Article(id=1241759334246453254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403165, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710086400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773988096056, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1727193600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773988096056, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773988096056, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773988096056, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241759317016252418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='18', pageStart='3265', pageEnd='3456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773988091898, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773991617194, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241774103024174010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241774103024174011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241759317016252418, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3277, endPage=3282, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241759336360382492, articleId=1241759334246453254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Spatial-temporal clustering characteristics and influencing factors of road traffic injury mortality, Shandong, 2012-2021, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To provide a basis for formulating precise prevention and control strategies, the temporal and spatial aggregation characteristics of county road traffic injury mortality were analyzed, Shandong, 2012-2021.

Methods

The traffic injury mortality rate was calculated by using the data from the death registration and reporting system of Shandong. Geoda 1.18 and SatScan 9.7 were used for spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatiotemporal scanning analysis to explore the characteristics of spatiotemporal aggregation, and principal component regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors.

Results

Road traffic injury mortality rate in Shandong from 2012 to 2021 showed an overall decreasing trend and was high in the fall. The spatial correlation existed in each year, and the "high-high" aggregation area was mainly located in the central and northwestern parts of Shandong. The spatial scan revealed the existence of four clusters across the entire population. Cluster 1 existed from March 2012 to February 2015, covering 26 districts and counties, primarily located in south-central Shandong. Similar to the total population, urban and rural areas were mainly located in the central and southern part of Shandong, and the main urban agglomeration area existed from January 2012 to December 2014, covering 19 districts and counties; The main rural agglomeration area existed from January 2012 to December 2014, covering 38 districts and counties. Principal component regression analysis showed that the variables reflecting the economic and transportation conditions had a greater impact. Among them, the number of permanent residents and the volume of passenger and freight transportation were positively correlated with the mortality rate, while others were negatively correlated.

Conclusion

From 2012 to 2021, the mortality rate of road traffic injuries in Shandong showed a decreasing trend. The main agglomeration area exists in the central and southern part of Shandong, and the rural agglomeration is more obvious. According to the characteristics of clustering, attention should be paid to the enforcement of laws and regulations, infrastructure construction, population flow and other factors in high-risk areas, and prevention and control strategies should be adopted or adjusted according to local conditions.

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目的

分析2012—2021年山东省县域道路交通伤害死亡率的时空聚集特征,为制定精准防制策略提供依据。

方法

利用山东省死因登记报告系统数据,计算交通伤害死亡率。分别采用Geoda 1.18和SatScan 9.7进行空间自相关和时空扫描分析以探索时空聚集特点,并运用主成分回归分析探索其影响因素。

结果

2012—2021年山东省道路交通伤害死亡率总体呈下降趋势,秋季偏高。各年均存在空间相关性,“高—高”聚集区主要位于鲁中南和鲁西北。时空扫描显示全人群存在4个聚集区,一级聚集区存在于2012年3月至2015年2月,覆盖26个区县,主要位于鲁中南。城乡与总人群相似,均主要位于鲁中南,城市主要聚集区存在于2012年1月至2014年12月,覆盖19个区县;农村主要聚集区存在于2012年1月至2014年12月,覆盖38个区县。主成分回归分析显示,反映经济、交通情况的变量影响较大,其中常住人口数、客货运输量与死亡率呈正相关,其他呈负相关。

结论

2012—2021年山东省道路交通伤害死亡率总体呈下降趋势。主要聚集区存在于鲁中南,且农村聚集更明显。提示应根据聚集性特征,关注高风险地区的法律执行、基础设施建设、人口流动等影响因素,因地制宜地采取或调整防控策略。

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郭晓雷,E-mail:
楚洁,E-mail:
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张泽晗(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:道路交通伤害

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张泽晗(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:道路交通伤害

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张泽晗(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:道路交通伤害

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PLOS One, 2022, 17(5): e0268190., articleTitle=Relationship between mobility and road traffic injuries during COVID-19 pandemic-The role of attendant factors, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241759374532743303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, awardId=2016GSF201231, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省重点研发计划(2016GSF201231), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241759374767624337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, awardId=TS201511105, language=CN, fundingSource=泰山学者工程专项(TS201511105), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241759344937734283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759345059369105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, companyId=1241759344937734283, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759345285861526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, companyId=1241759344937734283, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,山东 潍坊 261053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241759346661593264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759346720313525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, companyId=1241759346661593264, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.山东省疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病防制所)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241759348725190861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759348762939600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, companyId=1241759348725190861, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.山东大学预防医学研究院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241759349098483937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241759349253673194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, companyId=1241759349098483937, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.山东省公共卫生临床中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241759370678178741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Change trend of road traffic injury mortality rate in Shandong Province from 2012 to 2021, figureFileSmall=WkiMQNRmAEG9zdZ86sFl4w==, figureFileBig=IAGAxDLVdblArmcOY1pyPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241759371361850315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2012—2021年山东省道路交通伤害死亡率变化趋势, figureFileSmall=WkiMQNRmAEG9zdZ86sFl4w==, figureFileBig=IAGAxDLVdblArmcOY1pyPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241759372087464948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Principal component regression analysis of road traffic injury mortality in Shandong Province, figureFileSmall=Gl5sTx/7oLqymBNLI+yJpA==, figureFileBig=KJaks6o8a4+0FD3ppPXkpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241759372301374463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, language=CN, label=图2, caption=山东省道路交通伤害死亡率影响因素主成分回归分析, figureFileSmall=Gl5sTx/7oLqymBNLI+yJpA==, figureFileBig=KJaks6o8a4+0FD3ppPXkpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241759372490117131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Overview of road traffic injury deaths in Shandong Province from 2012 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征年份
2012201320142015201620172018201920202021
总人群21.5819.2019.9817.5518.2716.8715.3216.5915.5815.46
性别
男性32.4028.5429.6326.1526.4524.1521.5923.3321.8921.41
女性10.549.689.978.729.639.178.759.528.969.34
年龄(岁)
0~144.644.194.874.574.283.763.753.263.101.99
15~6419.7618.1319.6117.8917.4414.9914.3814.3713.7713.47
≥6533.5533.4437.9537.6038.9834.9731.1634.9534.9740.84
城乡
城市15.7214.5915.2914.0114.6512.7810.4112.5012.0410.84
农村24.4021.4422.3419.5220.2719.1418.5019.4118.0818.44
季节
春季4.784.284.684.234.263.953.483.723.383.74
夏季4.434.244.324.234.183.663.633.703.833.76
秋季5.385.255.424.945.104.234.284.484.984.10
冬季4.433.804.484.164.003.543.323.352.813.37
), ArticleFig(id=1241759372582391826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2012—2021年山东省道路交通伤害死亡水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征年份
2012201320142015201620172018201920202021
总人群21.5819.2019.9817.5518.2716.8715.3216.5915.5815.46
性别
男性32.4028.5429.6326.1526.4524.1521.5923.3321.8921.41
女性10.549.689.978.729.639.178.759.528.969.34
年龄(岁)
0~144.644.194.874.574.283.763.753.263.101.99
15~6419.7618.1319.6117.8917.4414.9914.3814.3713.7713.47
≥6533.5533.4437.9537.6038.9834.9731.1634.9534.9740.84
城乡
城市15.7214.5915.2914.0114.6512.7810.4112.5012.0410.84
农村24.4021.4422.3419.5220.2719.1418.5019.4118.0818.44
季节
春季4.784.284.684.234.263.953.483.723.383.74
夏季4.434.244.324.234.183.663.633.703.833.76
秋季5.385.255.424.945.104.234.284.484.984.10
冬季4.433.804.484.164.003.543.323.352.813.37
), ArticleFig(id=1241759372691443740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Global autocorrelation analysis of road traffic injury mortality in Shandong Province from 2012 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Moran IZP
20120.3426.35980.001
20130.3747.02170.001
20140.3997.73650.001
20150.3146.18710.001
20160.4037.85310.001
20170.3366.40470.001
20180.3366.35950.001
20190.3456.73450.001
20200.3406.57620.001
20210.3105.90260.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241759372938907695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2012—2021山东省道路交通伤害死亡率全局自相关分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Moran IZP
20120.3426.35980.001
20130.3747.02170.001
20140.3997.73650.001
20150.3146.18710.001
20160.4037.85310.001
20170.3366.40470.001
20180.3366.35950.001
20190.3456.73450.001
20200.3406.57620.001
20210.3105.90260.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241759373203148862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Local autocorrelation analysis of road traffic injury mortality in Shandong Province from 2012 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份高—高高—低低—高低—低
2012鲁东:莱州市
鲁中南:东平县、平邑县、滕州市、微山县
鲁西北:沾化区、利津县、滨城区、惠民县、博兴县、高青县、河口区
鲁西北:牡丹区鲁中南:商河县
鲁西北:东营区
鲁东:市北区、崂山区、城阳区
鲁中南:历城区、市中区(济南)
2013鲁东:莒县
鲁中南:莒南县、临沭县、河东区、郯城县、兰陵县、山亭区、薛城区、峄城区、台儿庄区、微山县、滕州市、东平县
鲁西北:滨城区
鲁东:寒亭区、蓬莱区鲁中南:兰山区、市中区(枣庄)
鲁西北:河口区、东昌府区
鲁东:市北区、芝罘区、莱山区、崂山区
鲁中南:历城区、市中区(济南)、天桥区
鲁西北:乐陵市
2014鲁东:莒县
鲁中南:莒南县、河东区、临沭县、郯城县、兰陵县、费县、台儿庄区、薛城区、滕州市、邹城市、微山县
鲁西北:东昌府区、滨城区、郓城县
鲁东:胶州市鲁中南:兰山区、市中区(枣庄)
鲁西北:东营区
鲁东:崂山区、市北区、城阳区
鲁中南:淄川区、历城区、市中区(济南)、天桥区、长清区
2015鲁东:莒县
鲁中南:河东区、沂南县、郯城县、兰陵县、台儿庄区、薛城区
西北部:东昌府区、临清市
鲁东:胶州市鲁中南:市中区(枣庄)
鲁西北:高唐县
鲁东:崂山区、市北区、城阳区
鲁中南:历城区、市中区(济南)、天桥区、长清区
2016鲁中南:河东区、郯城县、兰陵县、费县、平邑县、滕州市
鲁西北:莘县、冠县、临清市、东昌府区、东阿县、滨城区、河口区
鲁中南:微山县、市中区(枣庄市)、兰山区
鲁西北:东营区
鲁东:崂山区、市北区、城阳区
鲁中南:历城区、市中区(济南)、天桥区、长清区
2017鲁中南:沂南县、平邑县、费县、兰陵县、郯城县、滕州市、薛城区
鲁西北:河口区、沾化区、滨城区
鲁东:蓬莱区
鲁中南:章丘区
鲁东:临朐县
鲁中南:河东区、市中区(枣庄)、夏津县
鲁西北:东昌府区、东营区
鲁东:崂山区、市北区、城阳区
鲁中南:历城区、市中区(济南)、天桥区、长清区
2018鲁中南:莒南县、临沭县鲁中南:历城区、章丘区
鲁东:蓬莱区
鲁中南:河东区、兰陵县、市中区(枣庄)、微山县
鲁西北:东昌府区、滨城区、东营区、河口区
鲁东:芝罘区、崂山区、市北区、城阳区
鲁中南:钢城区、市中区(济南)、天桥区、长清区
2019鲁东:安丘市、莒县
鲁中南:兰陵县、台儿庄区、薛城区、滕州市、平邑县
鲁东:蓬莱区
鲁中南:章丘市
鲁中南:河东区、市中区(枣庄)
鲁西北:河口区、东营区
鲁东:莱山区、崂山区、市北区、城阳区
鲁中南:钢城区、历城区、市中区(济南)、天桥区
2020鲁东:东港区、岚山区、莒县
鲁中南:沂水县、沂南县、河东区、莒南县、临沭县、郯城县、兰陵县、费县
鲁中南:章丘区鲁东:环翠区、黄岛区
鲁中南:兰山区
鲁西北:东营区
鲁东:崂山区、市北区、城阳区
鲁中南:历城区、市中区(济南)、天桥区、长清区
2021鲁东:莒县、安丘市
鲁中南:临沭县、莒南县、沂水县、沂南县、蒙阴县、平邑县、费县、肥城市
鲁中南:长清区鲁中南:河东区
鲁西北:东营市、滨城区、河口区
鲁东:崂山区、市北区、城阳区
鲁中南:历城区、市中区(济南)、天桥区
), ArticleFig(id=1241759373706465368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2012—2021山东省道路交通伤害死亡率局部自相关分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份高—高高—低低—高低—低
2012鲁东:莱州市
鲁中南:东平县、平邑县、滕州市、微山县
鲁西北:沾化区、利津县、滨城区、惠民县、博兴县、高青县、河口区
鲁西北:牡丹区鲁中南:商河县
鲁西北:东营区
鲁东:市北区、崂山区、城阳区
鲁中南:历城区、市中区(济南)
2013鲁东:莒县
鲁中南:莒南县、临沭县、河东区、郯城县、兰陵县、山亭区、薛城区、峄城区、台儿庄区、微山县、滕州市、东平县
鲁西北:滨城区
鲁东:寒亭区、蓬莱区鲁中南:兰山区、市中区(枣庄)
鲁西北:河口区、东昌府区
鲁东:市北区、芝罘区、莱山区、崂山区
鲁中南:历城区、市中区(济南)、天桥区
鲁西北:乐陵市
2014鲁东:莒县
鲁中南:莒南县、河东区、临沭县、郯城县、兰陵县、费县、台儿庄区、薛城区、滕州市、邹城市、微山县
鲁西北:东昌府区、滨城区、郓城县
鲁东:胶州市鲁中南:兰山区、市中区(枣庄)
鲁西北:东营区
鲁东:崂山区、市北区、城阳区
鲁中南:淄川区、历城区、市中区(济南)、天桥区、长清区
2015鲁东:莒县
鲁中南:河东区、沂南县、郯城县、兰陵县、台儿庄区、薛城区
西北部:东昌府区、临清市
鲁东:胶州市鲁中南:市中区(枣庄)
鲁西北:高唐县
鲁东:崂山区、市北区、城阳区
鲁中南:历城区、市中区(济南)、天桥区、长清区
2016鲁中南:河东区、郯城县、兰陵县、费县、平邑县、滕州市
鲁西北:莘县、冠县、临清市、东昌府区、东阿县、滨城区、河口区
鲁中南:微山县、市中区(枣庄市)、兰山区
鲁西北:东营区
鲁东:崂山区、市北区、城阳区
鲁中南:历城区、市中区(济南)、天桥区、长清区
2017鲁中南:沂南县、平邑县、费县、兰陵县、郯城县、滕州市、薛城区
鲁西北:河口区、沾化区、滨城区
鲁东:蓬莱区
鲁中南:章丘区
鲁东:临朐县
鲁中南:河东区、市中区(枣庄)、夏津县
鲁西北:东昌府区、东营区
鲁东:崂山区、市北区、城阳区
鲁中南:历城区、市中区(济南)、天桥区、长清区
2018鲁中南:莒南县、临沭县鲁中南:历城区、章丘区
鲁东:蓬莱区
鲁中南:河东区、兰陵县、市中区(枣庄)、微山县
鲁西北:东昌府区、滨城区、东营区、河口区
鲁东:芝罘区、崂山区、市北区、城阳区
鲁中南:钢城区、市中区(济南)、天桥区、长清区
2019鲁东:安丘市、莒县
鲁中南:兰陵县、台儿庄区、薛城区、滕州市、平邑县
鲁东:蓬莱区
鲁中南:章丘市
鲁中南:河东区、市中区(枣庄)
鲁西北:河口区、东营区
鲁东:莱山区、崂山区、市北区、城阳区
鲁中南:钢城区、历城区、市中区(济南)、天桥区
2020鲁东:东港区、岚山区、莒县
鲁中南:沂水县、沂南县、河东区、莒南县、临沭县、郯城县、兰陵县、费县
鲁中南:章丘区鲁东:环翠区、黄岛区
鲁中南:兰山区
鲁西北:东营区
鲁东:崂山区、市北区、城阳区
鲁中南:历城区、市中区(济南)、天桥区、长清区
2021鲁东:莒县、安丘市
鲁中南:临沭县、莒南县、沂水县、沂南县、蒙阴县、平邑县、费县、肥城市
鲁中南:长清区鲁中南:河东区
鲁西北:东营市、滨城区、河口区
鲁东:崂山区、市北区、城阳区
鲁中南:历城区、市中区(济南)、天桥区
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Results of spatiotemporal scanning analysis of road traffic injuries in Shandong Province from 2012 to 2021

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特征聚集类型时间范围实际病例数期望病例数RRLLRP覆盖区县
全人群12012/3/1-2015/2/2814 65710 222.031.48911.65<0.001鲁东:岚山区、莒县、东港区等4区县;鲁中南:郯城县、兰陵县、罗庄区等22区县
22013/12/1-2016/11/309 6717 116.191.38432.79<0.001鲁中南:梁山县、平阴县、东平县等5个区县;鲁西北:莘县、鄄城县、阳谷县等13区县
32012/11/1-2014/12/313 4862 386.201.47225.33<0.001鲁中南:桓台县;鲁西北:滨城区、高青县、博兴县等8区县
42012/1/1-2014/12/313 2512 435.531.34125.48<0.001鲁东:招远市、莱州市、龙口市等7区县
城市12012/1/1-2014/12/318 2005 162.971.70855.42<0.001鲁东:岚山区、东港区;鲁中南:峄城区、台儿庄区、薛城区等15区县;鲁西北:定陶区、牡丹区
22014/2/1-2017/1/311 505723.522.11326.71<0.001鲁西北:东昌府区、茌平区
32012/1/1-2014/12/311 149622.541.86180.36<0.001鲁西北:沾化区、滨城区、河口区、垦利区
42012/8/1-2015/7/31478267.121.8067.70<0.001鲁东:文登区
52012/1/1-2013/9/30208110.121.8934.49<0.001鲁东:牟平区
农村12012/1/1-2014/12/3119 78416 485.401.24368.16<0.001鲁东:临朐县、青州市、昌乐县等5区县;鲁中南:新泰市、泗水县、蒙阴县等26区县;鲁西北:邹平市、莒县、东阿县等7区县
22013/12/1-2016/11/301 7531 326.041.3363.19<0.001鲁西北:冠县、临清市、阳谷县
), ArticleFig(id=1241759374197198962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241759334246453254, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2012—2021年山东省道路交通伤害时空扫描分析结果

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特征聚集类型时间范围实际病例数期望病例数RRLLRP覆盖区县
全人群12012/3/1-2015/2/2814 65710 222.031.48911.65<0.001鲁东:岚山区、莒县、东港区等4区县;鲁中南:郯城县、兰陵县、罗庄区等22区县
22013/12/1-2016/11/309 6717 116.191.38432.79<0.001鲁中南:梁山县、平阴县、东平县等5个区县;鲁西北:莘县、鄄城县、阳谷县等13区县
32012/11/1-2014/12/313 4862 386.201.47225.33<0.001鲁中南:桓台县;鲁西北:滨城区、高青县、博兴县等8区县
42012/1/1-2014/12/313 2512 435.531.34125.48<0.001鲁东:招远市、莱州市、龙口市等7区县
城市12012/1/1-2014/12/318 2005 162.971.70855.42<0.001鲁东:岚山区、东港区;鲁中南:峄城区、台儿庄区、薛城区等15区县;鲁西北:定陶区、牡丹区
22014/2/1-2017/1/311 505723.522.11326.71<0.001鲁西北:东昌府区、茌平区
32012/1/1-2014/12/311 149622.541.86180.36<0.001鲁西北:沾化区、滨城区、河口区、垦利区
42012/8/1-2015/7/31478267.121.8067.70<0.001鲁东:文登区
52012/1/1-2013/9/30208110.121.8934.49<0.001鲁东:牟平区
农村12012/1/1-2014/12/3119 78416 485.401.24368.16<0.001鲁东:临朐县、青州市、昌乐县等5区县;鲁中南:新泰市、泗水县、蒙阴县等26区县;鲁西北:邹平市、莒县、东阿县等7区县
22013/12/1-2016/11/301 7531 326.041.3363.19<0.001鲁西北:冠县、临清市、阳谷县
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2012—2021年山东省道路交通伤害死亡率时空聚集性特征及影响因素分析
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张泽晗 1 , 郑文贵 1 , 鹿子龙 2, 3 , 徐明磊 4 , 李寅璐 1 , 刘海燕 2, 3 , 杨特 2, 3 , 郭晓雷 2, 3 , 楚洁 1, 2, 3
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(18): 3277-3282
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(18): 3277-3282
2012—2021年山东省道路交通伤害死亡率时空聚集性特征及影响因素分析
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张泽晗1, 郑文贵1, 鹿子龙2, 3, 徐明磊4, 李寅璐1, 刘海燕2, 3, 杨特2, 3, 郭晓雷2, 3 , 楚洁1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 2.山东省疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病防制所
  • 3.山东大学预防医学研究院
  • 4.山东省公共卫生临床中心
  • 张泽晗(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:道路交通伤害

通讯作者:

郭晓雷,E-mail:
楚洁,E-mail:
Spatial-temporal clustering characteristics and influencing factors of road traffic injury mortality, Shandong, 2012-2021
Ze-han ZHANG1, Wen-gui ZHENG1, Zi-long LU2, 3, Ming-lei XU4, Yin-lu LI1, Hai-yan LIU2, 3, Te YANG2, 3, Xiao-lei GUO2, 3 , Jie CHU1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2024-09-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403165
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目的

分析2012—2021年山东省县域道路交通伤害死亡率的时空聚集特征,为制定精准防制策略提供依据。

方法

利用山东省死因登记报告系统数据,计算交通伤害死亡率。分别采用Geoda 1.18和SatScan 9.7进行空间自相关和时空扫描分析以探索时空聚集特点,并运用主成分回归分析探索其影响因素。

结果

2012—2021年山东省道路交通伤害死亡率总体呈下降趋势,秋季偏高。各年均存在空间相关性,“高—高”聚集区主要位于鲁中南和鲁西北。时空扫描显示全人群存在4个聚集区,一级聚集区存在于2012年3月至2015年2月,覆盖26个区县,主要位于鲁中南。城乡与总人群相似,均主要位于鲁中南,城市主要聚集区存在于2012年1月至2014年12月,覆盖19个区县;农村主要聚集区存在于2012年1月至2014年12月,覆盖38个区县。主成分回归分析显示,反映经济、交通情况的变量影响较大,其中常住人口数、客货运输量与死亡率呈正相关,其他呈负相关。

结论

2012—2021年山东省道路交通伤害死亡率总体呈下降趋势。主要聚集区存在于鲁中南,且农村聚集更明显。提示应根据聚集性特征,关注高风险地区的法律执行、基础设施建设、人口流动等影响因素,因地制宜地采取或调整防控策略。

道路交通伤害  /  空间自相关  /  时空扫描  /  主成分回归分析
Objective

To provide a basis for formulating precise prevention and control strategies, the temporal and spatial aggregation characteristics of county road traffic injury mortality were analyzed, Shandong, 2012-2021.

Methods

The traffic injury mortality rate was calculated by using the data from the death registration and reporting system of Shandong. Geoda 1.18 and SatScan 9.7 were used for spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatiotemporal scanning analysis to explore the characteristics of spatiotemporal aggregation, and principal component regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors.

Results

Road traffic injury mortality rate in Shandong from 2012 to 2021 showed an overall decreasing trend and was high in the fall. The spatial correlation existed in each year, and the "high-high" aggregation area was mainly located in the central and northwestern parts of Shandong. The spatial scan revealed the existence of four clusters across the entire population. Cluster 1 existed from March 2012 to February 2015, covering 26 districts and counties, primarily located in south-central Shandong. Similar to the total population, urban and rural areas were mainly located in the central and southern part of Shandong, and the main urban agglomeration area existed from January 2012 to December 2014, covering 19 districts and counties; The main rural agglomeration area existed from January 2012 to December 2014, covering 38 districts and counties. Principal component regression analysis showed that the variables reflecting the economic and transportation conditions had a greater impact. Among them, the number of permanent residents and the volume of passenger and freight transportation were positively correlated with the mortality rate, while others were negatively correlated.

Conclusion

From 2012 to 2021, the mortality rate of road traffic injuries in Shandong showed a decreasing trend. The main agglomeration area exists in the central and southern part of Shandong, and the rural agglomeration is more obvious. According to the characteristics of clustering, attention should be paid to the enforcement of laws and regulations, infrastructure construction, population flow and other factors in high-risk areas, and prevention and control strategies should be adopted or adjusted according to local conditions.

Road traffic injuries  /  Spatial autocorrelation  /  Space-time scan  /  Principal component regression analysis
张泽晗, 郑文贵, 鹿子龙, 徐明磊, 李寅璐, 刘海燕, 杨特, 郭晓雷, 楚洁. 2012—2021年山东省道路交通伤害死亡率时空聚集性特征及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (18) : 3277 -3282 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403165
Ze-han ZHANG, Wen-gui ZHENG, Zi-long LU, Ming-lei XU, Yin-lu LI, Hai-yan LIU, Te YANG, Xiao-lei GUO, Jie CHU. Spatial-temporal clustering characteristics and influencing factors of road traffic injury mortality, Shandong, 2012-2021[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (18) : 3277 -3282 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403165
道路交通伤害(road traffic injuries, RTIs)是全世界造成伤残的主要原因之一[1]。世界卫生组织数据显示,每年超135万人死于交通事故,中低收入国家占比93%[2]。在我国,交通伤害仍是造成死亡的主要原因之一[3]。研究显示,人口密度与交通伤害发生呈正相关[4]。山东省位于我国东部沿海,人口众多,交通流量大。监测结果显示,山东省道路交通伤害死亡率高于全国水平,且存在地区差别[5][6]。本研究通过空间自相关和时空扫描分析,揭示其时空聚集特点,并运用主成分回归分析探讨影响因素,为制定精准防制策略提供科学依据。
山东省道路交通伤害死亡数据源于山东省死因登记报告系统。按照《国际疾病分类》第十版(第一卷)[7]统一编码并审核后纳入死因分析。人口数据基于中国CDC死因登记报告系统提供的常住人口,同时,结合山东省统计年鉴的14项经济、医疗、交通指标,作为后续分析的影响因素。
城乡:县、县级市定义为农村,区定义为城市;年龄:0~14、15~64、≥65 岁;季节:3—5月为春季,6—8月为夏季,9—11月为秋季,12—2月为冬季。根据地形地貌特点,将山东省分为鲁东丘陵(青岛、烟台、潍坊、威海、日照)、鲁中南山地(济南、淄博、枣庄、济宁、泰安、莱芜、临沂)、鲁西北平原(东营、德州、聊城、滨州、菏泽)。
医疗机构依据《山东省居民死因登记报告工作规范(试行)》[8]负责辖区内死亡个案信息的报告,所在区县疾控中心进行质量审核,省、市级疾控中心复核并进行质量评价。监测数据需符合严格的质量控制标准,如报告及时率≥95%,死因编码不准确的比例<5%,定期查漏补报并进行漏报调整[5,6]
使用Excel 2021和R 4.3.3进行数据处理,计算2012—2021年山东省道路交通伤害全人群及分性别、年龄、城乡、季节的死亡率,并以月为时间单位绘制趋势图,描述总体交通伤害死亡水平。
以年为时间单位,采用全局和局部自相关分析探索空间关联性和差异性。全局自相关以全局Moran I指数来衡量,其取值范围是-1~1,全局Moran I指数为-1至0之间,表示在空间上相互远离或分散;0至1之间,表示在空间上相互接近或聚集,且越接近1聚集性越强;接近于0则表示数据或属性在空间上呈随机分布。局部空间自相关以Local Moran I来衡量区域与其临近区域的空间相关性,呈现为高—高、高—低、低-高、低-低4种聚集模式。采用Geoda 1.18软件分析,结果通过Z检验,且P<0.05存在局部空间自相关。
时空聚集性分析:采用SaTScan 9.7,使用离散Poisson模型进行时空扫描分析,进一步探索聚集区域及其持续时间,并观察城乡差异。根据文献资料并结合实际特点[9][10],以月为时间单位,设最长扫描时限为30%,最大半径为总人口的50%,蒙特卡罗模型拟次数为999次。进行对数似然比值(log likelihood ratio, LLR)检验,P<0.05视为存在时空聚集性。
首先将常住人口数、生产总值、人均GDP、卫生机构个数、医院床位数、卫生健康支出、公路里程、公路密度、民用汽车总量、私人汽车总数、客运量、客运周转量、货运量、货运周转量、交通运输支出15项指标作为自变量与因变量交通伤害死亡率进行简单相关性分析,识别出有统计学相关性的变量进行主成分分析。以累计贡献率>80%确定主成分个数。进一步通过主成分回归分析构建模型,将结果通过主成分表达式解释回原始变量,利用F检验评估模型拟合。将标准化自变量还原为原始自变量得到标准化回归系数来评价其作用大小及方向,识别关键因素。以上分析使用R 4.3.3进行。
2012—2021年山东省道路交通伤害年均死亡率为16.78/10万,男性(23.99/10万)高于女性(8.86/10万),为女性的2.71倍;≥65岁老年人死亡率(35.92/10万)明显高于15~64岁人群(16.56/10万)和0~14岁儿童青少年(2.64/10万);城乡差异显著,农村(18.97/10万)高于城市(13.40/10万);季节差异不明显,秋季略高,见表1。年度死亡率总体呈波动下降趋势,9—11月份出现小高峰,见图1
2012—2021年山东省各区县交通伤害死亡率有较强空间自相关性(Moran I>0, Z>1.96, P=0.001),且呈正向聚集关系,见表2
局部空间自相关分析结果显示,“高—高”聚集区主要集中在鲁中南(驿城区、临沭县等)和鲁西北(河口区、滨城区等),但鲁西北的聚集性随时间减弱,而鲁中南则持续存在,见表3
时空扫描显示,全人群共发现4个聚集区,主要聚集区:一级聚集区存在于2012年3月—2015年2月,覆盖26个区县,主要位于鲁中南(RR=1.48,P<0.001),二级聚集区存在于2013年12月—2016年11月,覆盖18个区县,主要位于鲁西北(RR=1.38,P<0.001)。城乡与总人群相似,均位于鲁中南,但城市聚集范围小,一级聚集区存在于2012年1月—2014年12月,覆盖19个区县(RR=1.70,P<0.001);农村聚集范围大,一级聚集区存在于2012年1月—2014年12月,覆盖38个区县(RR=1.24,P<0.001)。2017年后未见明显聚集区域,且未发现季节性高发聚集区。见表4
经相关性分析,确定10项具有显著相关的变量进行主成分分析,并综合为3个主成分,涵盖85%以上的信息,符合较优的模型标准,且模型拟合良好(R2=0.41)。根据还原后的标准化回归系数发现,生产总值、人均GDP、民用汽车总量、私人汽车总数以及客运量为主要影响因素。常住人口数、客运量和货运量与交通伤害死亡率呈正相关,其他因素呈负相关。见图2
结果显示,2012—2021年山东省道路交通伤害死亡率总体呈下降趋势。分析影响因素发现,经济发展、交通设施完善和医疗水平提高均有助于减少交通伤害,而人口流动和运输量增多则会带来一定的风险[11][12]。此外,2011年修订的《道路交通安全法》严惩酒后驾驶,山东省随后又颁布了《山东省道路运输条例》等法规。完善的法律体系,尤其是加强超速和酒后驾驶执法是降低交通伤害的关键因素[13]。此外,死亡率在秋季略高,提示可能存在季节差异[14]。但时空扫描未发现明显季节性特征。可能由于地处温带季风气候区,秋季良好的气象条件增加了出行,加之我国中秋节、国庆节等均集中在秋季,使得客运量增大,从而加大了风险,但整体波动较小,对时空聚集影响不显著。
相关研究表明,交通事故具有空间相关性和异质性[15],探索其时空特点有助于提升应急响应效率和道路安全[16]。山东交通伤害死亡也具有显著空间相关性,且年际变化小。其中,鲁中南持续存在高—高聚集区,这可能与山地丘陵地形和货运量大有关。山区由于地理环境和医疗救援及时性较差,发生交通事故更易导致死亡[17]。此外,鲁中南第一、第二产业较发达[18],较高的货运频次加大了风险,货车超载时也易引发追尾事故[19][20]。同时,鲁西北于2012—2017年也发现高—高聚集区,这可能与鲁西北前期缺乏交通干线,社会经济基础相对较弱有关[21]
本研究中,全人群与城乡的一级聚集区均主要出现于2012—2014年鲁中南,但农村聚集性更明显。除地形及产业类型等原因外,还可能与法规执行力度有关。法律实施受不同人群和地区执行力度和接受程度影响[22],农村经济、人口素质及基础设施水平较低,执行力度可能相对较弱。二级聚集区延后至2014年—2016年,并向鲁西北转移。这可能与西部地区经济基础薄弱,发展速度缓慢有关。2017年以后未发现明显聚集区,可能交通伤害聚集程度随着死亡率的整体下降而降低,这与孙丽璐等人发现一致[12]。此外,2020—2021年新冠疫情期间,由于封控等原因,车辆和人群流动受限,一定程度上也降低了交通伤害死亡率[23],但由于山东省内管理措施差异不大,从而对地区间空间相关性影响较小。
本研究也存在一定局限性,首先,由于缺乏更全面的影响因素信息,只分析了部分社会因素,对道路交通伤害死亡的影响因素分析有限;此外,本研究未具体分析年龄别、性别及不同交通方式下时空聚集特征,未来将进一步结合监测数据,深入分析不同人群的时空聚集特征。
综上所述,为探索2012—2021年山东省道路交通伤害死亡的高风险地区和人群。本研究对死亡率变化趋势、时空聚集特征以及影响因素进行分析。研究发现,交通伤害死亡率整体呈下降趋势,主要聚集区存在于2017年以前的鲁中南地区,且农村聚集性更强。针对经济发展、医疗水平及法律执行等主要因素的差异,当地政府应根据本地区交通伤害的特点,实施针对性防控政策,从而进一步降低道路交通伤害的死亡水平。
  • 山东省重点研发计划(2016GSF201231)
  • 泰山学者工程专项(TS201511105)
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2024年第51卷第18期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403165
  • 接收时间:2024-03-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-11
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山东省重点研发计划(2016GSF201231)
泰山学者工程专项(TS201511105)
作者信息
    1.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,山东 潍坊 261053
    2.山东省疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病防制所
    3.山东大学预防医学研究院
    4.山东省公共卫生临床中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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