动学习，但是必要时会学习26440.24
从不学习162.44
对开展培训的认知
有必要58088.41
没必要131.98
不知道639.60
期待获取的知识内容
早产儿预防接种的时机56085.37
早产儿预防接种的安全性57187.04
早产儿与足月儿预防接种的异同55784.91
早产儿预防接种的观察要点51678.66
), ArticleFig(id=1241771816960721293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241771804788851568, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

研究对象预防接种知识获取情况及需求

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
知识获取情况及需求例数百分比(%)
知识获取途径
医务人员50176.37
接种手册及相关科普读物42064.02
网络平台33551.07
亲戚朋友22734.60
学习知识的态度
提前主动学习37657.31
不主动学习，但是必要时会学习26440.24
从不学习162.44
对开展培训的认知
有必要58088.41
没必要131.98
不知道639.60
期待获取的知识内容
早产儿预防接种的时机56085.37
早产儿预防接种的安全性57187.04
早产儿与足月儿预防接种的异同55784.91
早产儿预防接种的观察要点51678.66
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重庆地区住院早产儿父母预防接种认知及需求调查
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代蓉华 1, 2 , 朱小川 1 , 史源 1 , 陈龙 3 , 赵勇 2 , 徐佳薇 4 , 袁军 2
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(20): 3707-3713
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(20): 3707-3713
重庆地区住院早产儿父母预防接种认知及需求调查
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代蓉华1, 2, 朱小川1, 史源1, 陈龙3, 赵勇2, 徐佳薇4, 袁军2
作者信息
  • 1.重庆医科大学附属儿童医院新生儿科，国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心，儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室，儿科学重庆市重点实验室，重庆 400014
  • 2.重庆医科大学公共卫生学院
  • 3.重庆市妇幼保健院，重庆医科大学附属妇女儿童医院
  • 4.重庆市疾病预防控制中心

    • 代蓉华（1986—），女，研究生在读，研究方向：新生儿护理及预防接种

通讯作者:

袁军，E-mail：
A survey on the awareness and needs of parents of hospitalized premature infants for vaccination,Chongqing
Rong-hua DAI1, 2, Xiao-chuan ZHU1, Yuan SHI1, Long CHEN3, Yong ZHAO2, Jia-wei XU4, Jun YUAN2
Affiliations
  • Department of Neonatology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
出版时间: 2024-10-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404494
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摘要
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目的

了解重庆地区住院早产儿父母预防接种认知水平及需求状况，为制定有针对性的健康教育与早期培训方案提供参考。

方法

2023年8月—10月采用目的整群抽样，应用自设问卷对重庆地区9家医院住院早产儿父母预防接种认知及需求进行调查。

结果

住院早产儿父母总体知识知晓率为79.28%，常规接种知识知晓率为85.80%，早产儿接种知识知晓率为73.69%。家庭生养史、父母文化水平、居住地、经济收入及是否接受过相关培训是知识知晓情况的影响因素。25.46%的父母表示出院一周以内带孩子预防接种，85.06%的父母认为自己缺乏早产儿预防接种相关知识，88.41%的父母表示有必要开展针对早产儿预防接种的健康教育。

结论

重庆地区住院早产儿父母预防接种知识水平有待提高，其中头胎生育、文化程度低、居住在农村地区、家庭收入低以及未接受过早产儿预防接种知识培训的父母是健康教育与早期培训的重点人群，预防接种的时机和安全性是培训的重点内容，以医务人员为主体结合多种健康教育手段是培训的重要途径。

早产儿  /  父母  /  预防接种  /  知晓率  /  需求
Objective

To explore the level of knowledge and demand for vaccination among parents of hospitalized premature infants in Chongqing, so as to provide reference for the development of targeted health education and early training programs in the future.

Methods

A purposive and cluster sampling survey was conducted from August to October 2023, using a self-designed questionnaire to investigate and analyze the vaccination awareness and needs of parents of premature infants hospitalized in 9 hospitals in Chongqing.

Results

The overall awareness rate of parents of hospitalized premature infants was 79.28%, the awareness rate of routine vaccination knowledge was 85.80%, the awareness rate of vaccination knowledge of premature infants was 73.69%. Family upbringing history, education level, place of residence, economic income, and whether having received relevant training are the influencing factors of knowledge awareness. 25.46% parents of premature infants said that they would take their children for vaccination within one week after discharge. 85.06% parents thought that they were lack of vaccination knowledge. 88.41% parents thought that it was necessary to carry out vaccination health education for premature infants.

Conclusion

The vaccination knowledge level of parents of hospitalized premature infants in Chongqing needs to be improved, among which parents who have given birth to their first child, have low educational level, live in rural areas, have low family income and have not received vaccination knowledge training for premature infants are the key groups of health education and early training, and the timing and safety of vaccination are key points of training. It is an important way to train medical staff as the main body and combine various health education means.

Premature infants  /  Parents  /  Vaccination  /  Awareness Rate  /  Demand
代蓉华, 朱小川, 史源, 陈龙, 赵勇, 徐佳薇, 袁军. 重庆地区住院早产儿父母预防接种认知及需求调查. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (20) : 3707 -3713 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404494
Rong-hua DAI, Xiao-chuan ZHU, Yuan SHI, Long CHEN, Yong ZHAO, Jia-wei XU, Jun YUAN. A survey on the awareness and needs of parents of hospitalized premature infants for vaccination,Chongqing[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (20) : 3707 -3713 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404494
正文
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预防接种是控制传染病最经济、最有效的措施[1]。我国免疫规划工作要求正常出生的新生儿在出生医院产科完成首剂乙肝疫苗及卡介苗接种[2]。而早产儿（胎龄小于37周）由于发育不成熟、生命体征不平稳、体重轻等因素，生后常需送往新生儿病房接受住院治疗[3]。尽管研究证实[4-6]为生命体征平稳的住院早产儿开展预防接种是安全且有效的，但新生儿病房预防接种开展的有限性，导致住院患儿的预防接种率远低于未住院儿[7]。有研究显示[8]，早产儿出院时卡介苗接种率仅为55.0%，远低于我国预防接种工作要求[9]。而出院后何时接种疫苗主要取决于家长对预防接种的认知和依从性。为此，本研究团队于2023年8月—10月采用目的整群抽样对重庆地区9家医院住院早产儿父母进行调查，了解其对预防接种的认知及需求情况，为制定有针对性的健康教育与早期培训方案，提高住院早产儿预防接种率和远期人口质量提供参考。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
2023年8月—10月，目的性抽取重庆市9所设有新生儿病房的医院的住院早产儿父母为研究对象。由于开展新生儿住院医疗服务的主要是三级和二级医院，故本研究根据医院等级进行分层选取。其中三级医院共3家，包括儿童专科医院、妇幼保健院和综合医院各1家；二级医院共6家，二级医院的抽样根据《重庆市国土空间总体规划 （2021—2035 年）》，重庆国土空间总体格局分为五个区域，由于中心城区医疗机构和住院患儿数量多于其他区域，故中心城区共纳入2家医院，其余四区分别从2022年出生率最高的区县各抽取1家医院。整群抽取9家医院的住院早产儿父母进行问卷调查。纳入标准：出生胎龄<37周早产儿父母（父亲或母亲）；沟通无障碍，能理解并独立完成问卷内容；愿意参与并配合调查。排除标准：合并其他先天性疾病早产儿的父母；患有早产儿父母。根据横断面研究样本量计算公式：
结合其他研究结果[6,8]早产儿家长知识知晓率p=65%，取α=0.05，δ=5%，考虑10%的无效问卷，计算样本量n=385。本研究发放问卷689份，最终回收问卷656份，回收有效率95.21%。本项目经重庆医科大学附属儿童医院伦理委员会批准（伦理批号：2023–334）。
1.2　方法
经文献阅读、课题组讨论形成问卷初稿，采用专家评分法对问卷进行内容效度测试，经过两轮修改，问卷条目水平内容效度指数为0.83～1.00，问卷总体内容效度指数为0.96。便利选取重庆市某儿童医院新生儿科50名住院早产儿父母进行预调查。最终版问卷内容包括一般人口学特征、相关知识、预期行为及心理应对、知识获取情况及需求四部分。相关知识部分每题设有“对、错、不知道”三个选项，选择“对”定义为父母知晓该知识；选择“错”或“不知道”定义为父母未掌握对应部分知识。问卷其余部分，根据题干内容设置不同选项，均为选择题。资料收集采取线上和线下相结合的方式匿名填写。
1.3　主要指标意义
参考相关文献[10-11]，总体知识知晓率（%）=∑每人知晓题目数/∑每人应答题目数×100%；题目知晓率（%）=题目知晓人数/题目应答人数×100%。
1.4　统计分析
运用SAS 9.4进行数据分析。分类资料采用例数和率进行描述，组间比较采用卡方检验，两两比较采用False Discovery Rate（FDR）法调整P值。将研究对象知识知晓率单因素中P<0.05的变量纳入多因素线性回归模型探讨研究对象知识知晓率的影响因素，并利用逐步法进行变量筛选，纳入标准为P<0.05，检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　一般情况
共调查住院早产儿母亲421人（64.18%），父亲235人（35.82%）。年龄：<30岁232人（35.37%）、30～40岁388人（59.15%）、>40岁36人（5.49%）。文化程度：高中及以下238人（36.28%）、大专或本科380人（57.93%）、硕士及以上38人（5.79%）。母亲生育情况：头胎生育447人（68.14%）、非头胎生育209人（31.86%）。居住地：主城区374人（57.01%）、区县城镇207人（31.55%）、农村地区75人（11.43%）。家庭月收入：<5 000元240人（36.59%）、5 000～10 000元220人（33.54%）、>10 000元196人（29.88%）。
2.2　研究对象知识知晓情况
2.2.1　知识知晓率
研究对象总体知识知晓率为79.28%，常规接种知识知晓率85.80%，早产儿接种知识知晓率73.69%。各项目得分及排序详见表1。
2.2.2　住院早产儿父母知识知晓情况的单因素分析
结果见表2。
2.2.3　影响研究对象知识水平的多因素线性回归模型分析
将单因素中P<0.05的变量纳入多因素线性回归模型探讨知晓条目数的影响因素，结果显示，家庭生养史、父母文化水平、居住地、经济收入及接受知识培训情况是知识水平的影响因素，详见表3。
2.3　预期行为及心理应对
预计出院后第一次带孩子接种疫苗的时间选择差异较大：一周以内（25.46%）、半个月以内（24.85%）、一个月以内（33.54%）、一个月以后（16.16%）。52.67%的父母在孩子接种疫苗前，会增加紧张和焦虑感，主要原因为孩子是早产儿，担心预防接种发生不良反应。73.33%的父母表示会通过咨询医生或专业人士获取知识、缓解焦虑。
2.4　知识获取情况及需求
85.06%的研究对象认为自己缺乏早产儿预防接种相关知识，88.41%表示有必要开展针对早产儿预防接种的健康教育，知识获取途径及内容详见表4。
3　讨论
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3.1　重庆地区住院早产儿父母预防接种知识水平有待提高
本研究结果显示，重庆地区住院早产儿父母预防接种知识总体知晓率为79.28%，高于刘辉[12]的研究结果，但较一般儿童家长接种知识知晓率低[13]，且各知识条目知晓率差距较大。其中接种必要性条目知晓率均超过80%，早产儿预防接种时机及安全性知晓率分别低于60%和50%。近年来随着国家相关政策文件[14]及行业标准的出台[15]、免疫规划服务体系的不断健全[16]，以及对免疫规划宣传的重视，一定程度上提升了儿童家长对预防接种重要性和必要性的认识。但早产儿作为一种特殊健康状况的新生儿，由于生后常需接受住院治疗，父母的注意力短期内主要集中在孩子病情的变化上。加之目前我国医防结合体系不紧密[17]，临床科室的医护人员倾向于把工作重点放在疾病的治疗和护理上。鉴于此，针对早产儿预防接种的相关知识，在生后早期无论是父母主动学习的动力，还是医护人员对健康宣教的重视都是不足的，导致家长缺乏早产儿预防接种的相关知识。
与其他研究结果[12]一致，本研究中头胎生育的父母知识知晓率低于非头胎父母，而同样是非头胎生育，早产儿父母知识知晓率高于足月儿父母，这可能与父母的照护经验有关。头胎为早产儿的父母，在孩子成长过程中，不同程度地积累了早产儿预防接种相关知识。文化程度、家庭居住环境以及家庭收入是影响父母预防接种知识和行为的相关因素[18-19]。本研究结果显示，居住在城市、接受过相关培训、文化水平和家庭收入越高的早产儿父母，知识知晓率越高。这可能与居住在城市的早产儿父母获取信息的途径和方式更多、更便捷，享受的卫生保健服务更完善有关[20]。且拥有较高文化程度和经济水平的家长，通常自主学习及对知识的理解能力相对较强，对医疗服务资源的利用更充分。
3.2　住院早产儿父母对预防接种安全性有较多顾虑
尽管相关指南和研究表明[21-22]，基于实际年龄的常规预防接种方案对早产儿和低出生体重儿（出生体重小于2 500 g）的保护性免疫反应是安全且有效的。《国家免疫规划疫苗儿童免疫程序及说明（2021年版）》[14]规定早产儿和/或低出生体重儿医学评估稳定且处于持续恢复状态，按照出生后实际月龄接种疫苗。但研究显示[23-25]，无论是发达国家还是发展中国家，早产儿预防接种延迟的情况普遍存在。本研究中，仅25.46%的早产儿父母选择出院后一周内带孩子接种疫苗。超过半数的父母表示，在孩子预防接种前，紧张和焦虑感会增加。在早产儿预防接种各知识点中，父母知晓率最低的两项均是关于预防接种的安全性问题。这可能与知识的缺乏导致认知和行为的改变有关，即使早产儿健康状况有所改善，父母仍认为孩子很脆弱，预防接种风险大[23]。因此在进行早产儿预防接种知识教育和培训时，应重点关注预防接种的安全性问题，让父母获得足够的信息和信心，以期改善预防接种行为。
3.3　住院早产儿父母对预防接种知识需求较高
本研究显示，85.06%的研究对象认为自己缺乏早产儿预防接种相关知识，88.41%的研究对象希望开展早产儿预防接种相关培训。在多种知识来源途径中，父母对医生或护士提供的免疫信息以及公共卫生的信任度最高[18]。因此，新生儿科医护人员应基于父母需求，注重线上线下并举，在现场讲授的基础上，借助互联网平台，微信推送等方式，加大健康教育力度，同时医疗机构要发挥相应职能，为开展形式多样且易于接受的教育模式和内容提供支持。
综上所述，重庆地区住院早产儿父母预防接种知识水平仍有待提高，对预防接种相关知识有较高的需求，但在预防接种的安全性等问题上仍存在一定的顾虑。新生儿科医护人员应基于早产儿父母的实际需求，通过以医护为主体的多种健康教育途径，提供所需的健康信息，以期提高住院早产儿预防接种率和远期人口质量。本研究存在一定的局限性，样本量的选择地域覆盖有限，且在行为调查部分，本研究调查的是预期行为，而早产儿出院后，父母实际应对能力的变化可能导致其行为的改变，故调查结果可能和实际情况存在差异。在今后的研究中可扩大样本量，进一步调查早产儿出院后实际预防接种时间与住院期间父母知识水平的因果关联。
基金
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  • 国家重点研发计划生育健康及妇女儿童健康保障专项(2022YFC2704800)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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2024年第51卷第20期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404494
  • 接收时间：2024-04-28
  • 首发时间：2026-03-20
  • 出版时间：2024-10-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-04-28
基金
国家重点研发计划生育健康及妇女儿童健康保障专项(2022YFC2704800)
作者信息
    1.重庆医科大学附属儿童医院新生儿科，国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心，儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室，儿科学重庆市重点实验室，重庆 400014
    2.重庆医科大学公共卫生学院
    3.重庆市妇幼保健院，重庆医科大学附属妇女儿童医院
    4.重庆市疾病预防控制中心

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袁军，E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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