Article(id=1241759334896570382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404403, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713801600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773988096169, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1727193600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773988096169, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773988096169, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773988096169, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241759317016252418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='18', pageStart='3265', pageEnd='3456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773988091898, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991617194, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241774103024174010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241774103024174011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3363, endPage=3367, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241759336666566688, articleId=1241759334896570382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of the degree of change in the structure of hospitalization costs in a DRG reform pilot medical institution,Anhui, 2020-2022, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To study the control and structural change of hospitalization cost for malignant tumor and cardiovascular disease patients in a place in Anhui from 2020 to 2022, and to provide reference for reasonable control of medical cost and improvement of health insurance payment method reform.

Methods

Using the evaluation indexes of structural change value, structural change degree and structural change contribution rate, we analyzed the changes of hospitalization expenses and their influence degree on the total cost changes after DRG reform.

Results

The average cost of hospitalization and the average number of days of hospitalization for both types of diseases decreased significantly after the DRG reform, with the highest contribution of structural changes in the cost of medicines (29.89%) and the cost of treatments (26.61%), respectively.

Conclusion

The effect of DRG on actual cost control and structural optimization is obvious; the cost component of the value of medical personnel’s technical labor still needs to be further improved; and the problem of "supporting doctors with tests" needs to be paid attention to.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jia-cheng JIANG, Lu HU, Zhu CHEN, Si-xuan CHEN, Xin-yv JIN, Li-dan WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241759342056247356, articleId=1241759334896570382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=安徽某地DRG改革试点医疗机构2020—2022年住院费用结构变动度分析, columnId=1228016568014139551, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=卫生政策与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

研究2020—2022年安徽某地恶性肿瘤和心血管病患者住院费用控制及结构变化,为合理控制医疗费用、完善医保支付方式改革提供参考。

方法

运用结构变动值、结构变动度和结构变动贡献率等评价指标,分析DRG改革后住院各项费用变化情况及其对总费用变化的影响程度。

结果

DRG改革后两类疾病次均住院费用和次均住院天数明显下降,其中结构变动贡献率最高的分别是药品费(29.89%)和治疗费(26.61%)。

结论

DRG实际控费及结构优化效果明显;医护人员技术劳务价值的费用构成仍需进一步提高;需要关注“以检查化验养医”问题。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王丽丹(1981—),E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ObZtWIpvcT/QV9H5DAS+7Q==, magXml=VBGYHr+NwJLk23zV4zYRjQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=4/2scYGlRLny0xlF771S9w==, pdfFileSize=544078, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Tn49TjL+lnobKBae1jsjxw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

蒋加诚(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生经济与卫生政策

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蒋加诚(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生经济与卫生政策

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蒋加诚(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生经济与卫生政策

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Chinese Health Economics, 2019, 38(2): 21-23.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Discussion on the control strategy of hospitalization expenses in comprehensive public hospitals in Guangdong province: analysis based on grey correlation and structural change degree, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241759367679251222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334896570382, awardId=2022gykj01, language=CN, fundingSource=安徽医科大学医院管理研究所‘国医科技’开放项目(2022gykj01), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241759368107070255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334896570382, awardId=PHG202310, language=CN, fundingSource=公共健康社会治理安徽省哲学社会科学重点实验室项目(PHG202310), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241759368300008247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334896570382, awardId=2308085MG236, language=CN, fundingSource=安徽省自然科学基金项目(2308085MG236), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241759343750746202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334896570382, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759343767523420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334896570382, companyId=1241759343750746202, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei,Anhui 230032, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759343780106333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334896570382, companyId=1241759343750746202, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.安徽医科大学卫生管理学院,安徽 合肥 230032)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241759344279228519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334896570382, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759344304394345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334896570382, companyId=1241759344279228519, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.安徽医科大学卫生政策研究中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241759362037912184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334896570382, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic profile of patients hospitalized for malignant neoplasms, 2020—2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目202020212022χ2/FP
患者例数(例)9061 1181 124
患者性别(%)10.6320.005
52.3246.2452.31
47.6853.7647.69
患者平均年龄60.43±13.7460.62±13.6461.31±13.711.2100.298
患者年龄分布(%)5.5290.478
0~44岁13.0212.1610.41
45~64岁45.1445.0845.64
65~74岁28.1528.0027.67
≥75岁13.6914.7616.28
次均费用(元)17 245±18 27915 491±16 77513 746±15 78310.6050.000
手术占比(%)26.8285.0686.121 036.4250.000
次均住院日(天)8.74±8.907.49±8.237.02±7.9510.4670.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241759362352485002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334896570382, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2020—2022年恶性肿瘤住院患者基本情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目202020212022χ2/FP
患者例数(例)9061 1181 124
患者性别(%)10.6320.005
52.3246.2452.31
47.6853.7647.69
患者平均年龄60.43±13.7460.62±13.6461.31±13.711.2100.298
患者年龄分布(%)5.5290.478
0~44岁13.0212.1610.41
45~64岁45.1445.0845.64
65~74岁28.1528.0027.67
≥75岁13.6914.7616.28
次均费用(元)17 245±18 27915 491±16 77513 746±15 78310.6050.000
手术占比(%)26.8285.0686.121 036.4250.000
次均住院日(天)8.74±8.907.49±8.237.02±7.9510.4670.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241759362612531873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334896570382, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Basic profile of hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases, 2020—2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目202020212022χ2/FP
患者例数(例)1 2671 5461 542
患者性别(%)0.7660.682
54.7854.9256.23
45.2245.0843.77
患者平均年龄68.84±14.8969.14±15.1368.65±15.480.1370.872
患者年龄分布(%)7.4590.281
0~44岁6.556.736.55
45~64岁31.3328.7831.32
65~74岁25.6529.8227.63
≥75岁36.4634.6734.50
次均费用(元)18 129±28 24017 372±30 06516 052±26 6271.9580.141
手术占比(%)33.3947.0951.6999.6130.000
次均住院日(天)11.79±9.8510.76±7.6310.33±7.549.4060.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241759362801275571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334896570382, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2020—2022年心血管疾病住院患者基本情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目202020212022χ2/FP
患者例数(例)1 2671 5461 542
患者性别(%)0.7660.682
54.7854.9256.23
45.2245.0843.77
患者平均年龄68.84±14.8969.14±15.1368.65±15.480.1370.872
患者年龄分布(%)7.4590.281
0~44岁6.556.736.55
45~64岁31.3328.7831.32
65~74岁25.6529.8227.63
≥75岁36.4634.6734.50
次均费用(元)18 129±28 24017 372±30 06516 052±26 6271.9580.141
手术占比(%)33.3947.0951.6999.6130.000
次均住院日(天)11.79±9.8510.76±7.6310.33±7.549.4060.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241759362985824959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334896570382, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Components of average hospitalization costs, 2020—2022(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目恶性肿瘤心血管疾病
202020212022202020212022
药费49.6644.6341.9327.8128.3223.87
检查费10.789.519.048.9410.8613.95
化验费7.759.2312.2711.0312.0713.73
治疗费11.4614.028.8920.7618.0111.33
护理费0.000.902.140.001.493.38
诊察费0.000.452.690.000.653.54
床位费1.591.621.852.292.292.47
手术费4.124.596.272.353.345.25
材料费12.6814.3213.8624.1222.1421.87
其他1.950.721.052.690.840.60
), ArticleFig(id=1241759364353168075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334896570382, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2020—2022年住院次均费用构成(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目恶性肿瘤心血管疾病
202020212022202020212022
药费49.6644.6341.9327.8128.3223.87
检查费10.789.519.048.9410.8613.95
化验费7.759.2312.2711.0312.0713.73
治疗费11.4614.028.8920.7618.0111.33
护理费0.000.902.140.001.493.38
诊察费0.000.452.690.000.653.54
床位费1.591.621.852.292.292.47
手术费4.124.596.272.353.345.25
材料费12.6814.3213.8624.1222.1421.87
其他1.950.721.052.690.840.60
), ArticleFig(id=1241759364537717465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334896570382, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

VSV and DSV of hospitalization costs, 2020—2022(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目恶性肿瘤心血管疾病
2020—20212021—20222020—20222020—20212021—20222020—2022
药费-5.04-2.70-7.740.51-4.45-3.94
检查费-1.27-0.46-1.741.923.095.01
化验费1.483.044.521.041.672.71
治疗费2.56-5.13-2.57-2.75-6.68-9.43
护理费0.901.242.141.491.903.38
诊察费0.452.242.690.652.893.54
床位费0.030.230.260.000.190.18
手术费0.471.682.150.991.912.89
材料费1.64-0.471.17-1.98-0.27-2.26
其他-1.230.33-0.89-1.85-0.24-2.09
DSV15.0617.5325.8913.1923.2735.43
), ArticleFig(id=1241759364869067496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334896570382, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2020—2022年住院费用VSV和DSV(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目恶性肿瘤心血管疾病
2020—20212021—20222020—20222020—20212021—20222020—2022
药费-5.04-2.70-7.740.51-4.45-3.94
检查费-1.27-0.46-1.741.923.095.01
化验费1.483.044.521.041.672.71
治疗费2.56-5.13-2.57-2.75-6.68-9.43
护理费0.901.242.141.491.903.38
诊察费0.452.242.690.652.893.54
床位费0.030.230.260.000.190.18
手术费0.471.682.150.991.912.89
材料费1.64-0.471.17-1.98-0.27-2.26
其他-1.230.33-0.89-1.85-0.24-2.09
DSV15.0617.5325.8913.1923.2735.43
), ArticleFig(id=1241759367083660022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334896570382, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Contribution to change in hospitalization cost structure, 2020—2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目恶性肿瘤心血管疾病
2020—20212021—20222020—20222020—20212021—20222020—2022
药费33.43a15.42a29.89a3.8519.1a11.12a
检查费8.44a2.65a6.70a14.5813.2814.14
化验费9.8417.3317.467.907.167.64
治疗费16.9829.28a9.95a20.87a28.69a26.6a
护理费5.987.098.2811.268.159.54
诊察费2.9912.7710.384.9312.429.99
床位费0.211.331.020.040.800.51
手术费3.139.608.327.498.208.17
材料费10.882.65a4.5315.03a1.17a6.37a
其他8.13a1.893.45a14.06a1.02a5.90a
), ArticleFig(id=1241759367339512579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334896570382, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

2020—2022年住院费用结构变动贡献率(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目恶性肿瘤心血管疾病
2020—20212021—20222020—20222020—20212021—20222020—2022
药费33.43a15.42a29.89a3.8519.1a11.12a
检查费8.44a2.65a6.70a14.5813.2814.14
化验费9.8417.3317.467.907.167.64
治疗费16.9829.28a9.95a20.87a28.69a26.6a
护理费5.987.098.2811.268.159.54
诊察费2.9912.7710.384.9312.429.99
床位费0.211.331.020.040.800.51
手术费3.139.608.327.498.208.17
材料费10.882.65a4.5315.03a1.17a6.37a
其他8.13a1.893.45a14.06a1.02a5.90a
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安徽某地DRG改革试点医疗机构2020—2022年住院费用结构变动度分析
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蒋加诚 1 , 胡璐 1 , 陈柱 1 , 陈思璇 1 , 金心钰 1 , 王丽丹 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2024,51(18): 3363-3367
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现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2024, 51(18): 3363-3367
安徽某地DRG改革试点医疗机构2020—2022年住院费用结构变动度分析
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蒋加诚1, 胡璐1, 陈柱1, 陈思璇1, 金心钰1, 王丽丹1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.安徽医科大学卫生管理学院,安徽 合肥 230032
  • 2.安徽医科大学卫生政策研究中心
  • 蒋加诚(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生经济与卫生政策

通讯作者:

王丽丹(1981—),E-mail:
Analysis of the degree of change in the structure of hospitalization costs in a DRG reform pilot medical institution,Anhui, 2020-2022
Jia-cheng JIANG1, Lu HU1, Zhu CHEN1, Si-xuan CHEN1, Xin-yv JIN1, Li-dan WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei,Anhui 230032, China
出版时间: 2024-09-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404403
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目的

研究2020—2022年安徽某地恶性肿瘤和心血管病患者住院费用控制及结构变化,为合理控制医疗费用、完善医保支付方式改革提供参考。

方法

运用结构变动值、结构变动度和结构变动贡献率等评价指标,分析DRG改革后住院各项费用变化情况及其对总费用变化的影响程度。

结果

DRG改革后两类疾病次均住院费用和次均住院天数明显下降,其中结构变动贡献率最高的分别是药品费(29.89%)和治疗费(26.61%)。

结论

DRG实际控费及结构优化效果明显;医护人员技术劳务价值的费用构成仍需进一步提高;需要关注“以检查化验养医”问题。

DRG  /  结构变动度  /  住院费用  /  慢性非传染性疾病
Objective

To study the control and structural change of hospitalization cost for malignant tumor and cardiovascular disease patients in a place in Anhui from 2020 to 2022, and to provide reference for reasonable control of medical cost and improvement of health insurance payment method reform.

Methods

Using the evaluation indexes of structural change value, structural change degree and structural change contribution rate, we analyzed the changes of hospitalization expenses and their influence degree on the total cost changes after DRG reform.

Results

The average cost of hospitalization and the average number of days of hospitalization for both types of diseases decreased significantly after the DRG reform, with the highest contribution of structural changes in the cost of medicines (29.89%) and the cost of treatments (26.61%), respectively.

Conclusion

The effect of DRG on actual cost control and structural optimization is obvious; the cost component of the value of medical personnel’s technical labor still needs to be further improved; and the problem of "supporting doctors with tests" needs to be paid attention to.

DRG  /  Structural variability  /  Hospitalization costs  /  Chronic non-communicable diseases
蒋加诚, 胡璐, 陈柱, 陈思璇, 金心钰, 王丽丹. 安徽某地DRG改革试点医疗机构2020—2022年住院费用结构变动度分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (18) : 3363 -3367 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404403
Jia-cheng JIANG, Lu HU, Zhu CHEN, Si-xuan CHEN, Xin-yv JIN, Li-dan WANG. Analysis of the degree of change in the structure of hospitalization costs in a DRG reform pilot medical institution,Anhui, 2020-2022[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (18) : 3363 -3367 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404403
慢性非传染性疾病已经逐渐成为危害人类健康的首要问题[1]。其中恶性肿瘤和心血管疾病作为慢性非传染性疾病中高发病率、高死亡率的典型代表,在我国人口老龄化的背景下其患者人数呈现稳定增长的态势,患者医疗费用负担加剧,医保基金支出也面临较大压力[2-4]。而我国原来的医保支付方式按服务项目付费虽然易于操作,但缺乏有效的过程管理,无法满足合理控制医疗服务成本和费用、规范医院医疗服务行为的需要。与此同时,按疾病诊断相关分组(Diagnosis related groups,DRG)在国际实践中被指出有助于促进医疗费用与医疗质量的平衡发展,成为现阶段包括我国在内的多个国家医保支付方式改革的重要方向[5]。2017年我国《关于进一步深化基本医疗保险支付方式改革的指导意见》出台,明确指出要控制医疗费用的不合理上涨,引入DRG支付方式作为用于控制医疗费用不合理增长的工具。那么DRG改革后心血管疾病和恶性肿瘤的住院医疗费用是否得到明显控制,费用结构是否更为合理?本研究以获批成为DRG付费国家试点城市的安徽某市为例,对其住院患者的费用及结构变化进行深入分析,为DRG改革政策的持续完善提供参考。
本研究使用医疗保险结算清单数据,从当地第一批17家DRG试点医疗机构心血管病和恶性肿瘤住院患者数据中,按照系统抽样方法抽取2020—2022三年间1%的数据(将所有数据按照住院时间排序编号,然后从1~10中随机抽取一位数作为起点,每隔100条数据抽取一条数据)进行分析。包括患者人口学特征以及住院相关数据(主诊断、出院时间、住院总费用、医疗费用结构等)。
使用Excel 2021对数据进行清洗和过滤,用SPSS 25.0进行统计学分析。筛选出出院时间在2020年1月至2022年12月之间诊断为心血管病或恶性肿瘤(ICD-10编码为:C00-C97、I00-I02、I05-I15、I20-I28、I30-I52、I60-I89、I95-I99)的住院患者,剔除住院天数为零等指标异常数据后最终将7 503条住院数据纳入分析,观察次均住院情况。
该市自获批成为DRG试点地区后积极推进DRG试点工作。2021年1月起将第一批17家试点医疗机构纳入DRG实际付费,将市内大部分三级和部分二级医疗机构纳入DRG付费。2022年在2021年方案的基础上扩大试点医疗机构数量,将市内大部分二、三级和部分一级医疗机构纳入DRG付费。并且在2022年通过扩大固定系数病组,调整病组差异系数构成等方式对付费方案进行完善。本文将当地2021年1月起正式实施DRG付费的第一批试点医疗机构作为研究对象,观察其2020—2022年三年来的患者次均住院费用及其结构变动等情况。
通过结构变动方法分析2020—2022年当地DRG改革试点医疗机构恶性肿瘤和心血管疾病住院医疗费用结构变动情况。主要通过结构变动值(value of structure variation,VSV)、结构变动度(degree of structure variation,DSV)和结构变动贡献率3个指标对数据进行分析[6-7]
VSV是指在一定时期内某事物组成部分期末的构成比值与期初构成比值之差。VSV的正负号反映了各项构成的变动方向,当值>0,说明比重增加,为正向变动;反之说明比重在减少,为负向变动。DSV是一个反映事物行构成和列构成变化的综合指标,值在0~100%间波动,波动值越大,表示比较期间事物的结构变动程度越大。结构变动贡献率则意在展示某项费用的变化对整体费用结构变动影响的大小。
从恶性肿瘤住院患者基本情况可以看出(表1),本文共纳入3 148条恶性肿瘤患者数据进行分析,2020—2022年患者分别为906、1 118和1 124例。其中患者平均年龄在61岁左右,主要集中在45~64岁之间(45.08%~45.64%)。次均住院费用和次均住院日2020—2022年呈下降趋势,2022年分别为13 746元和7.02天。患者手术占比呈上升趋势,2022年达86.12%。从心血管疾病住院患者基本情况可以看出(表2),本文共纳入4 355条心血管病患者数据进行分析,2020—2022年患者分别为1 267、1 546和1 542例。其中患者平均年龄在69岁左右,主要集中在75岁以上(34.50%~36.46%)。次均住院费用和次均住院日2020—2022年呈下降趋势,2022年分别为16 052元和10.33天。患者手术占比呈上升趋势,2022年达51.69%。
检验结果显示恶性肿瘤患者性别2021年分别与2020和2022年有统计学差异(P<0.05);次均费用2022年分别与前两年有统计学差异;手术占比、次均住院日2020年分别与后两年有统计学差异。心血管疾病患者手术占比三年两两间均有统计学差异;次均住院日2020年分别与后两年有统计学差异。其他均无统计学差异。
对住院医疗费用原始数据进行处理分析(表3)。结果显示恶性肿瘤住院费用构成比较高的为药费和材料费,2020—2022年两者合计构成比分别为62.34%、58.95%和55.78%。体现医护人员技术劳务价值的治疗费、手术费、护理费和诊察费2020—2022年合计构成比分别为15.58%、19.96%和19.99%。检查费结构占比呈下降趋势,化验费则呈上升趋势,2022年分别达9.04%和12.27%。
心血管疾病住院费用构成比较高的同样为药费和材料费,2020—2022年两者合计构成比分别为51.93%、50.46%和45.74%。体现医护人员技术劳务价值的治疗费、手术费、护理费和诊察费2020—2022年合计构成比分别为23.11%、23.48%和23.50%。检查费、化验费结构占比均呈上升趋势,2022年分别达13.95%和13.73%。
根据2020—2022年住院医疗费用构成,计算各时间区间的住院医疗费用VSV和DSV(表4)。结果显示恶性肿瘤2020—2022年合计结构变动度为25.89%,其中药费(-7.74%)、治疗费(-2.57%)和检查费(-1.74%)为负向变动,而化验费(4.52%)、诊察费(2.69%)、护理费(2.14%)、手术费(2.15%)和材料费(1.17%)为正向变动。而心血管疾病2020—2022年合计结构变动度为35.43%,其中治疗费(-9.43%)、药费(-3.94%)和材料费(-2.26%)为负向变动,而检查费(5.01%)、诊察费(3.54%)、护理费(3.38%)、手术费(2.89%)和化验费(2.71%)为正向变动。
根据相关公式对住院收入结构变动的贡献率进行计算(表5)。结果显示恶性肿瘤2020—2022年药费(29.89%)、化验费(17.46%)和诊察费(10.38%)对住院医疗费用结构变动的贡献率较高。心血管疾病则为治疗费(26.61%)、检查费(14.14%)和药费(11.12%)对住院医疗费用结构变动的贡献率较高。
医保支付方式改革是基本医保管理和深化医改的重要环节,是规范医疗服务行为、引导医疗资源合理配置的重要杠杆[8]。DRG作为医保支付方式的重要手段之一,在控制医疗费用不合理增长,提高医疗服务质量和效率方面被寄予厚望[9]。从本文研究结果来看,DRG试点医疗机构正式采用DRG付费后次均住院费用和次均住院天数逐年下降,医疗机构医护人员的技术劳务价值费用占比有所提高,药占比有所下降。总体来看,本文与相关疾病研究结果一致[10-11],DRG改革在恶性肿瘤和心血管疾病患者的住院费用控制及结构优化方面具有重要意义,医疗机构医疗费用管控意识得到增强,主动降低医疗成本,符合腾空间、调结构的医改方向。
3年间,随着当地DRG改革政策的不断完善、日趋成熟,试点医疗机构恶性肿瘤和心血管疾病的次均住院费用和次均住院日均得到控制。费用结构中治疗费、诊察费、护理费和手术费反映医护人员技术劳务价值的合计费用占比均有所提高,2022年两类病种该项目构成比分别为19.99%和23.50%,与提高技术劳务性收入占比逐步达到30%以上的政策目标仍有一定差距[12]。仍需进一步提高体现医护人员技术劳务价值的费用结构,避免医护人员因工作激励不足寻求其他利益增长点而导致医疗费用增长不合理情况的发生[13]
从实证结果可以看出,两类疾病的结构变化情况略有差异,但药占比均呈现明显的负向变动,2022年分别降低到了41.93%和23.87%。药占比下降的同时检查或化验的占比却在不断上升,并且结构变动贡献率较高。建议关注药品或耗材费用占比下降与其他费用占比提升之间的转换,防止药品或耗材下降的比例被不合理化验费或检查费等占用,关注“以检查化验养医”的问题[14]
首先由于本文是抽样研究,可能无法完全呈现真实世界的情况,但通过采用系统抽样已经尽可能控制了样本偏差。此外,由于目前仅能获取2020—2022年的数据进行分析,在一定程度上限制了研究结果的表达。后续可随着DRG改革的深入推进,适当延长研究时间的跨度,获取全量数据进行更深入的分析,为评价DRG支付方式改革效果提供更为翔实的参考依据。
  • 安徽医科大学医院管理研究所‘国医科技’开放项目(2022gykj01)
  • 公共健康社会治理安徽省哲学社会科学重点实验室项目(PHG202310)
  • 安徽省自然科学基金项目(2308085MG236)
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2024年第51卷第18期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404403
  • 接收时间:2024-04-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-23
基金
安徽医科大学医院管理研究所‘国医科技’开放项目(2022gykj01)
公共健康社会治理安徽省哲学社会科学重点实验室项目(PHG202310)
安徽省自然科学基金项目(2308085MG236)
作者信息
    1.安徽医科大学卫生管理学院,安徽 合肥 230032
    2.安徽医科大学卫生政策研究中心

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王丽丹(1981—),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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