Article(id=1241759334951096335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401234, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1705161600000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773988096224, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1727193600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773988096224, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773988096224, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773988096224, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241759317016252418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='18', pageStart='3265', pageEnd='3456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773988091898, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991617194, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241774103024174010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241774103024174011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3449, endPage=3456, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241759335647350808, articleId=1241759334951096335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Current status and influencing factors of family burden of patients with severe mental disorders, Qingyang City, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the current situation and influencing factors of the family burden of patients with severe mental disorders.

Methods

The main guardians of 715 patients with severe mental disorders in Qingyang City were selected as the research object by the multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. A self-made questionnaire was applied to investigate the guardian’s demographic data, family situation, health status, patient demographic data, and disease treatment. The current situation of family burden was investigated by the Family Burden Scale (FBS). Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to analyze the influencing factors of family burden for patients with severe mental disorders.

Results

The total FBS score was 22.36±13.11, and the burden of medium and above accounted for 50.57%. The financial burden on the family was the heaviest. The results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the patient’s education level, marital status, monthly medication expenses, current condition, medication adherence, medical security, guardian’s health status, relationship with the patient, cohabitation time, and monthly family income were the influencing factors of family burden (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The family burden of patients with serious mental disorders in Qingyang City is relatively heavy. Families with unstable patient conditions, high monthly medication expenses, low household income, guardians in sub-health or suffering from chronic disease, and long-term living with the patient require further attention. Providing these families with assistance and support is essential to alleviating their burden.

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目的

探讨严重精神障碍患者家庭负担现状及影响因素。

方法

采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法,选取庆阳市715例在管严重精神障碍患者主要监护人作为研究对象,采用自制调查问卷调查监护人人口学资料、家庭情况、健康状况、患者人口学资料及患病治疗情况,采用疾病家庭负担量表(FBS)调查家庭负担现状。采用多重线性回归分析严重精神障碍患者家庭负担影响因素。

结果

严重精神障碍患者疾病家庭负担FBS总分(22.42±13.11)分,中等及以上负担占50.57%,家庭经济负担最重;多重线性回归分析结果显示,患者学历、婚姻、每月花费药费、目前病情、服药情况、医疗保障情况、监护人健康状况、与患者关系、同住时间、家庭月收入是家庭负担的影响因素(P<0.05)。

结论

庆阳市严重精神障碍患者疾病家庭负担偏高,应重点关注患者病情不稳定、每月花费药费高、家庭收入低、监护人身体处于亚健康或患慢性病、与患者长期同住的家庭,为其提供帮助和支持,减少家庭负担。

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罗雷,E-mail:
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田圆(1993—),女,硕士在读,主管医师,研究方向:流行病学、慢性非传染性疾病预防控制

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田圆(1993—),女,硕士在读,主管医师,研究方向:流行病学、慢性非传染性疾病预防控制

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田圆(1993—),女,硕士在读,主管医师,研究方向:流行病学、慢性非传染性疾病预防控制

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Changsha: Central South University, 2022.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of caregiving burnout status and related influencing factors of primary caregivers of patients with severe mental illness, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241759367528256272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334951096335, awardId=2021-2023-11, language=CN, fundingSource=广州市医学重点学科(2021-2023-11), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241759367888966431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334951096335, awardId=2023A03J0939, language=CN, fundingSource=广州市科技局校企联合资助项目(2023A03J0939), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241759350042202372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334951096335, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759350054785285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334951096335, companyId=1241759350042202372, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Qingyang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingyang, Gansu 745000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759350071562502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334951096335, companyId=1241759350042202372, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.庆阳市疾病预防控制中心慢性病预防控制科,甘肃 庆阳 745000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241759351183053077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334951096335, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759351279522076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334951096335, companyId=1241759351183053077, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.南方医科大学公共卫生学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241759351568929069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334951096335, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759351636037940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334951096335, companyId=1241759351568929069, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.广州市疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制部)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241759358934127203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334951096335, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Family burden of patients with severe mental disorders

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度得分[分,]因子分[分,]≥中等负担
人数阳性率(%)
家庭经济负担6.33±3.731.06±0.6246565.86
家庭日常活动4.90±3.020.98±0.6044262.61
家庭娱乐活动3.75±2.470.94±0.6246165.30
家庭关系4.52±3.070.90±0.6141558.78
家庭成员躯体健康1.43±1.280.72±0.6436751.98
家庭成员心理健康1.48±1.290.74±0.6536451.56
家庭总负担22.42±13.110.93±0.5535750.57
), ArticleFig(id=1241759361706562150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334951096335, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

严重精神障碍患者疾病家庭负担现状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度得分[分,]因子分[分,]≥中等负担
人数阳性率(%)
家庭经济负担6.33±3.731.06±0.6246565.86
家庭日常活动4.90±3.020.98±0.6044262.61
家庭娱乐活动3.75±2.470.94±0.6246165.30
家庭关系4.52±3.070.90±0.6141558.78
家庭成员躯体健康1.43±1.280.72±0.6436751.98
家庭成员心理健康1.48±1.290.74±0.6536451.56
家庭总负担22.42±13.110.93±0.5535750.57
), ArticleFig(id=1241759361886917232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334951096335, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The univariate analysisof the influence ofgeneral conditionof patients with severe mental disorderson FBS scores

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目人数构成比(%)疾病家庭负担
(分,
t/FP
性别2.2140.027
33847.8823.55±12.90
36852.1221.37±13.23
年龄(岁)1.3370.261
<18121.7017.83±17.52
18~4427238.5323.45±13.08
45~5925736.4022.07±13.56
≥6016523.3721.59±12.02
婚姻18.759<0.001
未婚19627.7625.42±13.68
已婚45664.5920.34±12.52
丧偶/离婚547.6529.07±11.66
文化程度4.6620.010
文盲22131.3024.17±13.69
小学25335.8420.55±13.18
初中及以上23232.8622.78±12.24
职业-0.8250.410
农民67595.6122.50±13.06
非农民314.3920.52±14.30
精神疾病家族史0.4300.667
66694.3322.47±13.07
405.6721.55±13.97
病程(年)0.2290.796
<1027639.0922.12±12.99
10~1919227.2022.27±13.75
≥2023833.7122.88±12.76
既往住院(次)2.8910.057
0~142860.6222.50±13.41
2~316423.2323.70±13.64
≥411416.1520.27±10.84
既往关锁-0.4600.645
无关锁68597.0322.38±12.99
正在关锁/关锁史212.9723.71±16.86
是否为独生子女1.4080.160
253.5426.04±15.15
68196.4622.28±13.02
享受医疗保障-3.613<0.001
自费/公费/其他233.2612.78±11.58
城镇职工基本医保/新型农村合作医保68396.7422.74±13.04
服药2.3300.098
规律服药44062.3222.49±12.61
间断服药8912.6124.73±13.78
不服药17725.0721.07±13.88
每月花费药费(元)12.853<0.001
<1007710.9122.06±11.15
100~49929541.7820.05±12.01
500~99928340.0823.14±13.63
≥1 000517.2232.61±14.03
患病前是否工作2.8270.005
57481.3021.75±13.33
13218.7025.31±11.71
患病后是否工作-0.5360.592
65993.3422.49±13.27
476.6621.43±10.70
目前病情21.976<0.001
稳定55278.1920.98±12.61
基本稳定13318.8426.17±13.33
不稳定212.9736.43±12.13
疾病诊断3.0430.010
精神发育迟滞伴发精神障碍13719.4122.67±12.89
偏执性精神病152.1218.00±9.43
癫痫所致精神障碍8311.7623.36±13.09
双相情感障碍9213.0318.30±12.84
精神分裂症35650.4223.54±13.38
分裂情感性障碍233.2619.48±9.91
), ArticleFig(id=1241759362088243838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334951096335, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

严重精神障碍患者一般情况对FBS得分影响单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目人数构成比(%)疾病家庭负担
(分,
t/FP
性别2.2140.027
33847.8823.55±12.90
36852.1221.37±13.23
年龄(岁)1.3370.261
<18121.7017.83±17.52
18~4427238.5323.45±13.08
45~5925736.4022.07±13.56
≥6016523.3721.59±12.02
婚姻18.759<0.001
未婚19627.7625.42±13.68
已婚45664.5920.34±12.52
丧偶/离婚547.6529.07±11.66
文化程度4.6620.010
文盲22131.3024.17±13.69
小学25335.8420.55±13.18
初中及以上23232.8622.78±12.24
职业-0.8250.410
农民67595.6122.50±13.06
非农民314.3920.52±14.30
精神疾病家族史0.4300.667
66694.3322.47±13.07
405.6721.55±13.97
病程(年)0.2290.796
<1027639.0922.12±12.99
10~1919227.2022.27±13.75
≥2023833.7122.88±12.76
既往住院(次)2.8910.057
0~142860.6222.50±13.41
2~316423.2323.70±13.64
≥411416.1520.27±10.84
既往关锁-0.4600.645
无关锁68597.0322.38±12.99
正在关锁/关锁史212.9723.71±16.86
是否为独生子女1.4080.160
253.5426.04±15.15
68196.4622.28±13.02
享受医疗保障-3.613<0.001
自费/公费/其他233.2612.78±11.58
城镇职工基本医保/新型农村合作医保68396.7422.74±13.04
服药2.3300.098
规律服药44062.3222.49±12.61
间断服药8912.6124.73±13.78
不服药17725.0721.07±13.88
每月花费药费(元)12.853<0.001
<1007710.9122.06±11.15
100~49929541.7820.05±12.01
500~99928340.0823.14±13.63
≥1 000517.2232.61±14.03
患病前是否工作2.8270.005
57481.3021.75±13.33
13218.7025.31±11.71
患病后是否工作-0.5360.592
65993.3422.49±13.27
476.6621.43±10.70
目前病情21.976<0.001
稳定55278.1920.98±12.61
基本稳定13318.8426.17±13.33
不稳定212.9736.43±12.13
疾病诊断3.0430.010
精神发育迟滞伴发精神障碍13719.4122.67±12.89
偏执性精神病152.1218.00±9.43
癫痫所致精神障碍8311.7623.36±13.09
双相情感障碍9213.0318.30±12.84
精神分裂症35650.4223.54±13.38
分裂情感性障碍233.2619.48±9.91
), ArticleFig(id=1241759362490897044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334951096335, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The univariate analysisof the influence of guardians’general condition of patients with severe mental disorderson FBS scores

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目人数构成比(%)疾病家庭负担
(分,
t/FP
性别-1.8260.068
49770.4021.83±12.91
20929.6023.80±13.51
年龄(岁)-5.216<0.001
≤5021430.3118.58±12.48
>5049269.6924.08±13.04
与患者同住时间4.9730.011
未同住(每周接触时长≥72 h)618.6417.98±14.43
≤1年202.8319.75±6.41
>1年62588.5322.93±13.06
与患者关系2.5670.053
父母23333.0022.86±12.84
配偶29041.0821.42±12.76
子女7110.0626.04±12.92
其他11215.8621.78±14.36
婚姻8.239<0.001
未婚233.2620.65±12.61
已婚63189.3821.90±13.01
离婚/丧偶527.3729.40±12.80
文化程度1.0830.355
文盲10114.3124.30±13.58
小学34148.3022.47±13.34
初中19828.0521.41±12.57
高中及以上669.3522.27±12.76
就业情况1.5970.111
农民66494.0522.61±13.22
非农民425.9519.29±10.89
家庭人口(人)1.9110.056
≤550972.1023.00±13.08
>519727.9020.90±13.11
健康状况28.802<0.001
健康29041.0818.23±11.85
亚健康17925.3525.80±12.14
有慢性病23733.5724.98±13.91
家庭月收入(元)14.770<0.001
<2 00047467.1424.65±13.42
2 000~3 99919928.1917.87±10.84
4 000~5 999212.9717.67±13.44
≥6 000121.7017.83±13.10
照料患者时间(年)1.0840.341
<5659.2121.00±9.83
5~912717.9921.61±13.46
≥1051472.8022.80±13.38
), ArticleFig(id=1241759362650280611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334951096335, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

严重精神障碍患者监护人一般情况对FBS得分影响单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目人数构成比(%)疾病家庭负担
(分,
t/FP
性别-1.8260.068
49770.4021.83±12.91
20929.6023.80±13.51
年龄(岁)-5.216<0.001
≤5021430.3118.58±12.48
>5049269.6924.08±13.04
与患者同住时间4.9730.011
未同住(每周接触时长≥72 h)618.6417.98±14.43
≤1年202.8319.75±6.41
>1年62588.5322.93±13.06
与患者关系2.5670.053
父母23333.0022.86±12.84
配偶29041.0821.42±12.76
子女7110.0626.04±12.92
其他11215.8621.78±14.36
婚姻8.239<0.001
未婚233.2620.65±12.61
已婚63189.3821.90±13.01
离婚/丧偶527.3729.40±12.80
文化程度1.0830.355
文盲10114.3124.30±13.58
小学34148.3022.47±13.34
初中19828.0521.41±12.57
高中及以上669.3522.27±12.76
就业情况1.5970.111
农民66494.0522.61±13.22
非农民425.9519.29±10.89
家庭人口(人)1.9110.056
≤550972.1023.00±13.08
>519727.9020.90±13.11
健康状况28.802<0.001
健康29041.0818.23±11.85
亚健康17925.3525.80±12.14
有慢性病23733.5724.98±13.91
家庭月收入(元)14.770<0.001
<2 00047467.1424.65±13.42
2 000~3 99919928.1917.87±10.84
4 000~5 999212.9717.67±13.44
≥6 000121.7017.83±13.10
照料患者时间(年)1.0840.341
<5659.2121.00±9.83
5~912717.9921.61±13.46
≥1051472.8022.80±13.38
), ArticleFig(id=1241759362880967352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334951096335, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Variable assignment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目赋值情况
患者一般情况
性别男=1,女=2
婚姻未婚=1,已婚=2,丧偶/离婚=3
文化程度文盲=1,小学=2,初中及以上=3
既往住院次数(次)0~1=1,2~3=2,≥4=3
医疗保障情况自费/公费/其他=1,城镇职工基本医保/新型农村合作医保=2
服药情况规律服药=1,间断服药=2,不服药=3
每月花费药费(元)<100=1,100~499=2,500~999=3,≥1 000=4
患病前是否工作否=1,是=2
目前病情稳定=1,基本稳定=2,不稳定=3
疾病诊断精神发育迟滞伴发精神障碍=1,偏执性精神病=2,癫痫所致精神障碍=3,双相情感障碍=4,精神分裂症=5,分裂情感性障碍=6
监护人一般情况
性别男=1,女=2
年龄(岁)≤50=1,>50=2
与患者同住时间未同住=1,≤1年=2,>1年=3
与患者关系父母=1,配偶=2,子女=3,其他=4
婚姻状况未婚=1,已婚=2,丧偶/离婚=3
家庭人口数(人)≤5=1,>5=2
健康状况健康=1,亚健康=2,有慢性病=3
家庭月收入(元)<2 000=1,2 000~3 999=2,4 000~5 999=3,≥6 000=4
), ArticleFig(id=1241759364416082639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334951096335, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

变量赋值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目赋值情况
患者一般情况
性别男=1,女=2
婚姻未婚=1,已婚=2,丧偶/离婚=3
文化程度文盲=1,小学=2,初中及以上=3
既往住院次数(次)0~1=1,2~3=2,≥4=3
医疗保障情况自费/公费/其他=1,城镇职工基本医保/新型农村合作医保=2
服药情况规律服药=1,间断服药=2,不服药=3
每月花费药费(元)<100=1,100~499=2,500~999=3,≥1 000=4
患病前是否工作否=1,是=2
目前病情稳定=1,基本稳定=2,不稳定=3
疾病诊断精神发育迟滞伴发精神障碍=1,偏执性精神病=2,癫痫所致精神障碍=3,双相情感障碍=4,精神分裂症=5,分裂情感性障碍=6
监护人一般情况
性别男=1,女=2
年龄(岁)≤50=1,>50=2
与患者同住时间未同住=1,≤1年=2,>1年=3
与患者关系父母=1,配偶=2,子女=3,其他=4
婚姻状况未婚=1,已婚=2,丧偶/离婚=3
家庭人口数(人)≤5=1,>5=2
健康状况健康=1,亚健康=2,有慢性病=3
家庭月收入(元)<2 000=1,2 000~3 999=2,4 000~5 999=3,≥6 000=4
), ArticleFig(id=1241759364780987104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334951096335, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

The multiple linear regression analysis of factors influencing the family burden of patients with severe mental disorders

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变量偏回归系数标准误tP
常数-6.886.25-1.100.272
患者享受医疗保障情况10.352.444.25<0.001
患者婚姻状况
未婚(参照)
已婚-4.631.26-3.67<0.001
丧偶/离婚2.201.811.220.225
患者文化程度
文盲(参照)
小学-3.381.10-3.070.002
初中及以上-3.091.18-2.630.009
患者服药情况
规律服药
间断服药1.771.391.270.203
不服药-5.971.53-3.90<0.001
患者每月花费药费(元)
<100(参照)
100~4990.951.550.610.540
500~9996.081.793.400.001
≥1 0009.522.164.40<0.001
患者目前病情
稳定(参照)
基本稳定5.081.154.44<0.001
不稳定11.622.584.50<0.001
监护人与患者同住时间
未同住(参照)
≤1年3.043.031.000.316
>1年5.011.663.010.003
与患者关系
父母
配偶1.851.221.520.129
子女3.121.571.980.048
其他2.361.411.680.093
监护人健康状况
健康(参照)
亚健康4.691.144.10<0.001
有慢性病2.931.092.680.007
监护人家庭月收入(元)
<2 000(参照)
2 000~3 999-4.901.04-4.70<0.001
4 000~5 999-6.692.55-2.620.009
≥6 000-8.623.34-2.580.010
), ArticleFig(id=1241759367071077108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334951096335, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

严重精神障碍患者疾病家庭负担影响因素的多重线性回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量偏回归系数标准误tP
常数-6.886.25-1.100.272
患者享受医疗保障情况10.352.444.25<0.001
患者婚姻状况
未婚(参照)
已婚-4.631.26-3.67<0.001
丧偶/离婚2.201.811.220.225
患者文化程度
文盲(参照)
小学-3.381.10-3.070.002
初中及以上-3.091.18-2.630.009
患者服药情况
规律服药
间断服药1.771.391.270.203
不服药-5.971.53-3.90<0.001
患者每月花费药费(元)
<100(参照)
100~4990.951.550.610.540
500~9996.081.793.400.001
≥1 0009.522.164.40<0.001
患者目前病情
稳定(参照)
基本稳定5.081.154.44<0.001
不稳定11.622.584.50<0.001
监护人与患者同住时间
未同住(参照)
≤1年3.043.031.000.316
>1年5.011.663.010.003
与患者关系
父母
配偶1.851.221.520.129
子女3.121.571.980.048
其他2.361.411.680.093
监护人健康状况
健康(参照)
亚健康4.691.144.10<0.001
有慢性病2.931.092.680.007
监护人家庭月收入(元)
<2 000(参照)
2 000~3 999-4.901.04-4.70<0.001
4 000~5 999-6.692.55-2.620.009
≥6 000-8.623.34-2.580.010
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庆阳市严重精神障碍患者家庭负担现况及影响因素分析
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田圆 1, 2 , 罗雷 2, 3
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024,51(18): 3449-3456
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024, 51(18): 3449-3456
庆阳市严重精神障碍患者家庭负担现况及影响因素分析
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田圆1, 2, 罗雷2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.庆阳市疾病预防控制中心慢性病预防控制科,甘肃 庆阳 745000
  • 2.南方医科大学公共卫生学院
  • 3.广州市疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制部
  • 田圆(1993—),女,硕士在读,主管医师,研究方向:流行病学、慢性非传染性疾病预防控制

通讯作者:

罗雷,E-mail:
Current status and influencing factors of family burden of patients with severe mental disorders, Qingyang City
Yuan TIAN1, 2, Lei LUO2, 3
Affiliations
  • Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Qingyang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingyang, Gansu 745000, China
出版时间: 2024-09-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401234
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目的

探讨严重精神障碍患者家庭负担现状及影响因素。

方法

采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法,选取庆阳市715例在管严重精神障碍患者主要监护人作为研究对象,采用自制调查问卷调查监护人人口学资料、家庭情况、健康状况、患者人口学资料及患病治疗情况,采用疾病家庭负担量表(FBS)调查家庭负担现状。采用多重线性回归分析严重精神障碍患者家庭负担影响因素。

结果

严重精神障碍患者疾病家庭负担FBS总分(22.42±13.11)分,中等及以上负担占50.57%,家庭经济负担最重;多重线性回归分析结果显示,患者学历、婚姻、每月花费药费、目前病情、服药情况、医疗保障情况、监护人健康状况、与患者关系、同住时间、家庭月收入是家庭负担的影响因素(P<0.05)。

结论

庆阳市严重精神障碍患者疾病家庭负担偏高,应重点关注患者病情不稳定、每月花费药费高、家庭收入低、监护人身体处于亚健康或患慢性病、与患者长期同住的家庭,为其提供帮助和支持,减少家庭负担。

严重精神障碍  /  家庭负担  /  影响因素
Objective

To explore the current situation and influencing factors of the family burden of patients with severe mental disorders.

Methods

The main guardians of 715 patients with severe mental disorders in Qingyang City were selected as the research object by the multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. A self-made questionnaire was applied to investigate the guardian’s demographic data, family situation, health status, patient demographic data, and disease treatment. The current situation of family burden was investigated by the Family Burden Scale (FBS). Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to analyze the influencing factors of family burden for patients with severe mental disorders.

Results

The total FBS score was 22.36±13.11, and the burden of medium and above accounted for 50.57%. The financial burden on the family was the heaviest. The results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the patient’s education level, marital status, monthly medication expenses, current condition, medication adherence, medical security, guardian’s health status, relationship with the patient, cohabitation time, and monthly family income were the influencing factors of family burden (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The family burden of patients with serious mental disorders in Qingyang City is relatively heavy. Families with unstable patient conditions, high monthly medication expenses, low household income, guardians in sub-health or suffering from chronic disease, and long-term living with the patient require further attention. Providing these families with assistance and support is essential to alleviating their burden.

Severe mental disorders  /  Family burden  /  Influence factors
田圆, 罗雷. 庆阳市严重精神障碍患者家庭负担现况及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (18) : 3449 -3456 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401234
Yuan TIAN, Lei LUO. Current status and influencing factors of family burden of patients with severe mental disorders, Qingyang City[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (18) : 3449 -3456 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401234
2019年全球疾病负担显示世界疾病负担很大一部分归因于精神障碍,并且精神障碍造成的疾病负担逐渐增加[1]。由于我国精神卫生资源匮乏[2],大部分患者由家属在家提供护理治疗,需花费大量时间、资金及其他资源。研究表明,照顾精神疾病患者会给家庭带来沉重的负担,包括经济、心理、身体负担等,并且精神障碍的严重程度越高,家庭负担水平就越高[3],而家庭负担反过来可能会对患者的护理质量和康复产生重大影响[4]。既往有关严重精神障碍家庭负担现状及影响因素的研究多聚焦于精神分裂症[5],大多来源于住院患者,基于社区的研究较少。因此,本研究基于社区横断面,调查疾病家庭负担水平,探索影响因素,旨在为降低家庭负担提供依据。
采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法,根据甘肃省精神卫生监测系统严重精神障碍报告患病率排名,将庆阳市8县(区)分成两层,每层随机抽取2个县(区),每县(区)随机抽取2个乡镇/社区,选取乡镇/社区所有在管严重精神障碍患者主要监护人作为研究对象,共计803人,排除拒绝调查24人,无监护人46人,不符合纳入标准18人,最终参与调查715人。本研究已获得庆阳市疾病预防控制中心机构审查委员会审批。
纳入标准:(1)根据国际疾病伤害及死因分类标准第10版(ICD-10)严重精神障碍分类诊断标准确定的精神分裂症、精神发育迟滞伴发精神障碍、癫痫所致精神障碍、双相情感障碍、偏执性精神病、分裂情感性障碍;(2)患者病程≥1年;(3)监护人年龄≥18岁,为患者的主要照顾者,若有多个监护人,选择照顾时间最长、与患者接触最密切者进行调查;(4)知情同意,自愿参与本研究。排除标准:(1)患者合并其他严重器质性或躯体疾病;(2)监护人患有精神疾病或其他严重疾病。
(1)一般资料调查表:包括患者性别、年龄、婚姻、文化、职业、精神疾病家族史、病程、既往住院、关锁情况、是否为独生子女、享受医疗保障、服药、每月花费药费、患病前后是否工作、目前病情、疾病类型、监护人性别、年龄、婚姻、文化、就业、家庭人口、健康状况、家庭月收入、与患者同住时间、关系、照料时间;(2)家庭负担量表(Family Burden Schedule,FBS)[6]:包括6维度,24个条目。6维度分别是家庭经济负担、日常生活、娱乐活动、家庭关系、家庭成员躯体和心理健康。条目采用三级评分:无负担0分,中度负担1分,严重负担2分。因子分=某维度条目总分/组成维度的条目数,因子分≥1分为阳性回答,负担严重程度平均在中度以上,所占比例为阳性回答率。<1分为阴性回答,所占比例为阴性回答率。FBS以各因子分和阳性回答率来评价家庭负担。本调查测量患者家庭负担24个条目的Cronbach α系数值为0.973。
将问卷内容录入问卷星平台后制作二维码海报,调查人员扫码一对一访谈患者监护人并填写问卷,访谈前需告知参与者调查目的,当面填写完问卷并提交。共发放问卷715份,剔除无效问卷9份,最终回收706份,有效回收率98.74%。
调查前由庆阳市精神卫生质控中心委派精神科执业医师对抽取8乡镇/社区严重精神障碍患者进行复核诊断及病情评估。由抽取乡镇/社区精卫专干调查,调查前对调查人员统一培训。问卷上传后由专人在问卷星后台导出数据并复核。
采用SPSS 25.0统计学软件进行数据分析。计数资料用频数、百分数(%)描述。符合正态分布的计量资料用均数±标准差()描述,非正态分布的计量资料用中位数和四分位数[MP25P75)]表示。计量资料服从正态分布和方差齐则使用独立样本t检验或单因素方差分析进行比较,不服从正态分布或方差不齐则两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。采用逐步回归法进行多重线性回归分析疾病家庭负担的影响因素(α=0.05,α=0.10),双侧检验水准α=0.05。
706例严重精神障碍患者家庭负担FBS总得分22.42±13.11,家庭经济负担达到中等及以上负担,6维度阳性回答率均达到50%以上,见表1
患者性别、婚姻、文化程度、医疗保障情况、每月花费药费、患病前是否工作、目前病情、患病类型不同,家庭负担FBS得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表2。监护人年龄、与患者同住时间、婚姻、健康状况、家庭月收入不同,家庭负担FBS得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表3
以严重精神障碍患者疾病家庭负担FBS得分总分为因变量,将患者病程、照料患者时间具有专业意义的变量强制纳入多因素模型,将单因素分析中P<0.10的变量作为自变量进行多重线性回归分析,变量赋值见表4。对自变量进行多重共线性诊断显示容许度均>0.5,方差膨胀因子均<5,变量间不存在多重共线性。多重线性回归分析结果显示,患者婚姻状况、文化程度、医疗保障、每月花费药费、服药情况、目前病情、监护人健康状况、与患者关系、同住时间、家庭月收入是家庭负担的影响因素(P<0.05),见表5
严重精神障碍患者直接、间接经济负担均较重[7],由于患病,在维持社会关系、职业和独立生活方面会产生功能障碍,精神症状严重者家庭监护人需对其进行持续监督,甚至很难长期外出从事全职工作,家庭在面对高昂的治疗费用、疾病反复发作及缺乏经济、社会和情感支持,导致经济负担十分严峻,与李川等[8]研究一致。本调查也显示,严重精神障碍对家庭关系、家庭活动、家庭成员身心健康产生较大负担,与Cham等[9]研究一致。由于精神疾病的复杂性,患者发病时会出现暴力或怪异行为,破坏社会治安,促使家庭成员减少社会互动,防止对他人造成伤害。家庭负担也会影响监护人身心健康[10],多数家庭因疾病受到严重附属耻辱、歧视[11],社会对精神障碍危险性和负面成见的认识,使家庭进一步孤立于社会支持来源之外。
本研究显示,非文盲、已婚患者、家庭月收入越高降低家庭负担。受教育程度低的患者抗精神病药物治疗依从性更低[12],药物不依从可能导致病情恶化、再住院等。教育影响健康相关行为[13]。非文盲患者更易接受健康教育,积极治疗。已婚患者精神症状低于单身、离婚、寡居者[14],稳定的婚姻可以降低患者发生危害行为风险[15],从而减少发病住院风险,降低就医费用支出,患者除原生家庭外,增加了伴侣的支持,家庭关系更和谐,能够改善家庭负担。贫困家庭患者享受高水平医疗救治及康复资源更难,经济因素严重影响监护人焦虑情绪[16]。因此家庭收入稳步增长,对照顾治疗病人提供了经济基础,减轻了监护人消极情绪,坚定了护理信心。每月花费药费多、享受医保者增加家庭负担。有慢病患者的家庭更易因病致贫或返贫[17]。严重精神障碍规律服用抗精神病药物是治疗的主要途径[18],患者虽缴纳医保,但医保与支出并不完全平衡,因看病产生的交通、陪护、误工费医保也无法负担。部分患者由于报销少自费多而放弃治疗,耽误病情,形成恶性循环。因此应拓宽抗精神病药物报销范围,建立扩大专业精神病医院,提供低成本住院和康复资源。
患者病情、服药情况影响家庭负担。不服药者包括彻底放弃就医或是病情稳定暂未服药,病情对家庭负担影响最大,病情越不稳定,增加负担分值越大。患者精神症状与家庭关系、经济负担、日常娱乐活动相关[19],并且与复发风险相关,症状严重会降低监护人生活质量[20]。病情不稳定者产生危险行为概率更大,意味着更多次住院治疗,更大伤人毁物风险,监护人会加大监护力度,投入更多照顾病人的时间及资金。精神症状频发者也会引起家庭成员心理问题,照顾症状严重者遭受沉重负担的风险更高,由于害怕患者伤害自己或他人,更易产生恐惧、焦虑、抑郁情绪,给家人带来更多照顾困难[21-22]。因此,对不同病情、不同危险等级患者,应及时进行危险性评估,适应特定疾病轨迹实施分级管理,病情不稳定、既往有暴力行为和风险者,要做好社区及关爱帮扶小组联合随访,开展综合管理。
监护人为患者子女、与患者同住1年以上、身体处于亚健康及患慢性病增加家庭负担。监护人负担最重要的预测因素是照顾的持续时间和病人的依赖程度,提供护理的时间越长或病人的依赖性越大,家庭负担越重[23]。当患者离开家时,负担减轻,为家人提供缓解机会[24]。并且当子女照顾患病长辈时,肩负着原生家庭和新生家庭的双重负担,因此社区精神卫生工作者应对长期监护患者的家庭提供“喘息服务”,如定期对患者提供康复社交活动,使其能独立于家庭,让家庭成员也有时间经营社会活动。监护人的躯体、心理疾病会使其不能很好地落实监护职责,产生照顾倦怠[25]。照顾倦怠会使其情绪消极,降低照顾质量,不利于患者康复。另外,监护人身体健康出现问题,对于健康监测的投入及疾病治疗费用都会增加。
综上所述,严重精神障碍患者家庭负担高,影响因素较多。政府应增加精神卫生资源投入,创新患者社区管理治疗模式,根据患者病情、家庭情况,建立分层分类补贴救助体系,依据地方财政扩大救助范围。建立监护人社会支持体系,为家庭成员定期开展心理、身体健康评估和咨询,对失业家庭提供就业援助,开展家属护理教育,为患者提供更专业的护理,促进患者康复及回归社会。本研究存在一定局限性,样本含量估计不全面,是否可以在本地区或其他地区应用,需进一步讨论。
  • 广州市医学重点学科(2021-2023-11)
  • 广州市科技局校企联合资助项目(2023A03J0939)
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2024年第51卷第18期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401234
  • 接收时间:2024-01-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-14
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广州市医学重点学科(2021-2023-11)
广州市科技局校企联合资助项目(2023A03J0939)
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    1.庆阳市疾病预防控制中心慢性病预防控制科,甘肃 庆阳 745000
    2.南方医科大学公共卫生学院
    3.广州市疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制部

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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