Article(id=1241759336419102749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405380, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716480000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773988096574, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1727193600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773988096574, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773988096574, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773988096574, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241759317016252418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='18', pageStart='3265', pageEnd='3456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773988091898, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991617194, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241774103024174010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241774103024174011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3387, endPage=3392, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241759337975189537, articleId=1241759336419102749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Relationship between parental academic upward social comparison perception and children’s mobile phone dependence tendency, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the relationship between parental academic upward social comparison perception(PAUSCP) and mobile phone dependence tendency(MPDT) among children, and explore the chain mediation of learning boredom(LB) and academic self-handicapping(ASH).

Methods

In October 2023,1 024 higher primary school pupils were tested with parental academic upward social comparison perception scale, academic self-handicapping scale, learning boredom scale, and mobile phone dependence tendency scale,and process 4.3were used to analyze mediation.

Results

Not detected tendency accounted for 54.78%, potential Children’s MPDT accounted for 27.25%, and MPDT accounted for 17.97%.Boys(χ2=10.975,P=0.004), grade(χ2=47.055,P<0.001), relationship with parents(χ2=28.453,P<0.001) and residence(χ2=14.128,P=0.007)was correlation factors. Total indirect effect of PAUSCP → MPDT was 0.115(95%CI:0.090,0.142), effect size PM=58.67%.Indirect effect of PAUSCP→LB→MPDTwas 0.064(95%CI:0.042,0.090).Indirect effect PAUSCP→ASH→MPDT was 0.024(95%CI:0.013,0.038).Indirect effect of PAUSCP→LB→ASH→MPDT was 0.027(95%CI:0.018,0.040).

Conclusion

Parental academic upward social comparison perception can indirectlyaffect mobile phone dependence tendencyamong childrenthrough learning boredom and academic self-handicapping.

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目的

分析父母学业上行社会比较感知与儿童手机依赖倾向的关系,并探究学习乏味和学业自我妨碍的中介作用。

方法

2023年10月采用父母学业上行社会比较感知量表、学习乏味量表、学业自我妨碍量表、手机依赖倾向量表对1 024名4~6年级小学生施测,采用process 4.3分析中介效应。

结果

未检出儿童占54.78%,潜在依赖倾向占27.25%,手机依赖倾向占17.97%;性别[χ2=10.975,P=0.004]、年级[χ2=47.055,P<0.001]、与父母关系[χ2=28.453,P<0.001]和居住地[χ2=14.128,P=0.007]是手机依赖倾向关联因素;父母学业上行社会比较感知→手机依赖倾向的总间接效应为0.115[95%CI:0.090,0.142],中介效果量PM=58.67%;父母学业上行社会比较感知→学习乏味→手机依赖倾向的间接效应为0.064[95%CI:0.042,0.090];父母学业上行社会比较感知→学业自我妨碍→手机依赖倾向的的间接效应为0.024[95%CI:0.013,0.038];父母学业上行社会比较感知→学习乏味→学业自我妨碍→手机依赖倾向的间接效应为0.027[95%CI:0.018,0.040]。

结论

父母学业上行社会比较感知可通过学习乏味和学业自我妨碍间件影响儿童手机依赖倾向。

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乔慧芬,E-mail:
郝阳,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=YDayjpih+ZN3noqEXS4Y1A==, magXml=1U2cVqGp2MzIhgjdpIYKfg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=8JRwQ+WN8kItI94vdEZRzQ==, pdfFileSize=631562, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=fOe4IVVkFLFHQwLLWuGElQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=tiMd3lmfyBsgCPyxYgoGSg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

吕行(1988—),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:青少年心理卫生

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Frontiers in Psychology, 2024, 15: 1336354., articleTitle=Mediating and moderating effects of authoritative parenting styles on adolescent behavioral problems, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241795509296366280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759336419102749, awardId=20BSH134, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社科基金(20BSH134), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241795509380252362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759336419102749, awardId=2023YQS-05, language=CN, fundingSource=扬州市社科研究青少年发展专项重点课题(2023YQS-05), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241795509447361228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759336419102749, awardId=SJCX22_1688, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX22_1688), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241795509522858702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759336419102749, awardId=xjj2024-43, language=CN, fundingSource=扬州大学人文社会科学研究基金(xjj2024-43), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241795503206236759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759336419102749, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241795503214625368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759336419102749, companyId=1241795503206236759, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Education Science of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241795503223013977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759336419102749, companyId=1241795503206236759, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.扬州大学教育科学学院,江苏 扬州 225002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241795503302705755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759336419102749, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241795503311094365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759336419102749, companyId=1241795503302705755, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.南京医科大学)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241795503382397536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759336419102749, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241795503390786145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759336419102749, companyId=1241795503382397536, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.南京理工大学)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241795508251984563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759336419102749, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Mediation model, figureFileSmall=Yh2+GFBRtgqu+h3tiVf9hA==, figureFileBig=uEevQGePPvBHFXXu4hJZxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241795508335870645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759336419102749, language=CN, label=图1, caption=中介模型

注:**:P<0.01;***:P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=Yh2+GFBRtgqu+h3tiVf9hA==, figureFileBig=uEevQGePPvBHFXXu4hJZxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241795508449116855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759336419102749, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Latent profile analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ClassAICBICaBICEntropyPLMRPBLRTProbability
237 027.45337 180.32937 081.8700.953<0.001<0.0010.818/0.182
336 065.22136 272.34336 138.9470.915<0.001<0.0010.548/0.272/0.180
435 533.49435 794.86235 626.5290.9130.116<0.0010.481/0.242/0.198/0.079
), ArticleFig(id=1241795508537197241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759336419102749, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

潜在剖面分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ClassAICBICaBICEntropyPLMRPBLRTProbability
237 027.45337 180.32937 081.8700.953<0.001<0.0010.818/0.182
336 065.22136 272.34336 138.9470.915<0.001<0.0010.548/0.272/0.180
435 533.49435 794.86235 626.5290.9130.116<0.0010.481/0.242/0.198/0.079
), ArticleFig(id=1241795508663026363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759336419102749, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Univariate analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量未检出潜在依赖倾向手机依赖倾向χ2/FP
人口特征差异[n(%)]
258(49.81)a153(29.54)a107(20.66)a10.9750.004
303(59.88)b126(24.90)a77(15.22)b
4年级227(67.36)a63(18.69)a47(13.95)a47.055<0.001
5年级193(55.62)b98(28.24)b56(16.14)a
6年级141(41.47)c118(34.71)b81(23.82)b
与父母关系差230(46.65)a155(31.44)a108(21.91)a28.453<0.001
与父母关系一般203(59.88)b82(24.19)a,b54(15.93)a,b
与父母关系好128(66.67)b42(21.88)b22(11.46)b
农村154(49.68)a88(28.39)a68(21.94)a14.1280.007
乡镇213(53.12)a,b110(27.43)a78(19.45)a
城市194(61.98)b81(25.88)a38(12.14)b
得分差异[]
父母学业上行社会比较感知2.63±1.102.70±1.143.21±0.9820.263<0.001
学习乏味1.48±0.581.45±0.592.24±0.92106.042<0.001
学业自我妨碍1.33±0.501.42±0.631.96±0.9666.800<0.001
手机依赖倾向1.79±0.562.76±0.463.87±0.77954.064<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241795508763689661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759336419102749, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量未检出潜在依赖倾向手机依赖倾向χ2/FP
人口特征差异[n(%)]
258(49.81)a153(29.54)a107(20.66)a10.9750.004
303(59.88)b126(24.90)a77(15.22)b
4年级227(67.36)a63(18.69)a47(13.95)a47.055<0.001
5年级193(55.62)b98(28.24)b56(16.14)a
6年级141(41.47)c118(34.71)b81(23.82)b
与父母关系差230(46.65)a155(31.44)a108(21.91)a28.453<0.001
与父母关系一般203(59.88)b82(24.19)a,b54(15.93)a,b
与父母关系好128(66.67)b42(21.88)b22(11.46)b
农村154(49.68)a88(28.39)a68(21.94)a14.1280.007
乡镇213(53.12)a,b110(27.43)a78(19.45)a
城市194(61.98)b81(25.88)a38(12.14)b
得分差异[]
父母学业上行社会比较感知2.63±1.102.70±1.143.21±0.9820.263<0.001
学习乏味1.48±0.581.45±0.592.24±0.92106.042<0.001
学业自我妨碍1.33±0.501.42±0.631.96±0.9666.800<0.001
手机依赖倾向1.79±0.562.76±0.463.87±0.77954.064<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241795508860158655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759336419102749, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Regression Analysis of mobile phone dependencetendency

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
预测变量结果变量=MPD结果变量=LB结果变量=ASH结果变量=MPDT
βtβtβtβt
性别-0.2950.058-5.100-0.1150.042-2.721-0.0580.037-1.585-0.2230.053-4.168
年级0.1740.0364.8780.0500.0261.9180.0770.0233.4210.1250.0333.804
与父母关系-0.1420.038-3.755-0.0020.028-0.076-0.0190.024-0.785-0.1350.035-3.883
居住地-0.0950.037-2.560-0.0470.027-1.7370.0070.0240.300-0.0750.034-2.207
PAUSCP0.1960.0267.5290.1940.01910.2740.0730.0174.2170.0810.0253.207
LB0.4280.02715.7000.3280.0447.452
ASH0.3250.0457.140
R & R2R=0.345,R2=0.119R=0.330,R2=0.109R=0.518,R2=0.268R=0.508,R2=0.258
F(P)F=27.577(P<0.001)F=24.861(P<0.001)F=62.070(P<0.001)F=50.596(P<0.001)
), ArticleFig(id=1241795508939850433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759336419102749, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

手机依赖倾向的回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
预测变量结果变量=MPD结果变量=LB结果变量=ASH结果变量=MPDT
βtβtβtβt
性别-0.2950.058-5.100-0.1150.042-2.721-0.0580.037-1.585-0.2230.053-4.168
年级0.1740.0364.8780.0500.0261.9180.0770.0233.4210.1250.0333.804
与父母关系-0.1420.038-3.755-0.0020.028-0.076-0.0190.024-0.785-0.1350.035-3.883
居住地-0.0950.037-2.560-0.0470.027-1.7370.0070.0240.300-0.0750.034-2.207
PAUSCP0.1960.0267.5290.1940.01910.2740.0730.0174.2170.0810.0253.207
LB0.4280.02715.7000.3280.0447.452
ASH0.3250.0457.140
R & R2R=0.345,R2=0.119R=0.330,R2=0.109R=0.518,R2=0.268R=0.508,R2=0.258
F(P)F=27.577(P<0.001)F=24.861(P<0.001)F=62.070(P<0.001)F=50.596(P<0.001)
), ArticleFig(id=1241795509044708035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759336419102749, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mediation analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应类型路径效应值[95%CI]BootP效应值/总效应(%)间接效应/总间接效应(%)
总效应PAUSCP→MPDT0.196[0.145,0.247]0.026<0.001
直接效应PAUSCP→MPDT0.081[0.031,0.131]0.025<0.0141.33
总间接效应PAUSCP→MPDT0.115[0.090,0.142]0.013<0.00158.67
间接效应1.PAUSCP→LB→MPDT0.064[0.042,0.090]0.012<0.00132.6555.65
2.PAUSCP→ASH→MPDT0.024[0.013,0.038]0.006<0.00112.2420.87
3.PAUSCP→LB→ASH→MPDT0.027[0.018,0.040]0.006<0.00113.7823.48
比较1 VS. 20.040[0.011,0.071]0.015<0.01
1 VS. 30.037[0.011,0.066]0.014<0.01
2 VS. 3-0.003[-0.018,0.009]0.007>0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241795509136982725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759336419102749, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

中介效应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应类型路径效应值[95%CI]BootP效应值/总效应(%)间接效应/总间接效应(%)
总效应PAUSCP→MPDT0.196[0.145,0.247]0.026<0.001
直接效应PAUSCP→MPDT0.081[0.031,0.131]0.025<0.0141.33
总间接效应PAUSCP→MPDT0.115[0.090,0.142]0.013<0.00158.67
间接效应1.PAUSCP→LB→MPDT0.064[0.042,0.090]0.012<0.00132.6555.65
2.PAUSCP→ASH→MPDT0.024[0.013,0.038]0.006<0.00112.2420.87
3.PAUSCP→LB→ASH→MPDT0.027[0.018,0.040]0.006<0.00113.7823.48
比较1 VS. 20.040[0.011,0.071]0.015<0.01
1 VS. 30.037[0.011,0.066]0.014<0.01
2 VS. 3-0.003[-0.018,0.009]0.007>0.05
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父母学业上行社会比较感知与儿童手机依赖倾向的关系
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吕行 1 , 吴若雨 1 , 安献丽 1 , 杨华 2 , 方晓敏 1 , 穆海婷 3 , 乔慧芬 2 , 郝阳 2
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(18): 3387-3392
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(18): 3387-3392
父母学业上行社会比较感知与儿童手机依赖倾向的关系
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吕行1, 吴若雨1, 安献丽1, 杨华2, 方晓敏1, 穆海婷3, 乔慧芬2 , 郝阳2
作者信息
  • 1.扬州大学教育科学学院,江苏 扬州 225002
  • 2.南京医科大学
  • 3.南京理工大学
  • 吕行(1988—),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:青少年心理卫生

通讯作者:

乔慧芬,E-mail:
郝阳,E-mail:
Relationship between parental academic upward social comparison perception and children’s mobile phone dependence tendency
Hang LV1, Ruo-yu WU1, Xian-li AN1, Hua YANG2, Xiao-min FANG1, Hai-ting MU3, Hui-fen QIAO2 , Yang HAO2
Affiliations
  • School of Education Science of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
出版时间: 2024-09-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405380
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目的

分析父母学业上行社会比较感知与儿童手机依赖倾向的关系,并探究学习乏味和学业自我妨碍的中介作用。

方法

2023年10月采用父母学业上行社会比较感知量表、学习乏味量表、学业自我妨碍量表、手机依赖倾向量表对1 024名4~6年级小学生施测,采用process 4.3分析中介效应。

结果

未检出儿童占54.78%,潜在依赖倾向占27.25%,手机依赖倾向占17.97%;性别[χ2=10.975,P=0.004]、年级[χ2=47.055,P<0.001]、与父母关系[χ2=28.453,P<0.001]和居住地[χ2=14.128,P=0.007]是手机依赖倾向关联因素;父母学业上行社会比较感知→手机依赖倾向的总间接效应为0.115[95%CI:0.090,0.142],中介效果量PM=58.67%;父母学业上行社会比较感知→学习乏味→手机依赖倾向的间接效应为0.064[95%CI:0.042,0.090];父母学业上行社会比较感知→学业自我妨碍→手机依赖倾向的的间接效应为0.024[95%CI:0.013,0.038];父母学业上行社会比较感知→学习乏味→学业自我妨碍→手机依赖倾向的间接效应为0.027[95%CI:0.018,0.040]。

结论

父母学业上行社会比较感知可通过学习乏味和学业自我妨碍间件影响儿童手机依赖倾向。

父母学业上行社会比较感知  /  学习乏味  /  学业自我妨碍  /  手机依赖倾向
Objective

To analyze the relationship between parental academic upward social comparison perception(PAUSCP) and mobile phone dependence tendency(MPDT) among children, and explore the chain mediation of learning boredom(LB) and academic self-handicapping(ASH).

Methods

In October 2023,1 024 higher primary school pupils were tested with parental academic upward social comparison perception scale, academic self-handicapping scale, learning boredom scale, and mobile phone dependence tendency scale,and process 4.3were used to analyze mediation.

Results

Not detected tendency accounted for 54.78%, potential Children’s MPDT accounted for 27.25%, and MPDT accounted for 17.97%.Boys(χ2=10.975,P=0.004), grade(χ2=47.055,P<0.001), relationship with parents(χ2=28.453,P<0.001) and residence(χ2=14.128,P=0.007)was correlation factors. Total indirect effect of PAUSCP → MPDT was 0.115(95%CI:0.090,0.142), effect size PM=58.67%.Indirect effect of PAUSCP→LB→MPDTwas 0.064(95%CI:0.042,0.090).Indirect effect PAUSCP→ASH→MPDT was 0.024(95%CI:0.013,0.038).Indirect effect of PAUSCP→LB→ASH→MPDT was 0.027(95%CI:0.018,0.040).

Conclusion

Parental academic upward social comparison perception can indirectlyaffect mobile phone dependence tendencyamong childrenthrough learning boredom and academic self-handicapping.

Parental academic upward social comparison perception  /  Learning boredom  /  Academic self-handicapping  /  Mobile phone dependence
吕行, 吴若雨, 安献丽, 杨华, 方晓敏, 穆海婷, 乔慧芬, 郝阳. 父母学业上行社会比较感知与儿童手机依赖倾向的关系. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (18) : 3387 -3392 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405380
Hang LV, Ruo-yu WU, Xian-li AN, Hua YANG, Xiao-min FANG, Hai-ting MU, Hui-fen QIAO, Yang HAO. Relationship between parental academic upward social comparison perception and children’s mobile phone dependence tendency[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (18) : 3387 -3392 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405380
手机依赖倾向(Mobile phone dependence,MPD)指沉迷手机难以自拔的现象[1]。《第5次全国未成年人互联网使用报告》[2]:小学生网络普及率从2018的89.5%升至95.1%,用手机上网的未成年人达90%,过度使用已呈低龄趋势。父母学业上行社会比较感知(Parental academic upward social comparison perception,PAUSCP)指学生感知到的父母将其学业表现(如成绩/排名等)与更优秀表现的其他学生所进行的上行比较[3]。PAUSCP已出现多年,且儿童精神科门诊也愈发出现的被学业比较压垮的孩子[4],这些孩子也存在更多手机依赖倾向[4]。类似研究也发现上行比较危害情绪行为[5-6],有必要探究PAUSCP与MPD的关系。如果父母对儿童学习成绩有过高期望与批评否定[7],可能使儿童丧失学习兴趣,感到乏味。乏味指缺乏刺激和低生理唤醒的情绪,学习乏味(Learning boredom,LB)是在学习情境中的无聊体验[8]。为降低无聊,可能寻求新刺激[9],手机作为便捷的娱乐工具,可能被滥用。学业自我妨碍(Academic self-handicapping,ASH)指学习情境中[10]为了减少可能发生的负面学业结果/感受而采取的外化失败的行为/策略,往往来自对学习的厌烦。来自父母的上行学业比较可能对儿童学业能力/成就产生消极暗示,使得认知调节尚未成熟的儿童感到更多负性诱导,促使儿童采取自我妨碍来外化责任[11]。实证显示学业自我妨碍可预测网络依赖[12]。代偿性网络理论[13]:负面境遇/情绪/心理状态会激发上网动机,使个体通过上网来补偿不良体验。儿童在家庭中得不到正向学业情感回应,被迫陷入上行学业比较的负面境遇,在怎样努力都无法达到的上行水准的影响下,逐渐形成学习乏味和外化责任的学业自我妨碍策略,这些诱因都可能增大网络补偿行为,为依赖埋下伏笔[14]。综上,本文检验假设:学习乏味和学业自我妨碍在父母学业上行社会比较感知与手机依赖倾向间的中介作用。
n=(Z1-α/2/δ2×p×(1-p),p=34.9%[15],δ=0.1p,α=0.05,以10%为无效率需797,考虑现实中的抽样需要,实际抽样超过估算。纳入标准:(1)正常在读学生;(2)自愿参与本调研;(3)理解能力正常。排除标准:因种种原因(精神发育迟滞/难以沟通/极度躯体虚弱)无法配合者。2023年10月采用多阶段分层整群抽样,首先在扬州和西宁各选区一所小学作为一级簇。然后在一级簇群选取4-6年级学生。最后在每年级简单随机整群抽取4个班。施测1 147份,有效1 024份,平均年龄11.62(SD=0.93)岁,男518名(50.59%),4年级337名(32.91%),5年级347名(33.89%),6年级340名(33.20%)。在取得被试知情同意的情况下并获取扬州大学大学教育科学学院伦理批准(YZU-SES-2023092601)。
(1)一般情况:包括年龄、性别、年级、与父母关系(差/一般/好)、居住地(农村/乡镇/城市);(2)父母学业上行社会比较感知量表[3]:3项目,5级评分,本文Cronbach α系数0.719,均分反应学生感知到的父母学业上行社会比较程度;(3)学习乏味量表[8]:6项目,5级评分,均分反应学习乏味程度,本文Cronbach α系数0.808;(4)学业自我妨碍量表[16]:6项目,6级评分,均分反应学业自我妨碍程度,本文Cronbach α系数0.804;(5)手机依赖倾向量表[17]:10项目,6级评分,均分≤2.3提示未检出,2.3<均分<3.2分为潜在依赖倾向,均分≥3.2为手机依赖倾向,本文Cronbach α系数0.784。
虽然本文采用全中文版量表,但施测4~6年级学生,所以首先由1名精神心理专家根据被试的理解能力在不改变原意的情况下适当修改题项以确保题项的通俗易懂。然后根据题项意义隐匿法、项目随机配置法和受访信息隐匿法将量表合问卷。施测前对研究员进行规范化培训,要求掌握统一的标准化程序。过程中采用统一指导语,告知被试测验的唯一科学用途与严格保密性,对疑问给予中性标准化解释,根据匿名作答原则以班级为单位施测。最后采用EpiData 3.1双录入核验。
使用MPLUS 8.10通过混合方法(MIXTURE)分析潜在剖面,使用SPSS 30.0完成卡方分析和F检验,通过Process 4.3使用Bias-Corrected Bootstrap 20 000次分析中介。检验水准α=0.05。Harmans单因子法:设定一个公因子进行验证性因素分析,χ2/df=13.304,CFI=0.602,TLI=0.566,RMSEA=0.108、SRMR=0.094,提示不存在严重共同方法偏差。
为了解分类,分析潜在剖面,表1。从2到4类AIC、BIC、aBIC逐步减少,4类PLMR不显著被排除。3类PLMRPBLRT显著,熵>0.9。根据得分命名[17]:(未检出561名,均分1.79±0.56)、潜在依赖倾向(279名,均分2.76±0.46)、手机依赖倾向(184名,均分3.87±0.77)。
男性和6年级的手机依赖倾向率更高,与父母关系好和居住地城市的更低。手机依赖倾向组的父母学业上行社会比较感知、学习乏味和学业自我妨碍更高。表2
父母学业上行社会比较感知与学习乏味(r=0.310)、学业自我妨碍(r=0.264)、手机依赖倾向正相关(r=0.236)。学习乏味(r=0.400)、学业自我妨碍(r=0.395)与手机依赖倾向正相关。以上Ps<0.01。
将性别、年级、父母关系和居住地作为协变量,通过process语法建模(表3图1)。Bias-Corrected Bootstrap 20000次:父母学业上行社会比较感知→手机依赖倾向的直接效应DE=0.081[95%CI:0.031,0.131],总效应TE=0.196[95%CI:0.145,0.247],总间接效应TIE=0.115[95%CI:0.090,0.142],中介效果量[1, 18]PM=58.67%。
父母学业上行社会比较感知→学习乏味→手机依赖倾向的间接效应IE=0.064,父母学业上行社会比较感知→学业自我妨碍→手机依赖倾向的间接效应IE=0.024,父母学业上行社会比较感知→学习乏味→学业自我妨碍→手机依赖倾向的间接效应IE=0.027。对比显示(表4):父母学业上行社会比较感知→学习乏味→手机依赖倾向的间接效应大于其他两条路径,均有95%CI不含0。
本文未检出依赖倾向儿童占54.78%,潜在依赖倾向27.2%,手机依赖倾向18.0%,与以往类似(中小学生无手机成瘾30.37%,低成瘾38.07%,成瘾倾向24.73%,高成瘾6.83%[19])。男性和6年级的手机依赖倾向率更高,与父母关系好和居住地城市的更低。男生自控力较弱,可能更易沉迷手机。随着年级升高,学生社交圈扩大,手机作为便捷社交工具,可能被更多使用。更好亲子关系可提供更多情绪满足关爱,有助于减少对虚拟世界的依赖。城市家庭更注重孩子的教育成长,父母会花费更多精力教育孩子,并引导其合理使用手机。
本文发现父母学业上行社会比较感知可以预测儿童手机依赖倾向,拓展了以往结果(父母学业期待压力可预测青少年网络游戏成瘾[20])。Davis认知行为模型[21]认为属于远端诱因现实情景的压力是诱发成瘾的必要前因。父母过度学业期待增加孩子的压力[22]和问题行为[20]。在过度学业比较的影响下,便捷的手机可能被滥用于缓解压力[23]。手机提供的虚拟世界可以让个体忘却现实困扰[18]。而且手机的各种“即刻多巴胺”可能使前额叶发育未成熟的儿童更加容易沉迷其中难以自拔[24]。提示了合理适度的学业期待/比较有助于引导儿童将潜伏期的心理能量更好的投入学习,从而减少手机滥用。
本研究发现父母学业上行社会比较感知与手机依赖倾向间存在链式中介作用。在目前信息过度积极美化的背景下,“那个优秀的小孩”使得父母上行学业比较变得更加潜移默化[25],如果儿童感到过度期待压力,可能会感受到学业沉重负担[26],在一次次的失败比较下,形成学习乏味[27]。存在学习乏味的个体注意力往往难以集中于学习,因为学习已经与无聊形成了反射,这些无聊进一步的促使儿童选择逃避的方式面对学习[28]。学业自我妨碍是一种常见的内隐逃避应对方式,研究表明学业自我妨碍与更低的学业成就相关[11],以致个体被迫继续使用更强烈的自我妨碍策略,造成恶性循环[29]。当儿童无法在占据主要生活时空的学业中获取心理满足甚至感到无聊时,采取自我妨碍的策略可能是儿童逃避学习从而玩手机的内隐原因[30]。置换防御机制强调[31],网络使用时间越长,儿童参加有益社会活动越少,对儿童能力发展产生负向影响[32],可能是对学业自我妨碍与手机依赖倾向之间关系的一种解释。研究发现[33],父母学业权威教育会损耗孩子的情绪健康并引发责任外化与问题行为。提示父母需重视对儿童的学业期待与表达方式,避免损害学业情绪,及时警惕乏味与自我妨碍的苗头,培养积极学习方式,可鼓励儿童保持学习专注度和动力,还有助于减少手机依赖倾向。
结论:父母学业上行社会比较感知预测儿童手机依赖倾向存在4条路径:父母学业上行社会比较感知→手机依赖倾向,父母学业上行社会比较感知→学习乏味→手机依赖倾向,父母学业上行社会比较感知→学业自我妨碍→手机依赖倾向,父母学业上行社会比较感知→学习乏味→学业自我妨碍→手机依赖倾向。
不足:样本为4-6年级小学生,结果需慎重讨论,需扩大年龄范围进一步分析;为截面调研,因果推论不足,需开展混合性队列研究讨论;使用问卷了测评手机依赖倾向,需结合精神科临床诊断以提高效度;抽样范围/数量有限,结果需慎重解读,应开展多地区大范围调研。
  • 国家社科基金(20BSH134)
  • 扬州市社科研究青少年发展专项重点课题(2023YQS-05)
  • 江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX22_1688)
  • 扬州大学人文社会科学研究基金(xjj2024-43)
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2024年第51卷第18期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405380
  • 接收时间:2024-05-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-24
基金
国家社科基金(20BSH134)
扬州市社科研究青少年发展专项重点课题(2023YQS-05)
江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX22_1688)
扬州大学人文社会科学研究基金(xjj2024-43)
作者信息
    1.扬州大学教育科学学院,江苏 扬州 225002
    2.南京医科大学
    3.南京理工大学

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乔慧芬,E-mail:
郝阳,E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405380
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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