Article(id=1241759334749769740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401435, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706198400000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773988096177, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1727193600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773988096177, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773988096177, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773988096177, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241759317016252418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='18', pageStart='3265', pageEnd='3456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773988091898, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991617194, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241774103024174010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241774103024174011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3326, endPage=3331, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241759335500550166, articleId=1241759334749769740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Investigating the status quo and influencing factors of childhood obesity health literacy of primary school parents, Yangzhou, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the status quo of children’s obesity health literacy among parents of primary school students in Yangzhou City, analyze related influencing factors, and put forward new ideas for optimizing health education of childhood obesity prevention and control.

Methods

Stratified cluster random sampling was used to randomly select 1 street from each of the 6 counties (cities and districts) in Yangzhou City, and then randomly select 4 primary schools from each street, and randomly select at least 1 class from each grade (grades 1-6) in each primary school. Questionnaire survey was conducted on parents of the students in the whole class.

Results

A total of 6 097 parents of primary school students were surveyed, among whom 3 615 reached the standard of health literacy, the rate of reaching the standard was 59.29%. The compliance rates of health cognition, health behavior, health knowledge, operation skills and health consciousness were 66.54%, 41.68%, 69.99%, 44.89% and 32.97%, respectively. According to χ2 test, there were significant differences in parents’ health literacy attainment rates among different places of residence, age, occupation, education level, family income, relationship with children, and student weight status (all P values <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that residence, educational level, occupation and students’ weight status were the influencing factors of parents’ childhood obesity health literacy. Living in towns and villages (OR=1.223, 95%CI: 1.092-1.369) , profession of production/manufacturing/repair industry (OR=1.353, 95%CI: 1.059-1.729) and jobless person (OR=1.514, 95%CI: 1.126-2.036) or others (OR=1.404, 95%CI: 1.112-1.773), and students’ weight status as obesity (OR=1.203, 95%CI: 1.060-1.366) are risk factors for childhood obesity health literacy of primary school parents, and parents’ education of high school or above (OR=0.265-0.649, 95%CI: 0.133-0.752) are protective factors for childhood obesity health literacy of primary school parents.

Conclusion

The parents of primary school students in our city have a high level of obesity health literacy, but a low rate of health behavior, operation skills and health awareness. In the process of child obesity prevention and control education, it is necessary to pay attention to the parents of students living in towns and villages, with low education level, unemployment and parents of obese students, and carry out targeted health education activities.

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目的

了解扬州市小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养现状,分析相关影响因素,为优化我市儿童肥胖防控健康教育工作提出新思路。

方法

采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,在扬州市6个县(市、区)每地随机抽取1个街道,再从每个街道随机抽取4所小学,每所小学每个年级(1~6年级)至少随机抽取1个班级,以整班为单位,对学生家长开展问卷调查。

结果

本次共调查小学生家长6 097人,其中健康素养达标3 615人,达标率为59.29%。健康认知、健康行为、健康知识、操作技能和健康意识的达标率分别为66.54%、41.68%、69.99%、44.89%、32.97%。经χ2检验,不同居住地、年龄、职业、文化程度、家庭收入、与学生关系、学生体重状态的家长健康素养达标率不同,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,居住地、文化程度、职业、学生体重状态是小学生家长儿童肥胖健康素养的影响因素。家长居住在乡镇(OR=1.223,95%CI:1.092~1.369)、职业为生产/制造/修理业(OR=1.353,95%CI:1.059~1.729)和无业(OR=1.514,95%CI:1.126~2.036)以及其他(OR=1.404,95%CI:1.112~1.773)、学生体重状态为肥胖(OR=1.203,95%CI:1.060~1.366)是小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养的危险因素,家长学历为高中及以上(OR=0.265~0.649,95%CI:0.133~0.752)是小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养的保护因素。

结论

我市小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养总体水平较高,但健康行为、操作技能和健康意识达标率较低。开展儿童肥胖防控宣教工作过程中需重点关注居住在乡镇、低文化程度、无业、肥胖学生的家长,并开展针对性的健康教育活动。

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陆盛华,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=HTgNzqWRdS6MjJ3n7gxsNQ==, magXml=m1brxO5oUf0uitPGE9zxlg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=njYdu2l1ZXiRE9sJVzAL5w==, pdfFileSize=586254, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=paAK+sxjk0pDpQobemsvvg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

朱维维(1988—),女,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:儿童青少年健康促进工作

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Study on health literacy level of urban and rural residents in China and its influencing factors in 2021[J].Chinese Journal of Health Education,2024,40(5): 387-391, 400. 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Health literacy of child rearing and its determinants among caregivers of 0-3 year-old children in Minhang District,Shanghai[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2022, 34(8): 800-805.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Health literacy of child rearing and its determinants among caregivers of 0-3 year-old children in Minhang District,Shanghai, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241759364474802898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334749769740, awardId=YZ2022248, language=CN, fundingSource=扬州市科技局2022年市级计划-政策引导计划(YZ2022248), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241759341188026420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334749769740, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759341208997942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334749769740, companyId=1241759341188026420, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759341229969463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334749769740, companyId=1241759341188026420, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=扬州市疾病预防控制中心,江苏 扬州 225100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241759362067272316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334749769740, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Children’s obesity health literacy standards of parents of primary school students [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类调查人数健康素养健康认知健康行为健康知识操作技能健康意识
性别
1 8641 075(57.67)1 247(66.90)771(41.36)1 272(68.24)858(46.03)549(29.45)
4 2332 540(60.00)2 810(66.38)1 770(41.81)2 995(70.75)1 879(44.39)1 461(34.51)
χ22.9180.1550.1093.8911.40815.004
P0.0880.6940.7420.049a0.235<0.001
居住地
城区3 7392 392(63.97)2 597(69.46)1 649(44.10)2 717(72.67)1 844(49.32)1 241(33.19)
乡镇2 3581 223(51.87)1 460(61.92)892(37.83)1 550(65.73)893(37.87)769(32.61)
χ287.83636.92723.41833.08776.5910.219
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.0010.640
年龄(岁)
20~3019397(50.26)110(56.99)90(46.63)129(66.84)81(41.97)56(29.02)
31~404 5142 748(60.88)3 091(68.48)1 884(41.74)3 209(71.09)2 060(45.64)1 497(33.16)
41~501 217686(56.37)760(62.45)484(39.77)815(66.97)524(43.06)407(33.44)
>5017384(48.55)96(55.49)83(47.98)114(65.90)72(41.62)50(28.90)
χ223.79834.1326.60210.1834.0822.861
P<0.001<0.0010.0860.017a0.2530.414
文化程度
初中及以下1 377582(42.27)705(51.20)508(36.89)791(57.44)443(32.17)377(27.38)
高中/职高/中专1 9051 053(55.28)1 210(63.52)743(39.00)1 276(92.67)763(40.05)555(29.13)
大专1 466960(65.48)1 054(71.90)602(41.06)1 089(74.28)715(48.77)518(35.33)
本科1 290972(75.35)1 036(80.31)654(50.70)1 058(82.02)776(60.16)533(41.32)
研究生及以上5948(81.36)52(88.14)34(57.63)53(89.83)40(67.80)27(45.76)
χ2351.099294.50768.164224.126251.01280.924
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
家庭收入(万)
<3586286(48.81)333(56.83)252(43.00)362(61.77)234(39.93)159(27.13)
3~81 642862(52.50)991(60.35)596(36.30)1079(65.71)652(39.71)487(29.66)
9~121 7491 022(58.43)1 160(66.32)708(40.48)1 206(68.95)776(44.37)560(32.02)
13~301 7741 201(67.70)1 308(73.73)811(45.72)1 347(75.93)889(50.11)671(37.82)
>30346244(70.52)265(76.59)174(50.29)273(78.90)186(53.76)133(38.44)
χ2128.677110.00943.46876.90554.39841.495
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
职业
机关事业单位592458(77.36)474(80.06)327(55.24)488(82.43)372(62.84)257(43.41)
交通运输业10164(63.37)71(70.30)47(46.53)79(78.22)49(48.51)23(22.77)
商业/零售业506327(64.62)357(70.55)218(43.08)383(75.69)244(48.22)183(36.17)
生产/制造/修理业1 537886(57.64)1 017(66.17)628(40.86)1 044(67.92)646(42.03)514(33.44)
餐饮服务业285156(54.74)181(63.51)107(37.54)190(66.67)108(37.89)86(30.18)
无业489239(48.88)291(59.51)195(39.88)320(65.44)186(38.04)147(30.06)
其他2 5871 485(57.40)1 666(64.40)1 019(39.39)1 763(68.15)1 132(43.76)800(30.92)
χ2116.75670.41554.81968.333101.23544.237
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
与学生关系
父亲1 349806(59.75)931(69.01)608(45.07)913(67.68)660(48.93)366(27.13)
母亲4 5822 727(59.52)3 034(66.22)1 855(40.48)3 245(70.82)2 010(43.87)1 590(34.70)
(外)祖父母及其他16682(49.40)92(55.42)78(46.99)109(65.66)67(40.36)54(32.53)
χ26.94413.14210.9986.41212.19227.038
P0.03a0.00a0.004a0.04a0.002a<0.001
学生体重状态
肥胖1 349731(54.19)843(62.49)510(37.81)909(67.38)558(41.36)385(28.54)
不肥胖4 7482 884(60.74)3 214(67.69)2 031(42.78)3 358(70.72)2 179(45.89)1 625(34.22)
χ218.69012.76310.6765.5838.71015.365
P<0.001<0.0010.00a0.018a0.003a<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241759362306347655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334749769740, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养达标情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类调查人数健康素养健康认知健康行为健康知识操作技能健康意识
性别
1 8641 075(57.67)1 247(66.90)771(41.36)1 272(68.24)858(46.03)549(29.45)
4 2332 540(60.00)2 810(66.38)1 770(41.81)2 995(70.75)1 879(44.39)1 461(34.51)
χ22.9180.1550.1093.8911.40815.004
P0.0880.6940.7420.049a0.235<0.001
居住地
城区3 7392 392(63.97)2 597(69.46)1 649(44.10)2 717(72.67)1 844(49.32)1 241(33.19)
乡镇2 3581 223(51.87)1 460(61.92)892(37.83)1 550(65.73)893(37.87)769(32.61)
χ287.83636.92723.41833.08776.5910.219
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.0010.640
年龄(岁)
20~3019397(50.26)110(56.99)90(46.63)129(66.84)81(41.97)56(29.02)
31~404 5142 748(60.88)3 091(68.48)1 884(41.74)3 209(71.09)2 060(45.64)1 497(33.16)
41~501 217686(56.37)760(62.45)484(39.77)815(66.97)524(43.06)407(33.44)
>5017384(48.55)96(55.49)83(47.98)114(65.90)72(41.62)50(28.90)
χ223.79834.1326.60210.1834.0822.861
P<0.001<0.0010.0860.017a0.2530.414
文化程度
初中及以下1 377582(42.27)705(51.20)508(36.89)791(57.44)443(32.17)377(27.38)
高中/职高/中专1 9051 053(55.28)1 210(63.52)743(39.00)1 276(92.67)763(40.05)555(29.13)
大专1 466960(65.48)1 054(71.90)602(41.06)1 089(74.28)715(48.77)518(35.33)
本科1 290972(75.35)1 036(80.31)654(50.70)1 058(82.02)776(60.16)533(41.32)
研究生及以上5948(81.36)52(88.14)34(57.63)53(89.83)40(67.80)27(45.76)
χ2351.099294.50768.164224.126251.01280.924
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
家庭收入(万)
<3586286(48.81)333(56.83)252(43.00)362(61.77)234(39.93)159(27.13)
3~81 642862(52.50)991(60.35)596(36.30)1079(65.71)652(39.71)487(29.66)
9~121 7491 022(58.43)1 160(66.32)708(40.48)1 206(68.95)776(44.37)560(32.02)
13~301 7741 201(67.70)1 308(73.73)811(45.72)1 347(75.93)889(50.11)671(37.82)
>30346244(70.52)265(76.59)174(50.29)273(78.90)186(53.76)133(38.44)
χ2128.677110.00943.46876.90554.39841.495
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
职业
机关事业单位592458(77.36)474(80.06)327(55.24)488(82.43)372(62.84)257(43.41)
交通运输业10164(63.37)71(70.30)47(46.53)79(78.22)49(48.51)23(22.77)
商业/零售业506327(64.62)357(70.55)218(43.08)383(75.69)244(48.22)183(36.17)
生产/制造/修理业1 537886(57.64)1 017(66.17)628(40.86)1 044(67.92)646(42.03)514(33.44)
餐饮服务业285156(54.74)181(63.51)107(37.54)190(66.67)108(37.89)86(30.18)
无业489239(48.88)291(59.51)195(39.88)320(65.44)186(38.04)147(30.06)
其他2 5871 485(57.40)1 666(64.40)1 019(39.39)1 763(68.15)1 132(43.76)800(30.92)
χ2116.75670.41554.81968.333101.23544.237
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
与学生关系
父亲1 349806(59.75)931(69.01)608(45.07)913(67.68)660(48.93)366(27.13)
母亲4 5822 727(59.52)3 034(66.22)1 855(40.48)3 245(70.82)2 010(43.87)1 590(34.70)
(外)祖父母及其他16682(49.40)92(55.42)78(46.99)109(65.66)67(40.36)54(32.53)
χ26.94413.14210.9986.41212.19227.038
P0.03a0.00a0.004a0.04a0.002a<0.001
学生体重状态
肥胖1 349731(54.19)843(62.49)510(37.81)909(67.38)558(41.36)385(28.54)
不肥胖4 7482 884(60.74)3 214(67.69)2 031(42.78)3 358(70.72)2 179(45.89)1 625(34.22)
χ218.69012.76310.6765.5838.71015.365
P<0.001<0.0010.00a0.018a0.003a<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241759362541228694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334749769740, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Variable assignment table for multivariate logistic regression analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
居住地0=城区,1=乡镇
年龄(岁)0=20~30,1=31~40,2=41~50,3=>50
文化程度0=初中及以下,1=高中/职高/中专,2=大专,3=本科,4=研究生及以上
家庭收入(万)0=<3,1=3~8,2=9~12,3=13~30,4=>30
职业0=机关事业单位,1=交通运输业,2=商业/零售业,3=生产/制造/修理业,4=餐饮服务业,5=无业,6=其他
与孩子关系0=父亲,1=母亲,2=(外)祖父母及其他
学生体重状态0=肥胖,1=不肥胖
), ArticleFig(id=1241759362692223654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334749769740, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

多因素logistic回归分析的变量赋值表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
居住地0=城区,1=乡镇
年龄(岁)0=20~30,1=31~40,2=41~50,3=>50
文化程度0=初中及以下,1=高中/职高/中专,2=大专,3=本科,4=研究生及以上
家庭收入(万)0=<3,1=3~8,2=9~12,3=13~30,4=>30
职业0=机关事业单位,1=交通运输业,2=商业/零售业,3=生产/制造/修理业,4=餐饮服务业,5=无业,6=其他
与孩子关系0=父亲,1=母亲,2=(外)祖父母及其他
学生体重状态0=肥胖,1=不肥胖
), ArticleFig(id=1241759362797081266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334749769740, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of child obesity health literacy of parents of primary school students

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类参照组β标准误Wald χ2POR(95%CI
居住地
乡镇城区0.2010.05812.140<0.0011.223(1.092~1.369)
年龄(岁)
31~4020~30-0.1760.1551.2930.2550.838(0.618~1.136)
41~50-0.1980.1631.4780.2240.820(0.596~1.129)
>50-0.2130.2440.7570.3840.808(0.501~1.305)
文化程度
高中/职高/中专初中及以下-0.4330.07532.926<0.0010.649(0.560~0.752)
大专-0.7930.08586.995<0.0010.452(0.383~0.534)
本科-1.1130.102118.421<0.0010.328(0.269~0.401)
研究生及以上-1.3280.35314.179<0.0010.265(0.133~0.529)
家庭收入(万)
3~8<30.0620.1010.3790.5381.064(0.873~1.297)
9~12-0.0010.1030.0000.9940.999(0.817~1.223)
13~30-0.1750.1082.6590.1030.839(0.680~1.036)
>30-0.1400.1560.8080.3690.869(0.640~1.18)
职业
交通运输业机关事业单位0.1140.2400.2240.6361.120(0.700~1.793)
商业/零售业0.1290.1470.7640.3821.137(0.852~1.517)
生产/制造/修理业0.3020.1255.8420.016a1.353(1.059~1.729)
餐饮服务业0.3090.1683.3800.0661.361(0.980~1.892)
无业0.4150.1517.5480.006a1.514(1.126~2.036)
其他0.3400.1198.1500.004a1.404(1.112~1.773)
与学生关系
母亲父亲-0.0470.0680.4750.4910.954(0.836~1.090)
(外)祖父母及其他0.0640.2240.0820.7741.066(0.687~1.655)
学生体重状态
肥胖不肥胖0.1850.0658.1650.004a1.203(1.060~1.366)
), ArticleFig(id=1241759362939687611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334749769740, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养的多因素logistic 回归分析Wald χ2

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类参照组β标准误Wald χ2POR(95%CI
居住地
乡镇城区0.2010.05812.140<0.0011.223(1.092~1.369)
年龄(岁)
31~4020~30-0.1760.1551.2930.2550.838(0.618~1.136)
41~50-0.1980.1631.4780.2240.820(0.596~1.129)
>50-0.2130.2440.7570.3840.808(0.501~1.305)
文化程度
高中/职高/中专初中及以下-0.4330.07532.926<0.0010.649(0.560~0.752)
大专-0.7930.08586.995<0.0010.452(0.383~0.534)
本科-1.1130.102118.421<0.0010.328(0.269~0.401)
研究生及以上-1.3280.35314.179<0.0010.265(0.133~0.529)
家庭收入(万)
3~8<30.0620.1010.3790.5381.064(0.873~1.297)
9~12-0.0010.1030.0000.9940.999(0.817~1.223)
13~30-0.1750.1082.6590.1030.839(0.680~1.036)
>30-0.1400.1560.8080.3690.869(0.640~1.18)
职业
交通运输业机关事业单位0.1140.2400.2240.6361.120(0.700~1.793)
商业/零售业0.1290.1470.7640.3821.137(0.852~1.517)
生产/制造/修理业0.3020.1255.8420.016a1.353(1.059~1.729)
餐饮服务业0.3090.1683.3800.0661.361(0.980~1.892)
无业0.4150.1517.5480.006a1.514(1.126~2.036)
其他0.3400.1198.1500.004a1.404(1.112~1.773)
与学生关系
母亲父亲-0.0470.0680.4750.4910.954(0.836~1.090)
(外)祖父母及其他0.0640.2240.0820.7741.066(0.687~1.655)
学生体重状态
肥胖不肥胖0.1850.0658.1650.004a1.203(1.060~1.366)
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扬州市小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养现状及影响因素分析
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朱维维 , 杨帆 , 姚庆兵 , 孙蕾 , 陈思羽 , 陆盛华 , 戴翔宇
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(18): 3326-3331
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(18): 3326-3331
扬州市小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养现状及影响因素分析
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朱维维, 杨帆, 姚庆兵, 孙蕾, 陈思羽, 陆盛华 , 戴翔宇
作者信息
  • 扬州市疾病预防控制中心,江苏 扬州 225100
  • 朱维维(1988—),女,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:儿童青少年健康促进工作

通讯作者:

陆盛华,E-mail:
Investigating the status quo and influencing factors of childhood obesity health literacy of primary school parents, Yangzhou
Wei-wei ZHU, Fan YANG, Qing-bing YAO, Lei SUN, Si-yu CHEN, Sheng-hua LU , Xiang-yu DAI
Affiliations
  • Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225100, China
出版时间: 2024-09-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401435
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目的

了解扬州市小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养现状,分析相关影响因素,为优化我市儿童肥胖防控健康教育工作提出新思路。

方法

采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,在扬州市6个县(市、区)每地随机抽取1个街道,再从每个街道随机抽取4所小学,每所小学每个年级(1~6年级)至少随机抽取1个班级,以整班为单位,对学生家长开展问卷调查。

结果

本次共调查小学生家长6 097人,其中健康素养达标3 615人,达标率为59.29%。健康认知、健康行为、健康知识、操作技能和健康意识的达标率分别为66.54%、41.68%、69.99%、44.89%、32.97%。经χ2检验,不同居住地、年龄、职业、文化程度、家庭收入、与学生关系、学生体重状态的家长健康素养达标率不同,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,居住地、文化程度、职业、学生体重状态是小学生家长儿童肥胖健康素养的影响因素。家长居住在乡镇(OR=1.223,95%CI:1.092~1.369)、职业为生产/制造/修理业(OR=1.353,95%CI:1.059~1.729)和无业(OR=1.514,95%CI:1.126~2.036)以及其他(OR=1.404,95%CI:1.112~1.773)、学生体重状态为肥胖(OR=1.203,95%CI:1.060~1.366)是小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养的危险因素,家长学历为高中及以上(OR=0.265~0.649,95%CI:0.133~0.752)是小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养的保护因素。

结论

我市小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养总体水平较高,但健康行为、操作技能和健康意识达标率较低。开展儿童肥胖防控宣教工作过程中需重点关注居住在乡镇、低文化程度、无业、肥胖学生的家长,并开展针对性的健康教育活动。

家长  /  儿童肥胖健康素养  /  健康教育
Objective

To understand the status quo of children’s obesity health literacy among parents of primary school students in Yangzhou City, analyze related influencing factors, and put forward new ideas for optimizing health education of childhood obesity prevention and control.

Methods

Stratified cluster random sampling was used to randomly select 1 street from each of the 6 counties (cities and districts) in Yangzhou City, and then randomly select 4 primary schools from each street, and randomly select at least 1 class from each grade (grades 1-6) in each primary school. Questionnaire survey was conducted on parents of the students in the whole class.

Results

A total of 6 097 parents of primary school students were surveyed, among whom 3 615 reached the standard of health literacy, the rate of reaching the standard was 59.29%. The compliance rates of health cognition, health behavior, health knowledge, operation skills and health consciousness were 66.54%, 41.68%, 69.99%, 44.89% and 32.97%, respectively. According to χ2 test, there were significant differences in parents’ health literacy attainment rates among different places of residence, age, occupation, education level, family income, relationship with children, and student weight status (all P values <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that residence, educational level, occupation and students’ weight status were the influencing factors of parents’ childhood obesity health literacy. Living in towns and villages (OR=1.223, 95%CI: 1.092-1.369) , profession of production/manufacturing/repair industry (OR=1.353, 95%CI: 1.059-1.729) and jobless person (OR=1.514, 95%CI: 1.126-2.036) or others (OR=1.404, 95%CI: 1.112-1.773), and students’ weight status as obesity (OR=1.203, 95%CI: 1.060-1.366) are risk factors for childhood obesity health literacy of primary school parents, and parents’ education of high school or above (OR=0.265-0.649, 95%CI: 0.133-0.752) are protective factors for childhood obesity health literacy of primary school parents.

Conclusion

The parents of primary school students in our city have a high level of obesity health literacy, but a low rate of health behavior, operation skills and health awareness. In the process of child obesity prevention and control education, it is necessary to pay attention to the parents of students living in towns and villages, with low education level, unemployment and parents of obese students, and carry out targeted health education activities.

Parents  /  Childhood obesity health literacy  /  Health education
朱维维, 杨帆, 姚庆兵, 孙蕾, 陈思羽, 陆盛华, 戴翔宇. 扬州市小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养现状及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (18) : 3326 -3331 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401435
Wei-wei ZHU, Fan YANG, Qing-bing YAO, Lei SUN, Si-yu CHEN, Sheng-hua LU, Xiang-yu DAI. Investigating the status quo and influencing factors of childhood obesity health literacy of primary school parents, Yangzhou[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (18) : 3326 -3331 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401435
随着我国社会的快速经济发展,儿童青少年肥胖问题日益凸显,我市儿童青少年肥胖率(21.56%)明显高于全国平均水平(7.9%)[1-2]。肥胖严重影响着儿童青少年期的身心健康,也会增加成年期肥胖、心脑血管疾病和糖尿病等慢性病过早发生的风险,给个人、家庭和社会带来沉重负担[3-4]。研究显示家长的健康素养水平与儿童青少年的健康结局密切相关[5]。基于经检索发现针对家长的儿童青少年肥胖健康素养的监测和研究较少以及我市小学生肥胖检出率较高[1],本课题组于2023年5月对全市小学生家长开展儿童肥胖健康素养问卷调查,了解小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养水平,分析相关影响因素,为我市进一步开展儿童肥胖防控健康教育工作提供参考依据。
2023年5月,抽取全市24所小学1~6年级的学生主要照护者(本研究统称家长)开展问卷调查,总答题问卷6 736份,删除学段不符合、主要照护人和学生体重指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)缺失以及不符合逻辑和常理的问卷,最后得到有效问卷6 097份,问卷回收率90.51%。本研究经扬州市疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会批准(编号:KY2024013),老师及学生家长均知情同意。
采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,在全市6个县(市、区)中每地随机抽取1个街道,再从每个街道随机抽取4所小学,每所小学每个年级(1~6年级)至少随机抽取1个班级,以小学生家长为答题对象,整班为单位开展问卷调查。根据抽样调查计算公式N=μα2×π(1-π)/δ2×deff,确定本次调查所需样本量[6] ;2017年马佳[7]调查结果家长的儿童肥胖健康素养为48.90%,即π=48.90%,设允许误差δ=0.2πμα=1.96,复杂抽样的设计效应deff=1.5,计算得N=67人,67×6(6个县区),至少需调402人。本次调查最后得到有效问卷6 097份,满足要求。
以问卷星形式设计问卷,以家长自填的方式收集数据。为防止同一家长进行多次填写,问卷设置为1个网络之间互连的协议(Internet Protocol,IP)地址只能填写1次,所有选项设置为必答项。问卷调查内容包括学生基本信息(性别、年龄、体重、身高等)和学生家长基本信息(性别、年龄、居住地、文化程度、职业以及家庭收入等)以及《儿童肥胖健康素养量表(家长版)》问卷[8](量表的Cronbach α系数为0.833,问卷各维度的Cronbach α系数0.618~0.860之间,其中健康认知、健康行为、健康知识、操作技能和健康意识的Cronbach α系数分别为0.618、0.755、0.860、0.667、0.633)。该问卷共包含5个维度,29题,总分116分。其中健康认知、健康行为、健康知识、操作技能4个维度共26题为正向条目,依据家长对条目的认可程度由高到低依次得分为4、3、2、1分,健康意识维度共3题为反向条目,依据家长对条目的认可程度反向计分依次得分为1、2、3、4分。健康素养总得分及各维度得分高于80%表示达标。达标率(%)=(达标人数/调查人数)×100%。
问卷设置逻辑检验(数值允许范围及允许值、作答次数限制、未作答提醒等)以减少无效问卷产生。对开展调查班级的班主任进行系统培训,考核合格后由班主任向家长详细讲解调查目的、内容及意义,组织家长参与问卷答题。设置1名检验员,每天对问卷进行人工检验,对有疑问的问题打电话向家长核实。
应用SPSS 23.0进行统计学分析。计数资料用率进行描述,采用χ2检验进行组间差异分析。把单因素分析有统计学意义的变量居住地、年龄、BMI、文化程度、家庭收入、职业、与孩子的关系、学生体重状态等混杂因素作为协变量进行调整,建立多因素logistic回归模型。检验水准α=0.05。
参加调查的家长中男性1 864人,占30.57%;女性4 233人,占69.43%;城区的家长3 739人,占61.33%;乡镇的家长2 358人,占38.67%;家长的年龄主要集中在31~40岁、41~50岁,分别是4 514人、1 217人,分别占74.04%、19.96%;家长的文化程度初中及以下、初中及以下、大专、本科、研究生及以上分别是1 377人、1 905人、1 466人、1 290人、59人,分别占22.58%、31.24%、24.04%、21.16%、0.96%;家庭收入以3~30万为主,占85.45%;家长的职业以生产/制造/修理业和其他为主,分别是1 537人、2 587人,分别占25.21%、42.43%;主要照护人是学生母亲的,占75.15%;肥胖学生的家长1 349人、不肥胖学生的家长4 748人,分别占22.13%、77.87%。
小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养达标3 615人,达标率59.29%。健康认知、健康行为、健康知识、操作技能和健康意识的达标率分别为66.54%、41.68%、69.99%、44.89%、32.97%。男性家长和女性家长的儿童肥胖健康素养达标率没有统计学差异(χ2=2.918,P>0.05),健康知识和健康意识达标率女性家长高于男性(均P<0.05)。不同居住地家长的儿童肥胖健康素养及健康认知、健康行为、健康知识、操作技能的达标率有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。不同年龄家长的儿童肥胖健康素养及健康认知、健康知识的达标率有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。不同职业、与学生关系、学生体重状态的家长间儿童肥胖健康素养及五个维度达标率均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。不同文化程度、家庭收入小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养达标率均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。见表1
以小学生家长是否具备儿童肥胖健康素养为因变量,在单因素分析的基础上,以具有统计学意的居住地、年龄、文化程度、家庭收入、职业、与学生关系、学生体重状态为自变量进行多因素logistic回归分析,赋值见表2。结果显示,居住地、文化程度、职业、学生体重状态是小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养的影响因素,家长居住在乡镇、职业为生产/制造/修理业和无业以及其他、学生体重状态为肥胖是小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养的危险因素,家长学历为高中及以上是小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养的保护因素。见表3
本次调查结果显示,扬州市小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养达标率59.29%,健康认知、健康行为、健康知识、操作技能和健康意识的达标率分别为66.54%、41.68%、69.99%、44.89%、32.97%,均高于2017年马佳[7]调查结果(健康素养及五个维度达标率分别是48.90%、22.20%、4.60%、2.70%、2.00%、1.70%),说明我市小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养总体水平较高,但是依然存在小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康行为、操作技能和健康意识达标率相对较低的问题,可见目前小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养仍主要处于功能性健康素养水平,而在互动性健康素养及评判性健康素养方面欠缺[9],可能是由于近年来我市虽然比较关注学生肥胖防控宣教工作,但是没有针对性,家长的学生肥胖防控认知较高,相关防控知识掌握较好,但尚未转化成实践自觉[10],因此,家长的健康行为、操作技能和健康意识达标率不高。
多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:居住地、文化程度、职业、学生体重状态是小学生家长儿童肥胖健康素养的主要影响因素。居住在城区的家长比乡镇的家长健康素养达标率高,且更容易具备健康素养水平,可能是城区社会经济发展水平就好,有更多途径和举措来提高居民健康素养水平[11]。文化程度决定对事物的认知程度及执行能力,本次调查中文化程度越高的家长,其儿童肥胖健康素养及五个维度的达标率越高,文化程度是高中及以上的家长比文化程度是初中及以下的家长更容易具备儿童肥胖健康素养,与既往研究结果一致[12-15],可能是文化程度越高的家长,更有意愿和能力积极通过多方渠道获取儿童肥胖知识以及控制体重措施,并付诸于行动。机关事业单位的家长儿童肥胖健康素养及五个维度达标率最高,且比无业或其他职业更容易具备儿童肥胖健康素养,可能与其工作性质有关,其获取信息、接受信息、应用信息的时间、途径、能力均较其他职业有优势[16-17]。不肥胖学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养及五个维度的达标率高于肥胖学生的家长,这与马佳[7]的研究结果相一致,需进一步加强对学生肥胖家长的健康教育。
综上所述,我市小学生家长的儿童肥胖健康素养总体水平较高,但健康行为、操作技能和健康意识达标率较低,居住地、文化程度、职业、学生体重状态是小学生家长儿童肥胖健康素养的主要影响因素。居住在乡镇、低文化程度、无业、肥胖学生的家长在儿童肥胖健康素养及健康认知、健康行为、健康知识、操作技能和健康意识水平上相对欠缺,提示在开展儿童肥胖防控健康教育工作过程中需重点关注这些家长群体,并制定针对性的健康教育活动。
本研究为针对家长群体开展儿童肥胖防控健康教育工作提供了参考思路,但也存在一定的局限性。首先,采用问卷星对家长群体开展问卷调查,虽然设置了逻辑检验等严格的质量控制程序,但是仍存在漏项、缺项、错填等现象,问卷的质量还有待进一步提高。其次采用家长自填方式,存在家长对问卷相关内容理解程度不够,导致调查结果不准确的可能。
  • 扬州市科技局2022年市级计划-政策引导计划(YZ2022248)
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2024年第51卷第18期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401435
  • 接收时间:2024-01-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-09-25
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扬州市科技局2022年市级计划-政策引导计划(YZ2022248)
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    扬州市疾病预防控制中心,江苏 扬州 225100

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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